Andrew

Wireless
Solutions
Location Services
for LTE and
Migrating to the IP
future
November 2008
Martin Dawson
Chief Product Architect
Geometrix
martin.dawson@andrew.com

Copyright 2008
CommScope

Topics

A tour of wireless network positioning technologies

Wireless network location services architectures
- Location application scenario walk-throughs

LTE p
positioning
g technology
gy candidates
LTE location architectures
Evolution and Convergence
- The challenge of converged location service architectures
- Internet protocols
- The location-enabled network

Copyright 2008
CommScope

Positioning technologies
Cell-based and enhanced cell-based positioning
- Cell-ID
- Timing advance
- Timing advance and NMR

Uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA)

Downlink time difference of arrival (OTDOA)
GPS
- Autonomous
- Device-based AGPS
- Network-based
Network based AGPS
- Hybrid GPS

Measured Path Loss / RF pattern matching

Copyright 2008
CommScope

A quick tour of cellular positioning technologies

Cell info
& timing

Cell
info

SMLC

SMLC
Serving
BTS

Serving
BTS
uncertainty

Serving
cell
Basic cell location

Cell and Rx
level info

Uncertainty
arc-band
Enhanced-cell (with timing) location

RF survey DB

RF Pattern Matching (MPL)

GPS satellites
LMU

t1

BTS
SMLC
measurements t2

t3
t2

uncertainty

LMU
BTS
t1

LMU

BTS
measurements

SMLC

uncertainty
uncertainty

t3

BTS
Downlink time-of-arrival

Cell info

GPS
assistance data
&
measurements

Assisted GPS

Uplink time-of-arrival (LMU location measurement unit)

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CommScope

Focus on:
Uplink time difference of arrival - UTDOA

LMU
U

t4

AoA
LMU

LMU

t3

UTDOA takes timing measurements of standard handset

RF procedures (uplink). The time of arrival of the RF
sequences are recorded by LMUs. Each LMU is in a
known location, typically co-located with BTS for power
and communication infrastructure. The timing information
allows trilateration calculations to be performed an identify
the location of the handset.
LMUs may also be equipped with antennae capable of
providing angle of arrival measurements (AoA) which can
augment timing measurements where coverage or DOP is
poor.

t2
Calculated
C
l l t d area off
uncertainty
t1

LMU

Serving BTS

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CommScope

Focus on:
(Assisted) -GPS
WARN*

Periodic request for GPS

assistance data for defined
grids

MeasurePositionRequest
Position Info
MeasurePositionRequest
+ GPS assistance data
Position Info
MeasurePositionRequest + GPS
acquisition assistance data

GPS Data
Collector

GPS Measurements

A-GPS
P iti i F
Positioning
Function
ti

SMLC

Cell
Database

* Wide Area Reference Network (WARN)

of fixed GPS receivers used to
determine assistance data for the area
of coverage.
coverage

Autonomous GPS - GPS measurements and calculations performed completely in the device.
Device-based AGPS - Network provides assistance data and device calculates its own location.
Network-based AGPS - Network provides assistance data and device returns measurements; calculation of

location done in network. Note only fraction of assistance data compared to device-based AGPS needs to be
sent.
sent

Copyright 2008
CommScope

Focus on:
Hybrid AGPS
Periodic request for GPS
assistance data for defined
grids

WARN*

Network Measurement
Requests
Network Measurements
MeasurePositionRequest + GPS
acquisition assistance data

GPS Data
Collector

GPS + Network Measurements

Hybrid A-GPS
P iti i F
Positioning
Function
ti

SMLC

Cell
Database

* Wide Area Reference Network (WARN)

of fixed GPS receivers used to
determine assistance data for the area
of coverage.

Hybrid AGPS combines GPS measurements with other range measurements

Range measurements obtained from network e.g. Timing advance, Round trip time, Uplink time of arrival

measurements, etc.
Yield improvements are the primary benefit in times or in environments of poor GPS acquisition

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CommScope

Architectures 2G and 3G 3GPP Control Plane and SUPL

Applications

ALI

GMLC Gateway mobile location centre

SMLC Serving mobile location centre
SAS Standalone
S
d l
SMLC

UTDOA Uplink time-difference-of-arrival

PDE position determining entity
LMU location
l
ti measurementt unit
it

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CommScope

Security application (lawful intercept)

MT-LR on GSM using UTDOA.

14. Location
Response

I t
Internet
t
IP

Application
Server 2.Location

15. Application
Response

Request

Le

1.Application
Request

5. PSL

GMLC

MSC

Lg

12. Perform
Location
Response

SMLC

Lb

Lbis

13. PSL
Response
3. SRI
Lh

8 RPP PLR
8.

6. Perform
Location Request

4. SRI
response

BSC
HLR

11. RPP PLR

Response
7.UTDOA
7
UTDOA Req/Resp
(get channel info)

10. Provide Measurements

UTDOA
Server
9. Initiate
Measurements

Abis

Abis

Abis

LMU

BTS
BTS
LMU

BTS
LMU

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CommScope

Emergency Services Call UMTS SAS-centric

Initial Location (RTT)

16. Provide Location

(initial loc)

ESN

15. esposreq(initial loc)

ESME/
ALI

IP
14 ESPOSREQ(initial)
14.

