PHN LOI CC LOI SN THEO LNH VC S DNG

I. SN KIN TRC XY DNG: (ARCHITECTURAL COATING) [4].[5]

Gc nc (Emulsion paints)
Gc dung mi (Decorative Paints)
H thng sn:
-

Sn lt (Primers)

Sn m (Undercoats)

Sn ph (Finish coat = Top coats)

- Sn bnh xt (Aerosol. Finishes)

B mt sn:
-

Tng va xy, ximng, b tng, thch cao v.v...

Kim loi

- G xy dng
Nguyn liu chnh
-

Gc nc:
+ Acrylic Emulsion cc loi theo yu cu (cht to mng)
+ Cht ph gia: phn tn, thm t, ph bt lm c, keo t, n nh pH,
cht bo qun trong bao b cha, cht chng ru mc v.v...
+ Bt mu: TiO2, Rutile + Paste mu
+ Bt n: CaCO3, Silica
+ Dung mi: H2O, Propylen Glycol

Gc dung mi:
+ Cht to mng: Nha Alkyd bo, trung bnh + cht lm kh
+ Dung mi: White Spirit
+ Bt mu + n: TiO2, bt mu v c, bt mu hu c, CaCO3
+ Ph gia: Phn tn, chng lng, chng loang chy, chng loang mu,
chng nhn mng, chng ru mc (nu cn)

Sn bnh xt gc dung mi:

+ Cht to mng: Nha Alkyd gy, kh nhanh
+ Dung mi: Toluen
+ Bt mu + n + ph gia: Ging nh sn Alkyd ni trn

[4] MT S CNG THC IN HNH: SN NC XY DNG TRONG NH

(INTERIOR) V NGOI TRI (EXTERIOR)

S
TT
I

II

III

IV

Sn nc trong nh
(Kg)
M
Bng

Hng mc nguyn liu

CHT TO MNG
1. PVA Acrylic Emulsion (55% NV)
2. Acrylic 100% hoc Acrylic Styren
DUNG MI + COSOLVENT
1. H2O
2. Propylen Glycol (cht thm t)
BT MU V BT N
1. TiO2 (in hnh)
2. CaCO3/ Talc
3. MiCa
4. Silica
5. Cc loi Paste mu ( pha mu)
CC CHT PH GIA
1. Cht lm c Cellulose Thickener (dd 3%)
2. Wetting Agen Cht thm t
3. Cht phn tn dispersant
4. Cht ph bt Defoamer
5. Cht chng thi Preservative in can
6. Cht chng ru mc Fungicide
7. Cht lm m Silica
8. Cht keo t Coalescent
9. Cht iu chnh pH (NH4OH: 22%)
CNG
Cc ch tiu k thut quan trng ca sn;
1. T trng (Kg/lt)
2. nht Stormer (K.W.)
3. Trng lng cht rn (%)
4. Th tch cht rn (%)
5. P.V.C (%)
6. bng (60 o - %)

Sn nc ngoi
tri (Kg)
M
Bng

308.5
-

616.70
-

583.0

650.0

333.0
30.0

198.96
30.00

175.4
30.0

146.5
60.0

300.0
200.0
75.0
-

350.00
100.00
-

350.0
40.0
50.0

300.0
-

150.0
2.5
3.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
2.5
1419.0
(1000lt)

101.00
9.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
15.00
2.00
1395.56
(1000lt)

100.0
9.5
1.0
0.3
0.3
15.0
2.0
1357.5
(1000lt)

100.0
3.0
3.0
0.5
0.5
20.0
1.0
1284.5
(1000lt)

1.492
75 85
52.5
38.0
57.0
-

1.395
70 75
55.30
38.70
32.20
20 25

1.357
75 80
52.20
35.70
33.70
-

1.285
63 67
46.60
32.80
24.10
-

MT S CNG THC IN HNH: SN TRANG TR XY DNG GC DUNG MI

(TRONG NH/NGOI TRI)
S
T
T
I

II

III

IV

Hng mc nguyn liu

CHT TO MNG
1. Nha Alkyd bo (70%)
2. Nha Alkyd trung bnh (60%)
3. Nha Alkyd gy kh t nhin
(50%)
4. Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB)100%
DUNG MI
1. H2O
2. Methanol
3. Butanol
4. White Spirit
5. Toluen
BT MU & BT N
1. Fe2O3
2. Crmmat km
3. TiO2
4. CaCO3
5. Talc hoc Baryte (BaSO4)
6. Clay
CHT PH GIA
1. Cht phn tn lecithin 50%
2. Cht c ch n mn H3PO4 81%
3. Cht chng lng
4. Cht chng nhn Antiskin 25%
5. Cht lm kh Cobalt (6%)
6. Cht lm kh ch (24%)
7. Cht lm kh Calci (6%)

Sn lt (Primer)
Washin Chng
g
r

Sn m
(Undercoa
t)

Sn ph
bng
(Topcoat)

Sn xt
bnh
(Aerosol)

100kg

420kg
-

150kg
80
-

695kg
-

245kg
-

12
570
130
-

(3)
229.8
-

180
-

93
-

307.1

100
-

200
200
150
-

380
400
100

350
-

250
130
150
-

12
-

6
(6)
10
2.5
12.0
5.0

8
4
8
2.5
12.0
5.5

4
5
5
2.5
14.0
6.0

16.2
5.5
5.0
2.5
3.0
3.0

CNG
V

CC THNG S K THUT CHNH

1. nht Stomer/ chn s 4 KV/giy
2. PVC (%)
3. Trng lng vn (%)
4. Th tch rn (%)

924kg/
1000lt

1304kg
/100lt

1529kg/
1000lt

1204.5kg/
1000lt

1317.3kg/
1000lt

40 45
21.6
21.6
21.6

70-78
34.5
67.0
48.0

73-78
51.8
77.0
56.3

65-68
15.6
70.2
55.9

25-30
45.9
57.2
35.7

II. SN BO V CHNG N MN (HEAVYDUTY PROTECTIVE COATING)

[4]. [5]
1. i tng bo v v yu cu chnh:

My thit b cng nghip ng ng nh my v cng trnh xy dng tu bin

v dn khoan du kh khai thc m my pht in k ngh ht nhn .v.v...

