Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ii
1.
.................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2. .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.3. ..................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.3.2 ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.3.3 ........................................................................................4
1.4. ...................................................................................................................................5
1.4.1 ............................................................................................................... 5
1.5. ..............................................................................................................5
1.5.1 ..................................................................... 5
1.5.2 .................................................................................. 6
1.5.3 ...................................................................................................6
2. ........................................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 ............................................................................................... 7
2.2 ........................................................................................................................8
2.3 ...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4 .................................................................................................................. 11
2.5. ..........12
2.5.1. ..................................................................................................... 12
2.5.2. / ...................17
2.6. ....................................................................................................................21
3. .....................................................................................37
4. .............................................................................39
5.
.........................................................................................................................................42
6. .........................................................................................................46
7. .................................................................................................47
8. .....................................................49
8. (References)................................................................................................................. 55
1. ......................................................... 58
2. ........................................61
iii
3. .................................................63
4 / ... 65
iv
1.
1000
5
IUCN
10
2.5
3.134
1
Sudan
Guinea Savanna Combretum-Terminalia Woodland
-
- /Combretum-Terminalia Woodland/
1.2.
(Sudano-Guinean biome)
1.3.
1.3.1
18987
/
120
.. 80 .
12
.
(130) 20
42
.
1.
1301220.51 1302318.10
3602804.63
3601356.73
718 1229
01
( ) ()
()
1.3.2
(Combretum-Terminalia Woodland) -
/
38-48 oc
600-1100.
780
(http://www.samsamwater.com/
=12.5107&lng=36.60878&loc=Amhara+%2CEthiopia)
1.3.3
54.52 31.87
13.61
GIS
2.
climate/
climatedata.php?lat
GIS
Eutric nitisols
Chromic Vertisol
Orthic luvisols
1.4.
(Sudano-Guinean biome)
1.4.1
/IUCN/
-
1.5.
1.5.1
5
-
/
1.5.2
1
1
.1
. ( )
( )
1.5.3
- -
6
2.
2.1
/ 2005
1933 .
..
1963 .
1987 .
1990
2000/
2004 .
/
4 / 2005
.
2007 .
2.2
SudanGuinea Savanna Combretum-Terminalia
Woodland
(Combretum molle ,Combretum aculeatum, Combretum adenogonium, Combretum
collinum) (Terminalia laxiflora and Terminalia brownii )
(Boswellia papyrifera)
(Oxytenanthera abyssinica)
(Anogeissus leiocarpa)
(Stereospermum kunthianum)
- /Combretum-Terminalia Woodland
3.
2.3
/ 2005 .
-
21 57
:
o (Greater
Greater kudu)
o (Leopard)
o (Common/Golden
Common/Golden Jackal)
Jackal
o (Common
Common bushbuck)
bushbuck
o (Common
Common duiker)
duiker
o (Spotted Hyena))
o (Anubis
Anubis baboon)
baboon
o (Patas
Patas monkey )
o (Aardvark)
o
(Vervet
Monkey)
Aardvark (EN) Honey badger (VU) IUCN
4.
861 ::
668
57
(Globally
Globally threatened)
threatened 31
21
/African
African white backed Vulture
(EN) Red-footed
footed Falcon (NT)
10
2.4
81
Combretum-Terminalia Woodland
163 ) IUCN
(Kerry and Harriet, 1998)
o (Adansonia digitata)
o (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
o (Diospyros mespiliformis)
o (Pterocarpus lucens)
o (Oxytenanthera abyssinica)
o (Boswellia papyrifera)
(
)
(Vreugdenhil et al, 2012)
75.52 tCO2e/ha
1.434 MtCO2e
0.956
5.736
11
( )
2.5.
2.5.1.
3
3
// /
2006.
1 .
1.
01
1034
1007
2041
4.02
1185
1125
2310
4.55
911
739
1650
3.25
3130
2871
6001
11.82
12
( )
5845
4360
10205
20.1
( )
5469
4139
9608
18.9
(1)
12657
12350
25007
49.2
23971
20849
44820
88.18
27101
23720
50821
100
6 27101 23720
50821 53.3%
11.82
3
01
4.02 4.55 3.22
88.18 3
3
-
-
13
5.
