ENME 204 Fluids Tutorial problems Set 3 Solutions

1.

First calculate the speed of the flow:

1.0kgs 1
0.51ms 1
2
0.050m
1000kgm 3
4

Now the pressure gradient:

u

m&

0.51ms 1
p*
u2
3

1000 kgm
n
rc
0.20m

1,300 Pa m 1

Note that the piezometric pressure grad ient is equal to the static pressure gradient as there is no cha

p* p

n n
Now multiply this by the diameter of the pipe to give the pressure difference between the inside and
d

p
0.050m.1300 m 1 65 Pa (2 s.f.)
n
2.

V2
p

n
r
for r R
Vr
V (r ) o
*

p *

V0 r

V02 r
R2

and for r R
V R
V (r ) 0
r
p *

V0 R

V02 R 2
r3

3. Solution:
Free vortex portion: V= /(2r) = VoR/r r>R
Forced vortex portion: V= r = Vor/R
Therefore:

rR

/(2) = VoR

and: = Vo/R
Solving these last two equations for R and equating them gives: R = /(2Vo) = Vo/
or: Vo2= /(2) which is: Vo= [/(2)]0.5
so: Vo= [(10 N-s/kg)(1 kg-m/N-s2)(5 Hz)(2)[2)]0.5 = 7.07107 m/s

R = Vo/ = (7.07107 m/s)/[(5 Hz)(2)] = 0.225079 m

(a)
At r = R/2 = (0.225079 m)/2 = 0.1125395 m
And V= r = Vor/R = (7.07107 m/s ) (0.5) = 3.53554 m/s
= 789 kg/m3
p/r = V2/r = (789 kg/m3) (3.53554 m/s) 20.1125395 m) = 87.3258 kPa/m
= 87 kPa/m (2 SF)
(b)
At r = R = 0.225079 m
And V= r = Vor/R = 7.07107 m/s
p/r = V2/r = (789 kg/m3) (7.07107 m/s) 20.225079 m) = 175.2719 kPa/m
= 180 kPa/m (2 SF)
(c)
At r = 1.5*R = 1.5(0.225079) m = 0.3376185 m
And V= /(2r) = VoR/r = (7.07107 m/s)(0.6666667) = 4.71405 m/s
p/r = V2/r = (789 kg/m3) (4.71405 m/s) 20.3376185 m) = 51.9324 kPa/m
= 52 kPa/m (2 SF)
4.
a)

V0

b) The central part is a forced vortex, the surrounding is a free vortex. This might be found
anywhere where there is a stirring mechanism driving a forced vortex, far from solid
boundaries. A stirrer in a large mixing tank for example. (Other answers are possible)
c) Assuming circular motion with negligible change in height

The pressure gradient normal to a curved streamline is given by

p
u2

(2 marks)
r
r
Vr
u (r ) o for the central forced vortex
R
V 2r
p
o2
r
R
separate variables and integrate
0 Pagauge

P ( r 0)

r R

V 2 r 2
V 2r
dp 0 P (r 0) o 2 dr o 2
R
2R

r 0

r R

r 0

1.0ms
V2
o 1000kgm 3
2
2

1 2

500 Pa

(2 marks for correct procedure)

P( r 0) 500 Pa gauge to 2 s.f.
Note Bernoulli should not be used as the pressure gradient of interest lies perpendicular
to the streamlines.