PHN BAN B3.

Bo v v iu khin h thng in

XY DNG TRUNG TM IU KHIN XA

V TRM BIN P KHNG NGI TRC
L Trung Hi, Phm Hong Nam
Trung tm T vn li in - Cng ty C phn T vn xy dng in 2
Tm tt: Bi bo trnh by v xy dng m hnh trung tm iu khin xa v trm bin
p khng ngi trc. Gii php k thut ca trung tm iu khin xa v s trm bin
p u ni n mt trung tm iu khin, cc yu cu k thut cho u ni, qun l
v vn hnh h thng.
1. T VN
Thc hin ch trng ca EVN v vic nng cao nng lc t ng ha li in, hin nay mt
s trm bin p quan trng trn li EVN c trang b cc h thng iu khin bo v tch
hp bng my tnh, v bc tip theo s l xy dng cc trung tm iu khin xa c th qun
l cc trm bin p nhm qun l v vn hnh cc trm bin p theo nhm v khng cn nhn
vin vn hnh ti tng trm.
Xy dng trung tm iu khin xa v trm bin p khng ngi trc thuc lnh vc li in
truyn ti thng minh, c t ra nhm gii quyt vn hin nay l s lng cc trm bin p
ngy cng tng cao, cn thit phi nng cao nng lc vn hnh bng cc h thng my tnh tch
hp, nng cao nng lc ca vn hnh vin v chuyn mn, nghip v, thao tc x l trn my
tnh, gim chi ph vn hnh. Cc trm bin p cn c tp trung vo mt hoc nhiu trung tm
d dng theo di, qun l vn hnh, iu cng sut trong li in truyn ti, phn phi v
gim cc li thao tc do vn hnh gy ra.
Bi bo ny s tp trung xy dng cc m hnh v trung tm iu khin xa cho cc li in khu
vc theo cc tiu ch v dung lng h thng, kh nng qun l d liu, s lng trm bin p
c th kt ni n mt trung tm iu khin xa, phn vng qun l cc trm bin p ca mt
trung tm iu khin xa theo a l. Bi bo cng xy dng cc tiu ch c bn ca mt trm
bin p khng ngi trc, yu cu kt ni trm bin p khng ngi trc n mt trung tm
iu khin xa, cc gii php vn hnh, bo tr, x l s c ca mt trm bin p khng
ngi trc.
2. VAI TR CA TRUNG TM IU KHIN XA V TRM BIN P KHNG NGI
TRC
Trung tm iu khin xa ng vai tr nh mt h thng iu khin trung tm iu khin cc
trm bin p c thit k v lp t theo m hnh khng c ngi iu hnh vin trc vn hnh

