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Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

NGHIN CU NH HNG CA TRO TRU V PH GIA


SIU DO TI TNH CHT CA H, VA V B TNG
ThS. Ng Vn Ton
Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng
Tm tt: ch to b tng cht lng cao, vn phi gii quyt l bo m hn hp b tng c tnh
cng tc tt v c t l N/X thp, nhng li c ch to vi lng dng xi mng va phi v lng nc nho
trn nh. Bi bo ny trnh by nhng kt qu nghin cu ban u v vic s dng ph gia siu do trn c s
Naphthalene v tro tru ch to b tng c t l N/X t 0,3 0,45. nh hng ca hai loi ph gia ni trn
n do tiu chun v thi gian ng kt ca h xi mng c nghin cu vi cc lng dng ph gia khc
nhau. i vi va, nghin cu s pht trin cng theo thi gian c ph gia tro tru, nh hng ca ph
gia siu do v tro tru ti cng v kh nng chng thm nc ca b tng cng c nghin cu. Kt
qu nghin cu cho thy s phi hp gia ph gia siu do v tro tru nng cao ng k cht lng ca
va v b tng. iu ny gp phn quan trng trong vic pht trin v ng dng ca hai loi ph gia ny trong
ch to b tng cht lng cao.
Abstract: In the production of high quality concrete, the problem to be solved is guaranteeing good
workability and low ratio water/cement of the mixture, but the cement rate is suitable and using little water. This
article reports initial results of the use of super plasticizer additives basing on Naphthalene and rice husk ash to
produce concrete with watercement ratio from 0.3 to 0.45. These effects of additives to the standard
workability point and hardening time of mortar were investigated at different quantity of additives. For mortar, the
gain of strength in time depending on rice husk ash, the influence of super plasticizer additives and rice husk
ash to waterproofing capacity of concrete were studied. The result shows that the combination between super
plasticizer and husk ash has improved considerably the quality of mortar and concrete. This is important for the
development and application of these additives in the production of high quality concrete.
1. Yu cu thc t ca vic s dng tro tru v ph gia siu do ch to b tng
T l nc/ xi mng (N/X) l mt trong nhng yu t chnh quyt nh cht lng ca b tng. B tng c t
l N/X cng thp cht lng cng cao, vi iu kin l khi to hnh hn hp b tng phi c ln cht.
B tng cht lng cao c sn xut vi t l N/X<0,4, thp hn so vi b tng thng dng. Trong cng
ngh b tng, ch to hn hp b tng c t l N/X thp m vn m bo cho hn hp b tng c lu
ng cao th bin php bt buc l s dng cc loi ph gia siu do.
Mt khc, gim lng dng xi mng v c bit l nhm ci thin mt s tnh cht khc ca hn hp b
tng v b tng khi ch to b tng cht lng cao ngoi xi mng, nc, ct liu, ph gia siu do ngi ta
cn s dng thm mt thnh phn khc l cc loi ph gia khong c hot tnh cao.
Tru l mt trong nhng thi phm c khi lng rt ln trong sn xut nng nghip. Do tr lng tru thi
ra hng nm rt ln, hn na tru l loi vt liu c khi lng th tch nh (khong 0,1 tn/m3) nn cn phi
tn mt din tch rt ln cha loi ph thi ny, vic vn chuyn tru i xa x l l khng kinh t.
Cc cng trnh nghin cu 1,2 cho thy trong tro tru c mt hm lng SiO2 rt cao (86,9 97,3%).
Hm lng SiO2 ny trong tro tru tng ng hm lng SiO2 trong mui xyt silic, khi t tru trong
nhng iu kin thch hp s thu c tro tru c xp rt ln v cha ch yu l xyt SiO2 di dng v
nh hnh, do cc ht tro c cu trc rng, t din tch b mt ln v hm lng SiO2 v nh hnh cao nn tro
tru c hot tnh puzlan rt cao. Trong bng phn loi cc cht thi c hot tnh puzlan ca c quan xi
mng v b tng Chu u RILEM 3 th tro tru c lit vo loi vt liu c hot tnh cao tng ng mui
xyt silic. Khc vi mui xyt silic, lng SiO2 trong tro tru c th ti hi v hng nm mt lng tru khc li
c sn xut ra. Do c th ni ngun nguyn liu sn xut tro tru lm ph gia cho b tng cht lng
cao hu nh khng cn kit. S pht trin lu bn bo v mi trng v ngun ti nguyn thin nhin l mt
vn cp thit hin nay ca nhn loi. Tn dng tru, mt ph thi nng nghip c khi lng rt ln, lm
nguyn liu ch to b tng chnh l cng ngh theo hng pht trin lu bn v em hiu qu kinh t cao.

