A.

H thng SCADA/EMS trong h thng in

I. Tng quan:
Trong vic qun l v iu hnh h thng in, h thng SCADA/EMS ng
vai tr rt quan trng, gip cho K s iu hnh HT nm bt v s l chnh xc,
theo st mi din bin trong h thng in.
Trong h thng SCADA/EMS, thit b u cui RTU, Gateway l phn t rt
quan trng c nhim v thu thp v phn nh tnh trng ca cc thit b ang tham
gia hot ng trong HT. N l cng on u tin trong ton b qu trnh s l
thng tin ca h thng SCADA/EMS.
Cht lng ca h thng SCADA/EMS ph thuc rt nhiu vo kh nng
hot ng lin tc, n nh v tnh chnh xc ca thit b u cui.
- SCADA/EMS l h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu/qun l h thng
in, xy dng trn c s h thng o lng xa
Nguyn tc lm vic ca h thng SCADA nh sau:
+ Thu thp d liu:
D liu t cc trm bin p v cc nh my in c chia lm ba loi chnh:
-

D liu trng thi: trng thi cc my ct, dao cch ly, dao tip a, trng thi
v tr cc kho iu khin t xa/ ti ch v.v... Cnh bo ca cc bo v .

D liu tng t: Cng sut tc dng MW, phn khng MVAr, in p, dng
in, v tr nc bin p, tn s v.v...

D liu tch lu theo thi gian: in nng kWh, kVArh v.v...

Cc d liu trng thi (Digital) t cc r le trung gian c a vo cc u vo

s ca RTU. Cc d liu tng t (analog) t cun th cp ca my bin dng in
v in p c a vo cc b bin i (transducer). u ra ca b bin i c
a vo cc v u vo tng t ca RTU. Ti RTU d liu c s ho v thng
qua knh truyn (giao thc) gi v trung tm iu .
+ iu khin:
Lnh iu khin t h thng SCADA ca trung tm iu thng qua knh
truyn gi n RTU (hoc SAS), cc lnh iu khin c th l:
-

Lnh ng ct my ct, dao cch ly, dao tip a (open/close).

Lnh iu khin tng gim (Raise/Lower)

Lnh iu khin thay i gi tr t (Setpoint)

+ Gim st:
D liu thu thp t cc trm v trung tm iu khin s c my tnh x l:
-

Hin th trn cc s , bng biu v cc dng th xu hng.

i vi d liu trng thi (my ct, dao cch ly, cnh bo v.v...) khi pht hin
ra c s thay i trng thi h thng SCADA s pht cnh bo bng m thanh
v dng thng bo li ko s ch ca ngi vn hnh.

i vi d liu gi tr o xa, d liu nhn c s c kim tra so snh vi

cc ngng di v ngng trn ( c nh trc), nu gi tr o c b
vi phm th h thng s pht cnh bo cho ngi vn hnh.

II. Cc thit b:
H thng bao gm nhiu khi cho php tu bin trong h thng khi bo tr
cc b phn hp thnh. Bt c phn t no ca h thng cng c th t cu hnh
c. Hnh 1 l s chung ca ton b cu hnh h thng

Hnh 1 Cu hnh c trng ca h thng SCADA/EMS

II.1 Cc RTU, Gateway
Cc thit b RTU c cu trc m-un kh linh hot, thun li cho m rng
trm, tng s lng tn hiu ni n RTU, mi moun c khi x l v cc khi tn
hiu vo/ra, mi khi x l c h iu hnh a nhim thi gian thc cho php c
th lm vic c lp, nn cc moun c th b tr phn tn ti cc t thit b trong
trm hoc nhiu mun c th c lin kt vi nhau tch hp thnh 1 RTU tp
trung. Vic ci t cu hnh ca RTU c th thc hin bng cng c chy trn mi
trng Windows.
Cc loi tn hiu vo ra :
-

Cc tn hiu trng thi: Cc tn hiu ca my ct, dao cch ly cc l ng

dy v my bin p, cc tn hiu ca dao ni t, cc tn hiu cnh bo, cc tn
hiu ca rle bo v cc l ng dy, my bin p, cc tn hiu tc ng
ca h thng rle bo v cc t my pht

- Tn hiu o lng:

