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CHAPTER 1 MOBILE CRANES: types, main components and terminology CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 7 MOBILE CRANES ‘Types, Main Components and Terminology v a PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION © 9 QUADRANTS OF OPERATION ee a LOAD CHARTS Basic Terms and Conditions 83 6 LOAD CHARTS. Ao Determining Main Boom Capacities a LOAD CHARTS eS Determining Main Boom Capacities with Jibs or Boom Extensions Installed 2 LOAD CHARTS Aco) Determining Jib and Boom Extension Capacities B FACTORS THAT REDUCE = RATED CAPACITY PRE-LIFT CONSIDERATIONS a 2 AND SET-UP ze OPERATING uc) PROCEDURES eS APPENDIX 273, "4.1 BASIC TYPES AND CONFIGURATIONS The evolution of the mobile crane has led to many types and designs to satisfy both the general as well as the specific needs of construction and industrial operations. This manual is concerned with mobile cranes used for construction purposes as well as industrial | applications. The basic operational characteristics of all mobile cranes are essentially the same. They include: | * Adjustable boom lengths * Adjustable boom angles : * Ability to lift and lower loads * Ability to swing loads * Ability to travel about the jobsite under their | ‘own power. | Within the broad category of mobile cranes there have evolved the following basic types , and configurations: + Boom Trucks * Industrial Cranes : * Carrier-Mounted Lattice Boom Cranes * Crawler-Mounted Lattice Boom Cranes * Carrier-Mounted Telescopic Boom Cranes * Crawler-Mounted Telescopic Boom Cranes + Rough Terrain Cranes Mobile Tower Cranes + Heavy Lift Mobile Cranes. 4.2 BOOM TRUCKS Tlescopin Boom Section eo TELESCOPING BOOM 800m sections are usually tlascoped either ‘manually or hydraulically Boom Elevating or Lift Cyinder Commercial Tuck Chassis Roar Stabilzers <= KNUCKLE B0OM The boom articulates (olds) under hydraulie pressure and ‘may oF may not be equipped with a powered drum and wire rope. Commercial Tuck Chassis ——»' SE Unlike all other mobiles, these cranes are mounted on carriers not designed solely for crane service. They are mounted on a com- mercial truck chassis that has been specially strengthened to accept the crane. They are, however, a type of mobile crane with respect- able capacity and boom length Included in this basic type of machine are two ‘common configurations. 0 << Base or Hes! Section Turret Pedestal Front Stablizors Knuckle Boom or Antiovlating Boom SS ycraule Cylinders Swing Circle = — turet or Pedestal 6 + Stabiizers & ‘These cranes are primarily intended for operation in industrial locations where working surfaces are significantly better than those found on most construction sites. Although these cranes will not be analyzed specifically, their characteristics are basically identical to those of telescopic boom mobiles, which are covered in detail Telescopic Boom Sections = Base Hes!) Section Elevating or Ne 380° Swing ab 5 * > PICK AND CARRY Paral or - \A mm, mee | “i caer Rear Stor or Front and ear Seer Equioped Front and Rear Steer ae Pome CARRY DECK — ROTATING BOOM CARRY DECK — FIXED BOOM 5 1.4 CARRIER-MOUNTED LATTICE BOOM CRANES This “truck type” carrier must not be confused with the ordinary commercial truck chassis. It is specially designed for crane service and the heavy loads these cranes are required to withstand. Carrier-mounted cranes are also commonly referred to as “Truck Cranes”, “Conventional Cranes”, "Friction Cranes”, “Mobile Cranes”, ‘Boom Heador Tip Section et ‘Boom Head or Tip Sheaves Auxiliary or Whip Line Headache Ball —»4 || > sonia np eee tenses earnest INN oats AN NS aay ins \ ipereanet ats) above the swing circle. It oes nat include the carrie. Lattice Boom Inserts or Sections — Boom Pendants (Stays) |= Boom Holst Reeving Boom Stops ar Backstops Counterweight ‘Swing Ciele, Ring Gear, Roler Path or Turntable # = Carrer Heel, Base, Butt or Boom Foot Section >) Center Pn, Center of Rotation, Axis of Rotation | ‘Mic. Point (ntermedtate) Suspension, (Wocassary when raising very Jong booms off the ground. They prevent the boom rom sagging stb Mast, Strut or Gant excessively) ty sib Backstay Pendants Bal Equalizer or Brae ‘(e+ vib Forestay Pendants ‘Aweliary, Jib or Whip Line 1.4 CONTINUED Machine Deck (houses hoist machinery) The entire rotating structure of the crane above the ‘ning circle is called the Uuppenworks, upper, superstructure or revolving superstructure i Equalizer, Ze Bridle, Outer Ball or Front Bumper Outrigger Pad, Floating Harness Counterweight Outrigger Beam Float, Pontocn or Hames Gantry or ‘A Frame. Backhitch AlLawices, or Lacings ee Outrigger Box The square ame ee at each end of a boom Pe Comecten inserts commeniy refered to 03 the picture ame "4.5 CRAWLER-MOUNTED LATTICE BOOM CRANES Except for their base and method of load rating, the upperworks of these machines are identical to the carrier-mounted units of «fo