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Nh vy, nghin cu s dng tro tru kt hp vi ph gia siu do ch to b tng cht lng cao l c
c s khoa hc v c ngha thc tin ln i vi Vit Nam.
2. Phng php nghin cu
Trong nghin cu s dng cc phng php th nghim c l ca h, va v b tng theo TCVN,
14TCN 65-20028.cc ch tiu v khi lng ring trng thi bo ha bn trong, kh b mt, ht nc
ca ct v dm c xc nh theo cc tiu chun ca M nh ASTM C128-97 v C127-88 4,5.
Ngoi ra s dng mt s phng php nghin cu phi tiu chun nh:
- Phng php phn tch thnh phn ht bng thit b Lazer xc nh mn ca xi mng v tro tru;
- Phng php nhiu x Rnghen xc nh mc kt tinh ca tro tru;
- Phng php o h s thm nc ca b tng.
3. Mt s kt qu nghin cu v tho lun
3.1 Mc tiu nghin cu:
Minh chng kh nng ch to b tng cht lng cao bng vic kt hp s dng ph gia siu do v tro
tru.
3.2. Nguyn vt liu s dng
3.2.1. Nguyn vt liu s dng cho cc th nghim vi h v va:
Xi mng: c nghin t hn hp clanhke (nh my xi mng Bm Sn) v 5% thch cao trong my nghin
bi rung vi khi lng bi nghin v thi gian nghin nht nh t c mn tnh bng lng st trn
sng 80m l 4%. Kt qu phn tch thnh phn ht c trnh by bng 1
Tro tru: Tro tru c chun b bng cch t tru, sau khi t tro tru c nghin mn bng my nghin
bi rung chn ng trong thi gian 30 pht. Tro tru c em i th nghim kt qu thnh phn ht, thnh phn
ha ca tro tru c trnh by tng ng trn bng 1,2 v mt s tnh cht k thut ca tro tru c nu
trong hnh 1, bng 3.
Bng 1. Kt qu phn tch thnh phn ht bng thit b LS Particle Size Analyzer 3.00.40

Tro tru

Th tch (%) cc c ht c kch thc ht < D


ng knh ht D, (m)

10

25

50

75

90

1.883

3.438

8.404

26.08

73.21

Kch thc ht trung bnh, (m)

8.404

T din tch b mt,(cm /ml)

13.980

Xi mng

Th tch (%) cc c ht c kch thc ht < D


ng knh ht D, (m)

10

25

50

75

90

3.459

8.272

16.47

32.69

68.48

Kch thc ht trung bnh, (m)

16.47

T din tch b mt,(cm2/ml)

9.333

Bng 2. Thnh phn ho ca tro tru


SiO2

Fe2O3

Al2O3

CaO

Na2O

K2O

MgO

MKN

86,98

0,73

0,84

1,40

0,11

2,46

0,57

5,14

Bng 3. Mt s tnh cht k thut ca tro tru


Khi lng th tch
(kg/m3)

Khi lng ring


(g/cm3)

Kch thc ht
trung bnh (m)

ht vi
(mg/g)

Ch s hot tnh vi
xi mng, (%)

0,7

2,2

< 10

300

95

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Hnh 1. Biu nhiu x Rnghen XDR ca tro tru