2005/6
.2
90791
544746
32.09
35429
1062870
30
62.62
4580.75
81000
18
4.772
252
5544
22
0.327
65
975
15
0.057
108
2160
20
0.127
1.5
30
20
0.002
60
20
0.004
131230.25
1697385
100
3 2005/06
2005/06
131230.25 1697385
14
-
/
1. -
2. - ()
1.
15
2. ( )
3.
4.
()
5.
6.
.3
.
01
1
1.1
1533
1997
2783
50672
5057
28405
90447
12876
194
5253
18323
1.2
16010
2235
8064
26309
1.3
11942
824
5053
17819
1.4
7602
617
3409
11628
1.5
1132
674
3000
4806
1110
513
3626
5249
5612
3001
2861
5090
2039
13068
31671
2312
1668
1837
107
1020
3303
10247
558
130
356
2133
1248
3828
8253
100
103
11781
2218
15232
38611
7082
453
1845
16
01
8.1
63
32
95
8.2
8.3
85
139
625
849
/
6 134410 ( )
849 8 95
67.29 23.56
2.5.2. /
4
17
(
)
80000
6.
/
-
01
-
18
7.
2004 .
8.
- (Combretum- Terminalia
ecosystem) ( ( )
19
-
-
2004 .
4
-
20
/
2.6.
81 21
57
21
01
()
10
17
14
22
9.
17 320 . 10
4
23
10
20
12
12
24
132
(400) 40
:: 45
4 /
25
27
18
21 1624 . ( )
()
-
44
1966 .
26
()
/ ( ) ( ) /
( )
.10
1656
1.
27
2.
-
3.
4. 1600-1625 .
5.
6. 1909-1922 .
1928 .
13
(1928) 15 7 28
( ) 100
26 92
/ 19070 /
28
o
o
o
o () 4
o
-
1.
2.
29
3.
4.
()
5.
( /)
30
- (1556-1589 .)
12.
(1624-1660 .)
1624
1628 .
(1772-1777)
31
13.
92
118
18 1962
. 1970 .
()
32
( )
1970 .
1978 .
(in danger list)
.14
1200 22
12
180
180
20 4
5 6
55
/ /
33
( )
( )
1050 /
# ;
15
22
()
()
34
(
)
309
25 309 159 ..
489 .
350
1998 .
38/1998
1970
.16
35
( )
130
37 204
7 26
182 .
20 .
36
1881 .
1864 . (1872 ...) 4
22 .
3000
3
20 . 15
3.
/ -
37
(insitu
conservation)
38
( )
4.
/ /representativeness/
- Combretum-Terminalia Woodland
39
Kigelia africana / /
/ - / Diversity/
-
/ / Distinctiveness/
20
/ /Ecological importance/
/Combretum-Terminalia Woodland/
40
/ /Degree of interference/
(
)
/ /area size/
IUCN
18987 /
-
/ / /shape/
41
/ /Endemicity/
o (Adansonia digitata)
o (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
o (Diospyros mespiliformis)
o (Pterocarpus lucens)
o (Boswellia papyrifera)
o
(Oxytenanthera abyssinica
-
/
/
5.
IUCN
42
87.05%
75%
3.
66.7
88.9
77.8
77.8
100
88.9
100
100
83.3
100
50
100
100
83.3
33.3
83.32
- 1-2
-
1 34 6 7
43
(Primary management objectives)
-
- /Combretum-
Terminalia Woodland
- /Combretum-
Terminalia Woodland
.4 Matrix for protected area categories and Management objectives (IUCN, 1994)
Total
44
Protected Area
Resource
Managed
Scientific research
Wilderness protection
(%)
VI
Landscape/Seascape
1
2
Protected
categories
Management
V
Management Area
No.
Habitat/Species
IV
Natural Monument
III
National Park
II
Wilderness area
Ib
Ia
Total
of 0
services
Protection of species, 0
and 0
of 0
Preservation
of 0
Protected Area
Managed
categories
Protected
No.
