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CHNG 2:

NHNG IU C BN VIT BI TP
CH V CC BC TI THNH CNG:
HY BT U
GII THIU
Chng ny bao gm cc c im cn thit ca vic vit mt
bi bo cng b nghin cu, lit k ra mt s nhng ro chn
m nhiu ngi gp phi khi vit v cch lm th no vt qua
chng. Bi v chng ny tp trung vo vit mt bi bo c bn,
nn mt vi nguyn tc ph hp vi cc dng vit khc v d nh
chng sch v tng hp, s c bao gm trong nhng chng
tip theo.

CC CHNG NGI KHI VIT


Ti dy mt phn ca kha hc online v thng tin v s lin
lc trong chm sc sc khe, c mt vi phn v vit mt bi bo
xut bn. Mt trong nhng bi tp u tin ti t ra cho sinh
vin hu ht l nhng nh lm sng bn rn m mun vit bi
bo l lit k ra nhng chng ngi khi phi vit bi v sau
chia s vi nhm online, v vi ti. Bn danh sch c di thm
ra khi ti yu cu lm bi tp ny v mi ngi khng ngng tm
c cc l do khng phi vit, mc d h mong mun lm n.
Tuy nhin, trong cc bn danh sch v nhng cm t ph bin
lun trong top u gm c:
- Thiu thi gian (lack of time)
- Thiu kh nng (lack of ability)
- Khng hiu v quy trnh xut bn ( not understanding the
publishing process)
- S b ph bnh (fear of criticism)
- S b t chi (fear of rejection)

(1) Thiu thi gian


y lun lun l l do hng u mi ngi nhn thy nh l
chng ngi ln nht khi vit bi. ng nhin, vit lch tiu tn
thi gian v thi gian tr nn khan him v chng ta tin b thng
qua mt cuc sng lun lm vic. C v s iu kin c th gip
cho vic vit lch ca chng ta u tin l t ng - s tin nghi
v pht trin ca my tnh c nhn thay vo cng to ra cho
chng ta v s sao lng: email, lt web, Facebook v Twitter.
Chng ta rt him khi c mt khong thi gian m chng ta ngh
rng n dnh ring cho vic vit (nhng nhiu hn thi gian sau
), v mt iu quan trng, l khng ai s cho chng ta thi
gian. V vy, khi t vo hon cnh chng ta phi vit v mt ci
g , v d tt c nhng tri nghim v thm nin ca mnh,
chng ta thng thiu thi gian vit v n. Tuy nhin, c mt
vi ngi vit thng xuyn v phong ph, v dng nh h r
rng khng c nhiu thi gian hn nhng ngi khc. Chng ta s
t hi h lm iu nh th no? D nhin, khng ai c mt
cu tr li n gin cho cu hi ny nh chng ta s thy xuyn
sut quyn sch.
(2) Thiu kh nng
y l ni s hi ch yu c xem nh mt chng ngi khi
vit. Gc r ca ni s ny xut pht t thiu ht v kinh nghim
v c hi, v cng vy, tht ng bun, t nhng tri nghim ti
t ca bn trong nhng c gng t sm i vi vit lch b b
qua bi gio vin, bi ging, bn b v ng nghip. Nhng ngi
m c ni s ny s lm nhng vic cn thit mt cch ti thiu
vt qua vic hc trng, cao ng hay i hc, v s
rt vui mng b c vit vn pha sau lng, cho ti khi h
vo v tr m vit lch l cn thit, hoc h li pht trin mong
mun c vit lch. Ti hy vng l, trong nhng trang ny,
nhng ai m thy s hi s tm c ngha vt qua n, v
chng li c nhng iu thng nghe v nhng li nh gi ph
bnh cn thit i vi cng vic ca h, l mt phn rt quan
trng ca vit lch. R rng, thiu ht kinh nghim l mt chng
ngi ca vit lch, nhng nhng ai vit thng xuyn vn thiu
kinh nghim mt vi im, v n l mc tiu hng n ca

chng ny, v thc s l c cun sch, l vit lu lot. Trong


chng ny, ti hy vng c th chia s cch m ti lm. Tuy
nhin, khng phi tt c nhng g ti ni u c th dng c
cho bn v khng phi mi th u c tc dng vi bn, nhng
da trn nhng nguyn tc r rng, n c th tt cho vic lm th
no bn c th bt u c gng.
(3) Khng nm r quy trnh xut bn
Ging nh mi quy trnh khng quen thuc, quy trnh xut
bn c mt vi th tc v thut ng ring (th ting ring, nu
bn thch gi th). c mt vi th cng b mt cch hp l,
bn phi c mt nh xut bn, v h t bn mt mt mi lin h
vi nhiu ngi trong phm vi rng ln v cc vai tr bn khng
bao gi gp mt: bin tp, tng bin tp v bin tp vin sn
xut, ch l vi v d, v c th tip tc tm hiu Chng 11. Bn
s gp mt nhng thc th nh bn tho, cc bng chng, ng
v tc quyn v mt vi th lin quan mi c pht trin nh
xc nh danh tnh in t. Xut bn l mt ngnh cng nghip,
trong khi nh xut bn tp trung vo gip mi ngi xut bn v
lm cng vic xc thc s tham gia trong cng vic ny, cc cng
ty xut bn phi c li nhun, v ton b quy trnh t khi trnh
ti sn phm u c kim sot cht ch v lp li cc cng ty
xut bn khc nhau.
Tm hiu v qu trnh xut bn
Ti khng gi cho bn c tht c gng hc v cng vic
ngnh xut bn v nhng ngi lm vic trong ; hu ht s lin
lc ca bn s l vi mt bin tp v phn ln bn s ch cn lo
lng cho bn tho[manuscript] v bn tho cui cng [proof] ca
bn (phin bn bi bo m gn nh sn phm cui cng nhng
vn cn chnh sa). Bn s hc c kha cnh khc ca xut bn
v bn s c nhiu kinh nghim vit hn xut bn, v mc tiu
ca chng ny l gip bn thu c ci nhn tng quan hn
v n.
Vit bi ng bo nhng th c gi l tp ch khoa
hc l mt quy trnh k thut l ch yu. Mt cch tng th, n
khng ging nh vic vit lch sng to, v d nh vit mt cu