Ph gia siu do: Trong nghin cu ny s dng ph gia siu do c tn thng phm Mighty-100 ca
hng Kao, Nht Bn. y l loi ph gia siu do naphthalene dng bt, mu nu, khi lng ring 1,2 g/cm3.
Ct: Ct dng trong cc th nghim v va l loi ct tiu chun.
Nc: Nc dng trn h, va v b tng l nc my.
3.2.2. Nguyn vt liu s dng cho cc th nghim vi b tng
Xi mng: Xi mng poc lng PCB40 Nghi Sn; Khi lng ring 3,1g/cm3; mn (lng st trn sng
80m) 6,0 %; Cng chu nn, un tui 28 ngy 48 MPa; 5,9 MPa.
Ct: Ct vng s dng trong nghin cu c ngun gc t Vit Tr c phi kh sng loi b cc ht
trn 5mm. Thnh phn ht v tnh cht c l ca ct vng c nu trong cc bng 4
Bng 4. Thnh phn ht v tnh cht c l ca ct vng Vit Tr
Kch thc mt sng, mm

2,5

1,25

0,63

0,315

0,14

Lng st tch lu, (%)

7,8

20,9

55,6

88,9

100

Khi lng ring, g/cm .

2,60
3

Khi lng th tch trng thi ln cht o, (T/m )

1,75

ht nc, (%)

1,0

m ( sau phi kh t nhin ),%

0,04

M un ln

2,73

Ct liu ln: Ct liu ln s dng trong nghin cu l dm c Dmax 20 c sn xut t m bazan


Ha Thch Sn Ty. Mt s tnh cht c l ca dm c trnh by trong bng 5.
Bng 5. Mt s tnh cht c l ca dm
C ht 5-10
Kch thc mt sng, (mm)
Lng st trn sng, (%)
Khi lng ring trng thi kh k, (g/cm3)

C ht 10-20

10

10

20

100

100

2,94

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Khi lng th tch trng thi bo ha trong, kh mt SSD,


(g/cm3)

2,90

Khi lng th tch trng thi ln cht o, (T/m3)

1,736

1,770

ht nc, (%)

0,6

m ( sau phi kh t nhin ), %

0,05

Cng gc, (MPa)

170

Cc loi ph gia tro tru v ph gia siu do, nc s dng cng loi vi h v va.
3.3 Kt qu th nghim
3.3.1 Kt qu th nghim vi h v va
a) do tiu chun ca h xi mng: phi hp tro tru vi xi mng theo cc t l khc nhau kt qu
nghin cu c trnh by trong bng 6.
Bng 6. do tiu chun ca h xi mng c v khng c tro tru
Tro tru, (%)

Xi mng, (%)

Xi mng, (g)

Tro tru, (g)

Nc, (g)

N/CKD, (%)

100

500

130

26

95

475

25

135

27

10

90

450

50

143

28,6

15

85

425

75

151

30,2

20

80

400

100

156

31,2

30

70

350

150

163

32,6

40

60

300

200

220

44

50

50

250

250

235

47

60

40

200

300

255

51

b) Thi gian ng kt ca h xi mng: Thi gian ng kt ca h xi mng c v khng c tro tru c th


nghim t h xi mng c do tiu chun xc nh mc a. Kt qu th nghim c trnh by bng 7.
Bng 7. Thi gian ng kt ca h xi mng
Tro tru

Xi mng

N/CKD

Thi gian ng kt (min)

(%)

(%)

(%)

Bt u

Kt thc

100

26

85

180

95

27

80

205

10

90

28,6

77

235

15

85

30,2

75

250

20

80

31,2

70

270

30

70

32,6

68

310

40

60

44

62

340

50

50

47

64

355

60

40

51

66

380

c) nh hng ca tro tru v ph gia siu do ti cng ca va xi mng: Mu va c s dng


khun c kch thc 4x4x16cm, thnh phn v cng ca va xi mng c v khng c tro tru c trnh
by bng 8, 9, 10, 11.