i vi my bin p: Cng sut tc dng (MW), cng sut phn khng

(MVAR), in p (KV), cng dng in (A) cc cp in p khc
nhau ca my bin p, nc ca my bin p.
i vi l ng dy: Cng sut tc dng (MW), cng sut phn khng
(MVAR), in p (KV), cng dng in (A).
i vi t my: Cng sut tc dng (MW), cng sut phn khng (MVAR),
in p u cc (KV), tng cng sut tc dng ca nh my (MW), tng
cng sut phn khng ca nh my (MVAR).
i vi thanh ci: in p (KV).
Tn hiu o lng tn s
Gi tr lu k: sn lng trao i (MWH, MVARH)
- Tn hiu ca iu khin:
iu khin t my (AGC)
+ Phng thc iu khin RAISE/LOWER hay SETPOINT.
+ Gii hn iu chnh cao ca t my
+ Gii hn iu chnh thp ca t my
+ Auto control
+ Startup
+ Shutdown
iu khin nc my bin p, my ct, dao cch ly
II.1.1 Server ng dng
Applications Server (AS) l tri tim ca h thng. N h tr cc ng dng
mng v cc chc nng SCADA, qun l cc trung tm x l phn tn v duy tr c s
d liu quan h. AS c th hot ng trong cu hnh "failsafe" vi c s d liu cu
hnh kp m bo khng b mt d liu trong trng hp s c. AS trao i vi cc
thnh phn khc ca h thng qua TCP/IP .
II.1.2 Server thu nhn d liu
C nhim v nh b tin x l cung cp giao din vt l, tp hp v kim
tra cc d liu nhn c t u cui ri x l s b AS s dng. Ngoi ra cn
truyn cc lnh gim st v nhn cc phn hi, theo di v iu khin ng truyn
gia EMS v cc u cui.
II.1.3 Giao tip ngi my MMC
MMC l trm lm vic da cng vi mn hnh mu ho. Mi MMC c th
c n 3 mn hnh hin th, mi MMC l mt h thng my tnh y vi h iu
hnh, h thng nh, cc cng truyn tin, a cng v card giao tip mng. iu
vin a ra cc lnh thng qua bn phm, chut, v da trn menu trn mn hnh.

III. Cc phn mm SCADA:

Cc phn mm c nhm vo 4 nhm: Thu nhn d liu, Giao tip ngi my,
Qun l SCADA v ng dng SCADA.
1 Thu nhn d liu - H thng thu nhn d liu tp hp d liu gi lnh iu
khin v duy tr cc ng kt ni ti RTU v cc h SCADA khc
o

Thu nhn d liu RTU - RTU Data Acquisition (RDA)

Thu nhn d liu t h thng khc- Computer-to-Computer Remote

(CCR)

Gim st iu khin - Supervisory Control (SCS)

Tnh ton - Calculations (CAL)

2 Giao tip ngi my - H thng giao tip ngi my cung cp cc thao tc h

thng cng vi th hin d liu v iu khin cc thit b. Cc giao tip thc
hin qua mn hnh, bn phm v cc thit b in. H thng ny cng cung cp
console d cu hnh v bo tr h thng.
o

Giao tip Console - Console Interface (CIS)

Hin th - Display Retrieval and Update (DRU)

D liu vo - Data Entry (DES)

Ghi - Logging (LOG)

Biu xu th - Trending (TRN)

Chuyn i Console - Console Switching (CCS)

3 Qun l SCADA - H thng qun l SCADA bao gm mt s h thng con

hn hp dng bi cc h thng khc. l khi ng, khi ng li, cnh bo,
kim sot li, v cc chc nng qun l khc
o

Startup/Restart Initialization (INI)

Cnh bo - Alarms (ALL)

H thng tnh ton li - System Error Accounting (SEA)

Qun l - Executive (EXC)

4 Cc ng dng SCADA - H thng cc ng dng SCADA bao gm cc hm

thc hin trnh by d liu mc cao
o

Tnh ton thi gian thc - RAS Real-Time Calculations (RTC)

Mapboard (MBD)

Load Shed Restore (LSR)

Meter Error Monitor (MEM)

IV. o lng xa cc thng s h thng in (HT)

IV.1. o lng xa
Gi tr o lng v tn hiu trng thi:

Cc gi tr o lng trong HT bao gm cc i lng vt l

nh in p, dng in, cng sut hu cng, v cng, in nng tiu
th, nc my bin p,...
Tn hiu trng thi trong HT cho bit trng thi ng hoc
m ca cc thit b nh my ct, dao cch ly v cc cnh bo.
Gi chung cc gi tr o lng v tn hiu trng thi l d liu
HT
o lng xa cc thng s HT l t chc h thng thu thp
d liu HT ti cc thit b u cui (RTU-Remote Terminal Unit) v
gi v trung tm iu khin (CC-Control Centre).
Cc knh vin thng khc nhau m bo lin kt gia cc RTU
v CC.
chnh xc cc gi tr o lng
Vic o lng cc i lng vt l bao gi cng i km sai s
chnh xc chp nhn c trong o lng d liu HT l
1 (phn nghn).
Vic o lng phn ln d liu HT c thc hin qua b
chuyn i tng t - s (ADC - Analog Digital Convertor) nn sai s
y ch yu xc nh bng biu thc:
=1/2^n.
Trong l sai s, n l s bit m ADC dng biu din d
liu
y chnh xc chnh l phn gii ca ADC.
V d ADC 8 bit c chnh xc 1/2^8=1/256
Trong thc t cc b chuyn i ADC trong RTU c n>12 do
:
min=1/2^12=1/5096
chnh xc thi gian cc tn hiu trng thi
Cc tn hiu trng thi trong HT c thu thp vi chnh
xc c th chp nhn c v thi gian l c 2ms.
Tc l c th phn bit c s thay i trng thi ca thit
b trong 2ms.
Tn hiu trng thi n v tn hiu trng thi kp
Cc thit b nh my ct, dao cch ly, dao tip a,... c t nht
3 trng thi lm vic:
Trng thi ng
Trng thi m
Trng thi khng xc nh - Invalid (li)
C 2 cch m ho trng thi: 1 bit v 2 bit.
Cch m ho 1 bit dng 2 trng thi:
0
Trng thi ng
1
Trng thi m
Cch m ho 2 bit dng 4 trng thi:
00
Invalid
01
Trng thi ng
10
Trng thi m
11
Invalid

