GII THIU SCADA V T NG HA TRM BIN P

I) NHU CU SCADA
nng cao cht lng v m bo cung cp in, h thng in Vit Nam ang c
u t xy dng v pht trin ngy cng nhiu cc ng dy v trm bin p, cng nh
khng ngng m rng cc trm bin p u t xy dng trc y nh u t xy dng
cc my bin p s hai v cc xut tuyn trung p nhm mc ch m bo cung cp in
m bo s tng trng ca ph ti. Mt khc h thng in Vit Nam ngy cng c hin
i ha bng cc thit b hin i, cc thit b lc hu trc y dn c thay th bng cc
thit b hin i, c sn xut theo cng ngh mi c cht lng v tin cy cao hn.
Hin nay a s cc trm bin p trm bin p c cp in p 110kV, 220kV v 500kV
u c u t ng b h thng SCADA. Cc trm bin p 500kV, 220kV mi v mt s
trm bin p 110kV c u t h thng iu khin tch hp bng my tnh phc v vic
gim st v iu hnh li in t cc Trung tm iu Min v Trung tm iu Quc
Gia.
Vi li in phc tp vic vn hnh li in s ngy cng kh khn hn khi mt
cc trm bin p ngy cng nhiu hn, vic m bo tnh n nh h thng kh hn, mt
khc do nhu cu ca ph ti i hi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao. Do vic u t
nng cp cc H thng SCADA/EMS cng nh cc trm in c trang b h thng t ng
ha l cn thit.
II) TNG QUAN V SCADA V T NG HA TRM BIN P
1. Khi nim v h thng SCADA
L h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu (Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition-SCADA). SCADA l mt cng c t ng ha trong nhiu lnh vc, dng k thut
vi x l - PLC/RTU (Programmaple Logic Controller/ Remote Terminal Unit), tr gip vic
iu hnh k thut cc cp trc iu hnh cc h thng t ng cng nghip cng nh h
thng in. H thng ny cung cp cho ngi vn hnh nhng thng tin quan trng ca i
tng cn quan tm v cho php thc hin cc lnh iu khin cn thit v pha i tng
m bo cho h thng hot ng an ton v c hiu qu.
SCADA c hnh thnh v pht trin cng vi s pht trin chung ca cc ngnh cng
nghip khc nh cng nghip vi x l, vin thng, tin hc ... T nhng nm u thp nin 70
nn cng nghip cc nc pht trin i vo xu hng t ng ha. Vic sn xut th cng
c thay th dn cc x nghip cng nghip. Bn cnh ngnh cng ngh thng tin, c
bit s pht trin mnh m ca lnh vc tin hc - cng ngh phn mm, cc h thng t ng
ha iu khin bng chng trnh cng ra i. Vi c im l mt cng c t ng ha n
c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, t vic qun l iu khin trong sn xut cng
nghip, n qun l truyn ti v phn phi in nng trong in lc ...
Sau khi chuyn sang c ch th trng, t nc m ca qu trnh cng nghip t
ng ha bt u, cc nh my x nghip xy dng u c u tin v cng ngh tin tin
v h thng SCADA - cng c ca t ng ha cng c pht trin rng, lp t nhiu
nh my, x nghip cng nghip sn xut cht lng cao.
Cng ngh SCADA nc ta, do nhp thit b ca nhiu nc cng nghip tin tin
nn n rt a dng v mu m, cu trc, v chun v chng loi. Nhng l mt h thng
cng nghip mi nn h thng SCADA phn ln cng l h theo chun cng nghip chung.
Hin nay SCADA khng th thiu c cho vic sn xut t ng x nghip cng nghip
cn chnh xc v t ng ha cao.
p ng vi kh nng pht trin chung ca nn kinh t, h thng in ng vai tr
ch o khng nhng thc y nn kinh t m cn m bo an ninh, chnh tr, quc phng.

