1262016 ratory UTE We UUC ANSI LC} Near Cetnis INSTRUMENTATION [| ANALYSIS meTHoD If RESULTS Spectrometric High heat vaporization Parts per milion analysis of metals (ppm) of elements Laser light cater Number and size Particle counting ornare blockage of particles, Directimage garlcle Shadow casting Number and size counting from laser of particles Ferrous density Number and size analysis eee of particles, Analytical fer- ography Shape, size, texture Microscopic analysis coo, orieniaton ee. Ferogapty utter either megnetitm or merorane Atration to Colect particle 750 eanderct, auch at ISO 16252, ASTM D767 ane 7690, ae ned to properly prepare there rardlet and analyze the panicle vinal charectarint 1. Tere cbuerved charscteritie 1 thed ght on where and how thee partclea wore generated, Ferrograms Ax an ol tare flow down 2 apecially dleusmed olan alee call» fercoram & rnegret it porkned unlemasth to trap the feck: patticl . The pattkle tend to collect fp ting abog the memneti feb. Wn many of the noreferou partie wil ow pa t and not become tragped, cre vill be heb up by graulty & by contact wth the trapped ferreu Daniele. Beth bettcm and top lighting can be ed to help characterte the paticler' crea reaturel Non-ferrous particle Ferrous particles | tha ferrogram, ferroun partic are aloned alors magnet fee Filtergrams Tn contrart ith ferroorama fercrema do nck have any biat toward fenout partic. Au the ofl ample it forced through a ikerrrentane, any catticlen greater than the pore tae are rendonly trapped on themenbrane uface, However, bottom ant fran mi bn dushg analy 1 1 poor due to the opaquene of the fiterrerrorane Wear Modes Rubbing (Break-In) Wear (Abrasive Wear) P rtice colect at r noon ‘on a fitergram, A therrort conren type of wear, bbhg ‘wosr occurt winenaver therein atrface aceg Contact within = machine. Dut intisl nrface contact, thi type of "break wear Wrouibe pected. F uNaIy TENURE 2 rote, lourviesring watsce. Particle produced from rubbing wear typically have 3 Dlstelt (two-dinenknal) mermpholegy and rooth topogranhy. Cutting Wear (Abrasive Wear) Thi abronvel wear it produced when two urrecer penetrate one another. ALLE name HuggeHtE,particled are generated from on lurfece going the other wufece, cresting long, bvorelbe chunk. Trin wear rece i often or srecineyAdricaion cm Read 226 vearcebrisaratary White Papers Inproving Feviprent Reintiity Though the Inperenatonor oot a0 ie ana @a) Sep oalnang recede [Iva phi] sare though viration Aral Buyers Guide oasnomn owonam Samara Hxore Lateratorie Inttumertt Poll atti suney To how many people do you typically pass along your issue of Machinery Lubrication magazine? Crem oroinunntinssoctnay1262016 Aratonjot tear Cetsis Compare to machining nwart foma tthe out on a much Weller 1cak, Rolling Wear (Surface Fatigue) Roling turace contact proacen Ruface faligue, Particiet generates from wutace fatioue tend to corre h the fomef wall, rprercal or brnarparticke. Tee fometion of pha ane sil 13 re1Uk of Fgh load and’ low-contact surece arcs Ieee to the ansping and hg of thete partic a4 they are forced out of ther orignal letting. Thit type of wear typically OcCUFL vith COmpONENtL Of roling Motion contact, Huch aL h the Ca4e Of cal be=rhat Rolling and Sliding Wear Combined (Surface Fatigue and Abrasive Wear) ‘Thi abnonral corrbnation of wear mede 1 au ec by fatkue and cuffing. It commpnly @ ocktes we gear y tem , particubtly abrg the pttchine of gear teath 2 walla Frcondeken vat too high of @ bad or speed and excentive nest generation, For exarrle, the wufece Contact of gear teeth ia combination of rollng anc alting tion. This combines ‘wesrmrece ragin, slong