Cch m ho 1 bit khng th hin c ht cc trng thi lm

vic ca thit b.
Vic s dng 1 hoc 2 bit m ho tu thuc vo tm quan
trng ca thit b.
My ct v dao cch ly thng s dng m ha 2 bit
Dao cch tip a v cnh bo thng s dng m ha 1 bit
Thng thng cch m ha cn thng nht t pha thit b n
h thng o lng.
Trng hp o lng s dng m ho 2 bit v thit b s dng
m ho 1 bit, cn chuyn i (bng R le trung gian 2 tip im)
tng thch 2 h thng.
Tuy nhin cch lm ny khng phn nh ng thc t khi s
dng (v d trng hp mt ngun nui R le trung gian,...).
Chu k o lng ca RTU v chu k qut ca CC
Mi RTU c th thu thp hng trm gi tr o lng v tn
hiu trng thi v d liu liu thu thp c c th c lu tr trong
b nh.
i vi cc h SCADA/EMS trn HT chu k o lng khng
i hi qu nhanh nh trong o lng vt l
Tuy nhin chu k o lng c xc nh sao cho khng qu
chm khng b st din bin v cng khng qu nhanh khng
qu ti RTU
Thng thng o lng trn RTU c t chc o v ghi
nhn d liu khi gi tr vt qua ngng no .
Thng thng d liu t RTU c gi v CC khi c yu cu
(t CC)
Chu k yu cu d liu, gi l chu k qut, c xc nh sao
cho khng qu chm d liu khng li thi v khng qu nhanh
CC khng qu ti.
i vi cc h SCADA/EMS chu k qut chp nhn c l
vi giy i vi RTU khng c chc nng iu khin cng sut t my.
Ngc li chu k qut c th nh hn v c th l bao nhiu
th do thut ton iu khin quy nh.
Gn nhn thi gian cho cc gi tr o lng v tn hiu trng thi
Cc gi tr o lng, tn hiu trng thi v d liu liu thu
thp c c th c lu tr trong b nh RTU.
Cn gn nhn thi gian cho cc gi tr ny.
Thng thng RTU c ng b thi gian t CC v CC li
c ng b t ng h GPS.
Do vic gn nhn thi gian c ng b trong ton h
thng vi chnh xc cao.
Cch ly Galvalnic
m bo an ton, vic ghp ni RTU vi HT v knh
vin thng i hi phi c cch ly Galvalnic
Ghp ni RTU vi knh vin thng thng thng qua Modem,
vic cch ly c thc hin qua bin p m tn ca Modem
i vi ghp ni thu thp trng thi vic cch ly c thc
hin qua R le trung gian v ghp ni quang in

i vi ghp ni thu thp gi tr o lng vic cch ly c

thc hin bng k thut "t bay" hoc qua ghp ni quang in c
chnh xc cao.
K thut "t bay" cho php d liu tng t ( chuyn i
thnh dng hoc p 1 chiu) np vo t in C giai on trch mu
(Sampling) v sau t C ni vo mch o lng.
T in C ti 1 thi im ch c ni vi HT hoc mch
o lng (qua R le hoc quang in) do m RTU c cch ly vi
HT.
Giao thc truyn tin
D liu HT c trao i gia cc bn tham gia truyn tin
(gia RTU & CC hoc CC&CC) qua iu khin ca giao thc
truyn tin (Communication Protocol).
Giao thc truyn tin l phn mm c ci t c 2 bn
tham gia truyn tin.
Giao thc truyn tin m bo mi loi d liu c truyn t
RTU n CC v ngc li (khi iu khin t xa) mt cch an ton v
chnh xc.
Giao thc truyn tin s dng tp hp cc cu lnh v d liu
c khun mu chun 2 pha trao i thng tin cho nhau.
Giao thc truyn tin c c ch pht hin li v yu cu pht
li sa li.
C nhiu dng giao thc truyn tin chun c s dng trong
thu thp d liu HT
Khi c thit k v ci t chnh xc, giao thc truyn tin
khng gy sai s.
* Bin dng v bin p (CT v VT)
CT v VT c s dng rng ri trong h thng in.
Chng cho php bin i dng in v in p nht th sang
dng in v in p nh th, phc v cng tc o lng,
H s bin i ca CT v VT c thit k v chun ho theo cp
in p v dng in.
CT v VT cho php cch ly nht th v nh th bng 2 cun
dy c lp.
* B chuyn i - Transducer
Transducer l cc thit b chuyn i cc i lng li ra CT
v VT sang dng in c thang chun ha: 0-10mA, -5mA5mA,...tng ng vi i lng cn o
Tn ti cc Transducer dng, p, cng sut v cng, hu
cng,...
Cc dng in li ra cc Transducer c dn ti li vo o
lng ca RTU vi tng tr dy dn t 0-vi k tu theo nh ch to.
Vic s dng ngun dng cho php ni li ra Transducer vi
li vo o lng RTU vi di cp khc nhau m vn khng nh
hng ti chnh xc