B mt cn bo v: St, thp, b tng v cc vt liu kt cu khc.

Tc nhn xm thc: nc, ha cht, thi tit, mi trng bin

Yu cu v cht lng: bo v b mt chng mi trng xm thc n mn, mu sc

lp ph trang tr cn thch hp vi mi trng.
2. H thng sn bo v chng n mn:

Thng gm 3 lp: Sn lt Sn m Sn ph

Chiu dy tng cng cc lp sn: ti thiu: 250 m - 300 m

Ti a: 1500 m - 3000 m
(C bit: 4000-6000 m vi sn chu lc)
3. Nguyn liu chnh:
a. Cht to mng:

Dng Lacquer: PetroResin Coaltar Cao su Clo ha Acrylic Vinyl Clorua

Copolymer Polyvinyl Clorua

Dng ng rn kh t nhin: Epoxy Coaltar Epoxy 2 thnh phn PU 2

thnh phn.

Dng v c (thng dng cho lp sn lt thu ng ha: Silicat kim loi kim
Na, K Ethyl Silicat gc dung mi v H2O)
b. Dung mi: Xylen, Toluen, Ketone, Acetate, Butanol, Izo Propanol .v.v...
c. Bt mu:

Bt mu v c, th ng ha: Phospht km, km bt, oxitst, , en v.v

Bt mu hu c: Phtalocyanine dng v l cy, cc bt mu hu c cht

lng cao bn vi cc iu kin xm thc ca mi trng nh: nh sng, thi
tit, ha cht, nhit v.v
d. Cc cht ph gia:

Phn tn chng lng c ch n mn chng chy (sagging)

Chng loang mu (Floating - Flooding) chng bt
Cht ph gia b mt (Surfactant) cht chng tia t ngoi v.v..

III. CC LOI SN TU BIN (THE PAINTING OF SHIP) [5]

1. i tng bo v v cc yu cu chnh:
Tng t nh yu cu sn bo v chng n mn xm thc i vi dn khoan du kh ch
thay i iu kin l c th sn bo dng li sau tng thi gian khai thc t 12 thng, ph
bin 30-36 thng, c bit: 5 nm.
-

Phn v tu (Ship/ hull) bao gm:

y tu (Bottom): chng n mn nc bin, chng bm bn: rong ru

Mn nc v mn kh (Bootop, Topsides): chng n mn nc bin, trang tr,

theo mu sc tiu chun quc t RAL chu c nc bin v bn thi tit.

Sn tu l thin: chng n mn nc bin trang tr theo mu RAL, chu c

ma st, mi mn, chu nc bin v bn thi tit.

Boong tu l thin: (Supper structures - Exterior) chng n mn kh quyn

bin, bn mu.
Ghi ch: Phn y v mn di sn li khi tu vo trin theo thi hn s dng ca
sn chng h. Cc phn khc ca v tu c th sn dm vi bt k thi gin no khi
mng sn b h hng.

Cc phn khc ca tu: nh hm hng, kt nc, tank cha ha cht, xng du, ng
ng chu nhit, bung my, bung v.v yu cu bo v v trang tr cc loi sn theo
cc hng mc bo v chuyn dng trong sn cng nghip.

2. H thng sn tu bin: (ch yu cho phn v tu cc phn khc: tng t nh h

thng sn bo v)
a. Sn lt b mt st thp sau khi x l (washing Primer or shop Primer)
b. Sn lt chng r
c. Sn m
d. Sn ph trang tr hoc chng h cho phn y tu
e. Chiu dy tng cng cc lp sn yu cu mc : 250-300 m
3. Nguyn liu chnh:
a. Cht to mng: Alkyd, CaosuClo ha, Vinyl, Acrylic lacquer, Epoxy, PU, Silicon
(chu nhit)
b. Bt mu: Bt km, bt nhm, phophat km, oxit st, oxit km, bt chng h.
c. Dung mi: White spirit, xylen, MEK, MIBK, Acetate (ging sn bo v)
d. Ph gia: ging nh sn bo v.
4. Ghi ch: Mt s cng thc tham kho chnh cho: Shop Primer, cc b phn v tu.

MT S CNG THC IN HNH:

SN MN KH BOONG NGOI MN NC (V TU)
- I T GC NHA EPOXY 2 THNH PHN [5] - PU 2 THNH PHN [15]
S
T Hng mc nguyn liu
T

Sn Epoxy 2 TP
Sn lt
Sn ph
HB

Sn PU 2 TP
Sn lt

Sn m

Sn ph

A SN GC
BT:
1. Fe2O3
2. Talc
3. Silica crystal
4. Phosphat km
5. Sikron F500 (bt n)
6. TiO2
7. Al paste
8. Micaceous Miox A/S
9. Oxide Crm Green GN M
NHA:
1. Epoxy rn Epikot 1001
2. Acrylic polyol A 160 (60%)
DUNG MI:
1. Xylene
2. Solvesso 100 (Naphtha)
3. Cellosolve (Ethylen Glycol
Mono Ethyl ether)
4. MIBK
5. Butanol - normal
PH GIA:
1. Cht xc tin Epoxy K54
2. Cht chng lng Benton
3. Cht chng lng Aerosil
4. Cht chng tan BYK 141
5. Cht chng bt
6. Cht chng t ngoi

