TL MP Mo Phong CNHH New 4531

NGUYN TH MINH HIN
M PHNG
CNG NGH HO HC
Nhm M phng Cng ngh Ha hc v Du kh

Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni
LI GII THIU
Trong lnh vc cng ngh ho hc hin nay c rt nhiu phn mm m
phng ca cc cng ty phn mm c pht trin v s dng rng ri trong
thit k cng ngh, nh: PRO/II, DYNSIM (Simsci); HYSIM, HYSYS, HTFS,
STX/ACX, BDK (AspenTech); UNISIM (Honeywell-UOP); PROSIM,
TSWEET (Bryan Research & Engineering); Design II (Winsim); IDEAS
Simulation; Simulator 42,, trong ph bin nht l PRO/II, DYNSIM
(Simsci), HYSYS (AspenTech) v UNISIM (Honeywell-UOP).
S pht trin mnh m ca cng ngh ho hc trong th k 21, i hi mi
k s cng ngh cn phi hiu v s dng thnh tho t nht mt trong s cc
phn mm m phng ph bin trn.
Cc phn mm m phng u c c s nhit ng hc rt vng chc v
y , kh nng thit k linh hot, cng vi mc chnh xc v tnh thit
thc ca cc h nhit ng cho php thc hin cc m hnh tnh ton rt gn vi
thc t cng ngh. Cc cng c m phng cng ngh rt mnh phc v cho
nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng ngh ca cc k s trn c s hiu bit v
cc qu trnh cng ngh ho hc, p ng cc yu cu cng ngh nn tng c
bn cho m hnh ho v m phng cc qu trnh cng ngh t khai thc ti ch
bin trong cc nh my x l kh v nh my lm lnh su, cho n cc qu
trnh cng ngh lc ho du v cng ngh ho hc.
mc c bn, vic hiu bit v la chn ng cc cng c m phng
v cc cu t cn thit, cho php m hnh ho v m phng cc qu trnh cng
ngh mt cch ph hp v tin cy. iu quan trng nht l phi hiu bit su
sc qu trnh cng ngh trc khi bt u thc hin m phng, bi v m phng
ch cung cp cc cng c phc v cho m phng tnh ton cng ngh, m khng
th suy ngh thay cho cc k s.
Trong s UNISIM v HYSYS l cc phn mm m phng cng ngh
ha hc ang c s dng rng ri trong cc trng i hc cng ngh. Quyn
sch ny s gii thiu cho sinh vin ln u tin s dng UNISIM v c t hoc
cha c kinh nghim m phng trn my tnh, v cung l gio trnh dnh cho
sinh vin nm th ba ca cc trng i hc cng ngh, ng thi quyn sch
c th s dng nh mt ch dn cho cc kha hc cao hn trong cng ngh ha
hc, khi UNISIM nh mt cng c m phng gii quyt cc vn cng

ngh. Hn na c th s dng quyn sch ny ng thi cho c sinh vin v k
s thc hnh, nh mt ti liu hng dn hay mt quyn s tay cho cc kha
hc UNISIM.
Phn mm UNISIM chy trong mi trng Windows c giao din thn
thin vi ngi s dng. UNISIM cung ging nh tt c cc phn mm khc
lun lun c s pht trin phin bn mi, tuy nhin phn c bn hu nh khng
thay i t phin bn ny n phin bn khc, quyn sch ny hng dn s
dng UNISIM DESIGN, c cng ty Honeywell-UOP cung cp c bn quyn
ti phng th nghim Cng ngh Lc Ho du v Vt liu xc tc trng i
hc Bch khoa H Ni. Sau khi ci t ngi s dng ch cn c hiu bit c
bn v my tnh l c th s dng c. UNISIM l chng trnh m phng rt
phc tp v v th trong mt cun sch khng th cp n tt c cc vn .
Quyn sch ny t trng tm vo phn c bn ca UNISIM, nhm gip cho
nhng sinh vin ln u tin lm quen vi m phng c th nm bt c v
dn dn s dng thnh tho trong tnh ton thit k cng ngh.
Trong phm vi quyn sch ny s nghin cu tm hiu cc thit b c m
phng trong UNISIM, s dng cc cng c ca UNISIM m phng mt s
qu trnh cng ngh ho hc n gin, nghin cu nh hng ca cc thng s
cng ngh n cht lng sn phm. Chng 7 s a ra cc ng dng m
phng trong vn dng cc kin thc c cung cp trong cc chng
trc m phng mt s qu trnh cng ngh ho hc t n gin n
phc tp. V vy i hi ngi s dng phi hc nghim tc v thc hnh thnh
tho ton b cc chng trc th mi c th lm c cc bi ng dng trong
chng ny, v khi s thy ht sc th v v hiu qu.
c bit nm 2012 cc sinh vin K52 ngnh Cng ngh Ho Du tham
gia cuc thi S dng phn mm UNISIM Design thit k m phng cng
ngh do Honeywell t chc hng nm cho sinh vin Chu - Thi Bnh
Dng, t gii nht v mt gii nh.
Cc sinh vin nm cui chuyn ngnh Cng ngh Hu c Ho Du, trng
i hc Bch khoa H Ni - cc tr ging - tham gia rt nhit tnh, lm vic rt
nghim tc v c hiu qu gp phn rt quan trng ti liu ny c th
hon thnh.
Gio trnh ny c bin son ln u nn khng trnh khi thiu st, rt
mong nhn c s gp ca nhng ngi s dng sa cha b sung cho
nhng ln ti bn sau c tt hn. Xin chn thnh cm n.
Tc gi
MC LC
Chng 1.
GII THIU V M PHNG ...................................... 3
1.1
Mc ch ca m phng .................................................................... 3
1.2
Gii thiu cc phn mm m phng cng ngh ha hc ..................... 5
1.3
Phn mm m phng UNISIM DESIGN ........................................... 6
Chng 2.
PHNG TRNH TRNG THI ............................... 27
2.1
Phng trnh trng thi Cc biu thc ton hc............................. 28
2.2
Thc hin m phng ....................................................................... 28
2.3
Nhp thm bin trong Workbook ..................................................... 31
2.4
S dng Case Studies ...................................................................... 34
2.5
Thay i Fluid Package ................................................................... 37
2.6
Tm tt v n tp chng 2 ............................................................. 37
2.7
Bi tp ............................................................................................ 38
Chng 3.
CC THIT B PH TR ......................................... 39
3.1
Bm................................................................................................ 40
3.2
My nn.......................................................................................... 45
3.3
Tuc bin gin n kh (Expander) ..................................................... 51
3.4
Thit b trao i nhit ...................................................................... 55
3.5
Thp tch pha ................................................................................. 58
3.6
Cyclon ............................................................................................ 64
3.7
Ejector ............................................................................................ 68
3.8
Tm tt v n tp chng 3 ............................................................. 85
3.9
Bi tp nng cao.............................................................................. 86
Chng 4.
CC THIT B PHN NG ...................................... 87
4.1
Thit b phn ng chuyn ho ......................................................... 88
4.2
Thit b phn ng cn bng ............................................................. 96
4.3
Thit b phn ng Gibbs ................................................................ 106
4.4
Thit b phn ng khuy lin tc (CSTR) ...................................... 112
4.5
Thit b phn ng dng y (PFR)................................................. 127
Chng 5.
CC CNG C TNH TON .................................. 136
5.1
Cng c logic Adjust ..................................................................... 137
5.2
Cng c logic Set .......................................................................... 140
5.3
Cng c logic Recycle ................................................................... 144
5.4
Tnh ton thng s thp chng bng Shortcut Distillation .............. 147
5.5
Phn chia dng cc cu t bng Component Splitter ...................... 150
5.6
Bng tnh (Spreadsheet) ................................................................ 153
5.7
Ti u ho (Optimizer).................................................................. 161
5.8
Tm tt v n tp chng 5 ........................................................... 184
Chng 6.
CC M HNH PHN TCH .................................. 186
6.1
Thp hp th ................................................................................. 187
6.2
Thp chng luyn ......................................................................... 196
Chng 7.
M PHNG MT S QU TRNH CNG NGH

HO HC .............................................................. 215
7.1
Qu trnh dehydro ho n-Heptan sn xut Toluen .......................... 216
7.2
Qu trnh hydroclo ho etylen ....................................................... 218
7.3
Qu trnh oxi ho Etylen ............................................................... 221
7.4
Qu trnh chng tch hn hp hydrocacbon nh ............................ 223
7.5
Qu trnh tng hp Ethylene Glycol (EG) t Ethylene ................... 224
7.6
Qu trnh tng hp Maleic Anhydride (MA) t Benzene ............... 225
7.7
Qu trnh tng hp Styrene t Ethyl Benzene (EB) ........................ 227
7.8
Qu trnh tng hp Amoniac ......................................................... 228
7.9
Qu trnh c c dung dch ............................................................ 229
PFD Chng 7 ........................................................................................ 231
GII NGHA MT S CM T TING ANH TRONG M PHNG

................................................................................ 236
TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................. 238
Chng 1. GII THIU V M PHNG

1.1
Mc ch ca m phng
M phng Simulation l phng php m hnh ho da trn vic thit

lp m hnh s, v vy cn c gi l Digital Simulation. y l mt cng c
rt mnh gii cc biu thc ton hc m t cc qu trnh cng ngh ho hc.
m phng mt qu trnh trong thc t i hi trc ht phi thit lp m
hnh nguyn l ca qu trnh v mi lin h gia cc thng s lin quan. Tip
l s dng cc cng c ton hc m t m hnh nguyn l, la chn cc
thut ton cn thit. Cui cng l tin hnh x l cc biu thc vi cc iu
kin rng buc.
Trong thc t vic tnh ton gp hai kh khn. Th nht l gii h cc
phng trnh i s phi tuyn (thng phi s dng phng php tnh lp). Th
hai l php tnh tch phn ca cc biu thc vi phn (s dng cc biu thc vi
phn hu hn ri rc xp x cc biu thc vi phn lin tc). Cc m hnh
ton hc rt hu ch trong tt c cc giai on, t nghin cu trin khai n ci
tin pht trin nh my, v ngay c trong nghin cu cc kha cnh thng mi
v kinh t ca qu trnh cng ngh.
Trong nghin cu cng ngh, da trn cc s liu nghin cu v c ch v
ng hc ca phn ng trong phng th nghim hoc cc phn xng pilot,
nh gi nh hng ca cc iu kin tin hnh qu trnh nghin cu ti u ho
v iu khin qu trnh, bao gm c nghin cu tnh ton m rng quy m sn
xut (scale-up).
Trong nghin cu thit k, tnh ton kch thc v cc thng s ca thit b
v ton b dy chuyn cng ngh, nh gi nh hng ca cc yu t ng hc,
nghin cu tng tc nh hng ln nhau ca cc cng on trong cng ngh
khi c s tun hon nguyn liu hoc trao i nhit tn dng ti u nhit ca
qu trnh. M phng tnh ton iu khin qu trnh, khi ng, dng nh my,
x l cc s c v cc tnh hung xy ra trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my.
Mt qu trnh cng ngh ho hc trong thc t l mt tp hp gm rt
nhiu yu t ht sc phc tp c nh hng ln nhau (cc thng s cng ngh
nh nhit , p sut, lu lng dng, thnh phn hn hp phn ng, xc tc,
cc qu trnh phn ng song song v ni tip, hiu ng nhit ca phn ng, cn
bng pha trong h thng,). phc tp ca qu trnh tng ln, ng ngha
vi s lng cc thng s lin quan, cc bin s, cc phng trnh, cc biu
thc ton hc, cc iu kin rng buc tng ln. Gii quyt ng thi cc vn
trn i hi mt khi lng tnh ton cc k ln, vic tnh ton bng tay i
hi rt nhiu thi gian v hu nh l khng th thc hin c mt cch chnh
xc v tin cy.
Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm tin hc, s ra i ca

cc phn mm m phng, vic nghin cu tnh ton thit k cng ngh bng
phng php m phng ang ngy cng pht trin, tr nn ph bin v
chim u th. M phng cng ngh bng cc phn mm m phng vi s tr
gip ca my vi tnh l gii php hiu qu, ton din v cho kt qu tin cy.
Trong ngnh cng ngh ho hc, m phng ng vai tr v cng quan
trng trong vic nghin cu thit k cng ngh, phn tch, vn hnh v ti u
ho h thng, iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh gn vi cc qu trnh trong
thc t, v c trong cc nghin cu tnh ton ti u ho v mt kinh t ca qu
trnh cng ngh.
Chng trnh m phng ni chung bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
Th vin c s d liu (cc h nhit ng, cc cu t bao gm cc tnh

cht vt l v ho l ca chng,) v cc thut ton lin quan n vic
truy cp v tnh ton cc tnh cht ho l ca cc cu t v hn hp cu
t, thit lp cc cu t gi. C th b sung cc cu t, hoc thay i cc
h n v trong chng trnh p ng yu cu ca ngi s dng.
Cc cng c m phng cho cc thit b c th c trong h thng cng

ngh ho hc nh: bm, my nn, tucbin gin n kh, thit b trao i
nhit, thp tch hai pha v ba pha, chng ct, hp th, trn dng, chia
dng Phn ny c cha cc m hnh ton v thut ton phc v cho
qu trnh tnh ton cc thng s ca thit b v cc thng s cng ngh
ca qu trnh cng ngh c m phng.
Cc cng c logic phc v cho vic tnh ton tun hon nguyn liu,
thit lp cc thng s cng ngh, iu chnh cc thng s theo yu cu
cng ngh, tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng, tnh
ton cn bng pha,
Cc cng c m phng cc qu trnh iu khin (iu khin nhit ,

iu khin p sut, iu khin lu lng dng, iu khin mc cht
lng...) trong qu trnh vn hnh quy trnh cng ngh ho hc.
Chng trnh iu hnh chung ton b hot ng ca cc cng c m

phng v ngn hng d liu.
Chng trnh x l thng tin: lu tr, xut, nhp, in d liu v kt

qu tnh ton c t qu trnh m phng.
H tr vic kt ni gia cc chng trnh m phng khc nhau, kt ni

vi cc module xy dng cc thit b c bit do ngi s dng to ra
bng cc ngn ng lp trnh nh Visual Basic, Visual C++,
1.2
Gii thiu cc phn mm m phng cng ngh ha hc
M phng cc qu trnh cng ngh ha hc v cng ngh ch bin du kh,

cng ngh tng hp hu c ha du c th c thc hin bng nhiu phn
mm m phng khc nhau. Trong ph bin nht l PRO/II, DYNSIM
(Simsci-Esscor), ASPEN HYSYS, ASPEN PLUS (AspenTech) v UNISIM
DESIGN (Honeywell-UOP).
Nm 1966 cng ty phn mm Simulation Science c tr s ti Los Angeles
(M) a ra phn mm m phng thp chng luyn u tin, mang tn
PROCESS l tin thn ca phn mm PROII sau ny. Ngy nay cng ty pht
trin mnh m, Invensys Systems SimSci-Esscor division (gi tt l SimSci),
tr thnh mt trong ba cng ty cung cp phn mm m phng cng ngh
mnh nht trn th gii, vi cc phn mm m phng cng ngh rt ph bin l
PROII v DYNSYM.
Nm 1969 cng ty ChemShare c tr s chnh ti Houston (M) a ra
phn mm DESIGN, c tip tc pht trin thnh DESIGN II v WINSIM,
ng dng trong lnh vc du kh. S pht trin ca cc ngnh cng nghip lc
du v ho du thc y s ra i ca cc gi phn mm m phng cng
ngh mi.
Trong nhng nm 1970-80 c coi l thi k hong kim ca my tnh,
ngn ng lp trnh FORTRAN tr thnh ph bin, nhiu phn mm m phng
cng ngh ra i trong giai on ny.
Nm 1976 V Nng lng ca M (US Dept. of Energy) v trng i hc
MIT danh ting cng tham gia D n H thng nng cp cc qu trnh cng
ngh (Advanced System for Process Engineering (ASPEN) Project), sau ny
c i tn thnh ASPEN PLUS (ASPEN Tech).
Cung trong nm 1976 cng ty Hyprotech c thnh lp, c tr s chnh
ti Calgary, Canada, l cng ty con ca tp on AEA Technology. Hyprotech
l cng ty chuyn pht trin v cung cp cc phn mm m phng v ti u ha
ng dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip ho cht, dc phm v du kh.
Hyprotech cung cp cc sn phm ca mnh cho 14 trong s 15 cng ty du
kh ln nht th gii, 13 trong s 14 cng ty ha cht hng u, 8 trong s 10
cng ty dc phm hng u, tt c cc cng ty x l khng kh hng u th
gii. Trong nm ti chnh 2002, Hyprotech c doanh thu khong $ 68.500.000.
Nm 1981, cng ty AspenPlus c thnh lp trn c s d n ASPEN, c
tr s ti Cambridge, Massachusetts (M) l mt cng ty chuyn cung cp phn
mm v cc dch v lin quan nh t vn, bo tr v o to. Thng 10 nm
2002, AspenPlus hon thnh giao dch mua li cng ty Hyprotech t AEA, v
t i tn thnh AspenTech. AspenTech pht trin mt lot cc sn phm

phn mm, bao gm c phn mm m phng cng ngh cung cp bn quyn
cho 46 trong tng s 50 cng ty ha cht ln nht th gii, 23 trong s 25 cng
ty du kh ln nht, 18 trong s 20 cng ty dc phm ln nht th gii. Trong
nm ti chnh 2003, cng ty AspenTech c tng doanh thu $ 323.000.000.
Nm 1982 nh du s ra i ca my tnh c nhn (PC). Cung trong nm
ny cng ty ChemStations pht trin phn mm ChemCAD, c ng dng
rng ri trong lnh vc ho hc.
Thng 12 nm 2004, cng ty Honeywell hon thnh giao dch mua li sn
phm Hysys bn quyn t cng ty AspenTech bao gm c m ngun v c s d
liu, v pht trin phn mm ca mnh vi tn gi l UniSim Design. Phin bn
u tin l UniSim Design R350 c cng b vo thng 5 nm 2005. n nm
2006, Honeywell nng cp v cho ra i phin bn UniSim Design R360, c
mt s ci tin lin quan n cc qu trnh vn chuyn v x l vt liu dng rn.
Nhng phin bn u tin ny c h tr c cc case m phng bng Hysys. ng
thi c th ghi li cc case m phng theo nh dng ca Hysys 2004.2 tr v
trc. iu cho php c th thc hin chuyn i gia hai phn mm Hysys v
Unisim Design. Cc tnh nng vn chuyn v x l vt liu dng rn tip tc c
nng cp trong phin bn UniSim Design R370 ra i thng 3 nm 2007.
Honeywell tip tc u t vo phn mm m phng cng ngh UniSim, s
dng c hai i ngu nhn vin pht trin c kinh nghim t AspenTech v ca
Honeywell c hiu bit su sc cc qu trnh cng ngh. n cui nm 2012
phin bn UniSim Design R410 c nng cp thm nhiu tnh nng h tr cho
m phng cng ngh. Vi phin bn ny c th lu li case m phng theo nh
dng ca Unisim hoc Hysys, thun tin cho ngi s dng c th lm vic tip tc
bng phn mm Unisim hoc Hysys
1.3
Phn mm m phng UNISIM DESIGN
UNISIM DESIGN l sn phm ca cng ty Honeywell-UOP. UNISIM l

phn mm chuyn dng tnh ton m phng cng ngh ch bin du kh v
cng ngh ho hc. UNISIM l phn mm c kh nng tnh ton a dng, cho
kt qu c chnh xc cao, ng thi cung cp nhiu thut ton s dng, tr
gip trong qu trnh tnh ton cng ngh, kho st cc thng s trong qu trnh
thit k v iu khin cc nh my ch bin du kh v tng hp ho du.
Ngoi th vin c sn, UNISIM cho php ngi s dng to cc th vin
ring hoc cho php lin kt vi cc chng trnh tnh ton hoc cc phn mm
khc nh Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Excel, Visio, C ++, Java Kh nng
ni bt ca UNISIM l t ng tnh ton cc thng s cn li nu thit lp

thng tin do s trnh c sai st v c th thay i cc iu kin cung nh
s dng cc d liu u vo khc nhau.
UNISIM c thit k s dng cho hai trng thi m phng l m phng
ng v m phng tnh. M phng tnh (Steady Mode) c s dng nghin
cu thit k cng ngh cho mt qu trnh, ti u ho cc iu kin cng ngh.
Vi mi mt b s liu ban u, mi iu kin cng ngh xc nh khi qu trnh
tnh ton hi t, kt qu thu c tng ng vi cc iu kin , khng thay
i theo thi gian. Khi thay i cc iu kin ban u hay cc ch cng ngh
khc nhau th s thu c cc kt qu khc nhau tng ng. T c th xc
nh c cc yu t nh hng ln qu trnh v mc nh hng ca tng
yu t. Bng vic so snh cc kt qu s la chn v thit lp c iu kin
ti u cho mt qu trnh no . M phng tnh c s dng nghin cu
thit k mt qu trnh cng ngh mi hoc tnh ton ci tin, pht trin m rng
quy m mt qu trnh cng ngh sn c, a ra cc phng n khc nhau so
snh nh gi nhm tm ra gii php ti u.
M phng ng (Dynamic Mode) dng m phng thit b hay qu trnh
trng thi ang vn hnh lin tc c cc thng s thay i theo thi gian,
kho st s thay i cc p ng ca h thng theo s thay i ca mt vi
thng s cng ngh. Trng thi m phng ng cho thy s nh hng ca cc
thng s cng ngh theo thi gian v c th thit lp cung nh khc phc cc s
c c th xy ra khi vn hnh cng ngh trn thc t, tm ra cc nguyn nhn v
bin php gii quyt cc s c . iu ny c ngha c bit quan trng
trong o to cc k s vn hnh, hiu bit tng tn v cng ngh, thnh tho
v c kinh nghim trc khi tham gia vn hnh nh my thc t, trong iu
kin hin nay cc nh my ho cht v du kh vi k thut hin i, vn hnh
ch t ng ho rt cao.
S dng UNISIM gip gim chi ph cho qu trnh cng ngh do c th ti
u cc thit b trong dy chuyn m vn m bo c yu cu v cht lng
sn phm. UNISIM cho php tnh ton vn tn dng nhit, ti u c vn
nng lng trong qu trnh sn xut, tun hon nguyn liu nhm tng hiu
sut ca qu trnh. UNISIM c mt th vin m cc thit b, cc cu t v cung
cp phng tin lin kt vi cc c s d liu khc, cho php m rng phm
vi chng trnh v rt gn vi thc t cng ngh.
UNISIM c mt s lng ln cc cng c m phng, h tr hiu qu trong
nghin cu m phng, vi giao din thn thin v d s dng, c bit vi
nhng ngi bt u lm quen vi chng trnh m phng.
Trnh t thc hin m phng theo cc bc sau y:

1. Xy dng c s m phng:
Nhp cc cu t trong thnh phn nguyn liu.
La chn h nhit ng ph hp.
Khi to cc phn ng.
2. Xy dng lu trnh PFD:
Khai bo cc thng s v thnh phn ca dng nguyn liu.
Xy dng s cng ngh vi cc thit b cn thit.
Cung cp y cc thng s cng ngh cn thit cho thit b.
3. Chy chng trnh m phng:
c kt qu.
Nghin cu, nh gi nh hng ca cc thng s cng ngh.
1. Bt u vi UNISIM
Khi ng UNISIM bng cch bm vo biu tng ca UNISIM, trn mn
hnh my tnh s xut hin giao din nh trong hnh 1.1. Trc khi thc hin
m phng, UNISIM cn phi bin i giao din ban u ny. Ti y s thc
hin la chn cc cu t cn thit v h nhit ng ph hp cho m phng.
Hnh 1.1. Giao din m u xut hin khi khi ng UNISIM
2. Qun l c s m phng
UNISIM s dng khi nim h nhit ng (Fluid Package) bao gm tt c
cc thng tin cn thit tnh ton cc tnh cht vt l v cn bng pha ca hn
hp nhiu cu t. Cch tip cn ny cho php xc nh tt c cc thng tin (cc
tnh cht nhit ng, cc cu t, cc cu t gi nh, cc h s tng tc bc
hai, cc phn ng ho hc, cc s liu dng bng,) bn trong mt gi.
C bn u im chnh ca cch tip cn ny:
Tt c thng tin kt ni c xc nh ti mt ni cho php to ra hay
sa i cc thng tin mt cch d dng.
H nhit ng c th c lu li sau khi xc nh v c th s dng cho
cc m phng khc khi cn n.
Danh sch cc cu t trong hn hp c lu tr ring bn ngoi h
nhit ng nn c th s dng c cho cc bi ton m phng khc khi
cn n.
C th s dng nhiu h nhit ng trong cng mt chng trnh m
phng. Tuy nhin cc h nhit ng ny cng c xc nh trong Basis
Manager.
Simulation Basis Manager l giao din thuc tnh cho php thit lp v
iu khin nhiu h nhit ng hoc danh sch cc cu t trong hn hp s
dng trong m phng.
3. Bt u m phng
S dng mt trong ba cch sau bt u mt bi m phng mi: chn
File/new/case, hoc s dng phm tt Ctrl+N, hoc bm vo biu tng new
case
trn thanh cng c.
Khi giao din Simulation Basis Manager s xut hin (hnh 1.2). Trong
giao din ny c cc tab. Thng s dng cc tab sau:
Components tab s dng khi nhp cc cu t
Fluid Pkgs tab s dng khi chn H Nhit ng (Fluid Package)
Hypotheticals s dng khi thit lp cc cu t gi nh
Oil Manager s dng khi thit lp cc cu t cho du th
Reactions tab s dng khi thit lp cc phn ng ho hc
Menu chnh
Thanh cng c
Cc tab
Hnh 1.2. Giao din Simulation Basis Manager
4. Nhp cc cu t
Bc u tin khi to c s m phng l nhp cc cu t (n cht v
hp cht) s c mt trong chng trnh m phng. Trnh t tin hnh nh sau:
1. nhp cc cu t cho m phng bm vo phm Add trong giao din
Simulation Basis Manager (hnh 1.2).
2. Sau khi bm phm Add s xut hin danh sch tt c cc cu t c trong
th vin ca UNISIM (hnh 1.3).
3. Chn cc cu t cn thit cho chng trnh m phng t danh sch. C
th tm cc cu t trong danh sch bng mt trong ba cch sau y: chn
Sim Name, hoc chn Full Name, hoc chn Formula.
10
Hnh 1.3. Giao din Component List
4. Nhp tn hoc cng thc cn tm vo Match pha trn. V d khi chn

Sim Name v nhp tn water vo Match, s nhn thy dng tng
ng vi water c nh du. Nu khng tm thy, c th th s dng
tn khc hoc th tm bng cc Full Name hoc Formula.
5. Khi chn c cng thc thch hp, nhp p vo cht va chn hoc
bm vo phm Add Pure nhp cht vo danh sch cc cu t
chn Selected Components.
6. pha di giao din ny c Name, c th t tn cho danh sch cc
cu t va chn.
7. Khi hon thnh cc bc trn, ng ca s ny li, s tr li giao din
Simulation Basis Manager.
Sau khi nhp cc cu t cn thit vo danh sch, lu vo mt th mc
xc nh trc khi tip tc qu trnh m phng. Chn File/Save as v chn th
mc thch hp, khng lu vo th mc mc nh xut hin.
5. La chn H nhit ng (Fluids Package)
Sau khi nhp cc cu t cho m phng, tip theo l la chn H Nhit
ng (Fluid Package) cho m phng. Fluid Package c s dng tnh ton
dng v cc tnh cht nhit ng ca cc cu t v hn hp trong qu trnh m
phng (v d nh enthalpy, entropy, t trng, cn bng lng - hi, ). V th
11
vic la chn h nhit ng ph hp c ngha rt quan trng, l c s tnh

ton m phng cho kt qu ng.
1. Ti giao din Simulation Basis Manager (hnh 1.2), chn Fluid Pkgs
tab, s hin th ca s nh trn hnh 1.4.
Hnh 1.4. Giao din Fluid Package
2. Bm vo phm Add s hin th ca s nh trong hnh 1.5 chn mt

fluid pkgs ph hp. Trong bng Property Package Selection bao gm cc
h nhit ng c trong UNISIM. Bn cnh bng ny l cc phm chn
cc loi h nhit ng c chia thnh 6 nhm: Cc phng trnh trng
thi (EOSs), cc m hnh tnh ton khc nhau. Tu thuc vo thnh phn,
tnh cht ca hn hp v cc thng s cng ngh m la chn h nhit
ng ph hp.
3. T danh sch Fluid Package chn h nhit ng ph hp. Danh sch cc
Fluid Package c th c rt gn bng cch c chn lc nh cc b lc
pha bn phi danh sch (v d nh EOS, activity model, ...).
4. Khi chn c h nhit ng ph hp, nhp n chut vo (khng
cn nhp p). V d trong hnh 1.5, la chn phng trnh trng thi
Peng-Robinson.
12
5. C th t tn cho fluid package vo ca s nh Name pha di giao

din. V d trong hnh 1.5 tn ca fluid package l Basis-1.
6. Sau khi kt thc bm vo du X mu gc trn bn phi ng giao
din ny li.
Hnh 1.5. Giao din Fluid Package
6. Cc m hnh nhit ng
Trong UNISIM c cc loi m hnh nhit ng khc nhau:
EOS: bao gm cc phng trnh trng thi p dng ch yu cho h
hydrocacbon, khng phn cc hoc phn cc yu. Trong tnh ton thit k
cng ngh ch bin du, kh v ho du phng trnh trng thi PengRobinson ni chung c ng dng ph bin, cho php nhn c kt qu
chnh xc ng tin cy trong mt khong rng cc thng s cng ngh.
bit chi tit hn c th c thm trong ti liu hng dn s dng UNISIM
(UNISIM Simulation Basic Manual).
Activity Models: bao gm cc m hnh Chien Null, Extended NRTL,
General NRTL, Margules, Chao Seader, Grayson Streed p dng vi cc
h cht lng khng l tng.
13
Chao Seader v Grayson Streed Models l cc phng php bn thc

nghim. M hnh Grayson Streed l m rng ca M hnh Chao Seader
khi c mt hydrogen. Nhng s liu tnh ton cn bng t cc biu thc
ca cc phng php ny c s dng trong Aspen HYSYS. Phng
php Lee-Kesler c s dng tnh ton entanpy v entropy ca pha
lng v pha hi.
Vapour Pressure Models: bao gm cc m hnh Antoine, Braun K10,
Esso Tabular, s dng cho cc hn hp kh l tng p sut thp nh
hn hp cc hydrocacbon nh, hn hp keton v ru trong pha lng
gn l tng.
Miscellaneous Types: bao gm cc m hnh c bit, khc vi cc m
hnh nu trn, v d nh Amine Pkg c ng dng trong tnh ton m
phng cc nh my lm ngt kh bng amin, ASME Steam c ng
dng trong tnh ton hi nc.
Cc h nhit ng c trong UNISIM cho php d on c tnh cht ca
cc hn hp t h cc hydrocacbon nh ti hn hp ca cc loi du phc tp,
v h cc hp cht c hoc khng in ly. UNISIM cung cp cc phng trnh
trng thi (PR hay PRSV) cho cc qu trnh x l hn hp hydrocacbon, cc
m hnh bn thc nghim v p sut hi ca cc h hydrocacbon nng, cc hiu
chnh hi nc cho cc d on chnh xc v tnh cht ca hi nc, v cc m
hnh h s hot ca cc h ha hc. Tt c cc phng trnh u c gii hn
phm vi ng dng, v vy cn xem xt phm vi ng dng ph hp ca mi
phng trnh vi cc h gn ging nhau.
La chn m hnh nhit ng ph hp rt quan trng, quyt nh n kt
qu tnh ton ca ton b qu trnh. y l mt th tc u tin bt u thc
hin m phng. Tu thuc vo thnh phn v tnh cht hn hp cu t, iu
kin cng ngh (nhit , p sut,) c th p dng nhng m hnh nhit ng
khc nhau nhn c kt qu tnh ton ph hp vi thc t cng ngh.
Nm 1999, hai tc gi Elliott v Lira xut s hnh cy nh m t
trn hnh 1.6 di y (BIP Binary Interaction Parameters) la chn h
nhit ng cn thit.
14
Phn loi cc cu t c trong h:

kh, cht khng phn cc, ngng t,
solvat ha, in ly
ng
Kh hoc cht
khng phn cc?
Th chn PR,
SRK, API
Sai
ng
Cht in ly?
Th chn NRTL,
Pitzer, hoc Bromley
Sai
Kh (NH3, CO2)?
hoc P > 10 bars?
Sai
ng
Bit BIP?
Sai
ng
ng
Polimers?
Th NRTL,
UNIQUAC, FH,
Winson, Van Laar
Th UNIFAC,
nu c th, gi nh BIP
ca cc cu t thiu
Th chn
SAFT, ESD
Sai
ng
P > 10 bars?
Th Henrys Law
Sai
Th ESD, SAFT,
MHW2, Wong-Sandler
Hnh 1.6. S la chn m hnh nhit ng
15
Bng 1.1 a ra danh sch mt vi h tiu biu v nhng phng php tnh
ton s dng h nhit ng ph hp c th p dng.
Bng 1.1. Danh sch mt s h tiu biu v H nhit ng ph hp
H nhit ng ph hp c
ngh s dng
H tiu biu
Sy kh bng TEG
PR
Nc chua
PR, Sour PR
X l kh nhit thp
PR, PRSV
Tch khng kh
PR, PRSV
Thp chng ct du th p sut kh

quyn
PR, PR Options, GS
Thp chng ct chn khng
PR, PR Options, GS (<10 mmHg),

Braun K10, Esso K
Thp Ethylene
Lee Kesler Plocker
H H2 p sut cao
PR, ZJ hoc GS
Cc thng cha
Steam Package, CS hoc GS
c ch to hydrat
PR
Cc h ho hc
Activity Models, PRSV
Alkyl ho xc tc HF
PRSV, NRTL
Sy bng TEG c mt cc hp cht thm
PR
Cc h hydrocacbon trong tan ca

nc trong cc hydrocacbon l quan
trng
Kabadi Danner
Cc h c mt vi kh v cc
hydrocacbon nh
MBWR
PR = Peng-Robinson; PRSV = Peng-Robinson Stryjek-Vera;; GS = Grayson Streed;

ZJ = Zudkevitch Joffee; CS = Chao Seader; NRTL = Non Random Two Liquid;
MBWR = Modified Benedict Webb Rubin
16
7. Vo mi trng m phng
Sau khi hon thnh cc bc chun b cn thit bt u chng trnh
m phng trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager nh trong cc mc
1.3, 1.4 v 1.5 trn, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment bn phi
pha di giao din hoc bm vo biu tng
mi trng m phng nh m t trn hnh 1.7.
trn thanh cng c vo
Hnh 1.7. Enter Simulation Environment
a. Thao tc trong lu trnh m phng

Khi vo mi trng m phng, s thy giao din nh hnh 1.8 di y.
Trc khi bt u qu trnh xy dng lu trnh m phng cn ch vi c
im ca ca s m phng:
UNISIM khc vi phn ln cc gi m phng khc, s thc hin tnh
ton lu trnh (flowsheet) sau mi bc nhp hay thay i thng s ca
lu trnh (flowsheet). c im ny c th dng khi bm vo biu tng
Solver Holding (phm en
) trn thanh cng c pha trn mn
hnh. Khi UNISIM s khng tnh ton v s khng a ra kt qu.
tip tc qu trnh tnh ton, phi bm vo biu tng Solver Active (phm
en xanh
), chng trnh m phng bt u hot ng tr li.
Khng ging vi mt s qu trnh m phng khc, UNISIM c kh nng

tnh ton xui dng v ngc dng. V vy cn c bit ch khai bo
17
cc tham s cho lu trnh (flowsheet) phi m bo rng cc thng tin

cung cp cho UNISIM khng mu thun vi nhau. Nu khng s b li v
UNISIM s khng th tnh ton c.
Hnh 1.8. Giao din Simulation Environment
b. Tr li giao din c s m phng

Khi phi thay i c s m phng, cn phi quay li giao din Simulation
Basis Manager. Thao tc n gin bm vo biu tng
c pha trn mn hnh.
trn thanh cng
c. Nh tay ng lu trnh PFD

i khi nh tay bm nhm vo biu tng X mu gc trn bn phi giao
din. tr li lu trnh ch cn bm vo Tools trn thanh menu chnh, chn
PDFs trong danh sch th xung, chn Case, sau bm vo phm View, hoc
bm vo phm PFD
trn thanh cng c.
d. Bng cc cng c m phng

Trong hnh 1.9 c th nhn thy bng c cha cc cng c phc v cho vic
xy dng lu trnh m phng PFD, gi l Object Palette, nm dc pha bn
phi mn hnh. Nu v l do no khng nhn thy Object Palette, th c th
a ra mn hnh bng cch bm vo Flowsheet trn thanh menu chnh, trong
danh sch th xung chn Palette, hoc c th bm phm nng F4. T cc cng
c trong bng ny c th nhp dng hoc cc cng c m phng khc cho lu
trnh PFD.
18
Hnh 1.9. Giao din PFD vi Object Palette
8. Khi to dng vt cht

Cc dng vt cht trong PFD c m phng bng Material Stream. Mt
dng vt cht c khi to trong lu trnh bng mt trong ba cch sau:
Bm vo biu tng mui tn mu xanh trong Object Palette.
Chn Flowsheet trn menu chnh v chn Add Stream trong danh sch.
Bm vo phm nng F11.
Hnh 1.10. Khi to dng vt cht trong PFD
19
Khi s dng mt trong cc phng php trn, c th khi to dng vt

cht (mui tn mu xanh) vo lu trnh m phng nh m t trn hnh 1.10.
UNISIM mc nh tn ca dng theo s th t tng dn (v d, dng u tin s
t ng c t tn l 1). Tn ca dng c th thay i bt c khi no cn.
a. Khai bo cc tham s ca dng
khai bo cc tham s cho dng vt cht, nhp p chut vo dng (mui
tn mu xanh nht) hin ra ca s nh hnh 1.11. Trong ca s ny ngi
s dng s khai bo cc tham s cho dng. Nu l dng nguyn liu th cn c
bn tham s. Trong mi trng UNISIM dng nguyn liu lun c bn bc t
do. iu c ngha l phi cung cp y bn thng tin yu cu UNISIM
c th thc hin tnh ton. Bn tham s cn khai bo cho dng nguyn liu l:
Lu lng dng ( flowrate)
Thnh phn dng (composition)
v hai trong s cc tham s sau: nhit (temperature), p sut (pressure)
hay phn mol pha hi (vapor/phase fraction)
Trong hnh 1.11 c mt dng cnh bo li mu vng pha bn di ca s,
cho bit thng tin cn phi thc hin. V d theo dng cnh bo trong trng
hp ny, cn cung cp lu lng ca dng nguyn liu (flow rate). C hai chn
la khc nhau hoc l lu lng dng mol (molar flow) hoc lu lng dng
khi lng (mass flow) trong cng mt ca s. Trong trng hp ny nhp gi
tr molar flow bng 100 kmol/h, nh trong hnh 1.12.
Hnh 2.11. Ca s khai bo cc tham s ca dng
Hnh 1.11. Ca s khai bo cc tham s ca dng
20
Hnh 1.12. Nhp gi tr lu lng dng trong ca s Conditions
Tip theo nhp thnh phn dng, chn Composition s hin th ca s c

danh sch cc cu t nh trn hnh 1.13, ti y s khai bo thnh phn cc cu
t trong dng nguyn liu. Lu rng ch c cc cu t c chn vo danh
sch cu t (Components List) trong Simulation Basis Manager th mi hin th
trong danh sch ny.
Hnh 1.13. Nhp gi tr thnh phn dng trong ca s Composition
21
C th xc nh composition theo nhiu cch khc nhau nh trong hnh