Vic s dng ngun dng cng lm tng kh nng chng

nhiu.
* B chuyn i tng t - s (ADC- Analog Digital
Converter)
ADC cho php s ho cc in p vo thnh cc gi tr nh phn
Vic to ra in p li vo ADC t li ra dng in ca Transducer
c thc hin bng cch mc ni tip vi 1 in tr,
Gi tr ca in tr ny c tnh trn thang dng ca li ra Transducer
v thanh p vo ca ADC. Xem hnh v.
V d: Dng ra ca Transducer bin thin t 0-10mA, ng vi in p
vo ca ADC bin thin t 0-5V. Ta c:
5V
R= --------- =500
10mA
0-10mA 0-5V
T
CT,VT

Transducer

T trm

500
Cp dn ADC

T RTU

IV.2. Thit b thu thp d liu

1. Cng ngh RTU tp trung
Thit b RTU c xy dng trn c s k thut vi x l. Cc
b vi x l ngy nay c s dng thuc loi t 16 bit tr ln.
Mi RTU c kh nng tip nhn hng trm li vo o lng
v trng thi
Trn RTU c nhiu v chc nng: CPU, b nh, ngoi vi c
s, li vo tng t (AI-Analog Input), li vo trng thi (DI_digital
Input)
Tu theo dung lng RTU m cc v AI, DI c s dng vi
s lng khc nhau.
Cc thit b RTU c t chc thnh 3 nhm, mi nhm gm
cc thit b lp t trong 1 t (c th nhiu hn).
T trm v nh my, cc tn hiu c gom vo mt t gi l
t trm.
T t trm cc tn hiu c dn sang t trung gian, ti y
lp t cc r le trung gian, cc Transducer v cc thit b l khc.
T RTU cha cc thit b in t (CPU, b nh, ngoi v, vo
ra tng t, s,...)
Thng thng RTU c nhiu ca vo ra ni tip (RS232) phc
v giao tip vi CC v giao tip vi my tnh Laptop khi thay i cu
hnh RTU.
Phn mm c s d liu cho php thay i thng s trn RTU
trong qu trnh s dng:
S lng cc tn hiu vo ra

Cc thng s ca d liu
Cch m ho trng thi (1 hoc 2 bit)
Tc truyn tin
Chn giao thc truyn tin
...
RTU thng c s dng c lp vi cc h thng o
lng v gim st cc trm v nh my in. l cc trm v nh my
in s dng cng ngh c.
Thng thng tn ti vnh v gi tr (sai s) gia 2 h
thng o lng ni trn.
2. Cng ngh RTU phn tn:
Cng ngh ny khng gom tn hiu vo t trm,
RTU chia nh thnh cc phn nh lp t phn tn trong trm
v nh my,
Mi phn nh ca RTU m nhim chc nng nh ca mt
RTU nh
Cc phn nh ni trn c lin kt vi nhau bng cp thng
tin v c h thng lm vic thng nht nh trn 1 RTU.
Cng ngh RTU phn tn cho php:
n gin ho thit k RTU
n gin ho thit k h thng, c bit cc trm v nh my c cc thit
b lp t qu xa nhau.
n gin ho vic lp t thit b
Gim thiu khi lng cp so vi RTU tp trung.
Ph hp xu hng pht trin cng ngh
3. Cng ngh GateWay:
Cc trm v nh my mi hin nay u s dng cc thit b
cng ngh s,
Cng c th s dng thm cc b thu thp d liu, iu khin
gim st vn nng (PLC-Programmable Logic Control),
Bng cng ngh mng, tt c c tch hp vo 1 h thng
gi l H thng t ng ho trm & nh my.
Nh vy cc thit b in v h thng thu thp d liu, gim
st, iu khin c thit k trong th thng nht.
Vic cung cp thng tin cho cc trung tm iu khin cp trn
(CC) ch l 1 phn nh ca h thng t ng ho trm & nh my.
Sai s ca CC chnh l sai s ca h thng t ng ho trm
& nh my.
kt ni vi CC ch cn knh truyn, thit b ghp ni
truyn tin ph hp v thng nht khai bo d liu trao i thng tin.

IV.2. iu khin t xa
1. Tng quan:
iu khin t xa hin nay c trin khai trn c s cng
ngh truyn s liu.

