Pekelney 1

SamPekelney
Mr.Dioso
Trigonometry/PreCalculusHonors,Period5
9February2016

LogarithmicActivity
PopulationGrowthDepreciation

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Pekelney 2

1(a).Findthevalueofk.Isthepopulationincreasingor

I.

decreasing?Explain.

Equation: P=346.8 e kt

II.

BecausetheAvaluehasbeendividedby1,000,I
dividedthepopulationofRenoin2005by1,000.

III.

Ipluggedinthevaluesandtookthenaturallogof
bothsideoftheequationbecausethefunctionuses
thenaturalbasee.

IV.

Iusedthe3rdlogrule,whichbroughttheexponent
downtothefront.Oncethatwasdone,thenatural
baseeandthenaturallogcanceleachotherout.

V.

FinallyIcompletedandsolvedtheequationtofind
thevalueofkas0.026.

395=346.8 e k (5 )
ln 395=ln 346.8 ek (5 )

TofindtheValueofk,wefistneedtousethe
equationthatmodelsthepopulationgrowthofReno.

ln 395=k (5 ) ln346.8 e
ln 395=k (5 ) ln 346.8 e
ln 395=k (5 ) 346.8
ln

k (5)
395
=
346.8 346.9

0.1301 k (5)
=
5
5
k =0.026

Thefunctionisafunctionofgrowth.Sincethekvalueis
positive,thepopulationofRenowillcontinuetogrow.

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1(b).UsethemodeltofindthepopulationsofRenoin2010

I.

Tofindthepopulationinlateryears,Icalculatedthe
yearstothefutureyearwasfromtheyear2000,and
pluggedthenumberintotheoriginalpopulation
growthmodel.

II.

Themodelrevealedthatthepopulationin2010will
be450,000andin2015thepopulationwillbe
512,000.Becausethepopulationisinthousands,I
multiplytheanswerIgetby1,000.

and2015.AretheResultsreasonable?

Equation: P=346.8 e kt
( 0.026 ) 10
P=346.8 e
P=450 x 1000
Population of Reno2010 was 450,000

Yes.Theresultsarereasonablebecausethepopulation
inRenoincreasedatagradualrate.

( 0.026 ) 10
P=346.8 e

P=512 x 1000
Population of Reno2015 was 512,000
.

Series 1

Serries 3

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1(c).Accordingtothemodel,duringwhatyearwill

I.

populationreach500,000?

Equation: P=346.8 e kt

II.

FirstIstartedwiththeoriginalmodelanddivided
500,000by1,000tomatchtheunitsintheoriginal
model.

Isubstitutedthetimewiththevariablet.

500=346.8 e (0.026 )t
( 0.026 ) t

ln 500=ln 346.8 e

III.

NextItookthenaturallogofbothsides,whichcancels
outthenaturalbasee.Iusedthethirdlogruletobring
theexponenttothefront.

IV.

FinallyIsolvedfortime.Thepopulationwillreach
500,000in2014.

ln 500=t (0.026) ln 346.8 e

ln 500=t (0.026) ln 346.8 e

ln 500=t (0.026) 346.8

ln

500 t (0.026) 346.8

=
346.8
346.8

0.355859854 t (0.026)
=
0.026
0.026
t=14 years .The population will
reach500,0002014

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Pekelney 5

2(a).FindtheLinearmodel V =mt + b .
Equation: V =mt + b

I.

Tofindthelinearmodel,Ifirststaredwithslope
interceptformandpluggedinmyvalues.

II.

Isubtracted23,300anddividedbothsidesby2tofind
thevalueofmwhichis5,400.

I.

FirstIstartedwiththeexponentialmodelandplugged
intheknownvalues.

12,500=m ( 2 ) +23,300
10800 m(2)
=
2
2
m=5 , 400

2(b).Findtheexponentialmodel V =a ekt .
Equation: V =a ekt
12,500=23,300 e k (2)
ln 12,500=ln 23,300e k (2 )

II.

NextItookthenaturallogofbothsideswhich
canceledoutthenaturalbasee.

ln 12,500=k (2) ln 23,300 e

III.
ln 12,500=k (2) ln23,300 e
ln

12,500 k (2) 23,300

=
23,300
23,300
0.62 k (2)
=
2
2

Finally,Isolvedtheremainingequationtokindk,
whichis0.31.

Thisisadepreciationfunctionbecausethevalueofkisa
negativenumber.

k =0.31

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Pekelney 6
Graphof f ( x )=346.8 e (0.026) x
Population(yvalues)inthousands

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Graphof f ( x )=5,400 ( t ) +23,300

Price(yaxis)unitsareinthousands
Thetime(xaxis)unitsareinhundreds

Tofindprice,multiplytheyvalueonthegraphby1,000
Tofindthetime,dividethexvalueby10
Thevalueofthesportutilityvehiclebecome0after4.315years

Graphof f ( x )=23,300 e (0.31) x

Theprice(yaxis),unitsareinthousands

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Pekelney 8

Tofindprice,multiplytheyvalueonthegraphby1,000

Comparisonbetweenthelinearmodel f ( x )=5,400 ( t ) +23,300

andtheexponentialmodel f ( x )=23,300 e (0.31) x
Time(xaxis)valueunitsareinones
Price(yaxis)valueunitsareinthousands

2(c).Accordingtobothmodels,thevalueofthesportutilityvehiclewilllosevalue
fasterifisdepreciateslinearly.

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2(d).Findthebookvaluesofthesportutilityvehicleafter1

I.

FirstIchosethemodeltopluginthevalueoft.

yearand3yearsusingeachmodel.

II.

Equations: V =mt + b

NextIsubstitutedthevalues 1and3fortimeand
recordedmyresults.

Equation: V =a ekt
1Year
V =5,400 ( 1 )+ 23,300
Vafter 1 year =17,900
V =23,300 e (0.31 )1
V after 1 year =17,089.31

3years
V =5,400 ( 3 ) +23,300

1year

3Years

Vafter 3 years=7,100
V =23,300 e (0.31 )3
V after 3 year s=9,193.10

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2(e).Exponentialmodelshaveseveralkeycomponentsthathelpdescribethereasoning
behindcommonpatternofchange,whilelinearmodelsfindpatternsofchangeata
constantadditiverate.Exponentialmodelsmatchpatternsofchangeataconstant
multiplicativerate.Exponentialmodelsofgrowthanddecayareusefulwhenmeasuring
anquantityovertimethatoccursatapacethatisproportionaltothesizeofthequantity.
Forexampleifyouput$1,000and$5,000inatbankat4%interest,theaccountswill
increaseby$40and$200eachyear.Exponentialmodelsaregenerallymoreaccurate
whenmeasuringoveraperiodoftime.Linearmodelsaremoreaccuratewhenthereisa
steadypatternofincrease.

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