chuyn tp ch, mc d vit v k thut tt v vit lch c sc


sng to tt cng c mt s c im chung, Ch yu, bn nn
bit bn nn vit v ci g, v d v kt qu ca mt nghin cu,
mt kin v th g khin bn hng th hoc kch thch bn
hoc th g bn tng hi v bn khng c chuyn mn.
Kinh nghim ch c khi lm mt th g v lm mt th g
ch xut hin khi bn bt u. V vy, khi i mt vi nhng
chng ngi ca vic vit nhc n trn, mc ch ca
chng ny l gip bn c th bt u v vt qua nhng chng
ngi ny.

KHI NG
Khi ng ct yu vn ph thuc vo ng c ca bn vit,
v nhng ng c ny bao gm ng lc ca t bn thn, trch
nhim phi vit (e.g. nh tm kim mt u i v nghin cu)
hoc s i hi ca gii hn thi gian. l iu khng th ni
rng ci g l ng lc tt nht, bi v mi ngi l khc nhau v
mi ngi c cch phn ng khc nhau i vi cc ng c kia.
Tuy nhin, d cho nguyn nhn l g, thng thng s c mt giai
on iu chnh cc nhim v cho vic vit, v n thng bao
gm vic nhn chm chm vo mn hnh my tnh trng trn hoc
mt s ngi thy chng ta nhn vo khong khng.
Khi bn khi ng vit nhng g bn c, hy lm n mt
cch hiu qu, vt qua chng ngi ch yu: thiu ht thi gian.
Nhng lm th no vt qua? R rng bn phi xp ring mt
khong thi gian hoc c th l mn hoc nh cp thi gian
t mt vi hot ng khc. Nhng bao nhiu thi gian v bao
nhiu quy trnh bn cn lm?
Mt li thng thng, trong kinh nghim ca ti, l sp xp
ring mt ngy, mt tun hoc mt thng cho vic vit. Rt t
ngi c th chp nhn c cng vic vit hn mt gi hoc mt
khong thi gian nht nh, k c nhng ngi vit chuyn nghip
cng rt t khi vit c ngy. V vy, sp xp mt khong thi gian
ring qu di cho vic vit thng l ph phm thi gian vit l

mt cng vic kh khn nhng bn khng cn mt s ngh ngi


sau khi lm n; iu m bn cn l thay i v d dng nhn
thy l lm cho n ngn li, u n v thng xuyn i vi
cng vic vit vo ngy lm vic bnh thng ca bn. C th bn
thy bn khng c thi gian no trong ngy lm vic bnh thng;
tuy nhin, bn c chc rng bn lm vic vo tt c mi pht ca
tt c mi gi khi ni lm vic? Bn ngh th no v na gi
trc khi mi ngi ti v trc khi in thoi bt u reo? Bn
ngh th no v na gi cui ca ngy hoc ch l na gi cn
tha khi lm g dnh cho vit? Tng t nh vy khi nh
chng ta lun lun c cng vic c nhn bn rn nhng c nhng
khong thi gian ri trc khi i lm, sau khi v nh t ch lm
hoc trc khi i ng. Ti khng gi tt c nhng la chn
hoc la chn khc mt cch t m, n ch n thun l nhng
gi . u tin, c v nh bn c s tin b nh, nhng y l
ni cho 4 quy tc ca vic vit ng dng. Chng s l ci nt
tht cho bn v th t ch ng cho qu trnh khi ng.
2.1 4 quy tc cho vic vit
4 quy tc ca vic vit c pht biu y l ca ti, mc
d ti khng i hi l ngi u tin ngh ra chng, m cng
khng i hi quyn tc gi. Mt vi tc gi s din gii cch m
h vit trong mt series nhng gi hoc quy tc v mt vi ni
nhng iu tng t nh: tm kim nhanh trn Google i vi
the four rules of writing s xut hin mt series ca hits. Ti
ch cng nhn em kt hp vi nhau 4 im c bit ny v gn
nhn cho chng. Ti miu t chng nh nhng quy tc m
khng mong mun xut hin nh nhng gio iu; Chng khng
phi tt c nhng g bn cn vit nhng ti gi chng l quy
tc bi v n gin ti khng th hiu bng cch no, khi p
dng chng nh mt sch hng dn nh nht, bn chc chn c
th vit ra mt ci g .
Box 2.1 : 4 quy tc cho bi vic vit
(1) c cc hng dn ( c chng 5)
(2) t ra cc mc tiu v m s t
(3) Tm kim s ph bnh