B Cht
ng
rn
Epoxy
Versamide 115
Cht ng rn PU N75
Trn A/B

5% TLng

22.0
18.0
-

7.65%TLng

17.5%TLng

1.61%TLng

12.24
12.24
10.86
-

16.0
-

23.0
-

32.50

28.6

14.0
/10

/7.0
16.5
-

13.6
-

18.43
-

5.0

8.0
3.0

2.0
-

/1.0
/0.5
-

0.59
-

0.42
0.45
-

0.49
0.36
0.36
-

/80

/11.0

82/18

81/19

/10.32
89.68/10.32

30%TLng

3.72
24.02

7.19
13.05
8.72
43.15
12.63

/6.86
/13.44
93.24 / 6.86 86.66/13.44

MT S CNG THC IN HNH:

SN MN NC SN MN KH + BOONG NGOI TRI

I T GC NHA CAO SU CLO HA (1 THNH PHN) [5]

ST
T

Hng mc nguyn liu

CHT TO MNG
1. Caosu Clo ha R10
2. Cht ha do parafine Clo ha 70 (Cerechlor 70)
3. Cht ha do parafine Clo ha 40 (Cerechlor 42)
BT MU + BT N
1. TiO2
2. ZnO
3. Al paste (non leafing - chm)65% trong Naphtha
4. Blancfixe (BaSO4)
DUNG MI
1. Solvesso 100 (Naphtha)
2. Xylen
3. Butanol n
CHT PH GIA
1. Cht lm bn Caosu Clo ha Propylen Oxide
2. Cht lu bin (Thixotropic Agent)
3. Cht chng lng (Benton 38) (Thixo)
TNG CNG
Chiu dy mng kh 1 lp

Sn lt
(% T.lng)

Sn m
(% T.lng)

Sn ph
(% T.lng)

15.0
7.5
7.5

14.0
7.0
7.0

16.0
12.0
4.0

1.0
20.0
10.0

16.0
1.0
14.0

18.0
1.0
20.

10.0
28.4
-

10.0
29.9
-

15.0
30.4
0.5

0.1
0.5
100.0
50 m

0.1
1.0
100.0
100 m

0.1
1.0
100.0
50 m

MT S CNG THC IN HNH

SN Y TU: SN LT CHNG N MN SN PH CHNG H
Sn lt
Epoxy 2tp
(%TL)

Sn chng h
9-12 thng
loi ha tan
(%TL)

Sn chng h
24-30 thng
loi tip xc
(% TL)

11/A
25/B
2.5/B
-

30.0
6.0
5.0

24.0
10.0
5.0

20 + 20
-

8.0
4.0
15.0
24.0
1.0

2.4
50.4
5.0

DUNG MI
1. Xylene
2. White spirit
3. Solvesso 100
4. n- Butanol
5. Solvent Naphtha

12.5
5.0
3.0
-

4.6
0.1
-

2.20

PH GIA
Chng lng Beton 27 Benton 38

1.0

0.3

1.00

100

100

100

Hng mc nguyn liu

STT

CHT TO MNG
1. Epoxy rn EEW = 450 500 (Epikote 1001)
2. Coal Tar (75% trong Xylen)
3. Cht ng rn Epoxy: Versamide 140
4. Resinat Ca (dung dch 60% trong solvent Naptha)
5. Caosu Clo ha R20 (dung dch 50% trong xylen)
6. Cht ha do Cloparafine 50

BT MU BT N BT CHNG H
1. Fe2O3
2. ZnO
3. Talc/ BaSO4
4. Cu2O (Oxit ng ) chng h gc v c
5. Diuron chng rong to gc BiO cide

TNG CNG
Ghi ch:

Sn chng h loi ha tan c in (Conventional): dng cht to mng ha tan (nha

thng) a c t chng h vo nc bin.
Sn chng h loi tip xc (Contact) c in, dng tng lng c t trong sn v b
nc bin mi mn dn cc lp mng sn vo nc bin chng h.
Sn chng h loi tip xc hin i gi tn l SPC (Selfpolishing Copolymer) mng
sn chng h c c t sn t mi mn chng h.

IV. A - SN T (AUTOMOTIVE COATING)[4], [5], [9], [15]

1. Gii thiu chung:
- Gm 2 loi sn t khc nhau l sn t ng mi OEM v sn tn trang xe
c (Refinishing)
- Sn t dng cho c hai loi xe con (du lch) v xe (ch khch)
- Sn t dng bo v v trang tr cho cc vt liu st thp hp kim v Plastic
chim hn 90% trng lng cc loi vt liu kt cu t.
- H thng sn bo v v trang tr t yu cu rt nghim ngt v rt khc nhau
v cch chn lc cc loi vt liu sn v phng php thi cng thch hp.
2. H thng v s la chn vt liu sn kt hp phng php thi cng (Xe: OEM)
H thng sn:
-

X l b mt kim loi
Sn lt (primer)
Sn m (undercoatfiller)
Sn ph (Top coat)
Phng php thi cng
Sng phun (Spray)
Nhng (Dipping)
in di (Electrodeposition)

C th l:
- Phng php phun:
Sn lt giu km: cho b mt thn xe trc khi gia cng c kh.
Sn m: chiu dy 40-50 m
Sn ph: chiu dy 45-55 m
(Thng ch p dng nh my sn xut nh, s lng xe t)
- Phng php nhng: (Dip Priming System) bao gm:
Mc p dng ging trn
Sn lt: chiu dy 12-18 m

Sn m: chiu dy 40-50 m

 Sn ph: chiu dy 45-55 m

- Phng php sn in di (Electropainting System)
Sn lt (ant hoc catt): chiu dy 20-25 m
Sn m: chiu dy 23-35 m
Sn ph: chiu dy 45-55 m

