Lumsdale Research Project 4

Lumsdale Mills, Matlock

History
Arkwrights factory system was named after Richard Arkwright who influenced
his belief on the development of the industrial development. He created a rollerspinning machine known as the water frame. Its role was to spin cotton. It was
powered by water. Arkwrights patent for his water frame was due to run out in
1785. Watts, Lowe and co, predicted the expiry of the patent and built a three
storey cotton mill to use Arkwrights technology. Watts, Lowe and co also
constructed the Upper and Middle ponds to provide constant water power and
operated existing mills in the valley.
There are a number of bleaching vats
and the smith currently reside at the
Lower Bleach Works. The circular
trough that can be seen in the Lower
Bleach Works was used to cool down
the iron rims of cart wheels quickly so
that they fitted tightly.

Lower Bleach Works

By 1907 most of the land in the valley

had been purchased by Ernest Richard
Farnsworth whose family had been
operating bleaching works lower down
the valley for many years. The business

continued until 1929.

In 1813 Watts, Lowe and Co. went bankrupt. Later, John Garton bought the land
in the valley. He converted the mills either side of the road into factories. The
factories concentrated on bleaching cotton cloth. The two storey mill which was
originally three storeys is known as the Lower Bleach Works. It is also known as
the Gartons Mill. The mill is connected to the drying room in the Upper Bleach
Works by a stone tramway. The site of the Upper Bleach Works is not accessible
as the remains are very fragile.
The ivy that covers many of the
ruins is a good habitat for birds as
it provides food and shelter. Birds
also nest in the crevices in the
buildings. The Lower Bleach Works
have not been disturbed and
provide a safe habitat for a range
of small mammals and insects. It is
also a good environment for
woodland flowers and moss to
grow.
Bleaching tanks in the lower bleach works
and the remains of the upper bleach works

The paint mill is thought to be one of the first structures to be built in the midsection of the valley. It was probably built in the 1600s as a very early lead
smelting mill. It became a bleaching mill and its final use was for grinding
barytes for the paint industry. Some of the ground around the Paint Mill has been
contaminated with chemicals and does not support much ground cover.
Towards the dam wall, there is a French burr grinding stone. This has been
specially imported due to its superior quality. At the foot of the dam wall is what
is now called the Saw Mill which was built in the 1850s. It was originally used for
grinding minerals for paint.
Behind the Paint Mill is a
circular stone through which
was used for bleaching hanks
of yarn. The field located on
the other side of the brook was
a tenter field. This was where
cloth was stretched out to
complete the bleaching and
drying process. The tunnel
beneath the steps gave access
to a small bridge across the
stream.

The large Grinding Mill was built into the rock beside the waterfall around 1770
(probably as a corn mill) but it also ground red lead. It contains a wheel pit which
can be seen from the viewing platform. The water was fed on to the wheel from
the cast iron pipe.
The tree cover makes a rich area for woodland birds and it is possible to see
dippers in the stream. Standing dead wool, ivy and rocks encourage bats and
invertebrates whilst badgers and foxes also visit. Tawney owls are heard
regularly. Ferns and mosses flourish in the damp, shady conditions.
The lower pond was built in the 1950s as a holding pond to ensure a continuous
supply of water power to drive machinery and keep the workers busy in mills
further down the valley. It is on a site which used to be an old quarry and was
constructed with a stepped dam. A feeder pipe which is visible on the outside of
the dam wall supports the idea that water power was used to drive the Grinding
mill which late became the Saw mill.
The Lower pond has been dredged and restored many times. It had been
dredged in 1983 and lately in 2014 as part of the Lumsdale Projects Heritage
Lottery Fund award.
The middle Pond located on the upper side of the row of cottages was built in the
1780s. It was created as a holding pond to supply water further down in the
valley. The pond had become completely blocked with slit but was restored by
the Arkwright Societys Lumsdale Project. A lot of the silt continues to wash of
the moors above the valley and into Bentley Brook. It is then deposited into the
ponds which causes problems for the pond users.

The chimney is located in the bottom of wood across from the lane of the Lower
pond. It provided the draw for flues. This extended underground from the
Gartons Mill.

Precedents
Solomon R. Guggenheim Guggenheim
The Guggenheim is an art
museum located at 1071
Fifth Avenue on the corner
of East 89th Street in the
Upper East Side
neighborhood of
Manhattan, New York City. It
home to a continuously
expanding collection of
Impressionist, PostImpressionist, early Modern
and contemporary art and
also features special exhibitions
throughout the year.
In 1959, the museum moved from rented
space to its current building, a landmark
work of 20th-century architecture. It was
designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.