Management Area
Management
(%)
VI
Resource
V
Landscape/Seascape
IV
Habitat/Species
III
Natural Monument
II
National Park
Ib
Wilderness area
Ia
diversity
Maintenance
environmental
natural
6
/culture
features
Tourism
recreation
Education
Sustainable
resources
use
from
natural ecosystems
Maintenance
of 0
natural/cultural/traditi
onal attributes
Total
45
- /Combretum-Terminalia Woodland
6.
46
7.
2 5 7
IUCN (protected area category)
(Protected area category I-VI)
-
(National Park)
47
(IUCN criteria for protected area
category II)
/
48
8.
49
50
51
52
53
54
8. (References)
1. Abeje Eshete, Demel Teketay and Hulten, Hakan, H. (2005). The Socio-Economic
Importance
Northern Ethiopia:
15: 55-74,
2. Abraham Marye,
, Endalkachew Teshome,
Getachew Tamiru ,
5. ANRS CTPsD Bureau (2009), Guide to natural attractions of Simien Mountains and
Alatish National Parks of North Gondar.
6. Azene Bekele Tesema (1993). Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia: Identification,
Propagation and World Agroforestry Center, RELMA, ICRAF Eastern Africa Region,
Nairobi, Kenya.
7. Azene Bekele Tesema (2007). Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia: Identification,
Propagation and Management for 17 agroclimatic zones. World Agroforestry Center,
RELMA, ICRAF Eastern Africa Region, Nairobi, Kenya.
8. Chane Gebeyehu (2000). Land Use and Spatial Distribution of Two Gum and Incense
producing Tree Species. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Master of Science in Range Management in the Faculty of Agriculture
University of Nairobi. Wogidi, Ethiopia.
9. Clements, J.F, (2007). The Clements checklist of birds of the world, 6th edition, Cornell
University press
10. Daan Vreugdenhil, Ian J. Payton, Astrid Vreugdenhil, Tamirat Tilahun, Sisay Nune,
Emily Weeks (2012), Carbon Baseline and Mechanisms for Payments for Carbon
Environmental Services from Protected Areas in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
55
11. Dharani N. (2005), Filed guide to common trees and shrubs of east Africa, Hirt& Carter
cape (pty)
12. Ervin, J., N. Sekhran, A. Dinu, S. Gidda, M.Vergeichik and J. Mee, (2010), Protected Areas for
The 21st Century: Lessons from Undp/Gefs Portfolio. United Nations Development Programme
and Montreal: Convention on Biological Diversity.
13. EWNHS (1996). Important Bird Areas of Ethiopia: a first inventory. Ethiopian Wildlife and
Natural History Society. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
14. FAO of UN (1984). Vegetation and Natural region and their significance for land
use
planning: report paper for the government of Ethiopia, United Nations development program,
technical report 4. AG: DP/ETH178/0031 Rome Italy
15. IBC (2005), National Biodiversity strategy of Ethiopia, IBD, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
16. IUCN (1994). The IUCN Guideline for protected area management categories.
17. IUCN (1996). Managing protected area in the tropics.
18. John G.Williams and N. Arlott, (1980). A field Guide to the birds of East Africa,
Collins St James place, London.
19. Kahsay Berhe (2004) land use and land cover changes in the central highlands of Ethiopia: the
case of Yerer Mountain and its surrounding a thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies,
Addis Ababa University.
20. Kumera Wkjira and Zelalem Tefera (eds) (2005). Wildlife Management. Parks Development
and protection Authority: Compendium of notes on wildlife
A training manual for park management and
21. Naughton-Treves, L., M., B. Holland and K.Brandon, (2005), The Role of Protected
Areas In Conserving Biodiversity And Sustaining Local Livelihoods. Down Loaded
From Arjournal, Annual Reviews Org. By University Of California
22. Redman.N,Stevenson.T and Fanshawe (2009) Birds of Horn Africa,C&C offset printing
COLtd,Chaina
23. Safari
Patrol:
Species
list:
Trees
and
shrubs
of
East
Africa
at
http://www.safaripatrol.com/species_trees.shtml
24. Tesfaye Awas (unpublished),Endemic plants of Ethiopia: Preliminary working list to
contribute to National plant conservation target, Addis Ababa
25. Tesfaye Awas (2007), Plant Diversity in Western Ethiopia: Ecology, Ethnobotany and
36. / / (2006 .)