1.13. Hoc c th bm vo phm Basis... hin th bng chn vi cc dng
biu din thnh phn dng khc nhau (hnh 1.14), sau nhp thnh phn cu
t. UNISIM mc nh l mole fractions. Tuy nhin c th thay i bng mass
fractions, liquid volume fractions, hoc mole flow, mass flow cho tng cu t.
Nu s dng fractions, tng tt c cc fractions c nhp vo dng phi bng
1. Nhp thnh phn ca dng 1 nh trong hnh 1.13 ch r phn mol ca H 2O
bng 1, ngha l dng 1 ch c nc.
Hnh 1.14. La chn cc dng biu din thnh phn dng
Sau khi nhp lu lng v thnh phn dng, xut hin tin nhn cnh bo
th hai (trong bng mu vng pha di ca s) cho thy rng cn nhp nhit
cho dng. khai bo nhit cho dng bm vo Conditions ca s trong
hnh 1.15. Nhp gi tr nhit ca dng ti ca s ny.
Khi nhp gi tr cc tham s ca dng khng cn thit phi i sang n v
mc nh. Khi nhp gi tr vo mt s xut hin hp danh sch th xung c
tt c cc n v tng ng ngay bn cnh , c th la chn n v ph
hp, sau UNISIM s t ng chuyn i n v. V d nhp s 25 vo ng
vi nhit 25 oC (bng 77oF) nh trn hnh 1.16
Dng cnh bo (trn bng mu vng pha di ca s) trn hnh 1.16 ch ra
rng cn phi nhp gi tr p sut ca dng. Cung trong ca s ny, nhp gi tr
p sut cho dng 1 l 1 bar nh trong hnh 1.17.
22
Hnh 1.15. Cn nhp gi tr nhit dng
Hnh 1.16. Nhp gi tr nhit dng trong ca s Conditions
23
Hnh 1.17. Nhp gi tr p sut dng trong ca s Conditions
Sau khi hon thnh vic khai bo y tt c cc thng tin, UNISIM s

t ng tnh ton cc tnh cht cn li ca dng v t cc thng tin cung cp
bt u xy dng lu trnh m phng (Flowsheet). Khi dng nguyn liu
c cung cp y thng tin th s xut hin mt thng bo mu xanh pha
di ca s bo hiu l mi th hon tt OK (nh trn hnh 1.17). Nu
khng th trong ca s s xut hin mt cnh bo mu vng, thng tin cung cp
b li.
c kt qu v tr li cu hi sau:
Phn mol hi (vapor/phase fraction) ca dng bng bao nhiu?
Nhng gi tr mu xanh l do ngi s dng nhp vo v v th c th thay
i c, cn nhng gi tr mu en l do UNISIM tnh ton nn khng th
thay i c. Nh trong hnh 1.14 cc gi tr nhit , p sut, lu lng dng
l do ngi s dng nhp vo nn c th thay i c, cn cc gi tr cn li
l do UNISIM tnh ton.
Nhn vo mu sc ca cc dng vt cht cung c th bit c dng
y thng tin hay cha.
Mu xanh m = Dng c cung cp y thng tin.
Mu xanh nht = Thng tin cha y .
24
V th nu mui tn c mu xanh m c ngha l tt c cc tnh cht

c tnh ton. Bt c khi no vic xc nh v tnh ton cc tnh cht ca dng
c th xem v thay i bng cch n gin l nhp p vo dng.
b. Lu vo th mc xc nh
Lun nh lu case vo th mc xc nh.
9. Tm tt v n tp chng 1
Trong phn u tin ca chng gii thiu cch bt u UNISIM nh
th no, lm quen c vi mi trng m phng v trnh by cch nhp
thnh phn cc cu t trong m phng nh th no.
Vic chn la chnh xc fluid/themodynamic package l rt quan trng v
vy trong chng ny cung a ra mt s gi gip ngi s dng chn
ng c h nhit ng ph hp.
Phn tip theo ca chng ny ch cch lm th no vo v tr li mi
trng m phng, lm quen vi simulation flowsheet, hn na trong phn ny
ngi s dng c th rt ra c mt s im quan trng ca UNISIM.
Trong phn cui ca chng ny cp n cc cch nhp v khai bo
dng nguyn liu trong m phng. Cch khai bo cc tham s l mt bc rt
quan trng trong m phng, cn hiu v thc hin ng trong tng trng hp
c th.
Khi ngi s dng mun khai bo dng nguyn liu, cn xc nh y
bn tham s th UNISIM c th tnh ton c cc tnh cht cn li .
10. Bi tp
1. Thit lp mt dng vt liu ch c H2O vi cc iu kin sau:
Fluid Package
: Peng-Robinson
Flowrate
: 100 kgmole/h
Pressure
: 1 atm
Vapor/phase fraction : 1.0

Nhit ca dng bng bao nhiu?
2. Lm li bi ton trn, thay p sut bng nhit l: 150C
p sut ca dng bng bao nhiu?
3. Vi cng bi ton 2 nhng gim nhit xung 70C
p sut ca dng by gi bng bao nhiu?
4. To mt dng mi ch c H 2O vi cc iu kin sau:
25
Fluid Package : Peng-Robinson

Flowrate
: 100 kgmole/h
Pressure
: 2 atm
Vapor/phase fraction: 1.0

Nhit ca dng ny bng bao nhiu?
5. Vi cng iu kin trn nhng tng p sut ti 5 atm
Nhit ca dng lc ny bng bao nhiu?
6. Vi cng iu kin nh bi 4, gim p sut ti 0,5 atm
Nhit ca dng mi bng bao nhiu?
7. C th rt ra c kt lun g t cc bi ton trn (t bi 2.1 bi 2.6).
26
Chng 2. PHNG TRNH TRNG THI
Ni dung
Khi tnh ton cc phng trnh trng thi cho php xc nh c th tch
ca hn hp kh ti iu kin nhit v p sut xc nh. Nu khng s dng
cc phng trnh trng thi th hu nh khng th thit k c cc nh my
ho cht. Bi v t vic xc nh th tch ny c th tnh ton c kch thc
v hn na l gi thnh ca cc nh my .
UNISIM c cc phng trnh trng thi nh Peng-Robinson (PR) v
Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK). Trong , phng trnh Peng-Robinson c s
dng trong khong bin i rng nht ca cc thng s cng ngh v vi cc h
a dng nht. T cc phng trnh Peng-Robinson (PR) v Soave-RedlichKwong (SRK) trc tip tnh ton ra tt c cc tnh cht cn bng v cc tnh
cht nhit ng ca h. Cc phng trnh PR v SRK c cha cc h s tng
tc bc hai cho tt c cc cp hydrocacbon-hydrocacbon (tp hp cc tham s
tng tc to lin kt v khng to lin kt) v hu ht cc cp bc hai
hydrocacbon phi hydrocacbon.
Trong chng ny s hng dn ngi s dng khai bo th tch ca hn
hp kh ti iu kin nhit v p sut xc nh. ng thi s ch dn cch
phn tch tnh cht ca cc cu t khi s dng Case Study Utility.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th :
Xc nh c th tch ca cc cu t ring bit hay hn hp cu t
So snh kt qu vi cc phng trnh trng thi khc nhau
Xem li kt qu bng Workbook
Phn tch cc tnh cht bng case studies
Yu cu
Trc khi hc chng ny ngi s dng cn phi bit:
Cch vo UNISIM
Chn cu t
Xc nh v chn fluid package
Nhp v xc nh dng nguyn liu (material stream)
27
Phng trnh trng thi Cc biu thc ton hc
2.1
Phng trnh trng thi th hin mi tng quan gia p sut nhit v
th tch c th hin qua phng trnh cn bng :
V
n
Trong p l p sut tuyt i, V l th tch, n l s mol, R l hng s kh
l tng, T l nhit tuyt i. n v ca R c la chn sao cho ph hp
vi cc n v ca cc bin khc. Phng trnh ny ph hp khi p sut thp (v
d 1 atm). Tuy nhin nhiu qu trnh ho hc li thc hin ti mt p sut rt
cao. Trong iu kin th phng trnh ny khng ph hp tnh ton.
pV = nRT hoc pv = RT vi
V th c nhiu phng trnh trng thi khc c pht trin nhm m

t c cc qu trnh ho hc thc hin p sut cao. S m rng u tin nh
lut kh l tng l phng trnh trng thi van der Waals:
RT a
S m rng ny l bc ngot u tin, tuy nhin phng trnh ny cha

th p ng c trong iu kin p sut rt cao. Phng trnh trng thi
Redlich-Kwong (RK) l s bin i phng trnh trng thi van der Waals v
sau tip tc c bin i bi Soave c mang tn l phng trnh trng
thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), c s dng rng ri trong cc qu trnh
m phng. Mt dng khc ca phng trnh trng thi RK l phng trnh trng
thi Peng-Robinson (PR) cung c s dng rt ph bin.
Bng 2.1 di y a ra so snh cc cng thc s dng trong UNISIM
ca cc phng trnh trng thi PR v SRK.
2.2
Thc hin m phng
Bi ton: Tm th tch ca n-butan ti 500 K v 18 atm, s dng cc phng

trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) v Peng-Robinson (PR).
Trnh t thc hin nh sau:
1. Khi ng UNISIM
2. M new case s dng mt trong ba cch sau:
28
Chn t thanh menu chnh File New Case

Hoc s dng phm tt Crtl-N
Hoc bm vo biu tng New trn thanh cng c
Bng 2.1. So snh phng trnh trng thi SRK v PR

Soave-Redlich-Kwong
P
RT
a
b ( b)
Peng - Robinson
RT
a
P
b ( b) b( b)
Z 3 Z 2 ( A B B 2 ) Z AB 0 Z 3 (1 B) Z 2 ( A 2 B 3B 2 ) Z ( AB B 2 B 3 0
Trong :
N
xi bi
b=
xi bi
i 1
0.08664
bi=
i 1
RTci
Pci
0.077796
N N
0.5
a = xi x j (ai a j ) (1 kij )
i 1 j 1
N N
xi x j (ai a j ) 0.5 (1 kij )

i 1 j 1
acii
ai =
acii
( RTci )
Pci
aci =
0.42748
i0.5
1 mi (1 Tri0.5 )
2
mi = 0.48 1.574i 0.176i
0.457235
(RT )
0.37646 1.54226i 0.26992i2

aP
(RT ) 2
bP
RT
B=
( RTci ) 2
Pci
1 mi (1 Tri0.5 )
aP
A=
RTci
Pci
bP
RT
3. Thit lp c s m phng
Trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager (xem trong chng 1 trnh
by chi tit) in cc thng tin cho trong bng sau.
Tab
Chn
Property Package
Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK)
Components
n-butane
29
Khi hon thnh, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment, by gi

sn sng bt u m phng.
4. To lp dng vt cht
C mt s cch khc nhau to mt Stream: bm phm nng F11, hoc
bm vo biu tng Stream trn Object Palette, hoc chn Flowsheet trn
menu chnh v chn Add Stream trong danh sch.
Khai bo cc tham s ca dng
Nhp vo Stream vi cc gi tr sau:
Trong ny
Nhp gi tr
Name
Temperature
500 K
Pressure
18 atm
Compositions
n-butane 100%
Molar Flow
100 kgmole/h
Lu v t tn EOS SRK. Khi hon thnh dng s c giao din nh hnh 2.1.
Hnh 2.1. Hon thnh thit lp dng vt cht
30
2.3
Nhp thm bin trong Workbook

c kt qu tnh ton trong Workbook: bm vo Tools trn thanh menu
chnh, chn Workbook hoc bm phm nng Crtl+W (hnh 2.2).
Hnh 2.2. Thao tc m Workbook xem kt qu tnh ton
Trong ca s Select Workbook (hnh 2.3) bm phm View
Hnh 2.3. Ca s Select Workbook
31
Giao din Workbook xut hin nh trn hnh 2.4.
Hnh 2.4. Giao din Workbook
Trong UNISIM th tch c khai bo l Molar Volume nhng trong

Workbook trn hnh 3.4 khng th hin Molar Volume, v vy cn phi
nhp thm bin vo Workbook.
nhp Molar Volume hay mt bin no khc: m Workbook, trn
thanh menu chnh ca giao din Workbook chn Workbook, trong danh
sch chn Setup, s xut hin ca s nh trn hnh 2.5.
Hnh 2.5. Ca s Setup nhp thm bin vo Workbook
32
Trong Variables Tab bm vo phm Add pha bn phi.

Ca s chn bin s c hin th nh hnh 2.6.
Hnh 2.6. Ca s chn bin
Trong danh sch Variables cun dc theo danh sch cho n khi tm thy
bin cn thm vo Molar Volume, bm phm OK hon tt vic b
sung bin vo Workbook. ng ca s bng biu tng X mu gc
trn bn phi ca s Select Variables for Main.
Gi tr ca bin Molar Volume s hin th trong Workbook (hnh 2.7).
Molar Volume ca n-butane bng bao nhiu?_______________
Hnh 2.7. Workbook hin th gi tr bin Molar Volume
33
2.4
S dng Case Studies
Sau khi hon thnh bi m phng, s dng Case Studies phn tch
th tch mol ca n-butan khi nhit thay i.
Trn thanh menu chnh, chn Tool, trong danh sch th xung chn
Databook hoc bm phm nng Ctrl+D nh trn hnh 2.8.
Hnh 2.8. Cch m Databook
Bm phm Insert, s hin th giao din Variable Navigator nh hnh 2.9.
Hnh 2.9. Giao din Variable Navigator
34
Trong ct Object chn dng 1, trong ct Variable chn Molar Volume.

Sau bm vo phm OK (nh biu din trn hnh 2.10).
Hnh 2.10. Nhp bin Molar Volume
Thc hin tng t nh trn nhp bin Temperature. Khi giao

din Databook s xut hin nh hnh 2.11.
Hnh 2.11. Giao din DataBook sau khi nhp Variables
Chuyn sang Case Studies tab. in cc thng tin vo giao din nh

trong hnh 2.12 di y.
35
Hnh 2.12. in thng tin vo Case Studies tab
Bm vo phm View v in thng tin vo bng trong giao din nh

hnh 2.13 di y.
Hnh 2.13. in thng tin vo Independent Variables Setup
Bm vo phm Start phn tch kt qu. Khi qu trnh phn tch hon
thnh, bm vo phm Result xem kt qu hin th nh trn hnh 2.14.
C th rt ra c kt lun g t th trn hnh 2.14 ?___________
Lu Case vi tn l EOS SRK vo th mc xc nh.
36
Hnh 2.14. Kt qu phn tch
2.5
Thay i Fluid Package

Bm phm Enter Basis Environment trn thanh cng c tr v giao
din Simulation Basis Manager ban u.
Vo Prop Pkg tab, trong danh sch bn tri ca s, cun dc theo danh
sch v chn Peng Robinson EOS.
Bm vo mui tn mu xanh trn thanh cng c tr v PFD.
Cc iu kin ca bi ton gi nguyn, lu Case vi tn mi EOS PR.
Xem kt qu tnh ton trong Workbook v Case Study.
2.6
Tm tt v n tp chng 2
Trong Chng ny gii quyt vn tm th tch ring ca mt n cht

bng UNISIM. Khi s dng UNISIM cc tham s c lu tr trong database
(c s d liu) v vic tnh ton c lp trnh trc . V vy iu quan
trng l bit cch s dng ng cc giao din, cc biu .
Trong chng ny cung hng dn s dng Workbook xem kt qu,
Workbook l cch tt nht hin th cc thng tin di dng bng. Workbook
c thit k nhm mc ch v m rng ra cho vic nhp thng tin khi thc
hin bi ton m phng. Thm vo , Workbook hin th thng tin ca cc
37
dng v cc thit b m phng trong UNISIM (streams, pipes controllers,

separators, ).
C th s dng Case Study phn tch tnh cht ca qu trnh. Case
Study cn c s dng kim tra, nh gi khi thay i gi tr ca cc bin
quan trng trong chng trnh m phng tnh. Sau khi Case Study hon thnh
tnh ton, kt qu c biu din dng th.
C th so snh c kt qu tnh ton t hai h nhit ng khc nhau l
Peng-Robinson (PR) v Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK).
2.7
Bi tp
1. Tm Molar Volume ca kh amoniac 56 atm v 450 K s dng phng trnh

trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK).
2. Tm Molar Volume ca kh metanol ti p sut 100 atm v 300C s dng
phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR). So snh Molar Volume ca kh
metanol khi s dng phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK).
3. Cho mt hn hp kh i vo thit b chuyn ho kh bng hi nc (WGS)
sn xut hydro: 630 kmol/h CO, 1130 kmol/h H 2 O, 189 kmol/h CO2, 63
kmol/h H2. p sut hn hp kh l 1 atm v nhit l 500K. S dng
phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) tnh th tch ring ca
hn hp kh.
4. Cho mt hn hp kh gm 25% amoniac v phn cn li l nitro v hydro vi
t l l 1:3, ti 270 atm v 550 K. S dng phng trnh trng thi PengRobinson (PR) tnh th tch ring ca hn hp kh.
5. Cho hn hp kh ra khi thit b phn ng tng hp metanol c thnh phn
nh sau: 100 kmol/h CO; 200 kmol/h H2; 100 kmol/h metanol. Hn hp kh
p sut 100 atm v nhit 300C. Tnh ton th tch ring ca hn hp s
dng phng trnh trng thi Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) v so snh vi
kt qu tnh ton khi s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR).
38
Chng 3. CC THIT B PH TR
Ni dung
Trong chng ny thc hin m phng cc thit b ph tr trong s
cng ngh, lm quen vi cng c m phng trong UNISIM thc hin cc
qu trnh trong c s dng bm, my nn, tuc bin gin n kh, thit b trao
i nhit, cc thp tch hai pha/ba pha v Ejector.
Tnh nhit dng ra khi bit cng sut hiu dng ca bm, my nn,
tuc bin gin n kh hoc ngc li.
Tnh lu lng dng lnh qua thit b trao i nhit
Thc hin m phng qu trnh phn tch pha kh - lng, kh - rn
Lm quen vi Ejector, s dng khi pha trn cc dng kh c p sut v
lu lng rt khc nhau, v gi tr p sut ca dng kh i ra khi
Ejector s c tnh ton da trn p sut ca cc dng kh i vo.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc xong chng ny ngi s dng c th:
Thit lp c cc thit b ph tr trong UNISIM thc hin m
phng cc qu trnh cng ngh.
Kt ni cc dng vi thit b.
Tnh ton cc qu trnh phn tch pha kh - lng, kh - rn
Bit cch s dng cng c Ejector trong m phng kt hp hai dng
kh ni ring v cc dng vt cht pha hi ni chung c p sut v lu
lng rt khc nhau.
c v phn tch kt qu tnh ton sau khi m phng
Yu cu
Bt u m phng trong UNISIM
La chn cc cu t
Xc nh v la chn h nhit ng ph hp cho fluid package
Nhp v khai bo dng vt liu material stream
39
Bm
3.1
Bm c s dng tng p sut ca dng lng vo, vn chuyn cht

lng trong ng ng dn. Ty thuc vo cc tham s c khai bo ban u,
s tnh ton nhit , hoc p sut cha bit hoc cng sut hiu dng ca bm
trong iu kin vn hnh.
3.1.1
Bi ton
Bm c dng vn chuyn dng nc. Nc vo bm c nhit

120C v p sut 3 bar c a vo bm hot ng vi cng sut hiu dng
10% nh mc. Lu lng ca dng nc l 100 kmol/h v p sut dng ra khi
bm l 84 bar.
S dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson (PR) cho fluid package,
hy xc nh nhit ca dng nc ra khi bm.
3.1.2
Tin hnh m phng bm
1. Khi ng chng trnh UNISIM

2. M mt New Case
3. Xy dng c s m phng
by chi tit)
Tab
Chn
Property Package
Peng-Robinson (PR)
Components
H2 O
Khi hon thnh, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment, by gi

sn sng bt u m phng.
4. Thit lp dng vt cht
C mt s cch khc nhau to mt Stream: bm phm nng F11, hoc
bm vo biu tng Stream trn Object Palette, hoc chn Flowsheet trn
menu chnh v chn Add Stream trong danh sch.
Nhp dng nguyn liu (Stream) vi cc gi tr cho trong bng sau:
40
Trong ny
Nhp gi tr
Name
Feed
Temperature
120oC
Pressure
3 bar
Compositions
H2 O 100%
Molar Flow
100 kgmole/h
Nhp tip dng th hai (Stream) vi cc tham s sau:

Trong ny
Nhp gi tr
Name
Outlet
Pressure
84 bar
5. Thit lp thit b
C cc cch khc nhau to lp thit b trong UNISIM:
S dng menu chnh, chn Flowsheet, trong danh sch th xung chn
Add Operation hoc bm phm F12. Giao din cc thit b m phng
UnitOps s xut hin. La chn thit b cn thit.
M Workbook, vo UnitOps page, bm phm Add UnitOp. Giao din cc
thit b m phng UnitOps s xut hin. La chn thit b cn thit.
S dng Object Palette: t Flowsheet menu, chn Open, hoc bm phm
F4. Nhp p vo biu tng thit b cn s dng.
S dng phm phi chut bm vo biu tng thit b cn s dng t
Object Palette v a vo PFD.
S dng mt trong cc cch trn thit lp bm trong PFD. Khi giao
din PFD s xut hin nh hnh 3.1.
41
Hnh 3.1. Khi to cc dng v bm trong PFD
6. Ni bm vi cc dng
Nhp p vo biu tng bm Pump P-100 m giao din thuc tnh ca
bm (Pump Window Property) nh hnh 3.2.
Cc page
Cc tab
Hnh 3.2. Ca s thuc tnh ca bm
42
Trong Design tab, vo Connection page, trong Inlet chn Feed t danh
sch v trong Outlet chn Outlet t danh sch nh hnh 3.3.
Hnh 3.3. Ni bm vi cc dng
Nh trn hnh 3.3, pha bn di ca s xut hin thng bo li (trong

bng mu ) cho bit rng cn nhp nng lng cho bm. nhp nng lng
cho bm, vo Energy v thm ch Work nh trong giao din hnh 3.4.
Hnh 3.4. Khi to dng nng lng cho bm
43
Khi y thng tin s c thng bo OK mu xanh cho bit vic kt ni

bm vi cc dng vt cht v dng nng lng hon thnh (hnh 3.4).
Bm yu cu cung cp 4 tham s ca dng vo, cn dng ra ch yu cu
khai bo gi tr p sut
7. Khai bo tham s cng sut ca bm
Cng sut hiu dng mc nh ca bm l 75% nh mc, theo u bi
cng sut hiu dng ca bm ch c 10% nh mc, cn phi thay i gi tr
ny.
Trong giao din thuc tnh ca bm, trn Design tab vo Parameters page,
trong Adiabatic Efficiency nhp gi tr 10% (nh trong hnh 3.5).
Hnh 3.5. Thay i cng sut ca bm
Khi thng tin y v bm c th c tnh ton. Vo Worksheet

xem kt qu (hnh 3.6).
Nhit ca dng ra l bao nhiu?___________________________
44
Hnh 3.6. Worksheet tab ca bm
8. Lu vo th mc xc nh
Vo File
Vo Save as
t tn file l Pump v bm phm OK
Qua bi ton ny nhn thy rng khi bm cht lng c th lm tng nhit
dng. Trong trng hp ny, khi cng sut hiu dng ca bm ch c 10%
lm nhit dng nc tng ln 18 oC.
Cng sut hiu dng bm cng thp, nhit dng nc sau bm cng
tng cao, v khi nng lng ca bm s dng phi ln hn a cht lng
ra ngoi khi m p sut ca dng ra yu cu khng i. Nh th phn ln nng
lng chuyn sang nhit nng lm tng nhit dng cht lng sau bm.
3.2
My nn
My nn c s dng tng p sut cho mt dng kh, ty thuc vo

thng tin c cung cp, Compressor s tnh ton cc tnh cht ca dng (nhit
hoc p sut) hay cng sut hiu dng ca my nn.
3.2.1 Bi ton
My nn dng vn chuyn kh v lm tng p sut ca dng kh. C mt
hn kh t nhin (gm C 1, C 2, C 3, n-C4, i-C4, i-C5, n-C 5, n-C6, C 7+ ) p sut
1 bar v nhit 100C c a vo my nn lm vic vi cng sut hiu
45
dng 30%. Lu lng dng kh l 100 kmol/h. p sut ra khi my nn l 5

bar. S dng phng trnh PR. Xc nh nhit ca dng kh ra khi my nn.
3.2.2 Tin hnh m phng my nn
1. Khi ng chng trnh UNISIM.
2. M New Case.
3. Xy dng c s m phng.
by chi tit), nhp cc thng tin nh trong bng sau:
Trong trang
Chn
Property Package
Peng-Robinson (PR)
Components
C1, C2, C 3, n-C 4, i-C4, i-C5, n-C5, n-C6 , C7 +
Cu t C7+ khng tn ti trong danh sch cc cu t v th phi to mt cu

t mi v s dng Hypothetical.
Hnh 3.6. Giao din chn cc cu t
4. To cu t mi
Bm vo menu Hypothetical, sau bm phm Add Component
thm cu t mi vo danh sch (hnh 3.6).
Bm vo phm Quick Create Hypo Component to mt cu t
gi mi. Cu t gi c th s dng m hnh cc cu t khng c
trong danh sch, mt hn hp bit hoc cha bit, hoc mt cht
46
rn. Trong trng hp ny c th s dng cu t gi xc nh

hn hp kh bao gm cc cu t nng hn hexan.
Trong giao din va xut hin (hnh 3.7), bm vo ID tab v t tn
cho cu t va to ra l C 7+.
Hnh 3.7. Giao din to C7+
Hnh 3.8. Giao din to C7+
Khi khng bit cu trc ca cu t gi nh v ang xy dng m

hnh hn hp, s khng s dng phm Structure Builder.
Chuyn sang Critical tab (hnh 3.8). Ch cn cung cp thng tin
cho cu t C7 + trong Normal Boiling Pt l 110C (230o F).
Bm vo phm Estimate Unknown Props c tnh tt c cc
tnh cht cn li v cu t gi nh hon ton c xc nh.
Ti thiu cn cung cp xc nh cu t gi nh l Normal Boiling Pt
hoc Molecular Weight v Ideal Liq Density
Khi cu t gi c xc nh, ng ca s giao din to C 7 +
quay tr v giao din Fluid Package.
47
Nhp thm cu t gi vo danh sch Select Component bng cch

chn C7 + trong danh sch Available Hypo Component, sau
bm vo phm Add Hypo (hnh 3.9).
Hnh 3.9. Giao din nhp thm cu t gi nh C7+
Mi cu t gi nh l mt phn ca Hypo Groups. Cu t mi to

thnh c mc nh a vo HypoGroup1. C th nhp thm cc
Groups mi v di chuyn cc cu t gia cc nhm. iu ny c thc
hin trong Hypotheticals tab ca Simulation Basis Manager.
So snh cc tnh cht ca C 7+ vi C7 v C8
C7 +
C7
C8
Normal Boiling Point

Ideal Liquid Density
Molecular Weight
Nhp thm cc cu t C7 v C8 vo danh sch so snh tnh cht vi
cu t gi nh. Sau khi so snh phi xa C7 & C8 bt u m phng.
Khi hon thnh, bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment,
by gi sn sng bt u m phng.
5. Khi to dng (Installing a Stream)
C mt vi cch khi to dng:
Bm phm F11. Hin th giao din thuc tnh ca dng.
Hoc nhp p vo biu tng Stream trong Object Palette
Khi to dng vt liu vi cc thng tin cho trong bng sau:
48
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Name
Natural Gas
Temperature
100o C
Pressure
1 bar
Molar Flow
100 kgmole/h
Component Mole Fraction

C1
0.330
C2
0.143
C3
0.101
i-C4
0.098
n-C4
0.080
i-C5
0.069
n-C5
0.059
n-C6
0.078
C7 +
0.042
6. Thit lp my nn
C mt vi cch khi to thit b m phng (xem chi tit
chng 4): Bm phm nng F12. Chn thit b cn s dng trong
nhm thit b Available Unit operations group. Hoc nhp p
vo biu tng thit b trong Object Palette.
Trong Connection page ca Design tab trn giao din thuc tnh
ca my nn (Compressor) nhp cc thng tin cho trong bng sau:
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Name
Compressor
Feed
Natural Gas
Outlet
Comp Out
Energy
Work
49
Giao din nhn c nh trong hnh 3.10.

Cc page
Cc tab
Hnh 3.10. Giao din Compressor Design tab Connections page
Chuyn sang Parameters page. i Adiabatic Efficiency l 30%
Hnh 3.11. Giao din Compressor Design tab Parameters page
50
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab. Trn Conditions page, in thng tin

nh trong hnh 3.12. Nhp gi tr Pressure ca dng Comp Out
bng 5 bar.
Hnh 3.12. Giao din Compressor Worksheet tab Conditions page
Nhit dng kh ra khi Compressor l bao nhiu? _________

Vo File
Vo Save as
t tn file l Compressor v bm phm OK
Qua v d ny nhn thy rng Compressor c th lm tng nhit
ca dng kh. Trong trng hp ny Compressor ch hot ng 30%
cng sut nh mc, lm tng nhit dng kh ln 165,3oC.
Cng sut hiu dng ca Compressor cng nh, khi phn ln
nng lng s chuyn sang nhit nng lm nhit ca dng kh nn
tng ln cng ln.
3.3
Tuc bin gin n kh (Expander)
Expander c s dng lm gim p sut ca dng kh vo c p sut cao

v to dng kh sn phm ra c p sut thp v tc cao. Qu trnh gin n l
qu trnh chuyn i ni nng ca kh thnh ng nng v sinh cng. Expander
s tnh ton hoc l tnh cht ca dng hoc l cng sut gin n. Gii quyt bi
51
ton tm nhit u ra ca expander khi bit cng sut. Thc hnh vi

expander trong UNISIM m phng qu trnh gin kh. Xc nh nhit u
ra khi bit cng sut v ngc li.
Ty vo thng tin c cung cp, c mt vi phng php tnh ton. Ni
chung, tnh ton s ph thuc ca lu lng dng, s thay i p sut, nng
lng, v cng sut. Expander tnh ton rt linh ng ty theo cc thng tin
c khai bo ban u. Cn phi m bo khng c qu nhiu thng tin hoc
thng tin mu thun.
My nn nhn cng cn Tuc bin gin n kh sinh cng, v vy trong thc
t thng c kt ni thnh mt cm tn dng nng lng.
3.3.1
Bi ton
Hn hp kh gm metan, etan, v propan nhit 25C, p sut 20 bar,

c a vo expander vi cng sut hiu dng 30% nh mc. Lu lng
dng kh l 100 kgmol/h, p sut ra khi expander l 5 bar. S dng phng
trnh Peng-Robinson. Xc nh nhit u ra ca hn hp kh.
3.3.2
Tin hnh m phng tuc bin gin n kh
1. Xc nh fluid package theo cc thng tin cho trong bng.

Trong trang
Chn
Property Package
Peng-Robinson (PR)
Components
C 1, C 2, C 3
Bm vo phm Enter Simulation Environment

2. Thit lp dng vt liu
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Natural Gas
Temperature
25oC
Pressure
20 bar
Molar Flow
100 kgmole/h

C1
0.500
C2
0.300
C3
0.200
52
3. Thit lp Expander
Nhp p vo Expander trong Object Palette
Trong Connections page nhp cc thng tin cho trong bng di
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Expander
Feed
Natural Gas
Outlet
Out
Energy
Work
Giao din thuc tnh ca Expander, trong Design tab Connections page
nh trong hnh 3.13.
Hnh 3.13. Expander Design tab Connections page
Chuyn sang Parameters page, thay i Adiabatic Efficiency l 30% (nh

trong hnh 3.14).
53
Hnh 3.14. Expander Design tab Parameters page
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, trong Conditions page nhp gi tr p sut

cho dng ra l 5 bar. Khi hon thnh khai bo cc thng tin ban u, giao din
Worksheet nh trong hnh 3.15.
Hnh 3.15. Giao din Worksheet
Nhit dng ra khi expander l bao nhiu?__________________

4. Lu vo th mc xc nh (Save)
Vo File
Vo Save as
t tn file l Expander v bm phm OK
54
Khi thc hin gin n kh bng Expander c th lm gim nhit ca

dng kh. Trong trng hp ny, cng sut hiu dng ca Expander l 30%
nh mc th nhit dng kh t nhin gim 31oC. Nu cng sut hiu dng
ca Expander cng nh th nhit dng kh c gin n s gim cng t.
Thit b trao i nhit
3.4
Thit b trao i nhit dng ng v v trong UNISIM c s dng m

phng qu trnh trao i nhit. Heat Exchanger thc hin tnh ton cn bng vt
cht v cn bng nng lng. Heat Exchanger l mt thit b rt linh hot, c
th tnh ton vi nhit , p sut, dng nhit (bao gm c tn tht v mt mt
nhit), lu lng cc dng vt cht hoc h s trao i nhit UA. Gii quyt bi
ton n gin nht l tm lu lng dng lnh qua thit b trao i nhit iu
kin cho.
Trong UNISIM, c th la chn Heat Exchanger Model (m hnh trao i
nhit) phn tch. Cc m hnh bao gm: m hnh End Point Model, m hnh
trao i nhit ngc chiu l tng Ft = 1, Weighted Design Model, phng
php Steady State Rating, v phng php Dynamic Rating c s dng trong
m phng ng. Phng php Dynamic Rating cung c coi nh phng php
c bn v c th c s dng trong m phng tnh nh gi qu trnh trao
i nhit.
3.4.1
Bi ton
Nc nng 250 oC v p sut l 1000 psi c s dng gia nhit dng

nc lnh trong thit b trao i nhit Heat Exchanger. Dng nc lnh vo
vo c nhit 25 oC v p sut l 130 psi. Nhit dng lnh v dng nng ra
khi thit b ln lt l 150 oC v 190oC. Nu lu lng dng nng l 100 kg/h,
tnh lu lng dng lnh i qua thit b trao i nhit.
3.4.2
Tin hnh m phng qu trnh trao i nhit
S dng thit b trao i nhit dng ng v v (shell and tube Heat

Exchanger) m phng qu trnh.
Khai bo cc tham s dng vo, dng ra c nu trong bi ton.
Tnh lu lng khi lng dng lnh.
Xc nh cu t v phng trnh trng thi s dng trng fluid package
Thit lp dng v thit b Heat Exchanger
1. Xc nh c s m phng
Nhp cc cu t v phng trnh trng thi nh cho trong bng sau:
55
Giao din
La chn
Components page
H2 O
Property Package page
Peng-Robinson
Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment.

Thit lp hai dng vt cht vi cc thng s sau:
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Tube in
o
Shell in
Temperature
250 C
25oC
Pressure
1000 psi
130 psi
Mass Flow
100 kg/h
<empty>
Compositions
H2 O 100%
H2 O 100%
3. Thit lp Heat Exchanger

Heat Exchanger thc hin tnh ton cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng
lng, v th c th tnh ton vi nhit , p sut, dng nhit (bao gm c tn
tht v mt mt nhit), lu lng cc dng vt cht v h s trao i nhit UA.
Bm vo biu tng Heat Exchanger trong Object Palette
Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 3.16
Hnh 3.16. Heat Exchanger Design tab Connections page
56
Tng t vi Parameters page (in cc thng s nh hnh 3.17).

gim p Delta P ca Tube and Shell sides (ng v v thit b) l 0 psi.
Hnh 3.17. Heat Exchanger- Design tab- Parameters page
Vo Worksheet tab, trong Conditions page, nhp cc thng tin nh hnh

3.18. Nhit ca Tube out v Shell out ln lt l 190oC v 150o C.
Hnh 3.18. Heat Exchanger- Worksheet tab- Conditions page
57
Lu lng khi lng ca dng lnh l bao nhiu? ________

4. Lu Case
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l Heat Exchanger sau bm phm OK.
Ti iu kin cho v lu lng dng nng l 100 kg/h, lu lng dng
lnh qua thit b trao i nhit l 55.21 kg/h.
3.5
Thp tch pha
Trong m phng tnh, Flash Separator phn chia hn hp hai pha trong
thp thnh pha lng v pha hi. Hai pha lng v hi c phn tch trong thp
sau khi t trng thi cn bng
Flash Separator thc hin tnh ton xc nh cc tham s sn phm v
thnh phn pha. p sut ca qu trnh tch l p sut thp nht ca nguyn liu
tr i gim p qua thp tch. Entanpy bao gm entanpy ca dng nguyn
liu v dng nng lng (gi tr mang du cng nu c un nng, mang du
tr nu c lm lnh).
Separator c kh nng tnh ton kt qu ngc li. Ngoi vic p dng tnh
ton theo tiu chun (dng nguyn liu vo thp khai bo thng tin y ,
c tch ti p sut v entanpy ca thp tch), Separator cn c th s dng
thnh phn bit ca mt dng sn phm tnh ton thnh phn ca dng
sn phm cn li v da trn cn bng vt cht ca dng nguyn liu vo.
3.5.1
Bi ton
Dng vt cht bao gm 15% etan, 20% propan, 60% i-butan, 5% n-butan
50 F v p sut kh quyn, lu lng 100 lbmol/h. Nn dng n 50 psi sau
lm lnh n 32 oF. Sn phm l dng hi v dng lng c tch ra. Tnh lu
lng v thnh phn ca hai dng sn phm ny.
o
3.5.2
Thc hin m phng qu trnh tch pha
Nhp cc cu t v phng trnh trng thi:
Trong giao din
La chn
Peng-Robinson
Components page
Ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane
58
Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment khi sn sng thc hin m

phng
Thit lp dng vt cht vi cc gi tr sau:
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Gas
Temperature
50o F
Pressure
1 atm
Molar Flow
100 lbmole/h
Compositions
Ethane-15%
Propane-20%
i-butane-60%
n-butane-5%
3. Thit lp Compressor
Bm vo biu tng Compressor trong Object Palette.
Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 3.19.
Hnh 3.19. Compressor Design tab - Connections page
59
Trong Worksheet tab, Conditions page, nhp cc thng tin nh hnh

3.20. p sut ca dng Comp Gas l 50 psi (344.7 kPa).
Hnh 3.20. Compressor - Worksheet tab - Conditions page
4. Thit lp Cooler
Bm vo biu tng Cooler trong Object Palette.
Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 3.21.
Hnh 3.21. Cooler - Design tab Connections page
60
Chuyn sang Parameters page. gim p l 0 psi nh trong hnh 3.22.
Hnh 3.22. Cooler - Design tab Parameters page
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, Conditions page, nhp thng s nh hnh

3.23. Nhit dng Cool Gas l 32oF (0oC).
Hnh 3.23. Cooler - Worksheet tab Conditions page
5. Thit lp Flash Separator

Bm vo biu tng Separator trong Object Palette.
61
Trong Connections page, nhp cc thng s nh trong hnh 3.24.
Hnh 3.24. Separator Design tab Connections page
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab xem kt qu (hnh 3.25 v 3.26):
Hnh 3.25. Separator Worksheet tab Conditions page
62
Hnh 3.26. Separator Worksheet tab Composition page
in kt qu nhn c vo bng sau:
Stream:
Flowrate:
Composition:
Top
________________
Ethane: ___________
Propane: ___________
i-Butane: ___________
n-Butane: ___________
Bottom
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
______________
6. Lu Case
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As
t tn file l Flash sau bm OK
Khi hon thnh m phng qu trnh tch hai pha nhn c s PFD nh
trong hnh 3.27.
63
Hnh 3.27. Lu trnh PFD vi thp tch pha
3.6
Cyclon
Thit b Cyclon c s dng ph bin trong cc nh my ho cht, c th

thng c s dng trong qu trnh lm sch s b dng kh khi bi, tp cht
rn do c cu to n gin, hiu sut n nh v c th iu chnh thng qua
vn tc ca dng kh nguyn liu v kch thc ca Cyclon.
Thit b Cyclone c s dng tch ring nhng cht rn t dng kh v
c khuyn co ch s dng tch nhng ht c kch thc ln hn 5.
Cyclone bao gm mt hnh tr thng ng c y hnh cn, mt u vo
tip tuyn vi thn hnh tr gn u thit b, v mt u ra cho cc cht rn
di cng ca y hnh cn. Di tc dng ca lc ly tm xut hin trong dng
kh chuyn ng xoy lm cc ht rn b vng v pha thnh thng Cyclone.
Cc ht rn va p vo thnh thit b, ri xung y hnh cn, v do b tch
ra khi dng kh. Cc cht rn cn tch ra phi c xc nh trc v c
thit lp nh l cc thnh phn trong dng kh.
ci t Cyclone hot ng, bm phm F12 v chn Cyclone t Unit Ops
hoc chn biu tng Cyclone trong Object Palette (trc tin cn phi bm
vo biu tng Solids Ops).
b qua Cyclone trong qu trnh tnh ton, chn Ignored, UNISIM s
hon ton b qua nhng thao tc lin quan n Cyclone cho n khi khi phc
li bng cch b la chn Ignored.
64
3.6.1
Bi ton
Hn hp kh sn phm ca qu trnh chy c a qua thit b Cyclon

lm sch khi bi c hc v bi than cha chy ht. y l cng on in hnh
sau qu trnh kh ho than, hay qu trnh lm sch khi thi t cc nh my
nhit in s dng nguyn liu than, kh. Hiu sut lm sch kh bng Cyclon
khng ch ph thuc vo cu to ca Cyclon, m cn ph thuc vo kch thc
ca ht bi, trong thc t, gi tr ny c th t t 70 - 80% hoc ln hn ty
thuc vo kch thc ht bi. Trong bi ton ny, Cyclon s c m phng
cho qu trnh phn tch gn nh trit bi ra khi dng kh vi gi thit kch
thc ht bi ln. Hn hp dng nguyn liu i vo Cyclon gm c CO,
CO2, SO2, NO2, N2, O2, H2O (hi), Carbon (m phng cho bi c hc v bi
than cha chy ht).
Dng nguyn liu c a vo Cyclon iu kin 120 oC, 1 atm.
3.6.2
Thc hin m phng
Bc u tin cn phi thc hin trc khi bt u mt qu trnh m phng
l la chn phng trnh trng thi thch hp v nhp cc cu t cn thit.
Nhp cc thng tin sau:
Trong page
La chn
Property Package
Peng- Robinson
Components
CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, N2, O2, H2O, C
2. Khi to dng nguyn liu

Cc thng s ca dng Feed c khai bo nh trong bng sau:
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Feed
Temperature [C]
120
Pressure [atm]
Molar Flow [kgmole/hr]
100
65
Compositions, mole fraction

CO
0.125
CO2
0.156
SO2
0.056
NO2
0.0021
N2
0.31
O2
0.056
H2 O
0.1609
0.134
3. Khi to thit b Cyclon

T Object Palette, chn biu tng Solid Ops, tip n chn Cyclone
v a vo PFD.
Trong Connection page ca Design tab, t tn thit b l X-100, kt
ni vi dng nguyn liu l Feed. Dng sn phm hi l Clean Gas,
dng sn phm rn l Solid (nh trn hnh 3.28).
Hnh 3.28. Design tab Connections page
Chuyn sang Parameters page ca Design tab.
66
Trong nhm Configuration, c th chn High Efficiency hoc High Output.