(4) Sa cha nhng ch b t chi xem nh l s bt u ca s


chp nhn tip theo
Xin hy ch rng chng khng phi l quy tc vit tt
nhng mc d bn vit mt vi th, bn khng th vit tt; nhng
quy tc ny c bit th nht v th hai s gip bn in c
mt vi trang v c th bt u khi ng to cho cho n hnh
th. Mi ln bn vit v th g , bn c th ci thin cng vic,
v chng ta s tm hiu lm n nh th no. 4 quy tc ca vit
c gii thiu trong Box 2.1
(1) Quy tc s 1: c cc hng dn
Cc hng dn cho tc gi ca cc tp ch thng d dng
tm c trn cc website ca cc nh xut bn trn mng
internet v bn phi n nhng th lin quan n vn
di cho php ca mi bi bo, cc cch trnh by thng thng v
cc quy c cng cn phi c ch . Mt vi v d v cc hng
dn ph bin i vi tp ch v Y t c cung cp trong Box 2.2.
Cc kha cnh c bit ca cc hng dn s c nghin cu k
hn chng 5.
(2) t mc tiu v m s t
Khng c ngoi l, khi ti hi nhng ngi vit bi tt khc v
vn vit bi hoc nghe nhng ngi vit bi khc trnh bi v
k nng vit, h u gii thiu rng t mc tiu l mt bc ct
yu. Mt vi ngi vit chuyn nghip, nh cc nh vn vit tiu
thuyt thng thng, h c mt mc tiu to ln hng nghn ch
- nhng l nhng ngi rt giu kinh nghim trong vic vit
lch, h l nhng ngi c th dnh ton b thi gian v phu
thuc vo vic vit lch kim sng. H c th vit rt nhanh v
h s tm hiu k cng v nhng ch h vit, v m chm
hon ton cuc sng ca h vo . Hu ht chng ta khng
m chm vo cng vic vit ca chng ta theo cch ; trong
khi c th chng ta cng bn tm v n, chng ta c nhng th
khc nh cng vic lm sng, dy hc, nghin cu v gp g
lp y ngy lm vic ca chng ta. V th, ng dng nhng
tng gi trn v vic tranh th mt khong thi gian ngn

vit, chng ta nn t ra mt mc tiu ph hp ng vi bn


thn v c th t c.
Mc tiu c tnh cht c nhn v gi ca ti l bn hy lm
cho n tr nn hp l bn c th vit c g , nhng tng
lng khng nn qu ln hoc bn khng th t c. Mc tiu
ring ca ti l 500 ch mi ln ti ngi xung vit, thnh
thong c mt vi ngy c khong thi gian di hn nhng,
nhng nhng khong gin on u u v nhng khong thi
gian di vit l rt kh, cho nn tt nht l c mt mc tiu
cho mi ln bn c thi gian vit. Vi chng trong cun sch
s gip bn tp trung vo gii hn t v mt vi cch phn b
cc hot ng.
Box 2.2: Link n cc hng dn (cp nht n 10 72011)
International
Journal
of
Nursing
Studies:
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/
find/journaldescription.cws_home/266/authorinstructions
Journal
of
Advanced
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/
10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2648/homepage/ForAuthors.html

Nursing:

Journal of Clinical Nursing: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/


10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2702/homepage/ForAuthors.html
Nurse
Education
in
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journal
description.cws_home/623062/authorinstructions
Nurse
Education
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journalde
scription.cws_home/623061/authorinstructions

Practice:

Today:

Khi bn t c mc tiu Hy dng li!


cng l nhng g mt vi ngi hay vit ni, v tng
ca mc tiu m bn t ra phi bt ng, ta nh n l c tht:
khng cn thit phi vt qua chng khi bn t c chng.
Nguy him l, ngay c khi bn ang lm rt tt cng vic vit
lch, th bn s c gng tin xa hn vt qua mc tiu m bn
t ra v tht bi trong vic t c n; con ng ny s khin
cho bn kt thc trong s tht vng. Thnh thong, bn ngh rng
bn c th tip tc nhng hoc l bn tut mt tng hoc rt
kh khn trong vic din t chng, trong trng hp ny, iu cn
thit l dng li v lm vic g khc.
Box 2.3 Vit ra cc gch u dng
- t c mc tiu v dng
- m s t
- Lm th no in y trang trng
V d, khi ti ang vit chng ny, ti hon thnh c ht
phn trn cho n mc trn v cm thy ti c th tip tc.
Phn trn kt thc khi c khong 1500 t, tng ng vi 3
phin lm vic. Trn thc t, ti khng th tip tc v ti mt
v khng c thi gian; v th ti p dng mt k nng c ch khc.
Ti vit mt vi gch u dng cc tng chnh cho phn m
bn ang c on cui ca chng trn m ti vit. Tuy
nhin, bn cng c th s dng mt cun s nh cho vic ny v
bn c th tm thy mt vi th c ch em theo bn mnh nu
bn c iu g quan trng cn vit. Ti hiu ra rng cng vic
ny s hon thnh tt nu nh bn khng b tut mt tng, v
s to ra mt vi bc tin trong chng tip theo. iu quan
trng nht, l n cung cp cho bn dng chy tip tc khi
bn quay tr li vi phn tip theo khi vit; tt c nhng g bn
phi lm l x tht hoc trin khai nhng gch u dng chnh
v i lc n cung cp cho bn 500 t tip theo v quy trnh
tip tc.
m t

Ti lun lun m s t khi ti vit v, d nhin n tht d


dng vi cng c m t trong cc phn mm son tho. C 2 l
do khin cho m t l quan trng: tt c cc ti liu u phi
m bo trong quy nh v s t (thng thng 5000 t cho mt
bi bo c bn); v th, bn cn phi hiu lm th no tin
hnh. m t cng l khuyn khch, mi ln bn vit thm mt
cu khc th bn lm tng s lng t v bn c th theo di
tin trnh ny mt cch d dng. Cng vi s tng ln ca s t,
m s t r rng lm tng sc mnh cho s c gng ca bn;
m s t cng ni cho bn bit khi no th dng.
D nhin, i lc cc tng ca bn khng tri y ra trn
mn hnh; chng ta ri vo b tc v l th thc gic chng ta
lm cho mc tiu ngn li. ng b nghe theo li xi gic .
Li khuyn ca ti l hy ngh v pha trc ging nh li gii
thch trong chng tip theo. Cho cc bn bit mt thng tin, ti
t c 2005 t cho n cu cui cng v cng li mt i cc
tng li mt ln na ti li cc gch u dng, ti vit cho
cc bn cc thng tin trong box 2.3 v 2.4 v bn s nhn thy ti
s dng n cho phn tip theo. Trc khi c tip, bn c th s
mun th bi tp trong box 2.5.
-