with the effecta of brane contaminants, c3n generate = corples fu of wear deer Severe Sliding Wear ‘A revere love of wear occurt h exc high weed between contacting wurfaceb. When rfece ttrentel are too great becaute of hcreaLed brad andior peed on the urface contact area, the ‘area become un table and large pati trea aviay, further increa ing the vicar rate Striations indicate sliding motion Chemical/Corrosive Wear Corrotive wesr i frequently Bbeled aa fretting correakn, erin, wean fatigue, etc. There particle are often too aval to diinguth incviually ‘ang are UNLAIy the rezuk of Prproper flu propertion lor heavy contamination Fremvster ack, 12 or bacteris. Hest so phayt = major role h como len. Mot hbicanty have rurt/conotiensinsbating adaitver to corbet the effects of cherrical wear. Particle Morphology and Topography Since wear porte detach femirtema machine nufacen h 3 varbbleramer, thr rrormhology ae topboraty ate uraue. However, they allo fe certan patern bated onthe setion by wich they dace detached Pratelet-shaped Parties ‘he1e two-dimentbnal particle ate genely Pt wth 3 ouch permeter The thckre HoxivwrechineryAdricaion cm Read 26ST vearcebrisrarataryarloryt er Ces typcay aout oneterth to oes tet Bal tron. hey canbe father det Td 21 Fav ether ntarorecge ape On ote moat corn way plete epee pare can tecuri by noel and target ace ous comeactrg aera Spherical a” Panticks AN thir ame frpliey, the1e particle are findrrertaly herl. Nomrelly Bun than 20 meron, they smpeer bp ural ruber and are rorettret aes together: Al wear debit, iphercal particle have been 2 cclated with ollng-element bearing and are often a procur or to fatigue fair Emu tbe noted that pherkalpoticle are frequent found 3 Contarrnanta rather than a1 wear debri. Thi type of iphericak thaped contaminant Wey vil belbrmer than 10merond anc often i a byprocuct of weking anc gmnng procenten ‘Wire or Curkshaped Partides “Typically bra and akiny, thete particler may etapa wie, Ipiniter or boon nape. Whi ‘they canhave impoth rtfer andeden, they’ rene will have = rougher appeerence, Another comma charscterit: how thay ane cured, hich | nib to having cut i 2 wood-plenng proce .Forthi tea on, the pamticlermay be rough on one de and moth on the other. The & ‘type ofpartile have been Inked to cutthg weer vinere one ofthe cortacthg urface po ee an aiperty or lodged partice that in platicay Fig compared to the other auface fromwich the riobon-thaped particle it gouged outs (Chunks or Irregular Partides The ache ion theory offer a po ble explanation forvshy Dances procue irequler ihspet. Curing turface achenion, the aiperiet of two contacting wurface1 ‘atten each other, creating a fracture on one of the urfecen, The tufece hlersction trsnferafsgrent Iretesl which acheret to the oppouing nutface, Th can requ inthe Forreton of paricter that have numtal thaoet and are a mture of elarencs. The Wrapen often ate cATEUE to cefine, aL reveral vicar Ineder tay be st Work ccneurertly vithn the ayrtem, ALthere Weer partclen act 94 abr te contaminants betivean contiually contacting wurfacey, they trentforn ato unutvel ape. Non-Ferrous Corrosion Partides CComoaion particle typically are extremy ell (uorricron), Magnetic collection techriguet can be effective h gatherng there psrilet, which sre too urellto view i ndvidual devel, Ferrous Oxide Particles. Oxide partici, which are efher red or black ron oxide, are produced from chemical reaction between ion and oxygen, Red oven are an rreation ofrreiature hy the ayatery wale black vider hidicate iadsquate Mbrcation and excertive heat generation inthe avatar, HoxivwrechineryAdricaion cm Read 26ST vearcebrisraratary