Trong bi ny chn High Efficiency v yu cu lm sch bi vi mc cao ti
98.5%, ngha l 98.5% cc ht bi rn s c loi khi dng kh.
Nhp gi tr Particle Efficiency bng 98.5%.
Trong nhm Efficiency Method c hai la chn: Lapple hoc Leith/Licht method,
phng php sau tnh ton cht ch hn v c tnh n nh hng ca kch thc ht
rn khc nhau. Trong bi ton ny s chn Leith/Licht method (hnh 3.29).
Hnh 3.29. Design tab Parameters page
Chuyn sang Solids page, chn Solid Name l Carbon (hnh 3.30).
Hnh 3.30. Design tab Solids page
67
4. c kt qu tnh ton
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, c th la chn page tng ng c kt qu
tnh ton ca thit b Cyclone. in kt qu vo bng sau.
in cc gi tr sau:
Molar flow (Solid): ________________________________
Mole fraction ca ht rn cn li trong kh sch (C- Clean Gas): _______________
5. Lu case vo th mc xc nh
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l Cyclone sau bm phm OK.
Hon thnh m phng nhn c lu trnh PFD nh trong hnh 3.31.
Hnh 3.31. Lu trnh vi Cyclone
3.7
Ejector
Ejector l mt cng c mi ca UNISIM v bt u c a vo t phin

bn UNISIM Design R410. Xut pht t nhu cu tnh ton thc t, cng c
Ejector gip m phng qu trnh st vi thc t hn. Ejector l thit b cho
php trn hai dng kh c p sut v lu lng khc nhau, v d khi thc hin
m phng qu trnh cng ngh ha lng kh t nhin trong nh my sn xut
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)
Trn thc t, thit b Ejector c s dng ph bin trong cc nh my kh,
cc dng kh i vo Ejector c p sut v lu lng rt khc nhau, v gi tr p
68
sut ca dng kh i ra khi Ejector s c tnh ton da trn p sut ca cc

dng kh i vo.
tm c cng c Ejector trong UNISIM c th lm theo mt trong hai
cch sau:
Bm phm nng F12, chn Ejector
Trn thanh Menu chnh chn Flowsheet, sau chn Add Operation,
chn tip Ejector ct bn phi Available Units Operations khi to
Ejector.
Hnh 3.32. Design tab - Connections page
Trn giao din Connections tab ca Ejector (hnh 3.32), c th kt ni cc

dng vo Ejector, trong , dng ti v tr Suction Stream c vai tr l dng ht,
do vy dng ny phi c p sut ln hn, dng Motive Stream l dng c p sut
nh hn. Ti giao din ny, cung c th la chn ch lm vic cho Ejector:
Steam: cho php trn hai dng hi nc c p sut chnh lch nhau.
Gas-Gas: cho php trn hai dng kh c p sut chnh lch nhau.
Cc tab cn li ca Ejector s c gi nguyn theo mc nh. p sut ca

dng kh i ra khi Ejector s c UNISIM tnh ton da vo p sut ca hai
dng kh nguyn liu.
69
3.7.1
Bi ton
Trong nh my sn xut kh t nhin ha lng, LNG c to ra bng cch

ha lng kh t nhin ( qua cng on ch bin s b: tch nc, lm ngt
t n gii hn yu cu) nhit thp. Trong cng ngh ha lng kh,
Ejector c s dng trn dng kh p sut cao vi dng kh p sut thp
c tun hon tr li t cc thp tch pha (V-1 v V-2), dng kh i ra y
s c a vo my gin n ngng t kh v a vo thp tch pha. Dng
nguyn liu a vo qu trnh iu kin nhit 310 K v p sut 6,765 MPa.
My nn dng
nguyn liu
A-1
A-3
A-2
Nguyn liu
Freon
E-1
V-1
My nn dng
tun hon
E-2
V-2
A-1 v A-3: Thit b trao i nhit Shell & Tube
A-2: Thit b lm lnh bng Freon
E-1 v E-2: Ejector
V-1 v V-2: Thp tch pha
Hnh 3.33. S nguyn l cng ngh sn xut LNG
3.7.2
LNG
Thc hin m phng
Bc u tin cn phi thc hin trc khi bt u mt qu trnh m phng
l la chn phng trnh trng thi thch hp v nhp cc cu t cn thit. Nhp
cc thng tin sau:
Trong page
La chn
Property Package
Peng- Robinson
Components
C1, C2, C3, iC4, nC4, iC5, nC5, nC6
70

Conditions
Name
Feed
Temperature
310 K
Pressure
6.765 MPa
Molar Flow
80 kgmole/hr

C1
0.9056
nC4
0.0060
C2
0.0508
iC5
0.0020
C3
0.0252
nC5
0.0013
iC4
0.0072
nC6
0.0019
3. Khi to ln lt cc thit b sau

Khi to my nn Comp-1
T Object Palette, chn Compressor a vo PFD.
Tab [page]
Design tab
[Connections page]
Worksheet tab
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Comp-1
Inlet
Feed
Outlet
Comp-1 out
Energy
Q- comp 1
Pressure (comp-1 out)
20 MPa
Sau khi nhp xong cc thng s, my nn Comp-1 s c giao din nh hnh

3.34.
71
Chuyn sang Conditions page ca Worksheet tab, nhp gi tr p sut cho

dng comp-1 out l 20 MPa (hnh 3.35).
Hnh 3.35. Worksheet tab Conditions page
72
Khi to thit b lm mt (giao din nh trn hnh 3.36).
Design tab
[Connections page]
[Parameters page]
Worksheet tab
Name
Cooler-1
Inlet
Comp-1 out
Outlet
To mixer
Energy
Q-cooler- 1
Delta P
0 kPa
Temperature (to mixer)
313 K
Khi to thit b trn dng MIXER (giao din nh trn hnh 3.37).
Design tab
[Connections page]
Design tab
[Parameters page]
Name
Mixer
Inlet
To Mixer
Outlet
M-1 out
Automatic Pressure Assignment
Equalize All
73
Khi to thit b trao i nhit A-1

Design tab
Name
A-1
[Connections page]
Tube side Inlet
M-1 out
Shell Side Inlet
Rec to A-1
Tube side outlet
To A-2
Shell side outlet
To rec-Comp
Design tab
Delta P (Tube side, Shell side)
0 kPa
[Parameters page]
Heat Exchanger Model
Weighted
Worksheet tab
Temperature (To A-2)
300 K
Giao din thuc tnh ca thit b trao i nhit A-1 hin th nh trn cc
hnh 3.38, 3.39 v 3.40.
74
Hnh 3.39. Design tab Parameters page
75
Hnh 3.40. Worksheet tab Conditions page
Khi to thit b lm lnh A-2

Khai bo cc thng s ca A-2 nh trong bng sau:
Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
A-2
Inlet
To A-2
Outlet
To A-3
Energy
Q- A-2
Design tab
[Parameters page]
Delta P
0 kPa
Worksheet tab
Temperature (to A-3)
290 K
Giao din hin th nh trong hnh 3.41.
76
Khi to thit b trao i nhit A-3

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
A-3
Tube side Inlet
To A-3
Shell Side Inlet
Rec to A-3
Tube side outlet
To TEE
Shell side outlet
Rec to A-1
Design tab
[Parameters page]
Delta P (Tube side, Shell side)
0 kPa
Weighted
Worksheet tab
Temperature (To TEE)
285 K
Khi to thit b chia dng TEE

Design tab
[Connections page]
Design tab
[Parameters page]
Name
TEE
Inlet
to TEE
Outlet
To E-1
To E-2
Flow Ratios
0.5
77
Khai bo dng Rec to E-1 vi cc thng tin cho trong bng sau:
Conditions
Name
Rec to E-1
Temperature [K]
140.4
Pressure [MPa]
0.6

C1
0.9993
C2
0.0007
Khi to thit b Ejector E-1 (giao din nh trn hnh 3.42).

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
E-1
Suction Stream
to E-1
Motive Stream
rec to E-1
Operation Mode
Gas-Gas
Discharge stream
to Ex-1
Hnh 3.42. Design tab - Connections page
78
Khi to my gin n kh Ex-1 (giao din nh trn hnh 3.43).

Design tab
[Connections page]
Worksheet tab
Name
Ex-1
Inlet
to Ex-1
Outlet
To V-1
Energy
Q-Ex-1
Pressure ( to A-4)
1.2 MPa
Hnh 3.43. Design tab - Connection page

Khi to thp tch pha V-1 (giao din nh trn hnh 3.44).
Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
V-1
Inlet
To V-1
Vapour outlet
Rec to A-3
Liquid outlet
To RV-1
79
Hnh 3.44. Design tab - Connection page
Khi to van gim p RV-1

Design tab
[Connections page]
Worksheet tab
Name
RV-1
Inlet
To RV-1
Outlet
To V-2
Pressure ( to V-2)
0.6 MPa
Khi to thp tch pha V-2

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
V-2
Inlet
To V-2
Vapour Outlet
To rec-1
Liquid Outlet
to RV-2
Khi to cng c Recycle thc hin tun hon dng kh a vo

Ejector: REC-1 (giao din nh trn hnh 3.45).
Design tab
[Connections page]
80
Name
REC-1
Inlet
To rec-1
Outlet
Rec to E-1
Hnh 3.45. Connections tab - Connections page
Khi to van gim p RV-2

Design tab
[Connections page]
Worksheet tab
Name
RV-2
Inlet
To RV-2
Outlet
to Tank
Pressure ( to Tank)
0.4 MPa
Khi to thng cha sn phm Tank

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
Tank
Inlet
to Tank
Vapour outlet
to rec-2
Liquid outlet
LNG
Khi to cng c Recycle thc hin tun hon dng kh a vo

Ejector 2: REC-2
Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
REC-2
Inlet
To rec-2
Outlet
Rec to E-2
81
Khi to thit b Ejector E-2

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
E-2
Suction Stream
to E-2
Motive Stream
rec to E-2
Operation Mode
Gas- Gas
Discharge stream
to Ex-2
Khi to thit b gin n kh Ex-2 (giao din nh trn hnh 3.46).

Design tab
[Connections page]
Worksheet tab
Name
Ex-2
Inlet
To Ex-2
Outlet
Out from Ex-2
Energy
Q- Ex-2
Pressure ( out from Ex-2)
0.6 MPa
Dng Out from Ex-2 i ra khi Ex-1 c a vo thp tch pha V-2, sau
khi hon thnh, giao din ca thp tch V-2 s hin th nh trong hnh 3.47.
82
Khi to my nn tng p cho dng kh tun hon Rec-comp

Design tab
[Connections page]
Worksheet tab
Name
Rec-comp
Inlet
To rec-comp
Outlet
To cooler-2
Energy
Q- rec-comp
Pressure (to cooler-2)
20 MPa
Khi to thit b lm lnh Cooler-2

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
Cooler-2
Inlet
To cooler-2
Outlet
To rec-3
Design tab
[Parameters page]
Delta P
0 kPa
Worksheet tab
Temperature (to rec-3)
313 K
Khi to cng c Recycle REC-3

Design tab
[Connections page]
Name
REC-3
Inlet
To rec-3
Outlet
Rec to mixer
83
Sau dng Rec to mixer c a vo MIXER. Giao din ca MIXER

s hin th nh trong hnh 3.48.
Hnh 3.49. S PFD m phng cng ngh ha lng kh t nhin
84
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, c th la chn page tng ng c kt

qu tnh ton ca Ejector. in kt qu vo bng sau.
in cc gi tr sau:
Molar flow of to Ex-1: ______________________________
Mole fraction of to Ex-1: ____________________________
Vo File menu
Chn Save As
t tn file l Ejector sau bm phm OK
3.8
Tm tt v n tp chng 3
Tm c nhit dng ra khi bit cng sut hiu dng ca bm, my
nn, tuc bin gin n kh Kt ni cc dng vi thit b. Xc nh
nhit u ra khi bit cng sut hiu dng ca thit b v ngc li.
Bm dng vn chuyn cht lng. Trong chng ny s dng

m hnh bm m phng qu trnh bm cht lng. Bit cch
khai bo cc tham s ca bm
Kt ni compressor v expander tn dng nng lng.
My nn ni chung dng vn chuyn kh. Trong chng ny
s dng Compressor m phng qu trnh nn. Bit cch khai
bo cc tham s ca mt Compressor.
Trong chng ny, s dng Heat Exchanger tnh ton v tm lu
lng dng lnh i qua thit b trao i nhit iu kin cho, s
dng phng php tnh ton End Point Model.
Separator trong UNISIM c s dng m phng qu trnh tch hai
pha lng v hi. thc hin tnh ton lu lng ca dng lng v
dng hi ra khi thp tch khi bit lu lng dng hai pha vo thp.
85
Dng hi v dng lng trong thp tch t trng thi cn bng trc khi
c tch ra.
Thit b Cyclon c s dng ph bin trong phn tch hai pha khng
ng nht rn kh. T kt qu nhn c c th thy hiu qu phn
tch ca Cyclon, v vai tr ca Cyclon trong cng nghip s dng
phn tch cc ht rn. i vi cc qu trnh yu cu tch trit , hiu
sut tch cao hn khi c mt cc ht bi kch thc nh (<5m) th cn
thm cc phng php tch khc, v d nh s dng thit b lc in
3.9
Khc vi Mixer c s dng trong trng hp trn hai dng kh c p

sut gn bng nhau, tnh ton gn ng bng cch tnh p sut dng ra
bng p sut ca dng c p sut nh hn hoc tnh cn bng p sut
hai dng, trong chng ny lm quen vi Ejector, thit b c s
dng ph bin trong cc nh my x l v ch bin kh, cho php trn
hai dng kh c p sut v lu lng chnh lch nhau rt nhiu vi kt
qu tnh ton chnh xc, ph hp vi thc t. m phng phng phn
xng ha lng kh sn xut kh t nhin ha lng LNG, trong c
s dng Ejector.
Bi tp nng cao
Khi nhit u ra ca bm l 200C th cng sut hiu dng ca bm l

bao nhiu?
Nu nhit dng ra l 400C th cng sut hiu dng ca my nn
l bao nhiu?
Cng sut hiu dng ca expander l bao nhiu khi nhit dng kh
u ra l 30 oC?
Nu lu lng dng lnh l 100 kg/h, xc nh lu lng dng nng.
Nhit lng trao i gia hai dng l bao nhiu?
Nu nhit dng Cool Gas l 10oF, th lu lng v thnh phn ca hai
dng l bao nhiu?
86
Chng 4. CC THIT B PHN NG
Ni dung
Trong chng ny gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n cc m hnh thit
b phn ng c bn trong cng ngh ho hc: phn ng chuyn ho, phn ng
cn bng, phn ng Gibbs, thit b phn ng khuy lin tc (CSTR), v thit b
phn ng dng y (PFR). Thng qua m phng cc qu trnh phn ng c th,
a ra cch thit lp phn ng v nhm phn ng, cch la chn m hnh phn
ng ph hp trn c s thng tin bit v qu trnh phn ng.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc xong c th:
M phng qu trnh phn ng trong UNISIM
Thit lp cc phn ng
Thit lp nhm phn ng (Reaction Set)
Gn Reaction Set ci t vi h nhit ng Fluid Package
La chn m hnh phn ng ph hp
In cc thng tin ca dng v d liu Workbook
Yu cu
iu chnh PFD
Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook
Khi to v ni cc dng v thit b trong PFD
S dng Case Study
87
4.1
Thit b phn ng chuyn ho
Loi phn ng chuyn ho khng yu cu cc thng tin v nhit ng hc.

Vic phi lm l nhp h s t lng phn ng v chuyn ho ca cht phn
ng c bn. chuyn ho lun lun di 100%. Phn ng tin hnh cho n
khi t gii hn hoc ht cht phn ng.
Vic nhm cc phn ng khc loi vi nhau l khng th thc hin, tuy
nhin, c th nhm cc phn ng Conversion li thnh mt nhm v phn loi
cc phn ng (phn ng ni tip hay song song). Phn ng c bc thp nht s
xy ra u tin (c th bt u hoc l 0 hoc 1). Cung nh cc phn ng n
l, tng chuyn ho cu t c bn trong nhm cc phn ng khng c qu
100%.
Cc phn ng Conversion khng c s dng trong cc thit b phn ng
y l tng (PFR) hoc khuy l tng (CSTR). Ni chung, cc phn ng
Conversion ch c thc hin trong thit b phn ng Conversion Reactor.
Ngoi ra cung c th s dng thp tch hai pha Separator thc hin phn
ng chuyn ho.
Trong chng ny s pht trin m hnh sn xut kh hydro t metan bng
phn ng oxi ho. Phng php oxi ho khng hon ton da trn phn ng ca
metan vi khng kh sn xut oxit cacbon v kh hydro. Thc hin khai bo
cc phn ng chuyn ho (Conversion) v thit lp nhm cc phn ng vo
thit b phn ng trong UNISIM
4.1.1
Bi ton
Cng ngh sn xut kh hydro t hydrocacbon c nhng bc pht trin

ng k trong thp k qua. Hiu qu ca cng ngh sn xut hydro c lin quan
trc tip n cc thit b chuyn ho nng lng nh pin nhin liu (fuel cell).
S chuyn ho nhin liu thnh hydro c thc hin bng qu trnh oxi ho
khng hon ton. Phng php ny da vo phn ng ca nhin liu v d nh
metan vi khng kh to ra oxit cacbon v hydro.
CH4 + 1/2 O2
CH4 + O2
CO
2H 2
CO2
2H2
Pht trin m hnh i din cho qu trnh oxi ho khng hon ton metan
sn xut hydro.
88
4.1.2
Thc hin m phng
Bc u tin m phng qu trnh sn xut hydro l chn phng trnh

trng thi thch hp. Nhp cc thng tin nh sau:
Trong
La chn
Peng-Robinson
Components page
CH4, O2, N2, CO, CO2 , H2
1. Thit lp cc phn ng
Cc phn ng trong UNISIM c khi to theo cch tng t nh thm
cc cu t khi bt u xy dng c s m phng.
Bm vo Reaction tab trong Simulation Basis Manager. Lu rng tt c
cc cu t chn c hin th trong danh sch Rxn Components.
Hnh 4.1. Giao din Reaction tab
Bm phm Add Rxn, s hin th ca s nh c cha danh sch cc phn

ng, chn phn ng Conversion t danh sch.
Nhp cc thng tin nh trong giao din hnh 4.2 sau y:
89
Hnh 4.2. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-1 Stoichiometry tab
Chuyn sang Basis tab v nhp cc thng tin nh trong giao din hnh
4.3 sau y:
Hnh 4.3. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-1 Basis tab
Vi phn ng th 2, tng t nhp cc thng tin sau:
90
Hnh 4.4. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-2 Stoichiometry tab
Tng t Basis tab, nhp cc thng tin sau:
Hnh 4.5. Giao din Conversion Reaction Rxn-2 Basis tab
91
2. Thit lp nhm cc phn ng

Khi hai phn ng ny c khai bo y cc thng tin, cn phi thit
lp Reaction Set cho thit b phn ng chuyn ho Conversion Reactor.
Vn ang Reaction tab (nh hnh 4.1), bm phm Add Set. t tn cm
phn ng l Oxidation Rxn Set, v nhp hai phn ng Rxn-1, Rxn-2 vo. Cc
phn ng c nhp bng cch chn cc phn ng cn thit t danh sch th
xung trong Active List. Giao din s hin th nh trong hnh 4.6 di y khi
hon thnh.
Hnh 4.6. Giao din to Oxidation Rxn Set
3. Thit lp cc phn ng ni tip

Cc phn ng chuyn ho c th c nhm li v phn loi phn ng (ni
tip hoc song song). Phn ng no c xp hng thp nht s xy ra u tin
(c th bt u hoc l 0 hoc 1).
thit lp cho cc phn ng xy ra ni tip, trong Oxidation Rxn Set
(hnh 4.6), bm vo phm Ranking v nhp cc thng tin cho phn ng Rxn1 c Rank l 0, phn ng Rxn-2 c Rank l 1, nh trong hnh 4.7 di y.
iu c ngha l cc phn ng Rxn-1 v Rxn-2 l cc phn ng ni tip,
phn ng Rxn-1 s xy ra trc, phn ng Rxn-2 xy ra sau.
92
Hnh 4.7. Thit lp cho cc phn ng ni tip
4. Lin kt nhm phn ng vo Fluid Package

Sau khi thit lp nhm phn ng (Reaction Set), cn phi nhp vo h nhit
ng la chn trong UNISIM s dng.
Chn Reaction Set v bm phm Add to FP.
Chn Fluid Package v bm phm Add Set to Fluid Package.
Nu cn, c th save Fluid Package kem theo cc phn ng gn vo.
Nh vy c th m li FP ny bt k bi ton m phng no khc
trong UNISIM khi FP ny ph hp.
Khi cc phn ng ci t c gn vo Fluid Package, c th vo mi
trng m phng v bt u xy dng PFD.
5. Thit lp cc dng vt cht
Thit lp dng vt cht th nht vi cc thng tin cho trong bng sau.
Trong ...
Nhp thng tin
Name
Methane
Temperature
25oC
Pressure
2 bar
Molar Flow
100 kgmole/h