Box 2.4 Nhiu gch u dng hn


ng ri vo b tc hy lm n phn tip theo
Vit cc gch u dng u tin
ng lo lng qu nhiu v vic bn ang vit ci g
Khng bao gi vit trn giy, ch vit trn mn hnh

Box 2.5 Ngay by gi hy vit 500 t


Hy chn mt ch m bn hiu mt cht v n; v d, t vic
thc hnh lm sng ca bn thn hoc vic dy hc m khng
c s tm dng, vit 500 t v n.
Lm th no in y trang trng
K th ca ngi vit l mt trang trng trn hay mt mn
hnh ti thui trong trng hp dng my tnh c nhn. B mt

c th in y mt trang l ng lo lng qu nhiu v nhng g


bn vit lc . Hy nh rng, bn c th sa li mt trang vit ti
nhng bn khng th sa li mt trang trng trn. V th, bt c
tng no lin quan n ch bn ang quan tm xut hin
trong u bn, hy ly n ra v g bt c lc no bn c th.
Thnh thong chng ta b tc, v chng ta khng bit vit g tip
theo. Li khuyn ca ti y l hy chuyn n ti phn tip
theo, hoc nu bi vit yu cu, sau y quay li mt phn v
kim tra xem c th g cn thit phi thm vo lm tng
thm s t.
N rt c ch, v c bit ph hp vi vit cc bi bo nghin
cu, nu bn g tt c cc mc bn s dng trong bn tho v
t mi th mt trang v tch ri chng bi mt cch trang, v
in m chng v vit hoa c th tm chng r rng. Mt b c
trng ca cc mc c lit k Box 2.6. Tuy nhin, bn nn
ch rng cc tp ch c hi khc nhau v mc ty theo yu
cu ca h, v v th, iu rt cn thit l bn phi kim tra cc
hng dn ring ca tp ch m bn mun ng bi. Trc khi tin
hnh, bn c th s mun th bi tp trong Box 2.7.
Box 2.6 Cc mc c trng ca bn tho
Title ( mc)
Abstract (tm tt)
Introduction ( gii thiu )
Background (c s tin hnh nghin cu)
Methods (phng php nghin cu)
Reusult (kt qu)
Discussion ( tho lun)
Box 2.7 Bi tp: to mt file v mc
Ti sao khng to mt file word ngay by gi v lu n li vi
mt nhn dnh ring, v d Bi xut bn cui cng [Lastest
Publication], v sau chn vo mt b cc mc, nh gi
trong trn, v sau bn s bt u bn tho u tin ca
mnh.

Mt vi tp ch quy nh cc mc cho nn bn khng pha


ngh v n, v hy nh rng, n khng cn thit hoc khn ngoan
khi khi ng ngay t ci u tin v lm vic theo th t nh
trn t u n cui. V d, bn c th c mt vi tng cho
phn tm tt v bn c th g ra, nhng n s tt hn nu bn
phn tm tt cho n cui cng sau khi bn hiu rng bn ang
tm tt ci g. Phn tm tt cng c th c tiu nh m cc tp
ch cung cp cho bn; nu khng, l mt tng tt cho vic
s dng mc nh cho phn tm tt chng s lun lun b
loi b trc khi c chp nhn. Thng thng, n s hnh
thnh b xng cho bi bo ca bn, vi nhng mc tm dn
ng cho bn, n cho mt ln ngi vit. Kh hn l c gng
in y trang trng ngay lp tc, c th khn ngoan hn khi
n li cho phin lm vic tip theo v sau bn c th bt u
mt cch nghim tc. Ti s tr li vn ci g nn xut hin
pha di mi tiu trn trong chng 5.
Mi khi bn khi ng, khi bn b tc, v chc chn bn s
nh vy mt im no , hy nhy sang mt phn khc v vit
nhng th lin quan n phn . Nh rng hy m s t v bn
s thy bn ang tin v pha trc, v d nhin, hy dng li khi
bn t c mc tiu. Lin quan n vn to tin cho vic
vit, c mt iu quan trng m bn hc c, nu bn cha lm
theo thi quen ny, l vic vit chnh xc trong mt phn mm
m s t.
Mt vi ng h bm gi, hoc nhng ngi vn cha
chuyn i sang s dng cng ngh, nhng tc gi c uy tn s
khng ng , v i lc cng lm cho ti thy mnh sai lm v
n. Nhng hy nhn vo li ch ca n: n ch l qu trnh g phm
n thun, v bn khng tm c thi gian g chp li cng
vic ca mnh vo my tnh (g vo t mt bn copy ca bn vit
tay). Lin quan n im cui cng, bn c th khng bao gi lm
c hoc tm c thi gian, v nu bn c gng lm n, g bn
sao chp l mt cng vic kh khn (Ti vn cha hon thnh bn
chp tay ca cun nht k m ti gi khi cn phc v trong First
Gulf War l nm 1990). Bn c th m s t v bt u bin