Di gc truyn s liu bn cht iu khin t xa l

truyn 2 loi d liu:
D liu v ni dung iu khin (iu khin ci g)
D liu v bn thn lnh iu khin (hnh ng iu khin)
Nu coi iu khin gm 2 bc: bc 1 l d lnh v bc 2
l lnh, ta c th hiu "iu khin ci g" l bc 1 v "hnh ng iu
khin" l bc 2.
Bn thn c cu nhn lnh iu khin t xa ca thit b
c thit k theo trit l iu khin ni trn.
Giao thc truyn tin cho php cc loi d liu c truyn
i an ton v chnh xc gia 2 thit b.
Giao din ngi my ca cc lnh iu khin c thit k
thn thin v m bo an ton v k thut v v trch nhim php l
ca ngi iu khin (mt khu, ni dung lnh v lnh,...)
2. iu khin ng/m (on/off):
iu khin ng/m p dng cho cc thit b c 2 trng thi
nh my ct v dao cch ly.
y l dng iu khin n gin nht
2. iu khin tng/ gim:
iu khin tng/gim p dng cho cc thit b c nhiu trng
thi nh thit b chuyn i nc bin p, tng gim cng sut t
my,...
iu khin tng gim gi tr no ca thit b th bn
thn thit b cng c thit k tng gim gi tr tng bc (step
by step) m phng php iu khin s yu cu.
B. Phn cng thit b u cui RTU, GateWay.
1.1 Cu to chung
Trong h thng SCADA, RTU, Gateway l thit b u cui thu thp d liu, m ha
theo giao thc chun v truyn d liu v trung tm.
RTU bao gm cng truyn thng tin v trung tm iu khin, cc knh vo ra (IO)
nh: o lng, cm bin, ch th trng thi, iu khin. RTU cng c th thu thp
tn hiu t cc thit b thng minh khc (IED).
- RTU l thit b chuyn dng c cu trc modun kh linh hot, mi modun c mt
khi x l v cc khi tn hiu vo/ra, thun li cho vic thu thp cc tn hiu hin
c v tn hiu m rng.
Mi khi x l c h iu hnh a nhim thi gian thc cho php c th lm vic
c lp nn cc modun c th c b tr phn tn ti cc t thit b trong trm
(RTU phn tn) hoc nhiu modun c th c lin kt vi nhau tch hp thnh 1
RTU tp trung.
Vic ci t cu hnh ca RTU c th thc hin bng cng c chy trn mi trng
Windows.
Cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh v tit kim chi ph u t, i vi cc
trm/nh my mi xy dng cng ngh s dng cng Gateway cung cp s liu
SCADA v cc trung tm iu c p dng. y l cng ngh s dng vic
ghp ni h thng iu khin trm/nh my (SAS/DCS) c cc giao thc truyn tin

khc nhau vi h thng SCADA thng qua cng Gateway sau khi d liu c m
ho li theo giao thc chun.
Cng truyn thng ca RTU thng s dng phng thc truyn tin ni tip thng
qua giao din RS232, RS485 hoc RS422.
1.2 Cc loi d liu.
i vi h thng SCADA/EMS ca QG c 4 loi d liu c bn.
D liu u vo tng t (Analog Input-AI).
Mi knh AI c m ha bng 16 bit o cc i lng vt l nh: Cng sut,
dng in, in p, v tr chuyn nc MBA...
Cc i lng ny c bin i thnh mt i lng in trung gian nh U, I, sau
s c a vo RTU qua card Analog.
Trong h thng SCADA ang s dng ti QG, i lng trung gian c s
dng l dng in. V c u im ln l khng b suy hao trn mch o khi b bin
i (BB) t cch xa RTU do kt qu o c ti RTU phn nh ng gi tr
thc t.
D liu u vo s (Digital Input-DI).
c m ha bng 1 hoc 2 bit hin th cc loi cnh bo, trng thi cc thit b
nh: Tn hiu cnh bo ca cc bo v so lch, khong cch, qu dng...; Tn hiu
trng thi my ct, dao cch ly, ni t...
ghp ni v cch ly in gia RTU v h thng iu khin Trm, nh my in,
ngi ta s dng Rle trung gian c in p ph hp vi in p tn hiu tng ng.
D liu u ra tng t (Analog Output-AOT).
Tng t nh d liu u vo tng t, AOT c m ha bng 16 bit iu
chnh cc i lng bin i lin tc. Lnh iu chnh gi t cc trung tm iu
ti RTU bin i D/A thnh tn hiu dng in (mA) v i tc ng ti c cu chp
hnh.
i vi h thng SCADA ang s dng ti iu quc gia, d liu AOT c
s dng iu chnh P, Q ca cc t my pht.
T RTU
D
th
li
ng
u iun Ra s (Digital
TOutput-DOT).
ghp ni
H
Tng TItTAE12
nh d liRTUu CT1
u vo s, s dng 1 hoc 2 bit iu khin v tr cc thit
A
X1
X xxx
1
TMly, tip TM-RTU
b trong h thng in nh:1 V trx my ct, dao cch
a...
x
1
1
x
2 v
x i h thng iPu khin ca Trm ngi ta s dng
ghp v cchB ly2 gia RTU
x
x
2
2
Rle trung gian Cc 3in p ph
CTvi in p ra ca Card DOT, dng in ca tip
3 hxp
im ph Rle Nphi ln4theox yu cu ca c cu chp hnh.
4
1.3 Ghp ni RTU vi HT.
x
3
3
Transduces x
RTUVT1
TU n
XX
Ghp
i tn hiu tng t.
Q
x
4
4
P; Q; U; I x
A 1
X2 1
x
i vi tn hiu P, Q, U, I. s d
ng
BB

bi

n
cc
tn
hi

u
dng
i

n,
i

n p,
-10mA..0..+10 mA
B
2
2
Cos() thnh tn hiu dng in xt l tng ng. S nguyn l nh hnh v.
C 3
N 4