C1
1.000
93
Tng t vi dng th hai

Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
Air
Temperature
25oC
Pressure
2 bar
Molar Flow
260 kgmole/h

N2
0.79
O2
0.21
6. Thit lp thit b phn ng chuyn ho

T Object Palette, bm vo biu tng General Reactor, chn
Conversion Reactor v a vo PFD.
t tn thit b l Oxidation Reactor v ni vi hai dng nguyn liu
thit lp trn l Methane v Air. t tn dng sn phm hi l
Ox_Vap, mc d trong trng hp ny khng c sn phm lng nhng
vn phi t tn l Ox_Liq (hnh 4.8).
Hnh 4.8. Oxidation Reactor Design tab Connections page
94
Trong Details page ca Reaction tab, chn nhm phn ng Oxidation

Rxn Set ci t, cc phn ng s t ng c kt ni vi thit b
phn ng (hnh 4.9).
Hnh 4.9. Oxidation Reactor Reactions tab Details page
Chuyn sang Composition page ca Worksheet tab, phn tch thnh

phn ca dng sn phm Ox_Vap, in kt qu vo bng di y.
Lu lng mol ca cc cu t bng bao nhiu?
Methane: _____________
Nitrogen: ________________
Oxygen: ______________
CO: _____________________
CO2: _________________
Hydrogen: ________________
7. Lu Case
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l Conversion sau bm phm OK.
Lu trnh hon thnh nh trong hnh 4.10.
95
Hnh 4.10.Lu trnh PFD vi thit b phn ng chuyn ho
4.1.3
Tm tt v n tp
Trong phn ny gii thiu m hnh sn xut hydro t metan bng

phng php oxi ho khng hon ton. Phng php ny da trn nhng phn
ng ca metan vi khng kh to ra cacbon oxit v hydro. Qua hc c
cch thao tc thit lp cc phn ng chuyn ho (Conversion) v nhm cc
phn ng (Reactions Set) trong UNISIM, sau nhp cc nhm phn ng vo
h nhit ng. Khi thc hin m phng, cc phn ng s c lin kt vi thit
b phn ng, UNISIM s thc hin tnh ton cc phn ng ny.
4.2
Thit b phn ng cn bng
Equilibrium Reactor l thit b m phng trong thc hin cc phn ng

cn bng (equilibrium reaction). Dng ra khi thit b t trng thi cn bng
ho hc v vt l. Reaction Set c gn cho Equilibrium Reactor bao gm
khng gii hn cc phn ng cn bng, c din ra song song hoc ni tip.
Khng c cc cu t v qu trnh l tng, UNISIM c th tnh ton hot tnh
ho hc ca mi cu t trong hn hp phn ng da trn fugat ca cc cu t
n cht v hn hp.
Pht trin m hnh i din l phn ng chuyn ho kh (Water Gas Shift
WGS). Vai tr ca phn ng WGS l tng hiu sut H2 v gim nng CO p
ng yu cu ca pin nhin liu, khng gy ng c anot v gim hiu sut s
dng ca pin.
C th kim tra chuyn ho thc t, thnh phn cu t c bn, hng s
cn bng v bc phn ng i vi tng phn ng c ci t trong Reaction Set.
chuyn ho, hng s cn bng v cc thng s tnh ton khc, tt c c tnh
ton da trn nhng thng tin c cung cp khi thit lp Reaction Set.
96
4.2.1
Bi ton
Mt ng dng mi ca hydro sn xut pin nhin liu cho ng c (PEM

fuel cell). Pin nhin liu i hi nng CO thp hn 10 20 ppm, trnh
gy ng c anot v lm gim t ngt hiu sut nhin liu. Cc pin nhin liu
(fuel cell) bin i nng lng ho hc ca nhin liu hydro trc tip thnh
nng lng in. Khng ging nh pin hoc c quy, pin nhin liu khng b
mt in v cung khng c kh nng tch in. Pin nhin liu hot ng lin tc
khi nhin liu l hydro v cht oxi ho l oxy c a t ngoi vo.
Do , nu hydro c sn xut t qu trnh reforming hydrocacbon hoc
ru, vic tinh ch lm gim nng CO l v cng cn thit. Cng ngh ph
bin nht hin nay l chuyn ho kh bng hi nc (WGS) theo phn ng sau:
CO
+ H 2O
CO 2 +
H2
Phn ng ny c s dng trong cng nghip t hn 50 nm trc

sn xut hydro t cc hydrocacbon lng v kh. Vai tr ca phn ng WGS l
tng hiu sut hydro v lm gim nng CO trnh gy ng c xc tc.
Xy dng m hnh phn ng WGS.
4.2.2
Thc hin m phng qu trnh phn ng cn bng
S s dng tip case phn ng chuyn ho lm trn, c b sung thm

cu t, H2 O.
M case lu trn vi phn ng Conversion
Hnh 4.11. M case Conversion
97
Bm vo biu tng Enter Basis Environment trn thanh cng c vo

giao din Simulation Basis Manager.
Trong Components tab, vo giao din Component List-1 thm cu t.
Thm cu t H2 O vo danh sch, nh m t trong hnh 4.12.
Hnh 4.12. B sung cu t H2O
1. Thit lp cc phn ng
Cc phn ng trong UNISIM c nhp vo theo cch tng t nh nhp
cu t thc hin m phng.
Bm vo Reaction tab trong Simulation Basis Manager. Lu rng tt c
cc cu t c hin th trong danh sch Rxn Components.
Hnh 4.13. Thit lp phn ng
98
Bm vo phm Add Rxn, chn phn ng Equilibrium t danh sch hin

th. Nhp cc thng tin cn thit nh sau:
Hnh 4.14. Nhp h s t lng cho phn ng
Trong Basis tab, cc thng s mc nh v vy khng cn khai bo, giao

din nh sau:
Hnh 4.15. Giao din Basis tab
99
2. Nhp Reaction Sets

Khi phn ng ny c khai bo y cc thng tin, c th ci t cho
thit b phn ng cn bng Equilibrium Reactor. Trong Reaction tab, bm vo
phm Add Set. t tn nhm phn ng ny (Reaction Set) l WGS Rxn Set, v
nhp phn ng Rxn-3 vo. Cc phn ng c nhp vo bng cch la chn
cc phn ng trong danh sch ca nhm Active List. Kt thc s c giao din
nh m t trong hnh 4.16 di y:
Hnh 4.16. Thit lp Reaction Set
3. Lin kt Reaction Set vo Fluid Package

Sau khi thit lp nhm phn ng (Reaction Set), cn phi a vo Fluid
Package UNISIM c th s dng trong tnh ton.
Chn Reaction Set v bm phm Add to FP.
Chn Fluid Package v bm phm Add Set to Fluid Package.
Khi cc phn ng c ci t c lin kt vo Fluid Package, bm
phm Return to the Simulation Environment quay tr li mi trng m
phng v bt u xy dng m phng PFD.
Lu rng phm Solver c bt (biu tng en mu xanh trn thanh
cng c).
4. Thit lp dng nguyn liu
Thit lp dng vt cht vi cc thng tin sau:
100
Trong ...
Nhp thng tin
Name
Steam
Temperature
100oC
Pressure
2 bar
Molar Flow
100 kgmole/h

H2 O
1.000
5. Thit lp Equilibrium Reactor

T Object Palette, bm vo vo biu tng General Reactor, trong s
bn loi thit b phn ng xut hin: Gibbs, Equilibrium, Conversion v
Yield, chn Equilibrium Reactor v a vo PFD.
t tn thit b l WGS Reactor v ni vi hai dng nguyn liu l
Ox_Vap v Steam. t tn dng sn phm hi l WGS_Vap, v mc d
trong trng hp ny khng c sn phm lng nhng vic t tn l bt
buc WGS_Liq.
Hon thnh kt ni hai dng nguyn liu v t tn cc dng sn phm,
nhn c giao din nh trong hnh 4.17
Hnh 4.17. Kt ni cc dng vo thit b phn ng
101
Trong Details page ca Reactions tab, chn WGS Rxn Set ci t,

cc phn ng s t ng c kt ni vi thit b phn ng.
Hnh 4.18. Reaction tab - Details page
Trong Composition page ca Worksheet tab, phn tch thnh phn ca

dng kh sn phm WGS_Vap.
Lu lng mol ca cc cu t sau bng bao nhiu?
Methane: ____________
Nitrogen: ____________
Oxygen: _____________
CO: ________________
CO2: ________________
Hydrogen: ___________
Tnh ton phn trm ca cc cu t (so snh vi kt qu trong chng 10)

CO gim: __________________________
Hydrogen tng: ____________________
4.2.3
In s liu tnh ton cc dng v thit b
Trong UNISIM c th in bng s liu ca cc dng, thit b v Workbook.
M Workbook bng cch bm vo biu tng trn thanh cng c. Hoc

bm vo phm Tools t menu chnh ri chn Workbook (hoc s dng
phm nng Ctrl+W). Giao din Workbook s hin th nh hnh 11.9.
102
Hnh 4.19. Giao din Workbook
Trong giao din cha hin th thnh phn phn mol ca cc cu t. Cn phi
b sung thm bin vo Workbook. Giao din Workbook ang m, trn thanh
menu chn Workbook, trong danh sch th xung chn Setup (hnh 4.20).
Hnh 4.20. B sung thm bin vo Workbook
103
Trong Variables group, bm phm Add s hin th giao din nh trong

hnh 4.21. Trong danh sch cc bin Variable, chn Master Comp Molar Flow
v trong danh sch Variable Specifics, chn Methane. Bm phm OK.
Hnh 4.21. Chn bin nhp thm vo Workbook
Lp li nh trn vi tt c cc cu t cn li. Khi kt thc kim tra li

giao din Workbook nh hnh 4.22.
Hnh 4.22. Giao din Workbook nhp thm lu lng cc cu t
104
Nhp chut phi vo i tng kim tra trn thanh cng c Workbook.
Print Datasheet s xut hin nh trong hnh 4.23.
Hnh 4.23. Hin th Print Datasheet
Chn Print Datasheet. Giao din Select Datablock to Print for Workbook
s xut hin (hnh 4.24).
Hnh 11.14. Giao din Select Datablock to Print for Workbook
T danh sch, c th chn in (Print) hoc xem li (Preview) bt k bng

d liu no.
C th sa i nh dng trang in, la chn my in, hoc cch thc hin
th ca bng s liu trong trang in, bng cch s dng cc phm
Format/Layout hoc phm Print Setup
105
Lu Case
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l Equilibrium sau bm phm OK.
Khi hon thnh m phng PFD nhn c nh trong hnh 4.25.
Hnh 4.25. Lu trnh vi Conversion v Equilibrium Reactor
4.2.4
Tm tt v n tp
Pht trin m hnh chuyn ho kh bng hi nc. Vai tr ca phn ng

WGS l tng hiu sut hydro v gim nng CO p ng yu cu s dng
trong pin nhin liu, trnh ng c anot v gim hiu sut ca pin nhin liu.
Qua , hiu thm v cc phn ng cn bng (Equilibrium Reaction) v cch
thit lp phn ng cn bng, nhm phn ng v thit b phn ng cn bng
trong UNISIM. ng thi cung lm quen vi cch in s liu kt qu tnh
ton cc dng v thit b trong lu trnh.
4.3
Thit b phn ng Gibbs
Thc hin tnh ton h phn ng t cn bng tho mn iu kin ti thiu

nng lng t do Gibbs bng cng c Gibbs Reactor trong UNISIM. Nng
lng t do Gibbs ca h phn ng t gi tr ti thiu trng thi cn bng,
c s dng tnh ton thnh phn hn hp sau phn ng. Cung nh
Equilibrium Reactor, cc cu t tinh khit v hn hp phn ng c gi s
trng thi l tng.
Thit b phn ng Gibbs c s dng khi c rt t thng tin v h phn
ng, khng yu cu khai bo h s t lng cc cu t ca phn ng, c th c
hoc khng thit lp phn ng cn bng trong Reaction Set.
106
4.3.1 Bi ton
Cng ngh cracking hi nc Etan sn xut Etylen, vi phn ng chnh:
C 2H 6
C2H4 + H2
Qu trnh xy ra nhit 350 oC, p sut 1 atm, t l hi nc/etan l 1/2.

4.3.2 Thc hin m phng
Bc u tin m phng qu trnh sn xut etylen l la chn phng
trnh trng thi thch hp. Nhp cc thng tin sau:
Trong page
La chn
Property Package
Peng Robinson
Components
Ethane, Ethylene, H2 , H2 O
2. Thit lp phn ng
Bm vo Reactions tab trong Simulation Basis Manager. Trong tab
ny cho php thit lp cc phn ng xy ra trong lu trnh.
Trong Reactions group, bm vo phm Add Rxn, s xut hin ca s
cc thuc tnh ca phn ng Reactions property.
Trong danh sch, chn Equilibrium Reaction, sau bm vo phm
Add Reaction. Giao din thuc tnh ca Equilibrium Reaction xut
hin, m Stoichiometry tab. in thng tin nh hin th trong hnh
4.26. di y.
Hnh 4.26. Equilibrium Reaction Stoichiometry tab
107
Trong giao din thuc tnh ca Equilibrium Reaction, chuyn sang

Basis tab. Chn thng tin trong danh sch th xung nh hin th trong
hnh 4.27 di y. Tip theo chn Gibbs Free Energy trong bng Keq
Source pha bn phi cho thit b phn ng Gibbs.
Bc tip theo l to Reaction Set: trong Reaction tab ca Simulation
Basis Manager, bm vo phm Add Set. Nhp Rxn-1 vo Global Rxn
Set.
Hnh 4.27. Equilibrium Reaction Basis tab
Bc cui cng l lin kt Reaction Set vo Fluid Package, c th

thc hin tnh ton trong flowsheet. Thm Reaction Set vo Fluid
Package.
Sau khi thm phn ng vo Fluid Package, bm phm Enter the
Simulation Environment v bt u xy dng m phng.
108
Name
Feed
Temperature [C]
350
Pressure [kPa]
101.3
3.000
Ethane [Mole Flow]
2.000
H2O [Mole Flow]
1.000
4. Khi to thit b phn ng Gibbs

T Object Palette, chn Gibbs Reactor, v a vo PFD.
Trong Connection page ca Design tab, t tn thit b phn ng l
GBR-Reactor, ni vi dng nguyn liu l Feed. Dng sn phm hi l
Vap Prod, dng sn phm lng l Liq Prod. Dng nng lng l Q.
Hnh 4.28. Design tab Connection page
Chuyn sang Parameters page ca Design tab, nhp gi tr Delta P bng

40 kPa, Duty bng 5e+5 kJ/h.
109
Hnh 4.29. Design tab Parameterpage
Chuyn sang Reaction tab, chn Gibbs Reaction Only (hnh 4.30). Nu
chn Specify Equilibrium Reactions th cn phi nhp Global Reaction
Set nh trong hnh 4.31.
Hnh 4.30. Reaction tab Gibbs Reaction Only
110
Hnh 4.31. Reaction tab Specify Equilibrium Reactions
5. c kt qu tnh ton
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, c th la chn page tng ng c kt
qu tnh ton ca Gibbs Reactor. in kt qu nhn c.
in cc gi tr sau:
Product Temperature: ________________________________
Vapour Product Molar Flow: ________________________
Chuyn sang Composition page ca Worksheet tab, phn tch thnh phn
ca dng sn phm Product, in kt qu nhn c.
Lu lng mol ca cc cu t bng bao nhiu?
Ethane: ____________________
Ethylene: ____________________
Hydrogen:___________________
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l GBR sau bm phm OK.
111
Hnh 4.32. Lu trnh vi Reactor Gibbs
4.3.3
Tm tt v n tp
Gibbs Reactor l cng c tnh ton phn ng tho mn yu cu ti thiu

nng lng t do Gibbs khi phn ng t cn bng. tnh ton vi thit b
phn ng Gibbs c th khai bo phn ng hoc khng cn phi khai bo phn
ng khi khng c y thng tin v phng trnh phn ng cn bng.
4.3.4
Bi tp nng cao
Hn hp kh c lu lng 100 kg-mol/hr cha 50 mol% Nitrogen v 50

mol% Hydrogen 1 atm v 50 oC a vo thit b phn ng tng hp amoniac.
Phn ng pha kh s dng h nhit ng Peng-Robinson. Gibbs Reactor lm
vic ch ng nhit. Xc nh lu lng sn phm amoniac to thnh.
4.4
Thit b phn ng khuy lin tc (CSTR)
Thc hin m phng quy trnh sn xut propylen glycol vi m hnh thit
b phn ng khuy lin tc.
Dng nguyn liu l oxit propylen v nc c trn Mixer, dng hn
hp ra l nguyn liu cho phn ng. Oxit propylen phn ng vi nc trong
thit b phn ng l thng khuy lin tc (CSTR), vi iu kin p sut kh
quyn propylen glycol c to thnh.
4.4.1
Thit lp mt Session Preference mi
Khi ng UNISIM v to mt case mi. Vic u tin l thit lp Session

Preference.
112
T Tools trn thanh menu chnh chn Preference. Giao din thuc tnh
ca Session Preference s xut hin nh hnh 4.33.
Hnh 4.33. Giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preference
Trn Simulation tab, chn Options page. Phi chc chn l khng
kch hot Use Modal Property Views.
Chuyn sang Variables tab, chn Units page, xut hin ca s nh hnh
4.34.
4.4.2
Khi to H n v o mi
Cng vic u tin cn thc hin khi xy dng m phng l phi chn h
n vi o (Unit Set). UNISIM khng cho php thay i ba h n v o mc
nh c lit k trong danh sch unit sets, tuy nhin c th to mt unit set
mi. Trong chng ny, s to mt unit set mi da trn h n v Anh ca
UNISIM (Field set), sau hiu chnh theo yu cu.
Trong danh sch Available Units Set, chn Field (hnh 4.34).
Tham s Liq.Vol.Flow c n v mc nh l barrel/day; s thay i n
v ca Liq.Vol.Flow thnh n v USGPM.
113
Hnh 4.34. Session Preference - Variables tab - Units page
Preference file c tn mc nh l UNISIM.prf. Khi thay i cc

thng s ca Preferences, c th lu li nhng thay i ny trong file mi,
bng cch bm vo phm Save Preference Set bn tri pha di giao
din thuc tnh ca Session Preferences. UNISIM s nhc nh khai bo
tn cho Preference file mi, khi cn n c th m li file ny cho case
m phng mi no , bng cch bm vo phm Load Preference Set bn
phi pha di giao din thuc tnh ca Session Preferences
Bm vo phm Clone. S sut hin mt h n v o mi c tn l
NewUser trong danh sch Available Unit Sets.
Trong Unit Set Name, thay i tn thnh Field-USGPM. C th thay
i cc n v o cho cc bin khc trong h n v ca file mi ny.
Tm Liq.Vol.Flow. Bm vo barrel/day bn cnh (hnh 4.35).
m danh sch cc n v o c th, bm vo mui tn i xung, hoc
bm phm nng F2 sau bm vo phm mui tn i xung di
chuyn.
T danh sch chn USGPM.
H n v mi c xc nh. ng ca s giao din thuc tnh ca
Session Preferences.
114
Hnh 4.35. To h n v mi Field-USGPM
4.4.3
Thc hin m phng
1. Thit lp c s m phng.
Trong page
La chn
Property Package
UNIQUAC
Components
Propylene Oxide, Propylene Glycol, H2 O
2. Cung cp h s tng tc bc hai

Cng vic tip theo s thc hin trong Fluid Package l cung cp cc h s
tng tc bc hai.
Bm vo Binary Coeffs tab trong ca s thuc tnh Fluid Package nh
trong hnh 4.36.
Trong nhm Activity Model Interaction Parameters, c bng cc h s
tng tc bc hai mc nh Aij. UNISIM s t ng a ra cc h s tng tc
cho cc cp hai cu t trong thnh phn hn hp t th vin. C th thay i
cc h s m UNISIM cung cp nu ngi s dng c s liu.
Trong trng hp ny, cha bit h s tng tc ca mt cp bc hai l
12C3Oxide/12-C3diol. Trong trng hp ny, s t nhp s liu nu ngi s
dng c s liu, nu khng s s dng theo phng php c tnh ca
UNISIM.
115
Hnh 4.36. Ca s hin th h s tng tc bc hai Aij v Bij
S dng phng php UNIFAC VLE c tnh h s cha bit.