tp n trn mn hnh v bn c bn nhp thng trc; nhng


ng tr nn kh kho v n, hy lm mt bn sao lu ca tt c
cng vic ca bn. N c th thng qua vic trc tip sao lu
cng vic ca bn ln mt cng kt ni vi my tnh, hoc vo
mt USB. Hy chc chn rng tt c cc file ca bn c nh
nhn chnh xc trong h thng lu tr ca bn, v mi ln bn lu
li g phin bn thc v sao lu! Mt vi ngi trong chng ta
c dp nh vt vi vic tm kim phin bn chnh xc ca
nhng g chng ta vit bi v khng n chng, gy ra
nhng s c ch khi bn tng tng bn mt tt c nhng g bn
vit ngy hm trc, ch tm th bn gn nhn n nh
mt th g khc thay vo . Khi ng cho vic vit bao gm
nhiu hn vic ngh d nh; n cng bao gm nhiu cch thc
khc nhau trong cng vic c lin quan n vit, hoc trong mi
lin quan vi quy trnh lm vic vi my tnh.
Ti ang ni rng bn khng bao gi nn vit bt c ci g vo
mt bn tho hay mt mnh giy; ngc li, ti tm mt quyn s
nh hoc mt quyn tp ch m c th d dng t nhanh vo ti
du lch hay cp lm vic, rt hu ch cho vic ghi ch li cc
tng khi chng n vi ti trn tu v my bay, hay khi my tnh
xc tay ca ti khng sn sng.
V mt gi cui cng, nu bn c iu kin p dng n, hy
u t mt my tnh xch tay (hoc mt notebook in t) thc
s c ng nh v nh - m c th em theo mt cch d dng
trong hnh l xch tay. Khi bn tr nn bn rn hn, v khi bn
vit nhiu hn, bn s him khi c th ngi mt cch thoi mi
bn nh hoc phng lm vic vit. l mt thi quen tt
khi khng to dng mt ni hng th vit hoc cch vit
mi ni bn ang n, c bit khi ang i du lch. N s lp y
thi gian v lp y cc trang.
(3) Quy tc s 3: Tm kim s ph bnh
Mi ln bn vit trang nhp u tin, l lc bt u sp
xp li cng vic ca bn. Ngay c nhng ngi vit giu kinh
nghim cng him khi vit ng ngay ln u tin: mt vi s sa
cha v bin tp li phn vit ca bn l iu cn thit/ Cc im

chnh ca qu trnh m t pha trn s c mt vi th g


cn c bin tp li. Tuy nhin, hy tin chc rng bn vit cng
nhiu, bn s tr nn cng tt hn khi c gng vit ng qua mt
vi bn nhp.
Khng c gii hn no cho nhng g bn c th lm trong vic
t bin tp li bn nhp ca mnh. Bn c th phi kim tra li
nhng th n gin nh li chnh t; ng tin tng vo cng c
check li chnh t v ng php ca phn mm son tho (nhng
t nh net v ten thng d b g nhm vi nhau v khng
c nhn bit nh mt li). Mt khc, ng nghin cu k nhng
li din t m cng c son tho ch ra, nhiu ngi khng nh
th.
Hn na, kim tra ng php v cch din t ca cc cm t
v cu chc chn n din t ng ngha; th b cc t khng
cn thit (xem Chng 5) v ni chung chc chn rng bn ho
c sp xp c logic. C th s mt mt vi phin lm vic cho
qu trnh bin tp ny. Mi ln bn hon thnh cng vic bin tp
mt bn nhp, ng quay tr li vi im bt u v khi ng li
vi mt v tr tng t; thc s nn cng vic sang mt bn
v quay tr li n vo lc khc. Mi ln bn cm thy hnh phc
vi cng vic vit lch ca mnh v bin tp n th bn sn
sng cho bc quan trng tip theo, l a cho ai c.
l mt cch rn luyn thng minh tm kim s ph bnh cho
cng vic ca bn, v ngay c hu ht nhng ngi vit giu kinh
nghim cng lm vy. V l mt ngi bin tp nn rt d dng
bit c ai nhn nhng li khuyn trc khi np mt bi bo.
Chng 5 bn s nhn thy mt v d m nu cc tc gi lm
nh vy, h c th s ci thin c kh nng thnh cng ca h.
V n nhn nhng nh gi ph bnh
Khng bao gi l d dng tm kim c nhng li ph
bnh, hoc mt quan im, n lun lun km theo mt vi nguy
c. Chng ta u cn s gip cho vic vit lch v hu ht
chng ta u mun, nhng chng ta khng mun yu cu. Chng
ta s nhng li nhn xt tri chiu, nhng nu bn lun ghi nh
mt vi iu di y, iu s tr nn d dng hn vi bn, v

ging nh t bn thn vic vit lch, bn cng n nhn nhiu li


ph bnh, bn li cng d dng n nhn n, khi m bn tr
thnh mt ngi vit tt hn v hy i hi mt vi nhn xt tri
chiu v thay i.
Mt im tt cn ghi nh l, nu bn ang vit cng b (k
c n l mt bi bo hay mt chng sch), bn khng phi vit
n cho bn, bn ang vit cho mi ngi. Vi l do ny, cng
chng l ngi phn xt tt nht cho cng vic vit ca bn. V
th, mi ln bn vui mng vi bn nhp u tin ca bn, hy tm
mt ngi no c n; tt hn na, hy tm hn mt
ngi. S lng ti u trong mt ti l 2 ngi; n c th c li khi
c nhiu hn mt quan im nhng s c ch ny khng tr thnh
nm bom vi tht nhiu nh gi.
Ti nhn thy rng nhng bn ng nghip giu kinh nghim
vit lch v nhng ng nghip t kinh nghim vit lch c ch
nh nhau, nhng c mt vi l do khc nhau. Nhng ng nghip
giu kinh nghim thng gi n nhng tp ch ging nh bn
ang nhm vo v s bnh lun v nhng cu trc chung v cht
lng ca nhng l l, h cng c th c xem ging nh nhng
ngi bin tp v cc tp ch thng lm. Nhng ng nghip t
kinh nghim, v i khi nhng ngi khng lin quan n nhng
ch m bn ang vit, thng xuyn hi, lp li nhiu ln, n
c ngha l g? hoc nh du ra ngoi n khng din t ng
ngha, v thng xuyn soi ra nhng li nh m bn khng .
l gi tr ca tt c nhng li ph bnh.
Bn phi hc cch chp nhn nhng li ph bnh v khng
t i; nhng li ph bnh l v bn vit ca bn v khng phi v
bn. K c vi nhng nh gi ph nhn cng th, cui cng, s
l chp nhn nu chng c th gip bn tho ca bn c cng
b. Ghi nh trong u rng, nu bn khng thch nghi vi nhng
li ph bnh cp ny, bn s nhn n t nhng nh ph bnh
bn tho bn v t nhng ngi bin tp, vi kh nng s c kt
cc trm trng hn, thng thng l t chi bn tho ca bn.
Trong khi khng c bt k s m bo no cho vic chp nhn,
bn nn nhn thc rng hu ht nhng l do thng thng t