Forestay Pendant or Forestay Detlctor (olen) Sheave Equalizer or Outor Bail —e Boom Hoist Reeving Carbody, Tuck Frame Lower Frame, Axle Track Shoe 3S gy+— sib Tip Sheave fr erie tine SS ‘or Overnau/ Bal slo Tip Section > ste mia Section sib Hee! Section -Bo0m Tip Sheaves (Head Sheaves) LUppenworks or superstructure refers to the entire crane Structure above the swing circle. Ring Gear, Tumtable, Swing Circle Itustration shows a unit with traction shaft and chain dive but hydrostatic track drive systoms aro also avaiable, Track Carrer Roller Tread Sprocket or Traction Shaft Side Frame Drive Sprocket Support Rollers lib He0k& Hoadache Ball 4.6 CARRIER-MOUNTED TELESCOPIC BOOM CRANES These machines are also mounted on specially designed carriers. They can be equipped with a variety of jibs and boom extensions which can be stowed on or under the heel section of 1 #3 Power Telescoping the main boom (see page 15, Sect. 1.8). Section or Pinned Section Main Hoist Line ‘A Frame Jib sib Forestay Pendent \ a yes sib Mast or Gantry eu” ‘Main Hook or Hook Block + ub Backstay Pendant Pon headache Ball Section Removable Boom Extension ‘Main Boom Tip Sheave: Be Main Boom Tip hance + sib Line (wip Line) Hoel, Base, or | fe ren toiserine fea ee ze Main Hoist ‘Main Hook or Hook Block \ 820m Host Lit yndrs—e} \ ZA Hoist s+ Telescopic Jib A" Frame so ub Pendant : S Auxiliary Hook & Headache Ball #1 Power Telescoping Counterweight ter Pin, Center of Rotation, Axis of Rotation -e+ 800m Foot Pins, Hinge Pins tt 00m Extension Tip Sheave Dotlecton Sheave Lutfing jb can be raised or lowered independendy ~ ofthe boom. In this ease the crans's ‘aurilary winch —“isusedas the jis holst. \ sib Forestay Pendant slp Mast or Gantry vib Backstay Pendant 10 Carrier-mounted telescopic boom cranes are subdivided by the type of head section (boom tip section) they are equipped with. FULL POWER BOOMS PINNED BOOMS: (On “pinned booms", the end (tip ory) ‘section ie either ‘On fll power hydraulic booms the end section (tip ory extends ‘through is ful) range as the whole boom extonde or tly extended atallimes. ts \— iength cannot be varied with the total ‘boom length These sections extend and retract lunder power through their ull range. 1.7 CRAWLER-MOUNTED TELESCOPIC BOOM CRANES ‘The upperworks of these cranes are identical to the carrier-mounted telescopic boom units Their bases and the method used to load rate them differ, however. Boom Extension Main Hoist Line Main Hoist Auxiliary Hoist Counterweight Telescoping Bcom Sections Crawler Tracks Carbody, Truck Frame Base, Hest, or Foot Section "-4-Canter Pin, Center of Rotation, Axis of Rotation 12 The rough terrain crane’s oversized tires facilitate movement across the rough terrain of construction sites and other broken ground. Their short wheel base and crab-steering improve maneuverability. In “pick and carry” operations on rough terrain, however, they are still subject to the same operating restrictions that apply to other cranes, Like carrier-mounted telescopic boom cranes, rough terrain units are available with either ful Power booms or pinned booms and the same types of jibs and boom extensions. There are two basic configurations, FIXED CAB Counterweight Outrigger Pads, Floats, Pontoons —»\ purer frame 13 1.8 CONTINUED ROTATING CAB Boom Extension in rat ‘Stowed Position ° Main Winch S Aur Wir * Counterweight —=P ‘Boom Holst or Litt Cylinders Operator's Cab Rotates with Uppenworks Engine “On Carrier Outrigger Box Pads, Floats, Pontoons ——=C ~ outrigger Beam “A Frame Jin Stowed Position Operator's Cab Rotates at ith Upperwvorks Engine Cantilever Type Outriggers 1.8 CONTINUED Like the carrier-mounted telescopic boom cranes, rough terrain cranes can be equipped with either full power booms or pinned booms as well as with a variety of ibs and boom extensions which can also be stowed on or Under the heel section of the main boom. Boom Extension Mounted = "A" Frame sib Stowed —_>\ Position Boom Extension in Stowed Position Boom Extension & ‘A Frame Join ‘Stowed Position YY 15 1.9 MOBILE TOWER CRANES ‘Some manufacturers of carrier-mounted lattice boom cranes offer optional tower attachments for their machines. ‘Boom Pendants Gantries or Struts J-——— roweror ast (On some cranes a heavy duty Boom . with Special tp ‘is used for the tower, | | Standerd Carter Base ~ Either Crawier-Mounted or Carrer Mounted =e Q 4.10 HEAVY LIFT MOBILE CRANES These cranes combine the best features of derricks and lattice boom mobile cranes. Typically they use very large extended counter- weights, masts and often roller rings that move . the boom’s fulcrum and the crane’s tipping axis further away from the center of gravity. Pendants Equalizer or Brie Boom Hoist Reeving ~ Equalizer or Brito Boom Hoist n Reoving —» ff | Mast Counterweight Pendants —» Boom Counterweight Countermeight Roller Ring & Supports . Beam Carrier

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