Bm vo phm Unknowns Only. UNISIM cung cp gi tr cc h s
tng tc bc hai cha bit.
Khi hon thnh bng Activity Model Interaction Parameters vi cc gi tr
h s Aij ca cc cp i tng ng s hin th nh hnh 4.37 di y:
Hnh 4.37. H s tng tc bc hai Aij
116
Chuyn sang bng h s tng tc Bij, chn phm B ij. Trong trng hp
ny, tt c cc h s Bij c mc nh bng 0.
3. Thit lp phn ng
Phn ng gia nc v propylene oxide to thnh propylene glycol:
H2O + C 3H6O C3H8O2
Quay tr li Simulation Basis Manager
Bm vo Reactions tab. Trong tab ny cho php thit lp cc phn ng
xy ra trong lu trnh.
Trong danh sch, chn Kinetic Reaction, sau bm vo phm Add
Reaction. Giao din thuc tnh ca Kinetic Reaction xut hin, m
Stoichiometry tab. in thng tin nh hin th trong hnh 4.38. di y.
4.38. Kinetic Reaction Stoichiometry tab
UNISIM s khng cung cp gi tr mc nh ca cc thng s bc ca phn

ng thun Forward Order v bc ca phn ng nghch Reverse Order da trn
h s t lng ca phn ng (reaction stoichiometry). Cc d liu ng hc ca
qu trnh, trong trng hp ny lng nc d, v vy phn ng l bc mt vi
propylen oxit, v bc 0 i vi nc.
Trong Fwd Order v Rev Order, nhp cc gi tr c hin th nh hnh
4.39. Nhp gi tr trong Fwd Order theo H2 O l 0 biu th l d nc.
117
Hnh 4.39. Kinetic Reaction Stoichiometry tab
Trong giao din Kinetic Reaction, chuyn sang Basis tab.

Trong Basis, gi nguyn gi tr mc nh Molar Concn.
Vo Base Component. Theo mc nh, UNISIM chn cu t u
tin c lit k trong danh sch trn Stoichiometry tab l cu t c bn.
Trong trng hp ny Propylene oxide l cu t c bn.
Trong Rxn Phase, chn CombinedLiquid t danh sch th xung.
Hon thnh Basis tab nh trong hnh 4.40.
Hnh 4.40. Kinetic Reaction Basis tab
118
Chuyn sang Parameters tab. Trong giao din ny s khai bo cc thng

s Arrhenius parameters cho phn ng ng hc. Trong trng hp
ny, khng xy ra phn ng nghch (Reverse Reaction), v vy ch phi
khai bo cc thng s cho phn ng thun Forward Reaction
parameters.
Trong Forward Reaction, A nhp gi tr 1.7e13.
Trong Forward Reaction, E (nng lng hot ho), nhp gi tr 3.24e4
(Btu/lbmole). Trn thanh trng thi pha di bn phi ca giao din
Kinetic Reaction s thay i t Not Ready thnh Ready. Nh vy vic
thit lp phn ng hon thnh. Giao din Parameters tab s nh hnh
4.41.
Hnh 4.41. Kinetic Reaction Parameters tab
Bc tip theo l to Reaction Set cha cc phn ng mi. Trong danh

sch cc Reaction Set ca UNISIM cung cp Global Rxn Set bao gm
tt c cc phn ng c xc nh. Trong trng hp ny, ch c duy
nht mt phn ng, nhp Rxn-1 vo Global Rxn Set.
thc hin tnh ton trong flowsheet. Thm Reaction Set vo Fluid
Package. Sau khi thm phn ng vo Fluid Package, bm phm Enter
the Simulation Environment v bt u xy dng m phng.
4. Khi to hai dng nguyn liu
Nhp dng nguyn liu th nht vi cc gi tr nh trong bng sau:
119
Name
Prop Oxide
Temperature
75o F
Pressure
1.1 atm
Molar Flow
150 lbmole/h

12C3Oxide
1.000
Nhp thm dng nguyn liu th hai

Name
Water Feed
Temperature
75o F
Pressure
16.17 psi
Mass Flow
11,000 lb/h

H2 O
1.000
5. Khi to thit b trn hn hp

Mixer, s dng trn hai dng nguyn liu. in cc thng tin nh trong
hnh 4.42.
Hnh 4.42. Kt ni cc dng vi Mixer
120
6. Khi to thit b phn ng

T Object Palette, chn CSTR, v a vo PFD.
t tn thit b phn ng l CSTR, ni vi dng nguyn liu l Mix_Out.
Dng sn phm hi l CSTR Vent, dng sn phm lng l CSTR
Product, dng nng lng l Coolant (hnh 4.43)
Hnh 4.43. Kt ni cc dng vi Reactor
Chuyn sang Details page ca Reactions tab, chn Global Rxn Set.
Hnh 4.44. Lin kt Reaction Set vi Reactor
121
Bc tip theo l khai bo tham s cho thit b phn ng Vessel

Parameters. Trong trng hp ny thit b phn ng c th tch l 280 ft 3 v
in y l 80%.
Chuyn sang Dynamics tab, sau chn Specs page (hnh 4.45).
Trong Model Details group, bm vo Vessel Volume. Nhp gi tr 280
(ft3).
Trong Liq Volume Percent, nhp gi tr 80.
Hnh 4.45. Khai bo cc tham s cho thit b phn ng
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab (hnh 4.46). Ti thi im ny, dng sn phm
v dng nng lng lm mt cha bit bi v thit b phn ng ch c mt bc
t do. Lc ny c th khai bo hoc l nhit dng ra hoc l nng lng lm
lnh.
Thit b phn ng c gi thit lm vic trong iu kin ng nhit, do
nhit dng sn phm ra bng nhit dng nguyn liu vo bng 75o F.
Trong ct CSTR Product, nhp gi tr Temperature l 75oF, nh trong hnh
4.46.
Khng c thay i pha trong thit b phn ng Reactor iu kin ng
nhit, dng sn phm hi CSTR Vent bng 0. Ngoi ra, yu cu nng lng lm
mt c tnh ton biu din qua Heat Flow ca dng tc nhn lnh (Coolant
stream).
Tip theo kim tra chuyn ho trong thit b phn ng ph thuc vo
nhit phn ng. Chuyn sang Reactions tab, sau chn Results page.
chuyn ho s hin th trong bng Reactor Results Summary nh hnh 4.47.
122
Hnh 4.46. Ca s nhp nhit dng sn phm
Hnh 4.47. Kt qu tnh ton chuyn ho ca phn ng
Vi nhit phn ng gi thit l 75oF, chuyn ho ca phn ng

Actual Percent Conversion (Act.% Cnv.) trong thit b phn ng l 44.27%.
Cn phi iu chnh nhit sao cho chuyn ho t 85 95%?
in cc gi tr sau:
Reactor Temperature: ________________________________
Actual Percent Conversion: ____________________________
123
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l CSTR sau bm phm OK.
Hnh 4.48. PFD cng ngh sn xut propylen glycol t propylen oxit v nc
4.4.4 Tnh cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng

S dng tin ch ca UNISIM tnh ton cn bng vt liu v cn bng
nng lng ca tng thit b hoc ton lu trnh. Trnh t thc hin nh sau.
Bm vo phm Tools trn thanh cng c, chn Utilities trong danh sch
th xung, hoc bm phm nng Ctrl+U.
Trong ca s cc tin ch Available Utilities, chn Property Balance Utility,
ri bm vo phm Add Utility, s xut hin giao din nh hnh 4.49.
Hnh 4.49. Giao din Property Balance Utility
124
Bm vo phm Scope Objects s xut hin giao din nh trong hnh 4.50.
Chn thit b (UniOps) hoc ton b lu trnh cng ngh (FlowSheetWide)
tnh cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng.
Hnh 4.50. Giao din la chn i tng tnh cn bng vt cht

v cn bng nng lng
Bm phm Accept List, tr v giao din tnh cn bng, chn Insert

Variable add bin Mass Flow
Hnh 4.51. Chn bin Mass Flow
125
Tr v giao din tnh cn bng, chn Insert Formula, trong ct Variable

Type chn Mass Flow
Hnh 4.52. Insert Fomula
xem kt qu bm nt chn Balance Results, sau chn tab Material

Balance hin th kt qu tnh cn bng vt liu ca ton b lu trnh
(hnh 4.53).
Hnh 4.53. Kt qu tnh cn bng vt cht cho ton b lu trnh
126
Chn tab Energy Balance hin th kt qu tnh cn bng nng lng

ca ton b lu trnh (hnh 4.54).
Hnh 4.54. Kt qu tnh cn bng nng lng cho ton b lu trnh
4.4.5 Tm tt v n tp
Thc hin xy dng lu trnh PFD m phng cng ngh sn xut
propylen glycol. Propylen oxit phn ng vi nc to thnh propylen glycol
trong thit b phn ng loi thng c khuy lin tc (CSTR).
Propylen oxit v nc c trn trong Mixer. Hn hp sau khi trn c
a vo thit b phn ng khuy lin tc, trong iu kin p sut kh quyn
propylen glycol c to thnh.
Thc hin tnh cn bng vt cht v cn bng nng lng ca ton b lu
trnh vi cng c Property Balance Utility.
4.5
Thit b phn ng dng y (PFR)
S dng m hnh thit b phn ng dng y trong UNISIM m phng

thit b phn ng dng ng hoc ng chm, loi thit b phn ng ph bin
trong cng ngh ho hc v ho du.
127
4.5.1 Bi ton
Dng aceton c nhit 761,85 oC, p sut 162 kPa, lu lng 137,9
kmol/h. Phn ng cracking pha hi aceton thnh keten v metan xy ra trong
thit b phn ng PFR:
CH3COCH3
CH2CO + CH4
Phng trnh ng hc ca phn ng:

34222
k 8.2 1014 exp
Trong : k - hng s tc phn ng, sec -1;

T - nhit , K.
Phng trnh ng hc tng qut c dng k = Aexp(-E/RT).
C th nhn thy rng, trong trng hp ny E/R = 34222 (th nguyn l
nhit Kenvin, K). Do E = 34222 R.
Trong h n v SI, gi tr hng s kh l tng R = 8,31 kJ/kmol.
T ta c:
E = 34222 x 8,31 = 2,85 x 105 kJ/kmol
4.5.2 Thc hin m phng
Trong trang
Property Package
Components
Chn
PRSV
Acetone, Methane v Ketene
2. Thit lp phn ng
Bm vo Reactions tab. Trong tab ny cho php thit lp cc phn ng
xy ra trong lu trnh.
Trong danh sch, chn Kinetic Reaction, sau bm vo phm Add
Reaction. Giao din thuc tnh ca Kinetic Reaction xut hin, m
Stoichiometry tab. in h s t lng theo phng trnh phn ng.
Lu cc cu t bn v tri phng trnh phn ng (cc cht phn
ng), h s mang du m, cc cu t bn v phi phng trnh phn ng
(sn phm phn ng) c h s mang du dng.
128
Vi phn ng Kinetic, phi nhp thng s bc ca phn ng thun v

nghch, nu khng nhp UNISIM mc nh bng 0.
Trong giao din Kinetic Reaction, chuyn sang Basis tab. Trong Basis,
gi nguyn gi tr mc nh Molar Concn. Vo Base Component.
Theo mc nh, UNISIM chn cu t u tin c lit k trong danh
sch trn Stoichiometry tab l cu t c bn. Trong trng hp ny
Acetone l cu t c bn.
Trong Rxn Phase, chn Vapour Phase t danh sch th xung. Hon
thnh Basis tab nh trong hnh 4.55.
Chuyn sang Parameters tab. Trong giao din ny s khai bo cc thng s
Arrhenius Parameters cho phn ng ng hc. Trong trng hp ny,
khng xy ra phn ng nghch (Reverse Reaction), v vy ch phi khai
bo cc thng s cho phn ng thun Forward Reaction Parameters.
Hnh 4.55. Kinetic Reaction Basis tab
Trong Forward Reaction, A nhp gi tr 8.2e+14.

Trong Forward Reaction, E (nng lng hot ho), nhp gi tr
2.85e+5 (kJ/kgmole). Trn thanh trng thi pha di bn phi ca giao
din Kinetic Reaction s thay i t Not Ready thnh Ready. Nh vy
vic thit lp phn ng hon thnh. Giao din Parameters tab s nh
hnh 4.56.
129
Hnh 4.56. Kinetic Reaction Parameters tab
Bc tip theo l to Reaction Set cha cc phn ng mi. Trong danh

sch cc Reaction Set ca UNISIM cung cp Global Rxn Set bao gm
tt c cc phn ng c xc nh. Trong trng hp ny, ch c duy
nht mt phn ng, nhp Rxn-1 vo Global Rxn Set.
thc hin tnh ton trong flowsheet. Bm phm Add Set to Fluid
Package. Sau khi thm phn ng vo Fluid Package, bm phm Enter
the Simulation Environment v bt u xy dng m phng.
Thit lp dng nguyn liu Feed, vi cc tham s nh trong bng di y:
Trong
Name
Temperature
Pressure
Molar Flow
Nhp thng tin

Feed
761.85o C
162 kPa
137.900 kgmole/h

Acetone
Ketene
Methane
1.0000
0
0
130
4. Khi to thit b phn ng PFR

S dng mt trong cc cch sau to lp thit b trong UNISIM:
S dng menu chnh, chn Flowsheet, trong danh sch th xung
chn Add Operation hoc bm phm F12. Giao din cc thit b m
phng UnitOps s xut hin. La chn thit b cn thit.
M Workbook, vo UnitOps page, bm phm Add UnitOp. Giao
din cc thit b m phng UnitOps s xut hin. La chn thit b
cn thit.
S dng Object Palette: t Flowsheet menu, chn Open, hoc bm
phm F4. Nhp p vo biu tng thit b cn s dng.
S dng phm phi chut bm vo biu tng thit b cn s dng
t Object Palette v a vo PFD.
t tn thit b phn ng l PFR Reactor, ni vi dng nguyn liu l
Feed. Dng sn phm l Product.
Bc tip theo l khai bo tham s cho thit b phn ng. Trong
Parameter page ca Design tab, nhp gi tr Pressure Drop l 0 kPa.
Tip theo vo Heat Transfer chn Direct Q Value khai bo Duty bng 0
kJ/hr, iu c ngha thit b phn ng lm vic iu kin on nhit.
Chuyn sang Rating tab, in cc s liu kch thc ca thit b phn ng:
th tch thit b phn ng l 1.271 m3, chiu di 2.28 m, s ng l 1000.
ng knh ng v chiu dy thnh thit b s c tnh ton (hnh 4.57).
Hnh 4.57. Khai bo cc tham s cho thit b phn ng
131
Trong Overall page ca Reaction tab, chn Global Rxn Set cho thit b
phn ng PFR. Ngay lp tc PFR Reactor thc hin tnh ton phn ng.
Hnh 4.58. La chn Reaction Set cho Reactor PFR
Tip theo kim tra chuyn ho trong thit b phn ng. Chuyn sang
chn Results page ca Reactions tab. chuyn ho s hin th nh hnh 4.59.
Trong trng hp ny, chuyn ho ca phn ng t 18,9%.
Hnh 4.59. Kt qu tnh ton chuyn ho ca phn ng
132
Chuyn sang Worksheet tab, s c cc thng s ca dng sn phm phn

ng nh trong hnh 4.60.
Hnh 4.60.Cc thng s ca dng sn phm phn ng
in cc gi tr sau:
Product Temperature: ________________________________
Actual Percent Conversion: ____________________________
Chuyn sang Composition page ca Worksheet tab, phn tch thnh phn
ca dng sn phm Product, in kt qu vo bng di y.
Lu lng khi lng ca cc cu t bng bao nhiu?
Acetone: ________________
Ketene: _________________
Methane: ________________
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l PFR sau bm phm OK.
133
Hnh 4.61. Lu trnh vi Reactor PFR
4.5.3
Quan st bin thin cc i lng dc theo ng phn ng
S dng Performance tab, bm phm Plot, s hin th ng cong bin

thin nhit dc theo ng phn ng nh trong hnh 4.62. C th la chn cc
bin khc (pressure, enthalpy, entropy, duty, vapour fraction) hin th bng
cch bm vo phm chn trong nhm Type bn tri.
C th la chn bt k trong s cc page ca Performance tab (Conditions,
Flow, Rxn Rates, Transport hoc Compositions) hin th cc s liu tnh ton
khc nhau, tu theo yu cu ca ngi s dng, di dng bng (hnh 4.63), c
th bm vo phm Plot gc pha di bn tri hin th dng th.
Hnh 4.62. Bin thin nhit dc theo ng phn ng
134
Hnh 4.63. Giao din Performance tab vi cc page
4.5.4 Tm tt v n tp
Thc hin xy dng lu trnh PFD m phng qu trnh cracking pha hi
aceton thnh keten v metan bng m hnh thit b PFR. Phn ng cracking pha
hi aceton xy ra trong thit b phn ng dng y (PFR). Thit b phn ng
loi ng chm c 1000 ng, lm vic iu kin on nhit.
Quan st bin thin cc i lng dc theo chiu di thit b phn ng PFR
hin th di dng bng hoc th vi giao din Performance tab.
135
Chng 5. CC CNG C TNH TON
Ni dung
Trong chng ny gii quyt vn s dng cc cng c tnh ton trong
UNISIM. Nh rng y ch l cc cng c tnh ton m khng phi l cc thit
b trong lu trnh cng ngh.
Lm quen vi cc cng c logical trong UNISIM thc hin tnh ton.
Hc cch tnh ton cc thng s c bn ca thp chng luyn bng cng
c Shorcut Distilation.
Phn chia dng cc cu t bng Component Splitter.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc xong chng ny ngi s dng c th:
S dng cc cng c logical ph hp trong tnh ton.
Tnh ton cc thng s c bn ca thp chng luyn.
Xc nh dng cu t sau Component Splitter.
Yu cu
Thc hin iu chnh PFD.
Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook .
Khi to v ni cc dng vo thit b trong PFD.
136
5.1
Cng c logic Adjust
5.1.1
Chc nng ca Adjust
Cng c Adjust khi a vo lu trnh s lm thay i gi tr ca mt bin

qu trnh (c coi l bin c lp) ph hp vi gi tr xc nh ca bin
mc tiu (c coi l bin ph thuc) trong mt dng khc hoc mt thit b
khc. Cng c Adjust s t ng thc hin cc vng lp trong qu trnh tnh
ton. Bin c lp phi c xc nh t ban u.
Adjust c th thc hin cc chc nng:
Hiu chnh bin c lp cho n khi bin ph thuc tha mn gi tr mc
tiu.
Hiu chnh bin c lp cho n khi bin ph thuc bng gi tr ca mt
bin tng t cho i tng khc, cng thm lch cho php.
C th thit lp cng c Adjust theo mt trong hai cch sau:
Chn Add Operation t Flowsheet Menu, v chn Adjust.
Chn biu tng Adjust trong Object Palette.
5.1.2
Bi ton ng dng Adjust
Mt ng dng n gin ca Adjust s dng thut ton Secant. Dng

nguyn liu Feed a vo thp tch (V-100), hai dng sn phm ra l SepLiq
v SepVap. Adjust s c s dng iu chnh nhit ca dng nguyn
liu Feed cho n khi lu lng ca dng lng SepLiq t gi tr yu cu l
100 lbmole/hr.
M Case mi vi h nhit ng Peng Robinson
Nhp cc cu t sau: Methane, Ethane, Propane, i-Butane, n-Butane,
i-Pentane, n-Pentane, n-Hexane, n-Heptane v n-Octane.
Thit lp dng nguyn liu Feed, vi cc tham s c cho trong bng
di y.
137
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin
Temperature
60o F
Pressure
600 psi
Molar Flow
144 lbmole/hr
Methane
Mole Fraction
0.4861
Ethane
Mole Fraction
0.1389
Propane
Mole Fraction
0.0694
i-Butane
Mole Fraction
0.0625
n-Butane
Mole Fraction
0.0556
i-Pentane
Mole Fraction
0.0486
n-Pentane Mole Fraction
0.0417
n-Hexane
Mole Fraction
0.0486
n-Heptane Mole Fraction
0.0278
n-Octane
0.0208
Mole Fraction
Khi to thit b tch V-100, giao din Connections page ca Design tab
nh trong hnh 5.1 di y:
Hnh 5.1. Giao din thuc tnh ca thp tch V-100
138
Khi to Adjust bng cch chn Add Operation t Flowsheet menu, tip
theo chn Adjust. Nhp cc thng tin cho Connections page v Parameters
page ca Design tab nh bng di:
Trong ny
Design tab [Connections page]
Adjusted Variable
Target Variable
Spec. Target Variable
Design tab [Parameters]
Method
Tolerance
Step Size
Maximum Interations
Nhp thng tin

Feed Temperature
SepLiq Molar Flow
100 lbmole/hr
Secant
1 lbmole/hr
20o F
10
Ch rng gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca bin c lp khng c nhp

vo. Bm phm Start, UNISIM bt u qu trnh tnh ton. Monitor tab s hin
th cc gi tr ca bin c lp v bin ph thuc trong qu trnh tnh ton cc
vng lp. Qu trnh lp c th hin nh hnh 5.2.
Hnh 5.2. Giao din thuc tnh ca Adjust hin th s vng lp
139
Adjust thc hin tnh ton t n gi tr lu lng dng yu cu trong 7

vng lp. Cc thng s mi ca dng Feed s c hin th nh trong bng sau:
Name
Feed
Vapour Fraction
0.3064
Temperature [F]
-16.68
Pressure [psi]
600
Molar Flow [lbmole/hr]
144
Mass Flow [lb/hr]
5438
Liq Vol Flow [barrel/day]
788.6
Heat Flow [Btu/hr]
-7.321e+06
Nhit ca nguyn liu Feed hin th gi tr hi t l -16.68oF. Gi tr

lc u xc nh l 60oF. Adjust tnh ton nghim hi t cho bin c lp
tho mn yu cu ca bin mc tiu cn phi t c lu lng dng lng
SepLiq ra khi thp tch pha l 100 lbmole/hr.
5.2
Cng c logic Set
5.2.1 Chc nng ca Set