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC

ti trm. Trung tm iu khin xa s iu khin thao tc ng m thit b in ti cc trung tm
iu khin t xa. Xu hng xy dng trung tm iu khin xa trong tng lai s vn hnh ton
b mng li truyn ti in t 110 kV, 220 kV n 500 kV bao gm cc trm bin p, li
truyn ti in, ng thi, trong tng lai cng s to ra s lin kt gia cc Trung tm iu
khin xa vi nhau, v Trung tm iu khin xa vi cc trung tm iu khu vc khc nh iu
ca EVNNPT, cc tng cng ty in lc, v iu min, quc gia (A0, A1, A2, A3).
Trm bin p khng ngi trc ng vai tr l cc im kt ni c s n cc trung tm iu
khin xa. Trm bin p khng ngi trc c trang b cc thit b iu khin v bo v c tnh
t ng ha cao nh h thng iu khin my tnh t chun on, kh nng thao tc ng m
thit b mt ngn l hoc ton trm trn mt lnh duy nht, cc h thng gim st hnh nh v
gim st an ninh lin tc, h thng quan st nhit cho cc thit b, cm bin nhit cho ng m
chiu sng t dng. Cc trm bin p khng ngi trc v cc trung tm iu khin xa hnh
thnh mt h thng vn hnh h thng in tp trung v thng nht.
3. TRUNG TM IU KHIN XA
3.1. Cc tiu ch xy dng trung tm iu khin xa
Vic xy dng trung tm iu khin xa ph thuc vo cc yu t nh: v tr a l, kh nng v
nng lc qun l ca mt trung tm, khong cch truyn d liu, s lng cc trm bin p kt
ni n trung tm theo khong cch a l. Vic xy dng trung tm phi m bo h thng hot
ng n nh, tin cy, ti u v kinh t-k thut.
V v tr a l: Trung tm iu khin xa nn c v tr trung tm i vi cc trm bin p khng
ngi trc kt ni n trung tm ny.
V kh nng v nng lc qun l ca trung tm: mt trung tm phi c kh nng kt ni n cc
trm theo khu vc, tu thuc s trm bin p khng ngi trc m trang b cc thit b phn
cng v phn mm vi dung lng v cu hnh ph hp m bo yu cu vn hnh an ton, lin
tc v tin cy ca h thng. Thng thng, mt Trung tm iu khin xa c th iu khin c
t 10 n 20 trm bin p.
V khong cch a l v khong cch truyn d liu: do vic kt ni t cc trm n trung tm
thng qua ng truyn thng tin quang hu tuyn, do khong cch cng l mt yu t quyt
nh, thng thng c ly trung bnh cho mt tuyn thng tin quang khng vt qu 100km.
Thng thng, ng vi mt trung tm iu khin xa cn c mt i k thut bo dng bo tr
v x l s c i km, vic phn theo vng a l lm khong cch v thi gian tip cn v x l
k thut t trung tm n trm nhanh hn. Vic xy dng trung tm iu khin xa v cc trm
bin p khng ngi trc theo tiu ch v khong cch a l cng p ng cc yu cu khc
nh sa cha, khc phc s c v gii quyt cc vn v an ninh cho cc trm bin p khng
ngi trc.
V kinh t - k thut: mt trung tm iu khin xa vi cu hnh ph hp cho t 10 n 20 trm
s kinh t hn so vi vic tp trung qu nhiu trm vo mt trung tm chnh khong 40 n 50
trm xt v cu hnh thit b phn cng v phn mm, kh nng qun l v x l ca cc iu
hnh vin v i ng k thut vn hnh bo tr ca mt trung tm.

PHN BAN B3. Bo v v iu khin h thng in

3.2. Cu trc trung tm iu khin xa
Trung tm iu khin xa c xy dng trn c s cc thnh phn chnh nh sau:

Remote
control

EVN
Market Operator

center

Hnh 1. Kin trc trao i thng tin Trung tm iu khin xa

3.2.1. H thng iu khin trung tm

H thng iu khin trung tm l h thng my tnh iu khin v qun l, x l ton b cc d
liu ti trung tm iu khin xa.
y l thnh phn quan trng nht ca h thng, ton b thng tin cn thit cho vic iu hnh
li in s c h thng iu khin xa thu thp, x l, phn phi n cc ng dng cn thit
nhn vin vn hnh c th tng tc vi ton b thit b cn gim st in khin, cng nh
giao tip vi cc ng dng khc.
H thng trung tm, trong tng lai, cng s ng thi c kt ni vi h thng trung tm
thng tin t ti EVNNPT v cc trung tm iu (A0/A1/A2/A3) thng qua ng truyn tc
cao, mng WAN.
Phn cng cng nh phn mm ca h thng iu khin xa s da trn cc nn tng m, c tnh
ph bin cao, d thay th m rng, n gin v quen thuc trong qu trnh vn hnh.