3
4

x VT

x Ngun nui

S nguyn l ghp ni tn hiu P,Q,U,I

i vi tn hiu tn s, s dng BB bin f (Hz) thnh tn hiu dng in t l

tng ng. S nguyn l nh hnh v.
H thng
in

T ghp ni

RTU- VT1
TU XX
X1
B 1
1

T RTU

x
VT

N 2

x Transduces
x
f
f
x
0..+10 mA

TM
1
2

TM-RTU
1
2

X xxx
x
x

x
x Ngun nui

S nguyn l ghp ni tn hiu tn s

i vi tn hiu ch th nc MBA, s dng BB bin R () thnh tn hiu dng

in t l tng ng. S nguyn l nh hnh v.

H thng
in

T ghp ni

T RTU

x
x
TC
x
Transduces
x
VR
f
x
0..+10 mA

TM
1
2

TM-RTU
1
2

X xxx
x
x

x
x Ngun nui

S nguyn l ghp ni tn hiu ch th chuyn nc MBA

Ghp ni tn hiu s.
i vi tn hiu s, s dng rle trung gian ghp ni HT vi RTU. S
nguyn l nh hnh v.
RTU

T ghp ni

S nguyn l ghp ni tn hiu ch th trng thi my ct

HT

Ghp ni tn hiu u ra Analog.

i vi tn hiu ra Analog, tn hiu ra c ni trc tip vo c cu chp hnh ca
h thng iu khin.
H thng
in

T ghp ni

C cu chp hnh
B 1

RTU1x
2

T RTU
TM
1

AOT-RTU
1

X xxx
x

N 2

S nguyn l ghp ni tn hiu iu khin tng t

Ghp ni tn hiu u ra s (DOT).

i vi tn hiu s, s dng rle trung gian ghp ni HT vi RTU. S
nguyn l nh hnh v.

T ghp ni

RTU

HT

S nguyn l ghp ni tn hiu iu khin my

c t
I.

C s d liu

I.1 Nhim v:
M t cu hnh phn cng, cc v vo ra (I/O) hin hu ca RTU.
Khi to cc tham s cho cng truyn thng gia RTU v trung tm iu khin.
Cu hnh cc knh (I/O) ca RTU tng ng vi cc tn hiu thu thp ti trm.
nh x cc knh I/O vi a ch IOA tng ng ti trung tm iu khin.
I.2 Cu trc:
thc hin cc nhim v trn, vi mi loi RTU ca cc hng khc nhau th CSDL
c cu trc khc nhau. Tuy nhin, v c bn CSDL cho RTU u c cu thnh bi
cc modul nh hnh v ......
RTU

Single Digital Input

Double Digital Input

Single Digital Input

BAY 3

Double Digital Input

Single Digital OutPut

Analog Input

Double Digital OutPut

BAY 2

Analog Input

Analog Output

IEC MAP

IEC GEN

BAY 1

Hnh....: Cu trc CSDL RTU

RTU trn hnh v bao gm 3 BAY, trong :

BAY 1: Qun l cc v Analog Input, Analog Output. Ngoi ra BAY 1 cn c nhim
v lm cng truyn thng, qun l cc tham s cu hnh cng truyn thng (IEC
GEN), qun l cc a ch IOA truyn v trung tm iu khin (IEC MAP). Hai
modul IECGEN v IECMAP lun i lin vi nhau trong cng mt BAY. Trong mi
RTU c th c mt hay nhiu cng truyn thng, ph thuc vo cu hnh phn cng.
BAY 2, 3: Qun l cc v vo ra: Analog Input, Digital Output v Digital Input (DI).
Trong v DI c th dng dng Single DI (SDI) hoc Double DI (DDI).

C.
1.
1.1.
-

Cc thit b ph tr cho h thng SCADA/EMS

Ngun UPS.
Tng quan
H thng UPS l h thng m bo cp ngun lin tc cho h thng SCADA
ti Trung tm.
H thng bao gm 2 b UPS 911 c u song song. Mi b UPS c ni
vi 2 t c quy 220VDC.
Khi mt in li, ngun c cp t cc t c quy s qua b bin i
(Inverter) s chuyn t in p 1 chiu thnh in p 220VAC.
Hot ng trong ch vn hnh bnh thng
+H thng UPS trong ch vn hnh bnh thng lin tc cp ngun n
nh v lin tc cho h thng my tnh ch ti Trung tm iu HT Quc
gia.