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Bng 8. Thnh phn va c cng bt 105-110mm


Xi mng

Tro tru

Ct

Nc

bt

N/CKD

(%)

(g)

(%)

(g)

(g)

(g)

(mm)

100

450

1350

194

107

0,43

23

95

427

1350

203

105

0,45

10

45

90

405

1350

207

106

0,46

15

68

85

382

1350

216

109

0,48

20

90

80

360

1350

225

106

0,50

30

135

70

315

1350

239

108

0,51

40

180

60

270

1350

257

107

0,55

50

225

50

225

1350

270

110

0,60

60

270

40

180

1350

293

110

0,65

Bng 9. Thnh phn va c cng t l N/CKD=0,5


Xi mng

Tro tru

SD

Ct

Nc

N/CKD

bt

(%)

(g)

(%)

(g)

(%)

(g)

(g)

(g)

(mm)

100

450

1350

225

0,5

130

22,5

95

427,5

1350

225

0,5

126

10

45

90

405

0,3

1,4

1350

225

0,5

134

15

67,5

85

382,5

0,34

1,5

1350

225

0,5

135

20

90

80

360

0,35

1,6

1350

225

0,5

132

30

135

70

315

0,4

1,8

1350

225

0,5

133

40

180

60

270

0,5

2,3

1350

225

0,5

133

50

225

50

225

0,7

3,2

1350

225

0,5

130

60

270

40

180

0,9

4,1

1350

225

0,5

131

Bng 10. Cng va c cng bt 105-110mm, t l N/CKD bt k


bt

N/CKD

(mm)

Cng chu un, (daN/cm2)

Cng chu nn, (daN/cm2)

7 ngy

28 ngy

60 ngy

7 ngy

28 ngy

60 ngy

107

0,43

52,6

62,1

68,9

350

463

546

105

0,45

53,3

64,6

71,3

360

471

550

106

0,46

55,6

65,4

72,5

365

477

560

109

0,48

54,3

60,9

70,8

349

462

535

106

0,50

47,1

59,4

64,9

307

450

511

108

0,51

41,3

53,9

58,8

260

401

480

107

0,55

36,2

50,8

55,9

232

350

439

110

0,60

33,1

45,3

51,1

197

310

398

110

0,65

29,2

37,1

45,9

165

280

327

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Bng 11. Cng va c cng t l N/CKD=0,5 v bt nh nhau


bt

Cng chu un, (daN/cm )

N/CKD

(mm)

Cng chu nn, (daN/cm )

7 ngy

28 ngy

60 ngy

7 ngy

28 ngy

60 ngy

130

0,5

41,4

50,2

55,7

271

325

399

126

0,5

42,4

55,6

60

280

396

439

134

0,5

43,6

57,3

62,2

282

415

449

135

0,5

46,8

58,9

64,1

300

428

477

132

0,5

47,9

61,7

65

310

453

516

133

0,5

43

60,4

66,1

297

427

504

133

0,5

41,3

53,9

61,1

289

388

469

130

0,5

39,8

51,4

57,2

268

340

421

131

0,5

38

49,5

54,9

260

311

352

3.3.2 Kt qu th nghim vi b tng


a) nh hng ca tro tru v ph gia siu do ti cng ca b tng cht lng cao: i vi b tng
cht lng cao t l N/X phi nh hn 0,4. Trong ti la chon cc t l N/X l 0,4; 0,35 v 0,3 nghin
cu nh hng ca ph gia siu do v tro tru ti cng ca b tng cht lng cao. Mu b c s
dng khun c kch thc 10x10x10cm, thnh phn v cng ca b tng c trnh by bng 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17
Bng 12. Thnh phn b tng vi t l N/X=0,3
Cp phi cho 1 m3
CKD=500 kg/m3 ; N/CKD=0,3; =1,6
TT

, (kg)
10-20

Nc,
(kg)

st,
(mm)

KLTT ohh,
(T/m3)

344

752

164

155

2,526

755

336

735

164

195

2,476

425

751

334

731

164

165

2,455

100

400

746

332

726

164

175

2,427

125

375

706

314

688

164

200

2,362

Tro
tru,
(%)

SD,
(%)

Tro tru,
(kg)

XM,
(kg)

Ct,
(kg)

5-10

1,41

500

774

10

1,03

50

450

15

1,08

75

20

1,15

25

1,42

Bng 13. Cng chu nn ca b tng c t l N/X=0,3


TT

N/CKD

Cng chu nn, (daN/cm2)

CKD,
(kg)

XM,
(%)

Tro tru,
(%)