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC

Control Center
APPLICATION

Data Server

Interface

Communication
System
Comm.
System

Sub1
RTU1

Comm.
System

Comm.
System

Subn
RTUn

SAS1

SASn

Control
Center 1

Control
Center n

Substation/Terminal Site
SAS Substation Automation System
Sub n Substation n

Hnh 2. Kt cu h thng

3.2.2. H thng kt ni ti trm

Ti trm khng ngi trc trang b h thng iu khin my tnh vi mng LAN kp kt ni cp
quang cc chun giao tip hin i nh IEC 61850, trang b cc my tnh Gateway kh nng kt
ni lin tc vi h thng SCADA, u cui l cc RTU hoc h thng t ng ha trm SAS v
cc h thng t ng ha trm khc.
3.3. X l thng tin ca trung tm iu khin xa
3.3.1. Lp x l kt ni
y l lp thp nht trong h thng trung tm s lm nhim v giao tip trc tip vi cc RTU,
cc h thng t ng ha trm - Substation Automation System (SAS), cc Trung tm iu
khc.
Lp ny cng lm nhim v theo di tnh trng knh truyn, qun l cc thng s ca qu trnh
truyn nhn, a ra cnh bo v qu trnh giao tip vi trm
Lp ny thng qua cc h thng vin thng s gi/nhn d liu n/t cc u cui thng qua
cc protocol c chun ha v x l cc d liu ny thnh cc nh dng m h thng my tnh
c th hiu c trc khi chuyn tip n qua lp Data Server.
3.3.2. Lp x l d liu
y l lp c bit quan trng v mi ng dng u truy cp d liu qua n.
Lp ny s tip nhn d liu t lp kt ni, x l chng v lm chng sn sng i vi cc ng
dng.
3.3.3. Lp ng dng
y l lp cao nht h thng trung tm. Ngi s dng s giao tip vi h thng thng qua
lp ny. y cc ng dng c th l h giao din ngi-my HMI, h thng qun l s kin,
h thng d liu qu kh
3.4. H thng c s d liu trung tm
H thng c s d liu l mt thnh phn rt quan trng trong h thng iu khin xa. N lm

PHN BAN B3. Bo v v iu khin h thng in

nhim v thu thp d liu c ly t cc Front-End v x l d liu. Cc ng dng khc s ly
d liu t y thc hin chc nng ca mnh.
3.5. Phn mm
H thng phn mm iu khin xa p ng ton b cc tnh nng theo yu cu ca h thng iu
khin t xa v tnh hu dng cao, thn thin vi ngi s dng, linh hot v d dng nng cp
m rng.
H thng phn mm c thit k v pht trin theo cc tiu ch di y:
H thng m, tun th cc tiu chun quc t v tiu chun thc t ph bin trong cng
nghip.
C kh nng nng cp v m rng.
Tnh thng nht trong ton h thng.
Thn thin v d s dng.
C kh nng qun l lng d liu ln.
C kh nng trao i d liu vi cc h thng khc, kh nng thu nhn, x l, lu tr d
liu trong nhiu nh dng khc nhau.
Tnh m-un ho cao.
Cc phn mm c bn s s dng bao gm:

Windows Server hoc c tnh nng tng ng,

Phn mm x l truyn tin,
Phn mm x l d liu thi gian thc,
Phn mm x l d liu qu kh,
Phn mm cung cp ng dng Web v bo co,
Phn mm phc v lu tr d liu v tnh ton h thng in.

3.6. Phn cng

Phn cng ca h thng trung tm ng vai tr quan trng i vi n nh v tnh sn sng
ca h thng, vic la chn phi m bo sao cho khi c bt k 1 thnh phn no trong h thng
h hng cng khng nh hng n ton b h thng. H thng phn cng trung tm phi m
bo cc tiu ch, c th:

C tin cy cao, tnh sn sng cao,

Do cc hng ln c uy tn trn th gii sn xut,
p ng cc tiu chun trong cng nghip in,
p ng cc tiu chun ca EVN.

3.7. Cc giao thc trong h thng

3.7.1. Cu trc tng quan
Cu trc tng quan phn hin th v GUI ca iu khin xa c th hin di y:

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC

Mn hnh thit b bo v
- Trng thi u vo/ra, cc cnh bo

Mn hnh cnh bo
- Cc cnh bo hin hu
- Xc nhn cnh bo

Mn hnh HT truyn tin

- S mng LAN
- Trng thi cng kt ni

Trnh t s kin
- Hin th SOE

Treo bin bo
- t/d b bin bo
- Bin bo cc mu , vng,
xanh,

Mn hnh tng quan:

- S mt si
- Trng thi thit b
- Cnh bo vn hnh
- Tng hp cnh bo

Cc mn hnh ph
- H thng c qui
- Ca s ng nhp
- Hng dn s dng
-

Chi tit s mt si
- Dng ti
- Amps,Volts,Watts,Vars
- Reclose Auto/Manual
- Trng thi t.b
- Treo, d b bin bo

Thng tin v ln ct s c gn
nht
- V tr s/c v dng s/c

Cc mn hnh khc (tng

lai)
- D liu thng k
- Thng s c/nh rle

Mn hnh thit b
- D liu o lng
- Bng iu khin
- Kho iu khin
- Ch th cnh bo
- Ch th trn r le
- Nhm chnh nh
- iu khin MBA