- Hot ng trong ch vn hnh bng ngun c quy khi xy ra 1 trong cc

trng hp sau:
+ Mt in li.
+ C in li nhng thng s k thut (in p, tn s) vt gii hn cho
php.
- Cp ngun cho ti bng in li khi xy ra 1 trong cc trng hp sau:
+ in p c quy thp.
+ Chuyn sang ch bo dng.
+ Hng b chnh lu (RECTIFIER); b bin i (INVERTER).
+ Khi h thng UPS b qu ti.
1.2.
Thng s k thut c bn
- S lng UPS: 02.
- Cng sut 1 UPS: 15KVA.
- S lng t c quy: 04.
- Dung lng c quy: 45KVA.
- H thng bao gm 2 b UPS 911 c u song song. Mi b UPS c ni
vi 2 t c quy 220VDC.
2.
H thng My pht in - Diesel
2.1.
Tng quan
- My pht Diesel, cng c s dng lm h thng ngun d phng ti A0, s
dng khi mt ngun li.
2.2.
c im k thut
- Cng sut ng c Diesel: 30 KVA.
- C My pht v c quy khi ng Diesel.
- Khi mt in li, h thng Diesel s t khi ng cp in cho ph ti.
3.
H thng thng tin lin lc
3.1 Tng quan
- H thng thng tin lin lc ti trung tm bao gm cc thit b v knh truyn
m bo thng thoi gia k s iu hnh HT v cc nhn vin trc ti cc
trm v cc nh my in trong cng tc iu hnh h thng in.
3.2 Knh trc thng
- Kt ni trc thng (hotline) l kt ni thoi trc tip gia 2 trm; Ngi gi
ch cn nhc t hp in thoi, cuc gi s t ng kt ni vi u xa (a
ch u xa c nh trc);
- Hin ti c trn 60 knh trc thng kt ni gia A0 vi cc trm, nh my
in, cc Trung tm iu v cc Trung tm Truyn ti.
3.3
Knh quay s
- Knh quay s kt ni thu bao vi tng i (ngnh in hoc bu in).
Vic lin lc vi mt thu bao khc thc hin bng quay s in thoi yu
cu. Hin ti tng i iu cng c kt ni vi mt s thu bao quay s
ngnh in v Bu in.
3.4

Knh b m
- Ngoi cch lin lc qua in thoi quay s v in thoi trc thng nh
nu trn, cn s dng phng thc lin lc qua my b m (ang s dng
ti Trung tm iu HT min Nam). c im ca phng thc lin lc
ny:
+L hnh thc lin lc v tuyn, b hn ch v c ly v a hnh;

+L hnh thc lin lc n cng (ti 1 thi im ch c th hoc nghe hoc

ni);
+Hnh thc ny ch p dng trong 1 s hon cnh c bit;
4 Tng i iu (Lineseizer -LSZ)
4.1 Tng quan
- Thay v t nhiu my in thoi trn bn lm vic, LSZ l thit b cho php
gom tt c cc knh lin lc (khng k knh b m) lm vic trn 03 bn
iu khin in thoi (Consol) vi 03 in thoi s v 03 bn phm.
- Cc tnh nng chnh ca LSZ:
+C th m bo kt ni trc thng ti nhiu ni,
+D dng nhn bit chnh xc cuc gi n (c bit khi c s c xy ra khi
c nhiu cuc gi n).
+D dng thao tc khi thc hin cuc gi i theo tng a ch.
- Hin ti tng i c kh nng kt ni vi 64 knh (trc thng v quay s),
- Tng i c kh nng m rng kt ni khi c yu cu.
Cc thu bao nhc thng hoc quay s t cc h thng khc
1 2 .... n ...

Bn phm 1
in thoi 1
Consol 1
Ghi m (knh 1)

TNG I

Ngun UPS

Bn phm 2
in thoi 2

Bn phm 3
in thoi 3
Consol 3

Consol 2
Ghi m (knh 2)

Ghi m (knh 3)

S ghp ni LSZ vi cc knh lin lc ti A0

Thit b Ghi m
Tng quan
- Ghi m cc cuc m thoi ca KS iu hnh vi trc ca ca nh my v trm
in, nhm phc v cho phn tch cc tnh hung s c trong iu hnh HT.
- Hin ti Trung tm ang c 2 thit b ghi m:

Thit b ghi m cng nghip

Marathon (thit b chnh).

Thit b ghi m d phng l

s dng card ghp ni knh v my tnh PC, c vn hnh khi thit b
chnh c s c.
5.1
Thit b ghi m cng nghip
5.1.1 Gii thiu chung
Thit b ghi m s MARATHON PRO do hng ASC Telecom ch to l mt
thit b ghi m hin i c 128 u vo c th ni vi ng thoi, my
TELEFAX hoc thit b thng tin v tuyn .. Vic vn hnh thit b thng qua
5.

