Atomic Theory Model

Project
By: Maya Barber, Gaby Cornejo
and Ellie Pearson

Thomsons Model (Plum Pudding)

Joseph Thomson invented the plum pudding model in 1897

He discovered that atoms are composite and are made of two parts with the
negative section being smaller in relation to the whole atom
With that, he also identified the electron by concluding that all cathode rays
are composed of identical negatively charged particles
He found that electrons have a large charge-to-mass ratio that helped form
his theory
Thomson made his model of the atom after plum pudding which is exactly as it
sounds. He thought the free-floating pudding resembled the positive charge
and the plums were the

electrons or the negatively charge

The electrons were spread evenly throughout the positively charged material
His theory had the right idea, but was incorrect

Rutherfords Model

Rutherfords Model of the atom was invented in 1911

Before his model, the placements of the protons and electrons were not
known
He tested Thomsons model by shooting alpha particles at a gold sheet of
foil. If the mass of the atom was spread evenly throughout the atom, then
he was correct
When he tested it, most particles passed through, but some bounced back
He then could conclude that a nucleus of an atom is positive and hold
most of and its mass
Using this information, he created a planet like model where all the
protons were placed in the nucleus and the electrons orbited around it
like planets and the sun.
This theory was also not correct.

Bohrs Model

Bohrs model of the atom was invented in 1915

His model had the planetary concept with a small positively charged
nucleus orbited by negatively charged electrons except the orbits are not
planar
It was a modification of Rutherfords model so it is not much different. His
model used modern math explaining the Rydberg formula
Some main points that were different from Rutherfords model were that
electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy
The energy of the orbit is related to its size and the lowest energy is found
in the smallest orbit. Also, radiation is absorbed or released when an
electron moves from different orbits
This helped describe the stability of an atom
Even though his theory was mathematical, it was still not completely
correct

Schronginers Model
(Cloud model)

Schronginer invented the Cloud model in 1925

He built off Bohrs model by having a floating motion of electrons instead
of them being in a set path
He thought electrons stuck in their orbits would create standing waves"
He said that you could only say the probability of the placement of an
electron, but it wasnt definite
This formed areas of space around the nucleus called orbitals
An orbital is a wave function describing the state of a single electron in an
atom. This showed the Quantum model of electrons
His model is a nucleus with non-fixed electrons moving in orbitals

Works Cited
"Bohr Atomic Model." Bohr Atomic Model. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.
DeLeon. "Rutherfords Planetary Model of an Atom." Http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/modern-atomictheory/rutherford-model.html Http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/bohr_atom.html. N.p., n.d. Web.
"Plum Pudding Model." Physics. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2014.
"Plum Pudding Model." Princeton University. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2014.
"Plum Pudding Model." Universe Today RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.
"The Rutherford Experiment." The Rutherford Experiment. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.
"Timeline of the Atom." : Erwin Schrodinger. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2014.