37. (1958)
38. / (2001 .)
39. (2006 .)
////
57
1.
No.
Botanic name
Local name
Abelmoschus ficuleneus
Acacia polyacantha
wayika
1.
2.
Gumero
3.
Acacia senegal
Mogn Gumero
Acacia seyal
Key girar
Adansonia digitata
Diza
Agava spp.
Beska
Albizia malacophylla
Mera
Albizia amara
Dulesa
Anogeissus leiocarpa
Kirkira
Asparagus africanus
Yeset kesit
Azadirachta indica
Neem
Balanites aegyptiaca
Mekie
Boswellia papyrifera
Walia meker
Breonadia salicina
Dembeka
Calotropis procera
Tobia
Cissus populnea
Cissus qudrangularis
Alkie Hareg
Clematis longicauda
azo hareg
Combretum aculeatum
Forha/sebeha
Combretum adenogonium
Kongera
Combretum collinum
Chamda
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
58
No.
Botanic name
Local name
Combretum molle
Abalo
Corchorus olitorius
Melekuya
Dalbergia melanoxylon
Zobi
Dichrostachys cinerea
Gorgoro
Diospyros mespiliformis
Serkin
Dombeya spp
Neftelo
Erythrina abyssinica
Kuara
Fics palmata
Chibeha
Ficus sur
Shoal
Ficus sycomorus
Bamba
Flueggea virosa
Arena
Gardenia ternifolia
Gambilo
Grewia bicolar
Sumaya
Grewia ferruginea
Lnquata
Grewia mollis
Lnquata
Hyphaene thebaica
Zenbaba /laha
Jatropha curcas
Jatropha
Kigelia africana
Adendin
Lanchocarpus laxifiora
Hamija /Zengerifa
Lannea fruticosa
Fola
Lannea welwitschii
Dergeja
Maytenus undata
Kukba /Atat
Ocimum lamiifolium
Damakesie
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
59
No.
45.
Botanic name
Oxytenanthera abyssinica
Local name
shimel
46.
Piliostigma reticulatum
Alasha
47.
Piliostigma thonningii
Dawda
Pittosporum viridifolium
gala zabia
Pterocarpus lucens
Chara
Salix spp
wonz adimik
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Solanum incanum
Embuay
Steganotaenia araliacea
yejib dula
Sterculia africana
Stereospermum kunthianum
Darle
54.
55.
56.
Zana
57.
Tamarindus indica
Kumr
Terminalia brownii
Woyiba
Terminalia laxiflora
Wonbela
Vernonias pp
Girawa
Ximenia americana
Enkoy
Ziziphus mauritiana
Abeterie
Zizipus spina-christ
Gaba
Hyparrhenia subplumosa
Jingra
Striga hermonthica
Akencira /Metelem
Sorghum arundiaceum
sudan grass/Jora
Hyparrhenia cynescence
topaz grass
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
60
No.
Botanic name
Local name
Hygrophila auriculata
Amekila
Sorghum versicolor
Sembelet
68.
69.
70.
Ashama
71.
Workina
72.
Enkudkuda
73.
Betremusie
74.
Yewosfat enchet
75.
Yetota Enkudkuda
76.
Yeahiya abish
77.
gershema /yeferes zenig mesay
78.
mizane/ Kine mebrat
79.
Yebre Gomen
80.
yeahya abish
81.
Merta /yekaila enchet
2.
Conservation
No.
Scientific Name
Common Name
status
1.
Canis aureus
Lc
Caracal caracal
Caracal
LR/lc
Ceropithecus aethiops
Vervet Monkey
LR/lc
Civettics civetta
Crocuta crocuta
LR/lc
LR/lc
2.
3.
4.
5.
61
Conservation
No.