1 ngy

3 ngy

7 ngy

28 ngy

0,3

500

100

275

484

703

806

0,3

500

90

10

286

557

737

926

0,3

500

85

15

307

627

807

968

0,3

500

80

20

320

632

827

980

0,3

500

75

25

323

645

968

1017

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Bng 14. Thnh phn b tng vi t l N/X=0,35


Cp phi cho 1 m3
3

CKD=500 kg/m ; N/CKD=0,35; =1,6


TT

Tro
tru,
(%)

SD,
(%)

Tro tru,
(kg)

XM,
(kg)

Ct,
(kg)

0,9

500

10

0,66

50

15

0,9

20

25

, (kg)

Nc,
(kg)

st,
(mm)

KLTT ohh,
3
(T/m )

5-10

10-20

743

331

725

189

200

2,476

450

729

325

709

189

210

2,459

75

425

724

323

705

188

205

2,442

0,9

100

400

719

320

700

188

190

2,428

0,91

125

375

715

318

695

188

185

2,416

Bng 15. Cng chu nn ca b tng c t l N/X=0,35


TT

N/CKD

CKD,
(kg)

XM,
(%)

Cng chu nn, (daN/cm )

Tro tru,
(%)

1 ngy

3 ngy

7 ngy

28 ngy

0,35

500

100

237

479

623

745

0,35

500

90

10

267

495

676

878

0,35

500

85

15

273

512

715

886

0,35

500

80

20

277

537

757

915

0,35

500

75

25

285

575

782

965

Bng 16. Thnh phn b tng vi t l N/X=0,4


Cp phi cho 1m3
CKD=450 kg/m3 ; N/CKD=0,4; =1,7
TT

Tro
tru,
(%)

SD,
(%)

Tro tru,
(kg)

XM,
(kg)

Ct,
(kg)

1,03

450

10

0,65

45

15

0,85

20

25

, (kg)

Nc,
(kg)

st,
(mm)

KLTT ohh,
(T/m3)

5-10

10-20

807

328

684

194

155

2,456

405

795

323

674

194

170

2,435

67,5

382,5

788

320

668

194

165

2,426

0,92

90

360

784

318

665

194

170

2,418

0,96

112,5

337,5

779

317

661

194

155

2,405

Bng 17. Cng chu nn ca b tng c t l N/X=0,4


TT

N/CKD

Cng chu nn, (daN/cm )

CKD,
(kg)

XM,
(%)

Tro tru,
(%)

1 ngy

3 ngy

7 ngy

28 ngy

0,4

450

100

129

300

487

596

0,4

450

90

10

172

356

570

754

0,4

450

85

15

185

357

623

843

0,4

450

80

20

188

366

630

853

0,4

450

75

25

211

435

677

858

b) nh hng ca tro tru v ph gia siu do ti kh nng chng thm ca b tng: c nh gi thng
qua h s thm DArcy ca mu b tng c v khng c ph gia. H s thm c xc nh trn thit b o
thm nc t ng do Italia sn xut. cc mu b tng c kch thc 10x10x10cm, c c t hn hp b

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

tng c t l N/X=0,55. Sau khi dng h 7 ngy, mu c em i th chng thm. Mi cp phi s dng 3
vin mu trn mt ln th, sau khi th chng thm mu c em nn xc nh cng . Thnh phn, kt
qu h s thm v cng nn ca b tng c trnh by trn bng 18, 19.
Bng 18. Thnh phn b tng cu cc mu th h s thm DArcy
K hiu

Nc,
(kg)

Ct,
(kg)

5-10

10-20

0,93

164

751

334

350

207

838

297,5

207

823

Tro tru,
(kg)

XM,
(kg)

SD, (%)

CT1

75

425

CT2

CT3

52,5

, (kg)

N/CKD

st,
(mm)

731

0,3

165

340

711

0,55

50

334

698

0,55

40

Bng 19. H s thm nc v cng chu nn ca b tng


K hiu

Tro tru,
(%)

CKD,
(kg)

SD,
(%)

N/CKD

Ct,
(kg)

dm 520, (kg)

K, (m/s)