Phng php sn in di thng c p dng cho cc nh my sn xut qui

m ln v c hiu qu l vn hnh n gin vi mc t ng ha cao, mng
sn qua sy nng c cht lng hon ho.
Phng php sn in di ant c p dng t 1960, sau catt c pht
trin mnh hn v c u im hn.
Cc yu cu v cht lng hon ho ca mng sn (theo h thng sn c thi cng
ni trn)
(a) Ngoi quan hon ho (bng v m thut)
(b) bn (bng v mu sc)
(c) bn c hc cao v chu try xc do vt cng
(d) Bm chc
(e) Chu n mn v m
(f) Bn xng du v dung mi
(g) Bn ha cht (nht l bn axit)
(h) cng cao, chu mi mn
(i) D sa cha h hng.
La chn vt liu sn theo phng php thi cng v h thng sn:
X l b mt kim loi: qua cc giai on sau:
- Ty r: bng axit v c: H3PO4 (axit Phosphoric)
- Ty du m: bng kim yu: Na2CO3 (Soda) Trisodium Phosphate, cht ty
ra
- Phosphat ha: Phosphat st: Trng lng 0.2 0.8g/m2 b mt
Phosphat km: Trng lng 0.5-4.7g/m2 b mt
Sn lt: Bo v chng n mn.
- Phun: Sn lt giu km, hoc sn chng n mn cht lng cao
- Nhng: sn lt gc: Alkyd, Alkyd Epoxy, Epoxy Ester, Epoxy 2 TP
- Dng bt mu: Fe2O3, Cacbon, Crmmat km.
- Bt n: Baryte, Blancfixe.
- PVC # 20-30%
- Sn in di (Electropainting = Electrodeposotion)
- Kiu ant:

Cht to mng: du bo Malecic ha, Phenol Alkyd, Epoxy Ester Poly

Butadien Maleic ha.
Bt mu cht lng cao: TiO2, Cacbon , Fe2O3
Bt n cht lng cao: Khng c ion t do [Cl]- v [SO4]2 Bt mu chng r: loi cht lng cao ( bit)
- Kiu catt:
Cht to mng: Epoxy/ Amine gc nc, ng rn bng cht ng rn
thch hp sy to: 165-180oC.
Bt mu v bt n cht lng cao ging kiu ant PVC # 10% ging
kiu ant.
Sn m: Nhm to mt lng phng trc khi sn ph bo m trang tr hon
ho ca yu cu sn xe t
Cht to mng: (gc dung mi) kh sy 20 to = 150 -160oC
Alkyd
Phn ng vi nha MF (melamin
Epoxy ester
Formaldehydle) hoc (ure - formaldehyde)UF
Poly ester
Bt mu: Fe2O3 + TiO2 loi cht lng tt
Bt n: Baryte, china clay (Aluminium silicate) CaCO3 c ph bc
Stearate tn gi: WINNOFI (cn c tc dng chng lng), bt talc
Lp sn m c chiu dy mng kh # 50 m, PVC 30-35%
Sn ph: (Topcoat)
C 2 loi sn ph cho t: c mu sc thun ty theo bt mu
(solidcolour) C mu nh kim loi (Metallic)
Cht to mng:
a. Alkyd hoc Polyester cho mu solid
b. Acrylic thermosetting (nhit rn): cho mu solid + Metallic
c. Acrylic thermoplastic (nhit do): cho mu solid + metallic
d. Sn nn mu/ du bng: Basecoat/ clear: metallic base coat i t
gc nha Polyester (10-12% rn) v nha Acrylic (15-20% rn)
clearcoat i t Acrylic solution v NAD: non aqueous
Acrylic.
Bt mu: mu solid
Cc loi bt mu v c c mu thch hp
Cc loi bt mu hu c bn cao nh dng, l cy, tm
Mu n metallic:
Cc mu hu c cht lng cao nh vng, dng, green.
Cc bt mu v c dng trong sut
Bt nh Al hoi siu mn loi nh chm.

dy mng kh ca 3 loi sn ph (a,b,c) 50 m, lp ca lp

Basecoat: 15 m, lp clearcoat: 35-50 m.

Sn t dng sa cha h hng mng sn trc khi xut xng(OEM)

i tng b mt: Tm phng (Panel), ca, cap v.v hoc cc vt
lm m trn b mt sn (sport repair)
Loi sn s dng i t cc loi nha chnh: loi nhit rn (Alkyd,
Acrylic) cho Panel v Acrylic nhit do cho spot repair.

BNG SO SNH CC TNH CHT THI CNG C BN CA CC LOI SN PH

01

Mu Solid/
metallic

Mu solid

02

Ngoi quan

bng cao
85%-20o

Acrylic Nhit
rn/NAD
Mu solid v
Metallic
Km bng hn
80% - 20o

03

Hm lng rn,
(trng lng) khi
phun

40 45%

30 35%

04

S lp sn (phun)

2/3

05

Nhy cm vi lp

Va phi (km

Va phi (bm

STT

Alkyd/
Melamine

Hng mc

Acrylic Nhit
do
Mu solid v
Metallic
bng cao
85% - 20o

Basecoat/ Clear
Metallic

Rt bng 90% 20o

-Basecoat 12%
(Polyester)18%
12 18%
(Acrylic)
-Clearcoat 35%
-Basecoat:2
3/4
-Clearcoat:1/2
Yu cu sn m Ch dng nha

sn m

bm vo lp sn
in di)

tt vo lp sn
in di)

c PVC cao
(#55%)

Polyester

06

Nhit sy kh

030oC 20pht

130oC 20pht

155oC 30pht

130oC 20pht

07

Chu mi bng

Km

Tt

Tuyt hn

Tt

Spot

Hn ch vi spot
repair
Clearcoat xc tc
axit

08

Dng sa cha h
hng mng sn

Panel (xc tc
axit)

Panel (xc tc
axit)

Sn cho cc b phn Plastic (cht do) ca thn xe:

Loi cht do SMC (Sheet moulding compound) i t nha Polyamide hoc
Polyester khng bo ha chu c nhit sy 165o 180oC, c sn lt
trc bng sn PU, sau mi c lp vo thn xe t ( qua cng on
sn lt) ri tin hnh sn tip cc cng on sn m v sn ph (on line
Paint Process)
Loi cht do PU thng (PU RIM = PU Reaction Injection Moulded) v
PU chu lc (PU RRIM PU Reinforced Reaction Injection Moulded)
thng c sn hon thin bng sn sy PU/MF (120oC), sau mi gn
vo thn xe.
B - SN XE T TN TRANG (AUTOMOTIVE REFINISH PAINTS)
1. Gii thiu chung:
Sn tn trang xe t nhm 3 mc ch:
- Sa cha v sn mi nhng ch h hng ca cc b phn xe t sau mt
thi gian s dng.
- Sa cha v sn li nhng khim khuyt sau ch to v vn chuyn xe
t OEM trc khi bn xe cho khch hng.
- Cn tng thm cht lng ngoi quan hoc i mu sn.
Sn tn trang xe hi cng p ng yu cu cht lng cho th trng sn xe
t thng mi l xe ti v xe ch khch (loi sn ph l ph bin)
Sn tn trang t thng l loi kh t nhin hoc sy nhit thp.
2. Loi sn ph v chn la nguyn liu cho sn ph:
2.1 Cht to mng:
STT Loi sn ph t
A
Solid colour v 1 coatMetallics

c tnh

1
2
3
4
5
6
B

Sn sy (Alkyd/Melamine)

Sn sy (Acrylic/ Melamine)

Nhit do (Acrylics)

Nitrocellulose

PU

Kt ni mng: khng c vn
Kt ni mng: khng c vn
Nhy cm vi dung mi trng n
Nhy cm vi dung mi trng n
Kt ni mng khng c vn
Kh mng khng c vn

- Alkyd kh t nhin
2-coat-metallics
-

Sn sy (Acryllic/Melamine)

Acrylic nhit do

Kt ni mng khng c vn
Nhy cm vi dung mi trng n

2.2 Bt mu:
- Trng: TiO2 Rutile
- en: Carbon Black (Furnace channel)
- Dng: Phthalocyanine, Indanthrone, KaliFerocyanide
- L cy: Phthalocyanine,
- Nh bc (Al): mn, trung bnh, th
-

Vng: Flavanthrone, Tetraclorisoindoline, Azomethine, Hydrate

Iron Oxide III

- : Fe2O3, Molybdated LeadChromate, NaphtolAS, Perylen

Quinacridone.

MT S CNG THC TIU BIU

CA H THNG SN LT CHNG R, SN M, SN PH XE T

STT

Hng mc nguyn liu

Sn lt
Epoxy 2 tp,
km (zinc

Sn m,
nhit rn
(150

Sn ph
Acrylic
nhit rn

Du bng
ph PU
2Tp

Du bng NC
cho plastic
(% TL)

II

III

IV

CHT TO MNG
1. Epoxy rn (Epikote1001) (A)
2. Cht ng rn (versamide 115)
(B)
3. Epoxy Ester (dd 50% rn)
4. MF (rn 60%)
5. UF (rn 60%)
6. Butylated MF (rn 60%)
7. Acrylic copolymer (rn 50%)
8. Acrylic Polyol Desmophen A
760BA
9. Cht ng rn Polyisoyanate
(Desmodur N75 MPA/X)
10. SSN/C second vis (dryweight)
11. Maleic resin (cellolyn 102)
12. Cht ha do
(Tricresyl
Phosphate)
13. Phm mu tan trong du
14. Cht xc tc PU (RC20VN 1%)
BT MU + BT N
1. Km bt (Zinc dust)
2. CaO
3. C Black
4. TiO2 R
5. China Clay (AluminiumSilicat)
6. Baryte
DUNG MI
1. Toluen/ xylen
2. Butyl Acetate
3. MPA (Methyl Propyl Acetate)
4. Butyl cellosolve
5. Cellosolve
6. Ethanol
7. Butanol
8. Propanol
PH GIA
1. Flow control (levelling)
2. Chng lng (Benton 27)
3. Chng bt OL 17

rich)
(% TL)

160oC)30
(% TL)

(% TL)

(% TL)

4.0
1.8
-

2.0
0.5
3.5
-

18.0
48.0
-

39.48 (A)

11.20 (B)

24.40
18.30
7.30

1.50 (A)

Theo yu cu

80
0.3
-

0.1
3.8
3.4
23.9

17.5
-

8.6
4.3

22.6
-

9.0
3.0
2.3
-

13.17
11.00
11.00
-

5.00
9.00
6.00
5.00
15.00
10.00
-

0.3
-

0.2
-

0.2
-

1.5
0.25

V. SN G (WOOD COATING) [11, 15, 16]

1. Gii thiu chung:

Th trng sn g c th chi thnh 3 khu vc phc v cc i tng s dng
l:
- Gia cng g nguyn liu (solid), g kt cu xy dng, g vn sn (Parquet) v.v
- Gia cng g ch bin t g lng p thnh tm hoc g p t bt g v.v ch
to thnh cc sn phm g gia dng hoc cng nghip (g lng venneer, MDF,
Plywood) (MDF = g vn si = MEDIUM DENSITY FIBRE)
Theo Bayer Material Science nm 2003, th trng sn g c phn b nh
sau:

Tiu th ti khu
vc i l

UA (Urethan
Alkyd
Dung
UV/
mi
H2O)

UP
(Polyester
khng no)

WB (gc
nc)

3%

6%

7%

2%

1%

1%

49%

15%

12%

4%

76%

2%

1%

1%

NC

AC (Acid
curing)

PUR

1. Ton cu:
2.130.000 tn

31%

12%

41%

2. ng Nam
120.000 tn

51%

31%

13%

3. Nht 52.000 tn

16%

4%

4. Trung Quc
580.000 tn

18%

2%

D on trong cc nm ti: Sn xut sn g s c xu hng sau:

- Lut VOC
- Tng sn lng g ni tht, tp trung vo g ni tht gi r
- Cc nh sn xut Furniture s chuyn sang khu vc Nam Au, Chu v M La tinh
- Th trng tng t bin: Chu (Trung Quc) v M Latinh
- Tng trng xut khu t Trung Quc sang Chu Au v M
- Tng trng sn phm sn g t PU/H2O UV, PU/H2O 2K Urethan Acrylate
(Hm lng rn 100%)
2. H thng sn v s la chn vt liu sn theo yu cu s dng:
2.1 Theo yu cu th trng sn g ng Nam v thc t Vit Nam h thng
sn g pht trin ch yu i t cc loi cht to mng gc NC, AC v PUR
(phm vi chng ny cng gii hn 3 loi ny)
2.1.1 Thng k s lng s dng (%) cc loi sn khc nhau cho g khc
nhau:
STT

H thng sn g

g ni tht

Vn sn

K bp

Ghi ch

1
2
3
4

NC (nitro cellulose)
AC (Acid Curing)
PUR 2K
Cc sn khc
TNG CNG

20%
15%
35%
30%
100%

50%
10%
15%
25%
100%

5%
15%
50%
30%
100%

Khng tnh g kt
cu xy dng
-

2.1.2 So snh tnh cht ca cc h thng sn g i t cc loi cht to mng

khc nhau:
STT Hng mc tnh cht
NC
AC
1K PUR
2K PUR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Hm lng rn (% trng lng)

Thi gian ng kt (sng)
Thi gian kh mng 20oC
Thi gian kh mng 50oC
ch nhm/ dnh tay
bn ha cht
Khi thi vng thi cng

20 30
Khng cn
1 gi
10 pht
Tt
Km
Dung mi

8
9

VOC
Gi tin

Cao
thp

30 70
Vi ngy
1 8 gi
10-60pht
Km-tt
Tt
Dung mi +
Formaldehyde
Va phi
Thp

40 -60
Khng cn
4 16 gi
K.t-km
Xu km
Dung mi
Va phi cao
Thp va phi

30 50
Vi gi
4 - 16 gi
60-120pht
Km
Tt
Dung mi
+Isocyanate
Va phi-cao
Va phi -cao

2.2 S sn g v phng php thi cng:

2.2.1
Mt g cn sn c vn g hoc loi g qu lm ni tht.
Lp 1: du bng lt
Lp 2: du bng ph
2.2.2
Mt g kn: thng l loi g thng (r tin) hoc g nhn to (MDF) lm
Furniture (MDF = Medium Density Fibre Board)
Sn 1:
Lp 1: Sn lt c mu
Lp 2: Sn ph hoc du bng ph
Sn 2:
Sn lt bt x g
Sn lt hoc du bng lt
Sn ph hoc du bng ph
2.2.3
X l b mt cc lp sn theo s ni trn:
Trc khi sn ph (lp cui cng), cc b mt sn lt hoc sn m (sau
khi kh cho php sn lp k tip) cn ch nhm bng giy nhm mn (c
320 . 400)
2.2.4
Phng php thi cng sn g:

Phng php thi cng gin tip: Dipping (Nhng) Flow (# Dipping)
Curtain (ko thnh mng rng qua my qut) v Spraying (Phun)
u im: B mt sn tch ri khi dng c sn v cp sn B rng
mng sn t khc nhau, dy mng sn cao
Phng php thi cng trc tip: Roller (con ln) v Brush (c sn)
u im:
Lp y cc l xp b mt g tt hn
C th thi cng mng sn mng hn
Bm tt hn vo b mt
C th sn vi nht cao hn
2.3 La chn nguyn vt liu sn g (NC, AC, PUR 2K)
2.3.1
Cht to mng:
a. NC: c 2 dng rn + cht dung mi tm t rn (NC #70%. Butanol #30%)
l:
FRS: NC dng si (Fibre): FRS 1/16, 1/8, ,
DRS: NC dng phin mng: DRS 1/16, 1/8, ,
b. AC 2K:
Alkyd i t: du da, du phng, du thu du kh nc v axit bo tng
hp
NC tan trong dung mi ru/ ester
CAB cellulose Acetate Butyrate tan trong ru
Polyvinyl
Amino Resin
Cht ng rn: PTSA (Para Toluen Sulphonic Acid)
c. PUR 2K:
Hyroxy Alkyd: Alkyd Short Oil (gy) t axit bo tng hp khng no.
Hyroxy Acrylic Resin Acrylic Polyol
2.3.2
Dung mi/ cht pha long (Thinner)
a. Cho sn NC: Ester/ ru/ Hydrocarbon thm (Xylen, Toluen)
d. Cho sn AC 2K Ester/ ether/ ketone/ ru/ hydrocacbon thng v thm.
e. Cho PU/ Alkyd 2K: ester/ ether/ ketone/ hydrocarbon thm Cho PU/
Acrylicpol yol: ester/ ether/ ketone/ hydrocarbon thm.
2.3.3 Bt mu v bt n: S dng chung cho cc loi sn g.
a. Bt mu:
Yu cu mn cao, che ph tt v d ch nhm, chn la theo yu
cu s dng.
Bt mu nhum mu cho g (wood stain) thng l bt mu trong
sut (transparent) hoc phm nhum hoc phm nhum trn vi bt mu.
b. Bt n:
L bt n tr (trnh tc dng ca dung mi mnh, axit v polyisocyanate)

Ghi ch: C th xem c th trong phn la chn bt mu, bt n cho sn.

2.3.4 Cht ph gia
Cht thm t v phn tn (BYK, TEGO)
Cht hot ng b mt (BYK, TEGO)
Cht lm m (BYK, v.v)
Cht chng dnh khi xp d: (anti Blocking Agent) thng l cc cht
sp tng hp (Synthetic Wax) hoc ph gia gc silicon polymer
e. Cht ph gia d ch nhm: (Additive inprove sanding properties) Stearat
km c chn dng thch hp cho cc loi sn g.
f. Cht ha do (Plasticizer): thng dng DBP v DOP
g. Cc cht ph gia khc c chn dng nhm ci thin tnh cht b mt:
nh chng mi mn, chu tia t ngoi, chng bt, trn lng b mt v.v..
(c dng b sung thm theo yu cu)
Ghi ch: Xem chi tit trong 1 s cng thc tiu biu ca 3 loi sn g gc NC,
AC, v PU
a.
b.
c.
d.