chi l mt bi vit ti t, v bn mun vt qua ro cn nu


bn c th v mun ni dung bn tho ca bn c c v
khng b t chi n c trnh by. Cng ging nh th, nu
bn yu cu ai ph bnh bi vit ca bn, bn phi t nguyn
lm iu ; c mi vi th bn s tr nn tt hn v nhanh hn
v bn thu c nhiu kinh nghim. Cui cng bn c th c nhiu
kinh nghim t tin tr thnh mt nh ph bnh cho tp ch
(chng 12).
Ai s c yu cu cho nhng nhn xt ph bnh?
Hy hi ai m bn thy tin tng: bn cn phi chc chn
rng bn ang i tm nhng li ph bnh v bi vit ca mnh v
khng phi bn; ng hi nhng ngi lun lun ph nhn l
s chuyn ch khng c li nu bn bit ai lun lun a ra
nhng phn hi ph nhn v n cng l tiu cc v khng c tnh
cht xy dng. Tuy nhin, ng n nhn nhng li ph bnh t
nhng ngi lun lun s phi a ra li ph bnh. V mt hnh
nh ngc li, loi ngi m tr li bn bn tho m khng c
mt gi no cho s thay i v lun lun khen ngi bn th cng
khng c ch. Bi vit ca bn rt him khi hon ho, v n lun
lun c c hi hon thin hn, ngya c i vi hu ht nhng
ngi vit giu kinh nghim. Rt him khi cc tc gi c chp
nhn mt bi vit m khng c s thay i no (xem chng 5).
(4) Quy tc s 4: Sa cha s loi b bt u cho ln
np tip theo
Quy tc s 4 ca vic vit lch l mt phn ct yu cho c
qu trnh c bit cho cc tp ch nghin cu: sa cha s loi
b bt u cho ln ng k tip theo. Nu nh bn tho ca
bn b t chi bi mt tp ch, sau khng c g c th ngn bn
np bi li ln na. Gn nh l ph bin trong mi trng hp,
bn quyn c gn cho nh xut bn ni m bn np bn tho
vo thi im bn np h s, nhng nu nh bn tho b t chi,
th sau bn quyn li gn tr li cho bn v bn khng c t
b n. (Gi li cc bi bo b t chi trong mt ngn ko m
khng lm g vi chng s khng c ch, thc s khng tt cho
bn m cng khng tt cho ngi bin tp, nhng ngi b

thi gian a ra nhng phn hi c tnh xy dng). N gip ch,


nh th m hiu c l do ca s t chi, c th tp trung
vo bc tip theo (xem Chng 5).
L do ca s t chi
Cc l do thng thng ca vic t chi mt bn tho l mt
bn vit ti, v n c th xy ra nu bn tho ca bn tng b
t chi vi l do ny. Nu bn tun tho quy tc th 3 ca vit lch
(tm kim li ph bnh), bn c th gim thiu c l do ny cho
s t chi, nhng khng phi l mt bo m. Tuy nhin, nu
bn thy c v bn tho ca bn l mt bn vit tt, sau n b
t chi bi mt vi l do khc, v nhng iu ny s c nhc
n chi tit trong chng 5.
Tuy nhin, n l iu quan trng nh gi ng, v cc tp
ch thng xuyn c rt nhiu p lc v gii hn khng gian cho
cc bi bo m h c th s xut bn trong mt k hoc mt tp
san ( s ca cc k quy nh trong nm).
Cc tp ch c thit lp km thng nhn t bn tho
thng c xu hng nh, v hn na, thng c t khng gian
xut bn bi bo. Kt qu l h c th s t c bit n hn.
Mt khc, cc tp ch c thit lp tt thng rt ph bin, m
h cng ln hn v xut bn thng xuyn hn, thng nhn
c s bn tho vt qu khng gian c th (xem chng 5). V
d, khi ti cn l mt bin tp ca tp ch Journal of Clinical
Nursing, chng ti nhn c s bn tho nhiu hn gn 3 ln so
vi s lng chng ti c th xut bn mt nm; i vi cc tp
ch nh BMJ (British Medical Journal), con s l xp x 10 ln.
Khi iu xy ra, nu tp ch tip tc chp nhn phn ln cc
bn tho , sau cc tc gi tip tc ch i trong mt khong
thi gian di, i khi l hng nm, trc khi bi bo c xut bn
(di dng giy), v thng tin trong mt i tnh cp nht khi
c xut bn. Tuy nhin, s ra i ca np bi in t cng c
ngha l, ngay lp tc bn in th ca bi bo c chnh sa
chnh xc, bi bo c th c xut bn dng in t trn trang
web ca tp ch trc khi c xut bn bng phin bn bn in
giy. V d v mt vi bi vit di dng bo [article in press]

(Nurse Education in Practice Elsevier) v xem trc [early view]