Rn**,
(daN/cm2)

CT1-1

15

500

0,93

0,3

751

1065

873

CT1-2

15

500

0,93

0,3

751

1065

813

CT1-3

15

500

0,93

0,3

751

1065

825

0*

837

Trung bnh
CT2-1
CT2-2
CT2-3

0
0
0

350

350

350

0,55
0,55
0,55

838
838
838

1051

12,1x10-12

335

1051

-12

340

1051

Trung bnh

10,5x10

-12

8,9x10

340

10,5x10-12

338

-12

CT3-1

15

350

0,55

823

1032

2,8x10

425

CT3-2

15

350

0,55

823

1032

1,6x10-12

435

CT3-3

15

350

0,55

823

1032

2,8x10-12

430

-12

430

Trung bnh
Ghi ch:

2,4x10

* Mu th nghim CT1 c thc hin tui 7 ngy, di p lc 27,5 atmtphe trong thi gian 14
ngy khng c nc thm qua.
** Mu th nghim c nn tui 14 ngy, ring cp phi CT1 nn tui 21 ngy.

3.3.3. Nhn xt kt qu th nghim


a) H xi mng:
Phi hp tro tru vi xi mng th do tiu chun ca h xi mng tng ln theo t l thun theo hm
lng tro tru. Tuy nhin hm lng tro tru <30% th do ca h xi mng tng ln khng nhiu, ch khi
lng tro tru t 40% tr ln th s tng do ca h c s t bin. Nh vy, khi s dng trong va v b
tng, tro tru s lm tng lng nc nho trn cn thit t mt lu ng cho trc. Do mun tng
cng ca va hoc b tng, pht huy tc dng hot tnh cao ca tro tru th phi s dng ph gia siu do
trit tiu nh hng nhc im ca tro tru.
i vi clanhke ca Nh my xi mng Bm Sn, vic s dng tro tru lm ph gia cho va v b tng vi
hm lng 60% s khng gy tr ngi cho cng tc thi cng.
b) Va xi mng:
S dng tro tru ch c li v mt cng khi kt hp vi ph gia siu do. Khi khng c ph gia siu do
th ch nn s dng tro tru vi hm lng <20%.
c) B tng cht lng cao:

