M hnh Waterfall

Phn tch yu cu v ti liu c t (Requirements and Specifications):

l giai on xc nh nhng i hi (What) lin quan n chc nng v phi chc nng
m h thng phn mm cn c. Giai on ny cn s tham gia tch cc ca khch hng v
kt thc bng mt ti liu c gi l Bn c t yu cu phn mm hay SRS (software
requirement specification), trong bao gm tp hp cc yu cu c duyt
(reviewed) v nghim thu (approved) bi nhng ngi c trch nhim i vi d n (t
pha khch hng). SRS chnh l nn tng cho cc hot ng tip theo cho n cui d n.
Phn tch h thng v thit k (System Analysis and Design):
l giai on nh ra lm th no (How) h thng phn mm p ng nhng i hi
(What) m khch hng yu cu trong SRS. y l chnh l cu ni gia i hi (What)
v m (Code) c hin thc p ng yu cu .
Hin thc v kim th tng thnh phn (Coding and Unit Test):
l giai on hin thc lm th no (How) c ch ra trong giai on Phn tch h
thng v thit k.
Kim th (Test):
giai on ny s tin hnh kim th m (code) c hin thc, bao gm kim th tch
hp cho nhm cc thnh phn v kim th ton h thng (system test). Mt khu kim th
cui cng thng c thc hin l nghim thu (acceptance test), vi s tham gia ca
khch hng trong vai tr chnh xc nh h thng phn mm c p ng yu cu ca h

hay khng.

Ci t v bo tr (Deployment and Maintenance):

y l giai on ci t, cu hnh v hun luyn khch hng. Giai on ny sa cha
nhng li ca phn mm (nu c) v pht trin nhng thay i mi c khch hng yu
cu (nh sa i, thm hay bt chc nng/c im ca h thng).
Thc t cho thy n nhng giai on sau mi c kh nng nhn ra sai st trong nhng
giai on trc v phi quay li sa cha. y chnh l kiu waterfall dng lp (Iterative
Waterfall) v c minh ho trong Hnh 1.