Mn hnh vn hnh thit b

- S mt si t.b
- Thao tc thit b (ng/m)

D liu o lng/d
liu my ct
- in nng

- Nhu cu ph ti
- S ln thao tc my
ct
- D liu my ct
- Dng ct tch ly KA
%
mn
D liu trng thi/D
liu MBA
- Nhit du/cun dy
- V tr b iu p
- Trng thi OLTC
- Cc cnh bo ni b
MBA
- Trng thi MBA

PHN BAN B3. Bo v v iu khin h thng in

3.7.2. Cc giao thc truyn tin p dng
IEC 60870-5-101 v IEC 60870-5-104 p dng cho truyn tn hiu;
Giao thc truyn tin qua mng, gia cc trm vi iu khin xa xem xt cc chun IEC
61850, TCP/IP (chun IEC 60870-5-101 v 60870-5-104). Giao thc ICCP/TASE.2 dng
trao i d liu gia cc trung tm iu ;
Giao thc Modbus Serial/TCP dng giao tip thit b in t thng minh IEDs Distributed
Network Protocol vi h thng mng.
3.7.3. Cc ng dng
ng dng HMI yu cu th hin c cc giao din mn hnh c bn sau:
S li in truyn ti, li in phn phi;
S mt si ca cc trm;
S mc ngn;
Cnh bo;
th xu hng qu kh v thi gian thc;
im d liu qu kh vi phn gii cao (1s);
Tng kt cc bo co vn hnh trm/ng dy.
4. TRM BIN P KHNG NGI TRC
4.1. Cc tiu ch xy dng trm bin p khng ngi trc
Vic xy dng trm bin p khng ngi trc phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
Trm bin p vn hnh khi khng c nhn vin trc vn hnh ti trm;
iu khin ti ch v t xa tt c cc thit b trong trm;
Gim st c trng thi ca tt c cc thit b in, xy dng, an ninh;
Ph hp vi yu cu trc mt v quy hoch pht trin lu di ca khu vc;
m bo cc yu cu x l k thut, an ninh trong trng hp c xut hin bt thng
trong trm;
Trm c trang b h thng iu khin tch hp my tnh;
H thng thng tin lin lc hon chnh;
Thun li cho vic qun l vn hnh trm khng ngi trc;
p ng nhu cu an ton cung cp in khu vc, phi trnh ti a vic nh hng ca tc
ng con ngi t bn ngoi v p ng yu cu x l khi xut hin cc vn bt
thng;
Kh nng chuyn i cc trm khng ngi trc cho cc TTKX khc trong tng lai.

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC

4.2. M hnh kt ni mng LAN ti cc trm bin p khng ngi trc
Cu trc kt ni ca mng LAN cc trm, cc my tnh thnh vin kt ni l cu trc hnh sao
(Star topology). Cc my tnh (cng nh h thng iu khin my tnh) c kt ni vo h
thng Switch (thit b chuyn mch) tp trung bng cp loi xon i khng c bc kim. S
nguyn l kt ni mng LAN nh sau:
`

`
`

Switch

`
`
`

Hnh 3. S nguyn l kt ni mng LAN n v

5. H THNG THNG TIN VIN THNG

H thng thng tin vin thng l mt thnh phn chnh trong cu trc Trung tm iu khin xa trm bin p khng ngi trc, ng mt vai tr nhn t quyt nh trong vic thc hin m
hnh iu khin ny.
Tt c cc tn hin truyn v nhn gia trung tm iu khin xa - trm bin p khng ngi trc
nh tn hiu iu khin, tn hiu bo v, tn hiu gim st h thng in v gim st an ninh, tn
hiu hnh nh camera, tn hiu PCCC vi dung lng yu cu rt ln. ng truyn thng tin t
trung tm iu khin xa n trm bin p khng ngi trc phi m bo cu trc kp, vi 2
ng truyn vt l ring bit, tc cao, m bo tc v tnh an ton lin tc ca d liu.
H thng thit b thng tin v cc ng truyn d liu h thng s h tr nhiu hnh thc
ng truyn nh cp quang, radio, viba, leasedline, GSM/GPRS, CDMA.
5.1. H thng thng tin cho kt ni gia trm bin p v trung tm iu khin xa
5.1.1. ng truyn chnh
Kt ni trc tip bng cp quang, s dng mng cp quang hin hu v cc ng cp quang
hin ang trong k hoch trin khai ca nghnh in.
5.1.2. ng truyn d phng
Kt ni qua cc knh dch v ca mng SDH hin hu ca ngnh in. Trang b b sung thit b
quang u cui ti cc nt m bo thit lp 1 mng SDH mch vng (ti thiu 2 hng kt
ni cho 1 im nt trm bin p khng ngi trc) vi dung lng 4x2Mbps.