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Khi gim t l N/X bng cch s dng ph gia siu do, cng ca b tng i chng tng mt cch
ng k. Vi t l N/X=0,4; 0,35 v 0,3 cng ca cc mu b tng 10x10x10cm 28 ngy tui t mc
600, 700 v 800 daN/cm2. Khi thay th mt phn xi mng bng tro tru, cng ca tt c cc mu b tng
ti tt c cc ngy tui, vi hm lng tro tru t 10% n 25%, khng nhng khng gim m u cao hn cao
hn so vi cc mu i chng c cng t l N/CKD. Hn na khi thay th mt phn xi mng bng tro tru v
gi nguyn t l N/CKD, cng ca b tng tng ln theo hm lng tro tru thay th. Kt qu ny cng
ph hp vi kt qu th nghim cng va.
Khi hn hp b tng c t l N/CKD cng thp th tro tru a vo nn gii hn mc < 25%. i vi b
tng thng dng c t l N/CKD > 0,4 th khng cn thit phi s dng ph gia siu do, m ch cn s dng
ph gia tng do thng thng. Khi c th tng hm lng tro tru trong cht kt dnh.
B tng tro tru c s pht trin cng nhanh hn so vi b tng i chng, thm ch sau mt ngy
dng h cng ca b tng tro tru vn cao hn cng b tng i chng. y l im khc bit ca
tro tru so vi cc ph gia khong thng thng khc nh tro bay, Puzlan, x l cao Khi s dng cc ph
gia khong hot tnh thay th mt phn xi mng th cng ca b tng c ph gia bao gi cng thp hn
cng ca b tng i chng nhng ngy u ng rn, ch t khong > 28 ngy b tng c ph gia mi
c cng bng hoc cao hn so vi b tng i chng. Nguyn nhn l do hot tnh ca cc loi ph gia
ny thp hn ca tro tru.
Tro tru lm gim ng k rng mao qun trong b tng, bin cc rnh mao qun h, thng nhau
thnh cc mao qun kn, hoc gim kch thc ca cc mao qun ny n kch thc ca cc l rng gel, lm
gim h s thm DArcy v tng cng cho b tng.
4. Kt lun v kin ngh
a) i vi h xi mng:
Do cu trc xp v t din tch b mt ln ca cc ht, tro tru lm tng do tiu chun ca h xi mng
khi s dng lm ph gia khong hot tnh trong xi mng. Lng dng ph gia a vo cng nhiu, do tiu
chun ca h xi mng cng tng, nht l khi hm lng tro tru trn 40%.
Tro tru rt ngn thi gian bt u ng kt v ko di thi gian ng kt ca h xi mng. Nhng hm
lng tro tru n 60% xi mng tro tru vn t cc yu cu v thi gian ng kt theo tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 6017: 19957.
b) i vi va xi mng:
Tro tru lm tng lng nc nho trn cn thit va xi mng tro tru t tnh cng tc nh va i
chng. Tng t, gi nguyn t l N/CKD, lng ph gia siu do cng tng ln khi tng hm lng tro
tru trong cht kt dnh. Ch nn s dng tro tru vi hm lng < 30%, v trn gii hn ny lng nc tiu
chun ca va xi mng tro tru tng t bin.
Cng ca va xi mng tro tru bng hoc cao hn cht t so vi cng va i chng c cng
bt khi hm lng tro tru < 15%, v thp hn khi hm lng ny vt qu 15%.
Khi phi hp vi ph gia siu do, tro tru lm tng ng k cng ca va xi mng tro tru c cng t
l N/CKD nh va xi mng i chng. Lng tro tru c th tng ln n 60% m khng lm gim cng
so vi mu i chng. tuy nhin khi cn phi tng lng ph gia siu do mt cch tng ng.
c) i vi b tng:
Khi thay th mt phn xi mng bng tro tru v phi hp vi ph gia siu do, cng ca b tng tro
tru cao hn so vi b tng i chng. Vi t l N/CKD = 0,3 v hm lng tro tru 25%, c th t c
cng 1000 daN/cm2 28 ngy.
B tng tro tru c tc pht trin cng nhanh hn b tng i chng.
Tro tru lm gim h s thm nc ca b tng 5 ln so vi b tng i chng c t l N/CKD = 0,55. Khi
phi hp s dng vi ph gia siu do v gim t l N/CKD cn 0,3 th b tng tro tru hon ton khng thm
nc sau 14 ngy di p sut nc 27,5 atm.

Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng s 3+4/2013

Da trn kt qu nghin cu thc nghim c th kin ngh xut phng hng nghin cu tip theo
nh sau:
- So snh mc nh hng ca hai yu t vi ct liu v yu t hot tnh puzlanic ca ph gia tro tru.
- Bng phng php quy hoch thc nghim nghin cu, tm ra lng dng ph gia tro tru v ph gia siu
do mt cch c hiu qu nht cho cc t l N/CKD v lng dng cht kt dnh khc nhau.
- Nghin cu kh nng chng xm thc (chng n mn sunpht, n mn ct thp do ion clo, n mn kim
ct liu) ca b tng khi s dng hai loi ph gia trn.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Mehta, P.K., Rice husk ash-a unique supplementary cementing material, in: Advances in Concrete Technology, (Ed.
V.M. Malhotra), Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, Ottawa, 1994, pp.419-444.
2. Houston, D.F., Rice Hulls, Rice Chemistry and Technology, (Ed.D.F.Houston), American Association of Cereal
Chemists, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1972, pp. 301-352.
3.

Final Report of RILEM TC 73-SBC, Siliceous by-products for use in concrete, J. Materials and Structures, Vol. 21,
o

N 121, 1988, pp.69-80.


4.

C128-97 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.

5.

C127-88 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate.

6.

TCVN 6016: 1995 Xi mng Phng php th xc nh bn

7.

TCVN 6017: 1995 Xi mng Phng php th xc nh thi gian ng kt v n nh.

8.

14TCN 65-2002 B tng Phng php th xc nh h s thm nc.

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