13. Query Location

(initial)

GMLC

PSAP

SAS
10.SLR
12. Call setup

11.SLR Ack

WARN

MSC

PSTN
2.Emergency
Call Invoke

3.LRC

9.LRC
resp

RNC
6.RTT measure

Node
B

1 911
1.
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CommScope

10

Emergency Services Call UMTS SAS-centric

Location update (AGPS)

13. Provide Location

(updated locn)

ESME/
ALI

ESN

IP
2 ESPOSREQ
2.
(update)

1. Query Location

12. esposreq
(updated locn)

GMLC

PSAP

SAS
3.PSL

PSTN

11.PSL
resp

WARN

MSC

4.LRC

10. LRC
resp

RNC
7.AGPS req/resp

Node
B

911
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CommScope

11

Emergency Services Call UMTS SAS-centric

Call termination
ESME/
ALI

IP
ESN
GMLC
PSAP

SAS
2.SLR

PSTN

3.SLR Ack

WARN

MSC

RNC
1. Call terminate

Node
B

911
Copyright 2008
CommScope

12

Long Term Evolution Positioning Methods

All the same general methods apply

Basic cell coverage based on serving cell identity

Timing-enhanced

C
Currently
tl Ti
Timing
i Ad
Advance iis only
l RAN ti
timing
i measurementt

Approx 160m resolution

Better than GERAN TA, but coarser than UTRAN RTT

Network measurement reports

-

Received signal path loss for multiple neighbours available

Suitable for enhancing TA-based resolution

Suitable for RF pattern matching

Downlink timing
-

Best performance with synchronized eNodeB ideally < 50nsec

Good DL signal candidates with ~180kHz BW

Uplink timing
-

Good UL signal candidates with ~180kHz

180kHz to 1MHz BW

A-GPS
-

Basic A-GPS relatively independent of RAN type

TA limits options for hybrid unless OTDOA or UTDOA combined

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CommScope

13

Location Architectures for LTE

SUPL does not change

-SUPL 2.0 has added TA and Measured Results List to LID parameter of POS_INIT message

SA2 in 3GPP are currently defining control plane architecture

-Targeting
Targeting R9 (end of 2009)
-In early stage of debating architectural options
- Location methods and procedures need to be nailed down first
SLP

MLP
Applications

Lc

GMLC

Le
(MLP)

SCF

Lh
HSS

E2

User
Plane

ALI

Emergency
Services

eSMLC
Lup

S6a

PDN GW
Core

MME

S1
Serving GW

S1MME
S1-U
eNode
N
d B
Node
NodeBB

eUTRAN

Copyright 2008
CommScope

14

Most Significant Aspect of the Evolution

LTE is not just more of the same

Circuit Services have been dropped from this RAN
LTE is a packet only access
It is about broadband Internet access (not mobile phones)
- E.g.
E g by definition
definition, all voice calls are VoIP

Like WiMAX LTE is Mobile DSL

This has a significant implications for the location service
architecture
hit t
New Internet protocols for location (IETF)
New location conveyance method for presence/VoIP (IETF)
New protocol for location-enabled web applications (W3C)

Copyright 2008
CommScope

15

Beyond Cellular - The Convergence Challenge

Many different types of devices all accessing the Internet
- PDAs, smart phones, laptops, nettops, netbooks, desktops, UPMCs, MIDs,
cars, coke machines, games consoles, etc

Many different types of access network

- 2.5G, 3G, 4G, WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, Cable, FTTx, DSL, IPL, public, private,
enterprise,
p
, muni,, etc

Many different types of applications

- Navigation, VoIP Routing, Friend Finders, Fleet Trackers, Social Networkers,
Workforce Managers,
Managers Emergency Services
Services, Roadside Services
Services, Points of
Interest, Child Finders, Traffic Warnings, Weather Warnings, Bargain Finders
etc

Devices work across manyy networks, applications

pp
dont ((want to)) know
about networks, applications want to work on any device.
Devices are computers Applications are software - Networks are IP
ONE LOCATION SERVICE FOR ALL DEVICES, APPLICATIONS, NETWORKS
Copyright 2008
CommScope

16

IETF Model for Location-Enabled Networks

Provide a common location service for all access networks
Discoverable by devices as they move from one point of
connect to the next
Common IP-based location query protocol
Common location forms
Just like DHCP, DNS, NAT, etc. the Location Service
becomes a common discoverable facility in any IP Network
Reference the HTTP Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)
protocol specification
The location service is supported by the Location Information
Server (LIS).

Copyright 2008
CommScope

17

LIS Provide a Common Location Service for all Application Domains

across all Networks
Foreign network

Device
Applications
WiMAX

e.g. Hotspot Net

DSL

LIS

LIS

Cable/Wireline

LIS
UMTS/HSDPA
LIS

EV-DO/1XRTT
EV
DO/1XRTT

LTE

LIS

LIS

LIS

IMS
Operator
packet
k t core
The Internet

Foreign
packet core
Foreign Core IMS

Internet Applications and Services

Copyright 2008
CommScope

18

Internet standards for location applications

Presence/VoIP service protocols for location conveyance
- Defined for SIP as location conveyance
- Used for
o NGN
G e
emergency
e ge cy se
services
ces ((i2,, i3,
3, ECRIT)
C
)
- Seamless integration with IMS

Web services standards W3Cs Geolocation Specification

- Firefox Geode: Web sites know where you are CNet News Oct 08
- W3C specification for location information conveyance from devices to web
services
- Location
Location-enables
enables map services,
services local information services,
services advertising/yellow
pages, any web service

Location-enabled networks provide value to their subscribers

Successful location-enabled
location enabled networks will be Internet protocol
friendly

Copyright 2008
CommScope

19

The converged location service

Powered by ANDREW
Geometrix

enterprise
LIS

BP
LIS

BP
LIS

DSL provider
WiMAX
operator
E
Enterprise
i

BP
LIS

ISP
LIS
ISP

The
Internet

Cable broadband
provider

3G operator

AP
LIS

BP
LIS
MLC

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CommScope

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