MT S CNG THC TIU BIU CA SN G NC [9, 17]

STT

Du bng lt
NC

Hng mc nguyn liu

Sn lt NC
(mu trng)

Du bng ph
NC

Sn ph NC
(mu )

CHT TO MNG:

% T. lng

% T. lng

% T. lng

% T. lng

1. NC.RS 5 (70% rn)

9.3

5.0

2. NC (70% rn)

2.0

20.8

3. NC 1/8 (70% rn)

10

4. Setal Alkyd 84xx70

14.3

5. Maleic Resin

1.0

2.0

4.0

20

1. TiO2 R

2. Lithopon

35.0

3. Pastemu Helio

4.5

4. China Clay

10.0

1. Toluen

50.0

18.0

16.5

31

2. Xylen

20.3

BT MU, BT N

DUNG MI

3. MIBK

6.0

11.0

4. Acetone

11.6

5. Cyclohexanone

6. Butylacetate

19.1

5.0

5.5

7. Ethyl Acetate

4.0

8. Butanol (n-)

6.2

5.0

5.5

9. IPA

5.0

1. DBP (cht ha do)

1.8

2.0

4.5

2. Stearat km (ch nhm)

1.0

3. Levelling ByK 300

0.1

CHT PH GIA

TNG CNG

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

MT S CNG THC IN HNH CA SN G

AC 2K (Acidcuring 2 Thnh phn) [16]
S
T
T

Hng mc nguyn liu

AC 2K
lt/filler

CHT TO MNG
% T.lng
1. Alkyd Short Oil (dd:50-60%)
25.0
2. Alkyd Short Oil-loi chng vng
ha
15.0
3. Ure Formaldehyde (dd#65%)
4. Ure Formaldehyde (dd#50%)
2.5
5. NC 1/4 (dd20%)
BT MU + BT N
35.0
1. TiO2 R
7.5
2. Microtalc
1.5

AC 2K
Furniture
Clear
%T. lng
48.1
23.8
-

AC 2K
sn ph,
trng
% T. lng
31.25
19.20
1.50

AC 2K
Clear, bng

15.30
15.30
-

% T. lng
36.75
30.75
-

3. Syloid ED 30 (Bt n lm m)
4. Blancfixe
DUNG MI
1. Xylen
2. Solvesso 100
3. Butyl Acetate
4. MIBK
5. Butanol
6. IPA
7. Methoxy propanol
CC CHT PH GIA
1. Cht chng lng Benton SD2
2. Surfactant Slip/wax
3. Cht lm m (OK 412)
PTSA (cht ng rn gc Axit)
(dd 20% trong Butanol)
TNG CNG

10
3.5
-

17.0
6.0

5.20
6.10
3.85
3.10
-

12.30
16.80
3.80
-

2.0

2.3/0.7
2.1
8.0

0.20
8.00

9.00

100

100

100

100

MT S CNG THC IN HNH SN G CHT LNG CAO

PUR 2K [15] CA BAYER

STT Hng mc nguyn liu

CHT TO MNG
1. Desmophen 1300 (dd 75%)
2. NC E510 Chips
3. Desmophen RD 181 (dd75%)

Sn lt
(Printer)
phun
(Clear)
%T.lng
A/B = 3/1
32.0
1.5
-

Sn m/
Filler
phun (C
mu)
%T.lng
A/B =15/1
12.14
2.57
-

Du bng
ph phun
(Clear)

Sn trng
ph phun
(rt bng)

% T.lng
A/B = 3/1
16.5
16.5

%T.lng
A/B = 3/1
25.00
-

4. CAB 381 0.1 10%/ BuAc

BT MU + BT N
1. TiO2
2. CaCO3 mn
3. Micro Talc
DUNG MI
1. Toluene
2. Butyl Acetate
3. Ethyl Acetate
4. Methoxy Propyl Acetate
CHT PH GIA
1. Cht ch nhm(Stearat km) (dd20%)
2. Cht ph bt nh
3. Cht levelling
4. Cht
chng
lng
benton
38(10%xylen)
5. Cht Thixo Aerosil 972
6. Cht ph bt ln Basilone
7. Thinner Solvent cho PU
8. Cht lm m
CNG
CHT NG RN
1. Des modur IL
2. Des modur L 75
3. Des modure HL
4. Toluen
5. Butyl Acetate
TNG CNG