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https://www.google.co.uk/url?
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%2Fhost-an-event&bvm=bv.119745492,d.bGs&psig=AFQjCNEgsvR8xQwwA9Kifsifa32P

Sir John Soane's Museum

The Soane Museum is the
house of Sir John Soane
who was an English
architect. He built and
lived in 1792. The
Museum has been kept as
it was at the time of his
death which was in 1837.
It displays his collection of
antiquities, furniture,
sculptures, architectural
models and paintings.

Soane demolished and rebuilt three houses. He began with No. 12 (between
1792 and 1794). Soane
http://hire.lewisbush.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/09/IMG_4586.jpg
then purchased No. 13. He
had moved into No. 13, Soane rented out his former home at No. 12 (on his
death it was left to the nation along with No. 13, the intention being that the
rental income would fund the running of the Museum). In 1823, when he was
over 70, he purchased a third house, No. 14, which he rebuilt in 182324.

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Victoria and Albert Museum

https://www.google.co.uk/url?
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http://www.antiquemapsandprints.com/ekmps/shops/richben90/images/victoria-albert-museum.ground-floor-vintage-plan.-south-kensington-1935-map-217301-p.jpg

The Victoria and Albert was originally established in 1852. Its founding principle
was to make works of art available to all, to educate working people and to
inspire British designers and manufacturers. Since its foundation is has become

one of the world's greatest resources of art and design, housed in one of the
finest groups of Victorian buildings in Britain. The Museum moved to its present
site in 1857. Aston Webb designed the main building of the Victoria and Albert
Museum.

The Original London Visitor Centre

The Original London
Visitor Centre is located
close to Trafalgar
Square in London. Its
history dates back to
the early 1900s, The
Original London
Sightseeing Tour is the
first sightseeing tour of
its kind. It was formally
introduced by London
Transport as Service J
for the Festival of
Britain in 1951.
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Villa Savoye
Villa Savoye was designed by Le Corbusier and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret in
1929-1931. It was built in the time of the great depression. It takes the shape of
a rectangular
prism which has been placed on columns.
Materials such as glass,
reinforced concrete and steel
were used. He drew
inspiration from the machine
age.

http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/Corbu/savoye1.jpg

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Le Corbusiers fiver points to

architecture which he
obeyed were:

Pilots (columns) for increasing open space

Free design of the ground plan for natural space
Free design of the faade
Horizontal windows for well/equally lit rooms
Rood garden to bring nature into the home

https://ka-perseus-images.s3.amazonaws.com/a6e0790ce97bec178afd3297fe8386967add5eff.jpg

Sizes of areas
Cubicles

http://www.washroomcubicles.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/cubicle-size-guide.gif

http://www.washroomcubicles.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/wheelchair-access-cubicle.gif

Enlarged WC Cubicles
When four or more cubicles are provided in a washroom, one of these must be an
enlarged cubicle.
Enlarged cubicles must be a minimum width of 1200mm and include an outward
opening door.
A horizontal and vertical grab rail set is required around the WC.
Standard Toilet Cubicles
All standard toilet cubicles must now have a minimum of 450mm diameter
manoeuvring space within the cubicle.
Indicator-bolts must be capable of being operated with a closed fist and doors
must allow for emergency access should a user collapse and become trapped
inside the cubicle blocking the door from opening
Wheelchair Accessible Cubicle
The wheelchair accessible layout has been modified to accommodate an overall
toilet cubicle length of 2220mm (previously 2000mm).
The door opening needs to be 900mm with a 950mm (wide) outward opening
cubicle door.
(http://www.washroomcubicles.co.uk/toilet-cubicle-sizes/)

Exhibition space

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Study space

Recommended area (m2) according to group size

Space type
For
Standard classroom
434
Science laboratory KS3/4
Sixth form science laboratory 90
General art room KS3/4
Large art room (textiles or 3D)
Sixth form art room
77
Textiles room
85
Graphic products
85
Electronics and control systems 90
Resistant materials
112
Resistant materials/engineering116
Food room
101
Music classroom
Drama studio/music recital room

For 20
43
90
77
85
85
90
112
116
101

For
51
77
105
7
90
90

For 25
51
77
105
77
90
90

For
60
90

For 30
60
90

90
105

90
105

57
77

57
77

67

67
90

https://www.teachers.org.uk/sites/default/files2014/space-requirements-inclassrooms.doc
Refreshment facilities (Caf)

Caf should accommodate 30 people seated

It should include a kitchen
It should include a WC facility