PHN BAN B3. Bo v v iu khin h thng in

5.2. H thng thng tin gia cc trung tm iu khin xa
M hnh h thng thng tin gia cc Trung tm s c lin kt vi nhau qua ICCP Server.
Vi yu cu dung lng trao i, h thng ng truyn ng trc gia cc trung tm iu
khin cn c bng thng ng truyn ln n 100Mbps. Bng thng 100Mbps s p ng y
cc yu cu s dng ca cc trung tm, cc n v thnh vin, ngoi ra cng p ng c
nhu cu nng cp h thng trong tng lai.
5.3. H thng thng tin gia cc trung tm iu khin xa v trung tm vn hnh
li in truyn ti
thc hin vic theo di, gim st trng thi v thng s vn hnh ca li in truyn ti
theo thi gian thc, tnh ton cc ch s thc hin ca li in truyn ti, truy cp c d liu
thi gian thc v d liu qu kh phc cc cng tc qun l, vn hnh, bo dng, lp k hoch
v quy hoch h thng truyn ti ti NPT cng nh l cc Cng ty truyn ti in PTC1, PTC2,
PTC3, PTC4, rt cn thit thnh lp 01 mng WAN kt ni cc cng ty ny li vi nhau.
6. GII PHP V QUN L VN HNH
Trung tm iu
Quc gia (A0)
Trung tm iu
Min (A1/A2/A3)

Cp 1:A0, A1/2/3
500kV

<500kV

Cp 2: TTKX

Trung tm
iu khin xa n

Trung tm iu khin xa 1

..

Cp 3: TBAKNT

..

Trm bin p 1n

My
ct

Dao
cch ly

MBA

Trm bin p
1n

Camera
PCCC

Cp 4: Thit b

Hnh 4. M hnh phn cp iu khin TTKX v cc TBAKNT

HI NGH KHOA HC V CNG NGH IN LC TON QUC

Trung tm iu khin xa s iu khin theo lnh ca trung tm iu min (A1/A2/A3) i
vi cp 220kV v Trung tm iu Quc gia (A0) i vi cp 500kV. Trung tm iu khin
xa c phn cp: cp trn ca cc trm bin p, v cp di ca cc trung tm iu
7. KT LUN
H thng trung tm iu khin xa c thit k h tr vic vn hnh cc trm khng c
ngi trc thng qua mt trung tm iu khin tp trung.
H thng trung tm iu khin xa c trang b phn mm, phn cng v thit b vin thng
thc hin cc chc nng thu thp d liu, gim st v iu khin cc trm bin p khng ngi
trc, ti u l t 10 n 20 trm bin p khng ngi trc c kt ni n mt trung tm.
H thng trung tm iu khin xa c kh nng lm vic vi cc trm bin p khng ngi trc
c trang b h thng t ng ha trm hoc cc trm truyn thng c trang b RTUs, cng nh
cc thit b u cui c kh nng giao tip v iu khin. H thng ng truyn m bo 02
ng c lp v mt vt l, p ng yu cu truyn d liu tn hiu v hnh nh thi gian thc
vi dung lng ln lin tc an ton v tin cy.
H thng trung tm iu khin xa s c c cc chc nng v d liu gn nh ang lm vic
trc tip ti h thng my tnh ca trm (ty thuc vo tnh m ca h thng SAS), do vy c
th thc hin iu hnh, gim st t xa, vn hnh trm tp trung, thng nht, h tr a ngi
dng. Ti Trung tm iu khin xa ngi dng s c y hnh nh giao din, d liu t cc
trm bin p ging nh ang vn hnh ti trm .
M hnh trung tm iu khin xa v trm bin p khng ngi trc l xu hng pht trin tt
yu ca mt h thng in hin i, tin n mc tiu hin i ha cng tc vn hnh cc trm
bin p, tit gim nhn lc v chi ph vn hnh h thng in.

10