(Journal of Advanced Nursing Willey Blackwell).
V th, iu tit s lng ln cc bn tho ng k, mt
hnh ng duy nht m cc nh bin tp ca tp ch c th lm l
t chi nhiu bn tho tng tc ca vic xut bn v lm
cho ni dung c thng sut. iu cng lm tng cht lng
cc bi bo ca tp ch v bin tp sau c th chn ra cc bn
tho c lin quan nhiu hn ti tp ch m c cht lng cao nht.
V th, bn tho ca bn c th b t chi bi v n khng gy n
tng vi bin tp khi ng k, hc n c gi i nh gi,
mt vi li ph bnh ca nhng ngi nh gi c v nh chnh l
kt qu cho li t chi (xem chng 11 v 12). Nu nh bn tho
c gi ra ngoi nh gi, v sau n c gi tr li vi
mt vi phn hi cung cp l do t chi, bn nn quan tm
n n v nghin cu phn hi ny khi c th trong qu trnh
ng k bt k u.
Qu trnh ca vic ng k bn tho, nh gi v t chi hoc
chp nhn bn tho xut bn khng phi mt quy trnh khoa
hc; mi bc, cc c nhn c lin quan v tt c h u c
i hi phi rn luyn chuyn mn ca h v c phn on c
nhn. V th khng c bt k cch no m bo t c vic
xut bn v d on trc nhng nhn xt bn c th nhn c.
Tuy nhin, bn s c c chng 11 v 12, bin tp ca mt
vi tp ch c nhng du hiu kin quyt - nhng g phi lm khi
xc nh bn cht ca nhng phn hi ti tc gi. Nhng phn hi
thiu tnh xy dng khng hu ch cho bt k ai mi vit hoc p
t tc gi, v vai tr ca n l m bo rng cc tc gi khng
dng vic vit lch trc khi thc s bt u.

QUY TRNH CA QU TRNH XUT BN


tr thnh mt ngi vit thnh cng, bn nn hiu v quy
trnh ca vic xut bn. Nu bn lm th, bn s hiu ci g s
xy ra vi bn tho ca bn v bn s tr nn tt hn khi trnh
by bn tho ca mnh lm tng c hi c xut bn.

Mc tiu v phm vi ca tp ch
Nhiu hn vic c cc hng dn ca cc tp ch, bn nn
nghin c u rng hn v tm hiu v mc tiu v phm vi ca tp
ch m bn nh ng k np bi. Nhng th s ni cho bn tp
ch nh th no, l nh xut bn v i ng bin tp, xem
tp ch ca h v mc ch ca n [tp ch] lin quan n cc loi
bi bo m n [tp ch] mun xut bn. Mc tiu ca tp ch
thng c xu hng nh nhau trong mt vi t nh tr nn quc
t ha, trao i cc quan im[exchanging view], thc y hc
thut, v vn vn, nhng bn cn phi chc chn v nhng g bn
ang quan tm ti, v phm vi ca n s ni cho bn, v d, nu
nh tp ch xut bn tt c cc loi nghin cu; v d gi s n
chp nhn cc bi bo trong lnh vc sn v hu ht cc chuyn
mn v sc khe khc nh y t. Nu nh bn cn c bt k nghi
ng no, hy lin lc th t vi vn phng tp ch. V v d v
mc tiu v phm vi ( sa i s s y) ca hai tp ch (Journal
of Clinical Nursing v Nurse Education in Practice), xem Box 2.8;
bn c nhn thy nhng s khc nhau nh th no v bn c th
trn mc tiu cng nh phm vi ca nhng mc khng? Nu
cn hoi nghi hy kim tra trn tp ch online.
Box 2.8 Mc tiu v phm vi ca tp ch
Journal 1
The journal is an international, peer-reviewed, scientific journal
that seeks to promote the development and exchange of
knowledge that is directly relevant to all spheres of nursing and
midwifery practice. The primary aim is to promote a high
standard of clinically related scholarship that supports the
practice and discipline of nursing. The journal publishes highquality manuscripts on issues related to clinical nursing,
regardless of where care is provided. This includes but is not
limited to ambulatory care, community care, family care,
home, hospital, practice, primary and secondary and public
health.
The journal also aims to promote the international exchange of
ideas and experience that draws from the different cultures in
which practice takes place. Further, the journal seeks to enrich

insight into clinical need and the implications for nursing


intervention and models of service delivery. An emphasis is
placed on promoting critical debate on the art and science of
nursing practice.
The journal endeavours to attract a wide readership that
embraces experienced clinical nurses, student nurses and those
who support, inform and investigate nursing practice. The
development of clinical practice and the changing patterns of
inter-professional working are also central to the journals scope
of interest. As such, contributions are welcomed from other
health professions on issues that have a direct impact on
nursing practice.
Journal 2
The journal enables lecturers and practitioners to both share
and disseminate evidence that demonstrates the actual practice
of education as it is experienced in the realities of their
respective work environments, that is, both in the
university/faculty and clinical settings. It is supportive of new
authors and is at the forefront in publishing individual and
collaborative manuscripts that demonstrate the link between
education and practice.
Nursing is a discipline that is grounded in its practice origins
nurse educators utilise research-based evidence to promote
good practice in education in all its fields. A strength of this
journal is that it seeks to promote the development of a body of
evidence to underpin the foundation of nurse education
practice, as well as promoting and publishing education-focused
manuscripts from other healthcare professions that have the
same underpinning philosophy.
Case studies and innovative developments that demonstrate
how nursing and healthcare educators teach and facilitate
learning, together with reflection and action that seeks to
transform their professional practice, will be promoted.
The opportunity to stimulate debate is encouraged as is the
promotion of evidence-based nursing education internationally.