V vy vic s dng SCADA trong h thng in Vit Nam m bo vic cung cp in

lin tc, vn hnh, x l tnh hung mt cch nhanh chng p ng yu cu ca nn kinh
t pht trin.
2. Chc nng ca trm
Thu thp d liu t : thit b ng ct, cc thit b o lng nh bin dng in, bin
in p v cc thao tc iu khin ng ct cc thit b.
Cc thng tin lin quan ca mt trm in c th truy cp ti ch thng qua giao din
ngi my HMI (Human Machine Interface) cho mc ch iu khin v gim st ti ch.
3. Chc nng chung ca h thng SCADA
H thng SCADA thc hin chc nng thu thp d liu t xa, cc s liu v sn lng,
cc thng s vn hnh cc trm bin p thng qua ng truyn s liu c truyn v
trung tm, lu tr h thng my tnh ch.
- Dng cc c s s liu : cung cp nhng dch v v iu khin gim st h
thng in.
- Hin th cc trng thi v qu trnh hot ng ca thit b in, hin th th, hin th
s kin, bo ng, hin th bo co sn xut.
- Thc hin iu khin t xa qu trnh ng /Ct my ct, dao cch ly, dao tip a, thay
i cc gi tr ca u phn p my bin th, t gi tr ca rle...
- Thc hin cc dch v: V truyn s liu trong h v ra ngoi h, vic c vit s liu
ln PLC /RTU, tr li cc bn tin yu cu ca cp trn v s liu, v thao tc.
- Mt h SCADA kt hp phn cng ln phn mm vi tnh t ng ha vic iu
khin gim st cho mt i tng trong h thng in .
- Vi mt h thng th yu cu vic xy dng h SCADA (cho h thng in) thc hin
mt trong s nhng nhim v t ng ha sau:
+ Thu thp - Gim st t xa
+ iu khin ng /Ct t xa
+ iu chnh t ng t xa
+ Thng tin t xa ca cc i tng v cc cp qun l
Mi chc nng trn u c nhng yu cu c bit cho tng b phn, phn cng, phn
mm chuyn dng ca h thng SCADA. C th l:
- Phn o - Gim st xa: Cn m bo thu thp, lu gi, hin th, in n, nhng s liu
cn cho qun l k thut.
- Phn iu khin thao tc xa: Phi m bo c vic kim tra ng /Ct an ton, tin
cy.
4. H thng SCADA /EMS bao gm cc thnh phn chnh nh sau:
H thng My tnh ch t ti cc Trung tm iu h thng in (iu h thng
in Quc Gia, iu h thng in Min, iu h thng in li phn phi) bao gm
cc thit b nh sau:
- My tnh ch SCADA.
- My tnh ch giao din ngi dng MMI (Man Machine Interface).
- My tnh ch lin kt d liu ICCP (Inter Control Center Protocol).
- My tnh ch Lu tr d liu HIS (Historical Information System).
- My tnh ch M phng o to iu vin theo thi gian thc DTS (Dispatcher
Training Simulator) v H thng pht trin DS (Development System).
- My tnh ch ng dng (Application Server)

- Cc Trm lm vic (Workstation PC).

- H thng hin th VPS (Video Projector System).
- Thit b tin x l thng tin CFE (Communication Front End Proccessor).
- Thit b tp trung Modem.
- H thng thu nhn v phn phi tn hiu ng b v tinh GPS (Global Position System)
Ton b cc thit b trn c kt ni thng qua mt h thng mng cc b LAN (Local
Area Network), h thng u c trang b cu hnh d phng nng 1+1. Bus Ehernet chnh
vn hnh tc 100Mbit/s, bus d phng vn hnh tc 10Mbit/s.
H thng SCADA ti Trung tm s kt ni vi cc RTU cc trm bin p s dng giao
thc truyn tin IEC 870-5-101 master. ng thi kt ni vi H thng SCADA /EMS ca
Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia bng giao thc ICCP.
5. Thit b u cui ti trm
Thit b u cui ti trm c th l thit b RTU hoc mt h thng t ng ha trm
hoc c th l mt my tnh cng nghip thu thp d liu v iu khin ton b cc thng s
vn hnh ca trm.
Trong trng hp s dng thit b u cui RTU, Ti mi trm gm cc thit b chnh
nh sau:
- T thit b u cui RTU (Remote Terminal Unit), cha cc u vo s, u ra s, u
vo tn hiu tng t, cc cng giao din tn hiu ni tip kt ni n cc IED (r le s
hoc cc thit b in t thng minh khc nh cc b cnh bo-annunciator, cc PLC,.. )
- T giao din gim st SIC (Supervisory Interface Cubicle), ch yu lp t cc b bin
i trung gian (cc transducer bin i cc gi tr in p, dng t cc bin in p, bin
dng, b ch bo v tr nc phn p v thnh tn hiu dng c tr s ph hp vi ch tiu k
thut ca u vo tn iu tng t) v cc r le trung gian lp li trng thi thit b in
(cho mc ch gim st), cc r le trung gian iu khin cc thit b in.
- Cc modem V.24/V.28, V35 kt ni cc RTU hoc cc H thng t ng ha n
ng truyn vin thng (c th l ng truyn s dng h thng thng tin quang, h thng
thng tin vi ba, h thng thng tin ti ba)
- V cc thit b ngoi vi khc.
RTU thu nhn thng tin t xa, thng t ti ni lm vic thu nhn d liu v thng
tin t cc thit b hin trng nh cc valve, cc cm bin, cc ng h o gi n MTU
x l v thng bo cho ngi iu hnh bit trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b hin
trng. Mt khc, n nhn lnh hay tn hiu t MTU iu khin hot ng ca cc thit b
theo yu cu. Thng thng cc RTU lu gi thng tin thu thp c trong b nh ca n
v i yu cu t MTU mi truyn d liu. Tuy nhin, ngy nay cc RTU hin i c cc my
tnh v PLC c th thc hin iu khin trc tip qua cc a im t xa m khng cn nh
hng ca MTU.
RTU: Khng thc hin cc chc nng ti ch v thng tin ln trung tm gim st v iu
khin t trung tm
mi trm, RTU ch l mt thit b giao tip gia h thng qun l mng v cc thit b
ng ct. RTU bao gm nhiu u vo/ra, gn nh n khng thc hin cc chc nng ti ch
m ch thng tin n cc trung tm iu khin xa. RTU v cc trung tm iu khin to nn
h thng SCADA, gim st, iu khin v qun l h thng in t xa bi s can thip
ca con ngi. N cung cp thng tin theo thi gian thc (thng tin tn hiu tng t v tn
hiu s) cng nh cc thng tin qu kh cho ngi vn hnh v h tr ngi vn hnh quyt
nh vic iu khin gim st hiu qu.
(Ngun internet)