bn phm; bng di nh v tr mouse mt trc ca thit b. Mn hnh LCD

pha trc ca thit b s hin th ton b cc thng tin cn thit cho vic gim
st v vn hnh thit b.
5.1.2 c tnh k thut
- C kh nng vn hnh lin tc 24/24.
- C kh nng ghi m v gim st ng thi 128 cuc gi trn cc knh.
- C kh nng m rng ghp ni (bng cch thm card ghp knh).
- C kh nng lu tr cao (100.000h).
- Va lu tr d liu trn cng va lu tr trn bng t.
- C th gim st tnh trng ca cc knh thng qua mn hnh gim st knh.
- C kh nng tm kim cc cuc gi c ghi m theo cc tiu chun khc
nhau (theo thi gian cuc gi, theo s hiu knh...).
- C kh nng lu d cuc gi quan trng tin tra cu trong nhng a ch
lu tr ring.
5.2 Thit b ghi m d phng (My tnh + Card Ghi m + Phn mm ghi m)
5.2.1. Gii thiu chung
H thng ghi m d phng s dng card ghp knh cm trn my tnh PC. D
liu c ghi trc tip trn cng ca my tnh. My c kh nng ghp ni trc
tip vi knh truyn hoc ghp ni vi ngun tn hiu m tn. H thng c giao
din tin li cho ngi s dng v cho kh nng khi ng ghi m theo nhiu
cch, ngoi ra cn c nhiu tin ch khc trong vic lu tr v tm kim cuc gi.
5.2.2. c tnh k thut
- Hin ang s dng 01 Card ghp ni vi 08 knh Analog.
- H thng c kh nng m rng ghp ni.
- C kh nng ghi m ng thi 32 cuc thoi trn cc knh.
- C kh nng gim st cuc gi ang c ghi m.
- C kh nng khi ng qu trnh ghi m theo ging ni (Voice), mc in p
(Ghi m khi thc hin nhc my), bng tay (Khi bm 1 phm trn bn phm)...
- C kh nng tm kim cuc gi theo cc tiu chun tm kim khc nhau: theo
thi gian, theo s hiu cuc gi ID....
- Lu tr d liu trn cng ca my.
- H thng hot ng mt cch an ton v tin cy trong qun l truy nhp d
liu thng qua tn v mt khu.
6.
6.1
-

H thng o tn s v gim st ho ng b -DHZ.

Tng quan
H thng o tn s c bao gm thit b o lng t ti cc nh my in
quan trng ca HT v ti phng iu khin A0, A1, A2, A3.
Cc im o tn s bao gm cc nh my: Ho bnh, Tr an, Yaly, Ph m,
Ph li, Thc b v trm 500 kV Ph lm.
Ti 3 trm 500kV H tnh, nng v Pleicu cn c cc thit b gim st ho
ng b ng dy 500kV.
Cc s liu v tn s v ho ng b c truyn v A0 qua cc knh 4W v
Modem,
Cc gi tr tn s c th hin trn mn hnh my tnh,
Hai tn s ca 2 u ng dy 500kV (T500 Ho bnh v T500 Ph lm) cn
c th hin ln 2 ng h c ln ti phng iu khin.

Cc gi tr tn s cng c truyn ti phng iu khin ca cc Trung tm

iu min (A1, A2, A3).
Nguyn l o tn s ca h thng ny l o di chu k tn hiu bng nhp
dao ng thch anh, t tnh ra tn s.
chnh xc ca php o tn s l 0,01Hz trn c di o 45,00 n
55,00Hz
Chu k o v truyn s liu l 1 sec (c th iu chnh).

Display tn s
Ho bnh ti A0

Thit b
DHZ ti
A1
Thit b
DHZ ti
A3
Thit b
DHZ ti
A2

6.2
-

6.3
-

D.
1.
-

Display tn s
Ph lm ti A0

Thit bi
u cui

Cp
4W
4W

Thit b
DHZ ti
A0

4W
4W
4W

S h thng DHZ

Thit bi
u cui

Thit bi
u cui

o tn qua h thng SCADA/EMS

Vic s dng h thng SCADA/EMS o tn s HT ti im t RTU
c mt s gii hn sau:
Cc Transducer tn s trn RTU l dng analog cho nn d sau c s
ho cng khng vt qua chnh xc ca Transducer,
chnh xc ca Transducer tn s khng t yu cu t ra l 0,01Hz
trn c di o
Chu k qut ca my tnh ch l vi giy, qu ln so vi yu cu.
Cc Trung tm iu A0, A1, A2, A3 hin ti khng theo di tn s HT
qua h thng SCADA/EMS.
Cng tc qun l vn hnh
H thng o tn s l do phng Cng Ngh - Trung tm iu HT Quc
gia thit k ch to nn cng tc kim tra, sa cha l hon ton lm ch;
Bnh thng c th kim tra tnh trng ca h thng:
+Kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca h thng qua vic gim st qua giao din
chng trnh tn s ring.
+Vic gim st tnh trng kt ni vi u xa c th thc hin qua cc n ch
th ca Modem.
Cc knh vin thng phc v kt ni SCADA
Knh kt ni cho Modem 4W
My ch SCADA kt ni vi thit b u cui (RTU) c thc hin qua
knh 4W v Modem m tn.

c tnh knh nh sau:

Knh 4W m tn (analog);

Tr khng ng dy 600;
Bng thng 300Hz n 3400Hz;
p ng khuyn ngh G.712;
2. Knh kt ni ICCP
- Cc s liu ICCP (Inter Control Center Protocol) c gi t cc h thng
SCADA/EMS ti A1, A2, A3 v A0.
- Knh truyn ICCP l lung E1 ni A0- A2-A3 v knh d phng ca EVNTel.
- Do A0 v A1 do nm cnh nhau nn s dng cp.
- S u ni nh sau:
-

My ch ICCP A0

Cp i Router A1

Mng LAN h
SCADA/EMS A0

Router A0

MUX A0

Lung E1 i A2, A3