Scientific Name
Common Name
6.
Erythrocebus patas
Patas monkey
status
LR/lc
7.
Felis lybica
LR/lc
8.
Felis serval
Serval cat
LR/lc
9.
Funisciurus spp.
squirrel
10.
Hystrix cristata
Porcupine
LR/lc
12.
Lepus capensis
Mellivora capensis
Cape hare
Ratel (Honey badger)
VU
13.
Orycteropus afer
Aardvark
EN
14.
Ourebia ourebi
Oribi
LR/cd
15.
Panthera pardus
Leopard
LR/lc
16.
Papio anubis
Anubis baboon
LR/cd
17.
Phacochoerus africanus
warthog
LR/lc
18.
Procavia capensis
Rock hyrax
LR/lc
19.
Sylvicapra grimmia
common duiker
LR/lc
20.
Tragelaphus scriptus
Common bushbuck
LR/lc
21.
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
Greater kudu
LR/cd
22.
Python sebae
23.
Varanus salvadorii
Monitor lizard
24.
Naja haje
Egyptian cobra
11.
25.
Different lizards
26.
62
Appendex II
3.
No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Egyptian Goose
Alopochen aegyptiacus
Grey heron
Ardea cinera
Hadada ibis
Bostrychia hagedash
Bucorvus obyssinicus
Grasshopper Buzzard
Butastur rufipennis
Nubian woodpecker
Campethera nubica
Senegal Coucal
Centropus superciliosus
pied Kingfisher
Ceryle rudis
Speckled Pigeon
Columba oliviae
Abyssinian roller
Coracias abyssinica
Scally francolin
Francolinus squamatus
Indicator minor
Lizard buzzard
Kaupifalco monogrammicus
Lagonostica rubricata
Lamprotornins chalybeus
Melierax metabates
Melierax poliopterus
Black Kite
Milvus migrans
White wagtail
Motacilla clara
Helmeted Guineafowl
Numida meleagris
Namaqua Dove
Oena capensis
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
63
Status
No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Phoeniculus prupures
Meyers Parrot
Poicephalus meyeri
Psittacula krameri
Common Bulbul
Pycononotus barbatus
Hamarkob
Scopus umbretta
Streptopelia decipiens
Streptopelia roseogrisea
Tockus nasustus
Treron waalia
African Hoopoe
Malachite Kingfisher
Alcedo cristata
Verreauxs Eagle-Owl
Bubo lacteus
Cattle Egret
Bubulcus ibis
Redbilled Oxpecker
Lilac-breasted Roller
Coracia caudatus
Rufous-croened Roller
Coracias naevius
Corythaixoides leucogaster
Crinifer zonurus
Forktailed Drongo
Dicrurus adsimilis
Status
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
NT
Red-footed Falcon
Falco vespertinus
42.
EN
White -backed vulture
Gyps africanus
Longcrested Eagle
Lophaetus occipitalis
Merops nubicus
43.
44.
64
No.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Yellow-billed kite
Swainson's Sparrow
passer swainsonii
Prionops plumatus
Fourbanded Sandgrouse
Pterocles quadricinctus
Laughing Dove
Strepetopelia rsenegalensis
Streptopelina
White-cheeked Turaco
Tauraco leucotis
African ParadiseFlycatcher
Terpsiphone viridis
Sacred Ibis
Threskiornis aethiopicus
Redbilled Hornbill
Tockus erythrorhynchus
Whiteheaded Babbler
Turdoides leucocephala
Uraeginthus bengalus
Spurwinged Plover
Vanellus spinosus
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
4
/
waypoint X
1 227296 1490219
2 209032 1474372
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
209750
209859
210363
210531
210822
210578
210222
1473030
1473011
1472559
1472510
1472352
1472279
1472166
Z(M)
remark
652
851
839
848
859
480
834
842
830
65
Status
/
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
209928
209903
209925
209353
209463
209551
209884
210259
210341
210736
210824
211241
210441
210113
209562
209160
208758
208289
207833
207514
207314
207336
206886
206503
206283
206248
206516
207035
207249
208382
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