Cc bin tp v Ban bin tp


Tt c cc tp ch u c nhng ngi ny; c th l ngi
ng u bin tp, i khi gi l bin tp vin hoc tng bin tp,
ph thuc vo cch m tp ch t chc. K c nhng bin tp vin
ca cun sch ny, ging nh cc tc gi ca chng ny, chnh
xc l nhng bin tp vin ca cc tp ch quc t. Bin tp vin/
tng bin tp l ngi c thu bi cc nh xut bn vn
hnh tp ch t ngy sang ngy, vi cc nh xut bn, l thit
lp cc chnh sch v hot ng ca tp ch. Cc bin tp vin
thng thit lp [mi quan h vi] cc hc gi trong lnh vc ca
h. Cc bin tp vin hu ht l ngi thng xut hin c trong
nc v quc t; h tham d cc hi ngh quan trng trong lnh
vc ca h v s tht tt nu nh bn c th to mi lin lc vi
h. H cng thng c nhng bi din thuyt tp ch ca h,
hoc cc workshop [hi tho nh] v cch lm sao ng k
ng bi trn tp ch ca h. Nu nh bn c c hi, tham d
nhng bui v s thu c nhiu hiu bit hn na v cch tp
ch ca h hot ng v nhng loi bi nghin cu no s c
chp nhn. Cng vic ca cc bin tp v nh xut bn s c
gii thch r chng 11.
Ch s nh hng (Impact Factor)
S tng ln v s lng ca cc tp ch c mt ch s nh hng,
l mt thc o s thng xuyn c trch dn bi cc tc gi
khc i vi cc bi nghin cu c ng trn tp ch trn cc
tp ch khc, cng tng t nh vy, n c mt ch s trch dn.
H thng chnh c a ra bi Thomson Reuters.
Ch s nh hng c s tranh ci v s khng c tho lun di
y, nhng trong mt chng mc, cc nh xut bn nh gi s
thnh cng ca tp ch ca h bng ch s nh hng, nh l c
mt bng xp hng hng nm ca tp ch bng ch s tc ng
mt bng u, nu nh bn thch gi nh vy. V th, bt k bn
nhn nhn th no v ch s nh hng, bn nn nhn ra rng
nhng th l quan trng i vi bin tp v nh xut bn, v
bi nghin cu no dng nh c th gip cho tp ch tng ch s
nh hng ca n th s dng nh, nhng khng c ngha l

chc chn, s d c xut bn hn. Cng c h thng khc


theo di s ln trch dn, v Scopus, l h thng c a ra bi
Elsevier, s dng mt cng c gi l SCImago tnh ton ch s
nh hng ring.
Ci g lm tng ch s nh hng?
Cc nh xut bn d dng nhn thy nhng bi nghin cu no
lm tng ch s nh hng ca h v h nghin cu phn trnh
by ca tng b phn trong bi nghin cu v loi ca bn tho
theo tng nm mt, v chia s nhng thng tin ny vi cc bin
tp ca h. Cc bn tho ch yu ng gp cho ch s nh hng
u l bn tho tng quan [review]. Nhng bi ny lun lun ng
vai tr quan trng i vi tp ch bi v bt k ai khi nghin cu
mt lnh vc no cng u b ht vo cc bn tho tng quan
(gm c nhan Systematic [phn tch h thng] v Literature
Review [tng quan ti liu n thun]); nhng th ny c bit
c yu thch bi cc nghin cu ca sinh vin, l nhng ngi
thch trch dn cc bi tng quan ph hp trong lun vn v cc
bi ng bo c lin quan n n. Nhng sinh vin ny cng
chun b sn mt tp hp d liu cc ti liu tham kho m h c
th s dng nh mt ngun nguyn liu cho nghin cu ca mnh.
Thm vo , tm quan trng v s ph bin ca cc bn tho
tng quan c tng ln vi s ra i ca thc hnh da trn
bng chng v phng php sng lc tng quan k lng. V vy,
nu nh bn ng k mt bi tng quan vi mt tp ch, bn
lm tng kh nng c xut bn ca mnh. V d v mt bn
tho c lng trch dn cao t tp ch Journal of Clinical Nursing,
c th xem Ross (2006) v Shields et al. (2006).
Nhng loi bn tho khc m c bit rng c lm tng ch s
trch dn v thng c l do ging nh i vi bn tho tng
quan u tp trung vo nghin cu v phng php, v d nh
Rattray v Jones (2007). Nhng bn tho ny c th xem xt li
cch s dng cc phng php, hoc h a ra bn tho v p
dng mt phng php mi hoc gii thiu mt phng php mi.
Cc loi bn tho bn lun [suy lun] c bit n c th lm
tng ch s nh hng v n thng tr thnh bt ngot trong

lnh vc ca h, mt v d kh tt v c ch s trch dn cao y


l Paley (2001). Cui cng, ngoi nhng nhm k ra trn l
nhng bn tho ch linh tinh khc m c th s c ch s trch
dn cao, v cc l do cho n th rt kh nhm li; thng thng
n l nhng bn tho c cht lng rt cao c a ra bi nhng
vin nghin cu cao cp, nhng khng phi lun lun l vy.
Thng thng, h tp trung vo cc xu hng ang pht trin
trong lnh vc hoc khu vc c u tin bi chnh ph hoc t
chc nghin cu.
iu g xy ra tip theo?
c xem nh c s khi u v cc vn cn xem xt
trong qu trnh thit lp hnh trnh vit ca bn, bn c th hi
ci g s xy ra tip theo? Nh bn nhn ra, tt c mi ng k
khng c kt qu l s chp nhn. Tuy nhin, nhiu ngi cm n
mt k hoch v li ch ca chin lc vit tt, v n l s khi
u cho tin trnh khc l chnh sa bn tho cui cng nhm
trnh by theo cc tiu chun m bin tp vin mong i trc khi
n c gi i ch bn. Qu trnh xut bn c khi qut
chng 11. Ti hy vng rng chng ny c ch bn bt u
tri nghim vit ng bi xut bn, v c t tin have a go
vo th g hoc tr thnh mt kinh nghim c nhn b ch v
chuyn nghip.

Ti liu tham kho:


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Rattray, J. & Jones, M.C. (2007) Essential elements of


questionnaire design and development. Journal of Clinical Nursing,
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