8.52
12.78
12.78

8.0
9.0
9.5
9.3

2.50
17.55
-

13.0
12.0
10.0
6.0

3.90
9.00
9.00
7.00

2.17
0.16
0.24
0.80
0.08
0.40
41.11

1.0
-

0.10
0.1
0.20
0.15
-

A = 93.75

A = 75.0

A= 75.00

14.2
9.4
1.4
-

4.02
2.23
-

14.5
9.8
0.70

17.5
7.5
-

B = 25.0

B = 6.25

B = 25

B = 25

8.7
A = 75

VI. SN CNG NGHIP NI CHUNG: GENERAL INDUSTRIAL PAINTS.

1. GII THIU CHUNG
Sn cng nghip ni chung l cc loi sn khng bao gm cc loi sn trang tr tiu
dng (architectural DIY) v cc loi sn khc ni cc phn I V. C th hiu
mt cch tng qut sn cng nghip l cc loi sn c s dng hon thin khu
cui cng ca cc loi sn phm trc khi xut xng a i phc v cc ngnh cng
nghip v tiu dng. V d: sn cc my mc c kh nng nghip, my lm ng,
my bay, sn cun, sn gia dng (my lnh, t lnh, l si), sn k ng, sn
toa xe, sn can ng nc gii kht, sn thng phuy, sn cch in, sn plastic cho
TV, in t v.v
Sn cng nghip ni chung chim % tiu th ch sau sn kin trc xy dng v c rt
nhiu loi sn c p dng vi cc phng php thi cng khc nhau theo yu cu s
dng, rt nhiu nguyn liu cht to mng (sn gc) c s dng.
Xu hng pht trin ca sn cng nghip tp trung vo vn tun th theo lut mi
trng nhim kh quyn v lut an ton sc khe ni thi cng, c ngha l v mt
cng nghip sn phm s ch tng cng s dng sn gc nc, sn hm lng rn
cao, sn khng dung mi, sn bt v.v.
2. Cc loi sn gc v tnh nng s dng trong sn cng nghip
Cc loi sn kh t nhin: (Air Drying Coatings)
Sn Bitum:
C 3 loi bitum u c s dng l: Asphalt, coaltar v Gilsonite. R tin v
chu nc tuyt ho. Dng cho cc b phn nm di t, di nc v cc b
phn khng tip xc nh nng mt tri.
Sn du (Oleoresinous Varnish):
Dng du lanh chn, du tru, ester nha thng, nha chai, nha phenolic, nha
coumarone indene v.v, sn cho kt cu thp, bnh gas, tank cha v.v
Lacquer:
NC, Acrylic, Vinyl, Caosuclohoa c rt nhiu ng dng trong cc lnh vc sn
cng nghip c bit dng nhiu cho cc b mt g v cht do (do cc lacque
kh rt nhanh).
Nha Alkyd, sn Alkyd i t 3 loi nha bo, trung bnh v gy
Sn gc Alkyd.Styren:
C c tnh kh nhanh gn nh sn NC, c ng dng lm sn vn ba trong
sn cng nghip.
Sn gc nha UrthanAlkyd (hoc Urethan-oil)
C tnh vt tri hn sn Alkyd v mt chu nc, chu kim, chu mi mn,
c dng nhiu trong sn sn g, sn chng r ngoi tri, sn k ng
Sn Alkyd gc nc (warter-solution)
c phi trn vi Acrylic latex lm sn chng r ngoi tri, sn my nng
nghip, my i t v.v

Sn Epoxy kh t nhin 1 thnh phn:

* Epoxy Ester du bo: tnh cht kh ging nh nha Alkyd, c cht lng tt
hn Alkyd v bn ha cht, c s dng lm sn chng r m
* Epoxy c trng lng phn t cao: kh nhanh, to mng cng cao c
dng lm sn chng r, chng n mn c bit l sn giu km.
Sn nc Latex
c dng lm sn bo tr cng nghip cho kim loi gc nha Latex: Acrylic,
Styren Acrylic, PVA, VinylAcetate copolymer, cng c dng lm sn cho b
tng, sn tennis, b tng nha ng, sn k ng v.v.
Sn kh bng ng rn xc tc 2 thnh phn (AIRDRYING COATING
CATALYSED)
PU 2K:
Ngoi lnh v sn bo v cng nghip chng n mn v tu bin, g, t;
PU-2K c dng nhiu trong sn cng nghip nh: khung ca nhm, sn ph
cho my bay qun s, my bay hng hi, coilcoating v.v
EPOXY 2K: (gc dung mi, v gc nc)
Nha Epoxy rn c trng lng phn t thp (EEW = 450-500) lm sn gc
dung mi kh nhanh dng lm sn chng r hoc sn ph trong nh v d b
phn ha vi tia t ngoi.
Nha Epoxy lng c EEW = 185-195 lm sn High build v khng dung mi
lm sn chng n mn cht lng cao cho pha trong cc tank cha xng du,
ha cht, thc phm, thng kt hp vi sn ph PU chu t ngoi ngoi tri,
cho cng nghip vn ti v hng khng.
Sn kh bng nhit (sy nng) (heat cured coating)
Sn sy Alkyd gy, MelaminFormaldehyde, Ureformaldehyde (AR/MF+UF)
Nhit sy: 130 1600C, thi gian 20 30 pht
ng dng: sn gia dng, dng c phng th nghim, coil coating, ni tht
bng kim loi v.v
Sn sy Acrylic: s dng ch yu cho sn gia dng cht lng cao
Nha Acrylic nhit rn gc Acrylamide copolymer: yu cu t0 sy c th ng
rn vi nha MF, AR hoc Epoxy, t0 sy 1600C 30 pht hoc 1700C 20 pht
Acrylic nhit rn kiu hydroxy copolymer ng rn theo kiu AR gy vi MF, t0
sy thp hn: 1300C 30 pht hoc 1400C 20 pht.
Epoxy c trong lng phn t ln: (MW=1400): c th nhit rn
Sn sy Epoxy-Phenolic: dng sn cho pha trong lon bia, lon thc phm, phuy
cha v tank cha.
Sn sy Epoxy-UF: lm sn lt cho coil coating, gia dng, ni tht bnh
vin v.v
Sn Polyester
L cc loi Polyester bo ha (Saturated Polyester)

Cht ng rn nhit l Hexamethoxymethyl Melamine cng vi cht xc tc thc

hin t0 cao.
c s dng nhiu trong sn coil.
Sn Silicone Polyester
L cc Polyester c gn gc organo siloxane; c bn thi tit rt cao
Cht ng rn nhit l hexamethoxyMethyl Melamine cng vi cht xc tc thc
hin t0 cao hn Polyester (#2320C)
c s dng nhiu trong sn coil
Sn gc Silicone Acrylic
L cc Polymer nhit rn Acrylic c gn ti mch [OH] nhm organe-Siloxane
Cht ng rn s dng ging nh vi nha nhit rn Acrylic HydroxyCopolymer nhng mng sn c cht lng cao hn.
c s dng nhiu trong sn coil.
Sn gc Polyimide
L sn phm trng ngng ca dianhydride mch vng v amine thm.
Sau khi ng rn bng nhit c th chu c iu kin s dng nhit cao:
3000C trong vi thng, 4000C trong vi gi, 5000C trong vi pht
c s dng nhiu lm sn cho vt dng nu bp.