Set l mt cng c tnh ton c s dng thit lp gi tr cho mt bin
qu trnh (Process Variable PV) trong mi lin quan n mt bin khc. Quan
h gia hai bin ging nhau, v d, nhit ca hai dng, hoc UA ca hai thit
b trao i nhit. Cng c ny c s dng trong c m phng ng v m
phng tnh.
Bin ph thuc, cn gi l bin mc tiu (target), c xc nh theo bin
c lp, cn gi l bin ngun (source), theo biu thc tuyn tnh sau:
Y = MX + B
Trong : Y - Bin ph thuc (target);
X - Bin c lp (source);
M - H s nhn;
B - lch.
thit lp Set, chn Add Operation t Flowsheet menu, v chn Set.
Ngoi ra, c th chn phm Set trong Object Palette.
140
5.2.2 Bi ton ng dng Set

Dng nguyn liu a vo Reactor s c thit lp h s t lng hp
thc bng cch s dng Set.
H nhit ng s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson.
Nhp bn cu t: CO, Hydrogen, Methane v H2 O.
M phng phn ng metan ho sau y:
CO + 3 H2
CH4 + H2O
Khi to phn ng Conversion v in cc h s t lng ca phn ng

nh trong giao din hnh 5.3.
Hnh 5.3. Giao din Conversion Reaction Stoichiometry tab
Trong Basis tab ca giao din Conversion Reaction nhp Base Component
l CO, v Conversion l 80% (hnh 5.4).
Thit lp Reaction Set, v gn Conversion Reaction vo Reaction Set.
Tip theo gn Rxn Set vo Fluid Package (bm vo phm Add to PF). Vo mi
trng m phng.
141
Hnh 5.4. Giao din Conversion Reaction Basis tab
Hai dng nguyn liu vo Reator, mt dng l CO tinh khit, mt dng l

H2 tinh khit. Cc dng nguyn liu c cc thng s nh trong bng di y.
STREAMS
Name
CO Feed
H2 Feed
Vapour Fraction
Temperature [C]
550
055
Pressure [kPa]
1000
1000
100
<empty>
Comp Mole Fraction CO
Comp Mole Fraction H2
Comp Mole Fraction H2O
Comp Mole Fraction Methane
142
Thit lp Separator vi cc thng tin sau:

SEPARATOR [SEP-100]
Tab [Page]
Worksheet [Conditions]
Design [Parameters]
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin
Inlets
CO Feed, H2 Feed
Vapour Outlet
Product
Liquid Outlet
Liquid
Pressure Drop
0 kPa
M giao din thuc tnh thp tch pha. Trn Reaction tab nhp Reaction
Set c Conversion Reaction thit lp trn. Thp tch pha trong trng hp
ny c s dng nh mt thit b phn ng chuyn ho.
By gi s dng Set t lu lng dng H2 c t l vi dng CO theo
h s t lng, nh trong hnh 5.5.
Hnh 5.5. Giao din Set Connections tab v Parameters tab
UNISIM s tnh ton. Kt qu tnh ton c hin th trong Worksheet.

Cng c Set rt c ch khi ng dng cho nhng vn phc tp. V d,
trong Flowsheet c cc dng n Reactor c tun hon, Set c th m bo
chc chn rng t l gia lu lng cc dng lun lun theo ng h s t
lng theo phng trnh phn ng.
143
5.3
Cng c logic Recycle
5.3.1
Chc nng ca Recycle
Tun hon nhit c th c tnh ton khng cn s dng cng c Recycle.

Nhng vi bi ton tun hon vt liu, trong dng vt liu i ra c tun
hon tr v trn ln vi dng nguyn liu ban u, cn phi s dng cng c
Recycle tnh ton. Recycle l mt cng c tnh ton, khng phi l thit b.
ci t Recycle vo trong Flowsheet, chn Add Operation t Flowsheet
menu, v chn Recycle. Ngoi ra, c th chn phm biu tng Recycle trong
bng chn (Object Palette).
5.3.2
Bi ton ng dng Recycle
Dng nguyn liu hai pha Feed c trn vi dng tun hon Recycle v
i vo thp tch pha V-100. Hi t thp tch V-100 c gin n trong tuc bin
gin n kh E-100 v sau li a vo thp tch pha V-101. Mt na cht
lng t thp tch V-101 i vo bm P-100 tun hon li v trn vi dng
nguyn liu mi ti u vo. Lu trnh chung th hin trong hnh 15.6.
Hnh 5.6. Lu trnh c s dng Recycle
H nhit ng s dng phng trnh trng thi Peng-Robinson. Cc iu

kin v thnh phn ca dng Feed c a ra trong cc bng sau.
144
Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]
Worksheet
[Compositions]
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin
Temperature
60o F
Pressure
600 psi
Molar Flow
1 MMSCFH
Nitrogen
Mole Fraction
0.0069
CO2
Mole Fraction
0.0138
Methane
Mole Fraction
Ethane
Mole Fraction
Propane
Mole Fraction
0.4827
0.1379
0.0690
i-Butane
Mole Fraction
n-Butane
Mole Fraction
i-Pentane
Mole Fraction
n-Pentane Mole Fraction

n-Hexane
Mole Fraction
0.0621
0.0552
0.0483
0.0414
0.0345
n-Heptane Mole Fraction
0.0276
n-Octane
0.0206
Mole Fraction
Ln lt khi to cc thit b sau:

Tab [Page]
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin
Inlet
Feed
Vapour Outlet
V-100 Vap
Liquid Outlet
V-100 Liq
Pressure Drop
0 psi
Inlet
V-100 Vap
Outlet
V-101 Feed
Energy
K-100 Duty
V-101 Feed Pressure
300 psi
SEPARATOR [V-100]
Design [Connections]
Design [Parameters]
EXPANDER [K-100]
145
Tab [Page]
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin
Inlet
V-101 Feed
Vapour Outlet
V-101 Vap
Liquid Outlet
V-101 Liq
Pressure Drop
1.45 psi
Inlet
V-101 Liq
Outlets
TEE-100 Prod
SEPARATOR [V-101]
Design [Parameters]
TEE [TEE-100]
P-100 Feed
Design [Parameters]
Flow Ratio
0.5
Inlet
P-100 Feed
Product
P-100 Out
Energy
P-100 Duty
Design [Parameters]
Efficiency
75%
P-100 Out Pressure
600 psi
PUMP [P-100]
Khi to dng Recycle t dng P-100 Out bng cch chn phm Define
from other Stream bn di ca giao din thuc tnh ca dng. T hp danh
sch Available Streams trn giao din Spec Stream As chn dng P-100 Out.
Lin kt dng Recycle ny vo thp tch pha V-100. Ton b lu trnh chnh
hon thnh. By gi s khi to cng c Recycle tnh ton dng tun hon
tr li thp tch pha ny.
RECYCLE [RCY-1]
Tab [Page]
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin
Feed
P-100 Out
Product
Recycle
Cc thng s gi nguyn tt c cc gi tr mc nh. UNISIM s thc hin

tnh ton, v Recycle s hi t mt cch nhanh chng.
146
5.4
Tnh ton thng s thp chng bng Shortcut Distillation
5.4.1
Chc nng ca Shortcut Distillation
Shortcut Distillation (Shortcut Column) thc hin tnh ton cc thng s

c bn ca thp chng luyn c hi lu theo Fenske-Underwood. Cng c
Shortcut Distillation tnh s a l thuyt ti thiu Fenske v ch s hi lu nh
nht Underwood, v tr a nhp liu ti u.
Shortcut Distillation ch dng c tnh cc thng s ca thp chng c
hi lu. c kt qu ph hp vi thc t cn phi tnh ton bng Column.
Bm phm F12 v chn Shortcut Distillation t Unit Ops View khi to
Shortcut Distillation hoc chn Shortcut Distillation trong Object Palette.
5.4.2
Bi ton s dng Shortcut Distillation
Xy dng Shortcut Distillation tnh ton cc tham s c bn cho thp tch

propan c dng nguyn liu vo thp Feed vi thnh phn v cc tham s dng
c cho di y.
M New Case:
Fluid Package: Peng Robinson
Components C2, C3, i-C4, n-C4, i-C5, n-C5, C6
To dng nguyn liu vi cc tham s sau:
MATERIAL STREAM [Feed]
Tab [Page]
Worksheet
[Conditions]
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Temperature [F]
207.37
Pressure [psia]
100.0000
1271.5190
Ethane Mole Frac
0.0148
Propane Mole Frac
0.7315
i-Butane Mole Frac
0.0681
n-Butane Mole Frac
0.1462
i-Pentane Mole Frac
0.0173
n-Pentane Mole Frac
0.0150
n-Hexane Mole Frac
0.0071
Khi to Shortcut Distillation. Ti Connections page ca Design tab, in

cc thng tin vo cc v tr tng ng.
147
SHORTCUT COLUMN [Depropanizer]

Tab [Page]
Design
[Connections]
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Feed
Feed
Distillate
Distillate
Bottoms
Bottoms
Condenser Duty
Cond Q
Reboiler Duty
Reb Q
Top Product Phase
Liquid
Nhp cc thng tin sau trn Parameters page ca Design tab:

SHORTCUT COLUMN [Depropanizer]
Tab [Page]
Design
[Parameters]
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Light Key in Bottom
Component - Propane
Mole Fraction - 0.025
Heavy Key in
Distillate
Component - i-Butane
Mole Fraction -0.020
Condenser Pressure
100 psia
Reboiler Pressure
103 psia
External Reflux Ratio
1.5
Hon thnh m phng nhn c cc s liu th hin trn hnh 5.7
Hnh 5.7. Lu trnh Shortcut Distillation
148
UNISIM s t ng tnh ton gi tr Minimum Reflux Ratio l 0.985 nh

trn hnh 5.8.
Hnh 5.8. Kt qu tnh ch s hi lu ti thiu
Vi gi tr Reflux Ratio nhp vo ban u l 1.5 cc kt qu tnh ton nhn

c s hin th trn Performance tab (hnh 5.9):
Hnh 5.9. Kt qu tnh cc thng s cho thp chng
149
5.5
Phn chia dng cc cu t bng Component Splitter
5.5.1
Chc nng ca Component Splitter
Dng nguyn liu vo c Component Splitter chia lm hai dng ring

bit da trn nhng thng s c khai bo ban u. y l cng c tnh ton
cc qu trnh phn chia c bit v khng tiu chun, ch c trong UNISIM.
Khi to Component Splitter bng mt trong hai cch sau:
Bm phm F12 v chn Component Splitter t Unit Ops view
Hoc chn biu tng Component Splitter trn Object Palette.
Component Splitter tnh ton da trn c s cn bng vt liu vi mi cu t:
fi = ai + bi
Trong : fi - Lng mol cu t i trong dng nguyn liu;
ai - Lng mol cu t i trong sn phm nh;
bi - Lng mol cu t i trong sn phm y.
Lng mol cu t trong dng sn phm nh v y c tnh ton theo cc
biu thc sau:
ai = xifi
bi = (1-xi)fi
Trong : xi - Phn cu t i trong sn phm nh.
Tng cu t, phn on hi v p sut dng ra khi thit b bit, cn
P-VF ca cc dng tch c tnh ton theo gi tr nhit v nhit lng ca
cc dng.
Cn bng nhit lng tng cng trong Component Splitter c tnh ton
theo biu thc sau:
h E = h F h O hB
Trong : hE - Enthalpy ca dng nng lng cha bit gi tr
hF - Enthalpy ca dng nguyn liu
hO - Enthalpy ca sn phm nh
hB - Enthalpy ca sn phm y.
5.5.2 Bi ton s dng Component Splitter
Dng 1 l dng nguyn liu; dng 2 l dng
sn phm nh, v dng 3 l dng sn phm y.
Dng nng lng l Q-100.
M New Case:
Fluid Package: Peng Robinson
Components: Ethane, Propane, i-Butane,
n-Butane, i-Pentane, n-Pentane, n-Hexane
150
Hnh 5.10. Component Splitter
Dng 1 l dng nguyn liu c cc thng s sau:

MATERIAL STREAM [1]
Tab [Page]
Trong ny
Temperature [F]
Pressure [psia]
Ethane Mole Frac
Propane Mole Frac
Worksheet
[Conditions]
i-Butane Mole Frac
n-Butane Mole Frac
i-Pentane Mole Frac
n-Pentane Mole Frac
n-Hexane Mole Frac
Nhp thng tin

200.0000
500.0000
1000.0000
0.0148
0.7315
0.0681
0.1462
0.0173
0.0150
0.0071
Khi to Component Splitter. Nhp cc thng tin sau:

COMPONENT SPLITTER [X-100]
Tab [Page]
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Feeds
1
Overhead Product
2
Design
[Connections]
Bottoms Product
3
Energy Streams
Q-100
COMPONENT SPLITTER [X-100]
Tab [Page]
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Overhead Pressure [psia]
100
Ovehead Vapour Fraction
1
Design
[Parameters]
Bottoms Pressure [psia]
103
Bottoms Vapour Fraction
0
Ethane
1
Propane
0.98
i-Butane
0.01
Design
n-Butane
0.01
[Split-2]
i-Pentane
0.1
n-Pentane
0
n-Hexane
0
151
Cc thng s ca cc dng nguyn liu v sn phm c th xem trong

Worksheet tab ca Component Splitter. Conditions page nh trong hnh 5.11.
Hnh 5.11. Component Splitter Worksheet tab Conditions page
T cc thng tin trn Composition page (hnh 5.12), cc phn on sn

phm nh c th c kim tra bng cch so snh phn mol cc cu t trong
dng sn phm.
V d phn on propan nh l:
Propane Overhead Fraction= a3 = x3 f3 = 731.50 x 0.977 = 714.68
Hnh 5.12. Component Splitter Worksheet tab Compositions page
152
5.6
Bng tnh (Spreadsheet)
Cc cng thc ton hc phc tp c th c thit lp, s dng trong

Spreadsheets: cc hm i s, logarit, lng gic, cc biu thc logic. S dng
cc hm s ca Spreadsheet m hnh ho Flowsheet tnh ton cc bin ca
qu trnh.
Vi kh nng truy cp vo tt c cc bin qu trnh, vic tnh ton c
thc hin t ng, cc ca Spreadsheet s c cp nht s liu khi cc bin
ca Flowsheet thay i. V vy Spreadsheet l cng c rt mnh v c rt nhiu
ng dng trong UNISIM.
Spreadsheet trong UNISIM bao gm cc hm ton hc v logic ph bin.
xem cc hm v cc biu thc c trong Spreadsheet, chn phm Function
Help. Ch rng ca s ny c ba tab: Mathematical Expressions, Logical
Expressions v Mathematical Functions.
Tt c cc hm phi c bt u bng + (vi hm ton hc) hoc @
(vi cc hm c bit nh cc hm logarit, hm lng gic, hm logic,). V
d nh +A4/B5 v @ABS (A4-B5).
5.6.1
Chc nng ca Spreadsheet
1. Cc hm ton hc thng thng

Spreadsheet c cc hm ton hc sau:
Cc hm s
Cch s dng
Php cng (Addition)
Dng du +
Php tr (Substraction)
Dng du -
Php nhn (Multiplication)
Dng du *
Php chia (Division)
Dng du /
Gi tr tuyt i (Absolute Value)
@Abs
Hm luy tha (Power)
Dng du ^
Cn bc hai (Square Root)
@SQRT hoc @RT
Pi
+pi
Giai tha (Factorial)
153
Th t thc hin cc php tnh nh thng thng (trong ngoc trc, ngoi
ngc sau, hm mu, nhn v chia trc, cng v tr sau).
V d php tnh:
+6+4/2 = 8
Php chia thc hin trc php cng.
Nhng nu nh c ngoc n th php tnh trong ngoc thc hin trc ri
mi n php chia:
+(6+4)/2 = 5
2. Cc hm logarit
logarit t nhin (ln)
@ln
logarit c s 10 (log)
@log
Hm mu (Exponential)
@exp
Hm Hyperbol (Hypebolic)
@sinh, @cosh, @tanh
3. Cc hm lng gic
Tt c cc hm lng gic u c thc hin trong Spreadsheet, bao gm
c hm lng gic ngc v hm hyperbol.
Cc hm lng gic
Cch s dng
Hm chun (Standard)
@sin, @cos, @tan
Hm ngc (Inverse)
@asin, @acos, @atan
Hm lng gic c th tnh ton bng n v Radian, Degree hoc Grad,

bng cch chn n v ph hp t danh sch Angle in th xung trong nhm
Current Cell.
Ch l du ngoc n l bt buc vi tt c cc hm logarit v hm lng
gic. Khng phn bit ch in hay ch thng trong cc hm.
V d:
@log(1000) = 3
@cos(pi) = 1
154
4. Cc ton t Logic (Logical Operations)

Spreadsheet h tr Boolean logic. V d, gi s A1 c gi tr 5, A2 c
gi tr 10. Cn A3 nhp cng thc (+A1<A2)
Spreadsheet s tr v gi tr l 1 cho A3, khi trng thi l ng (A1 nh
hn A2). Nu gi tr hoc l A1 hoc l A2 thay i sao cho trng thi l
sai, A3 s nhn gi tr 0.
C th s dng cc ton t Boolean sau:
Bng (Equal to)
==
Khng bng (Not Equal to)
!=
Ln hn (Greater than)
>
Nh hn (Less than)
<
Ln hn hoc bng (Greater than or Equal to)
>=
Nh hn hoc bng (Less than or Equal to)
<=
5. Cc cu lnh IF/THEN/ELSE
Cu trc chung ca cu lnh ny l:
@if (iu kin) then (if true) else (if false)
iu kin l cc biu thc logical, nh B1==15.
V d, gi s A3 c s 6. Cu lnh:
@if (A3>10) then (10) else (A3/2)
Kt qu gi tr l s 3 s hin th trong tng ng:
Lun lun phi c ELSE trong cu lnh. Du ngoc n l bt buc cho cu
lnh ny.
5.6.2
Bi ton
S dng Spreadsheet tnh ton ch s Reynold cho dng nc chy

trong ng. Dng nc c nhit 30 o C v p sut 101,325 kPa. Lu lng
dng l 400 kg/h.
Ch s Reynold c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Re
du
155
trong :
d - ng knh ng
u - vn tc dng lu th trong ng
- t trng ca cht lng
- nht ca cht lng
5.6.3
Thc hin m phng
Trong trang
Chn
Property Package
PR
Components
H2 O
2. Thit lp dng nc
Khai bo cc tham s ca dng Feed nh trong bng sau:
Tab [page]
Trong ny
Nhp gi tr
Temperarure
30 o C
Pressure
101.325 kPa
Mass Flow
400 kg/h
H2 O Mol Frac
Worksheet [Compositions]
3. Thit lp Spreadsheet
C hai cch thit lp Spreadsheet:

Chn Add Operation t Flowsheet menu, sau chn Spreadsheet.
Hoc c th chn biu tng Spreadsheet t Object Palette.
Nhp p m bng tnh Spreadsheet, i tn mc nh SPRDSHT-1
thnh Reynold. Giao din Spreadsheet nh trong hnh 5.13 di y.
156
Hnh 5.13. Giao din Spreadsheet
Chuyn sang tab Spreadsheet nhp s liu v cc cng thc tnh.

4. Thc hin tnh ton trong Spreadsheet
Nhp ng knh ng dn
Trong A1 l tn i lng Diameter. ng knh ng dn l 2 cm. Trong
B1, ghi gi tr 0.02.
Chn n v bng cch a con tr chut vo B1, chn Length t danh
sch Variable Type th xung (hnh 5.14). Trong trng hp ny h n v l
SI, do n v mc nh ca chiu di l met.
Nhp cng thc tnh din tch ng dn
Din tch ng dn c tnh theo cng thc sau:
d 2
4
Nhp cng thc vo D1, theo ng cc quy tc a ra phn trn:

+0.25*pi*b1^2
157
Kt qu tnh ton ca cng thc ny (0.000314159 m2 ) s hin th trong

D1. Lm tng t nh trn hin th n v tnh din tch.
ng knh hin th ch s mu xanh c ngha l gi tr c khai bo.
Din tch hin th mu , ngha l gi tr tnh t cng thc.
Hnh 5.14 .Chn n v chiu di
Nhp lu lng dng lu th chy trong ng

Thc hin nhp gi tr lu lng dng t dng Feed trong lu trnh PFD.
C hai cch Import t PFD:
- Drag t giao din dng Feed vo Spreadsheet.
- Import s dng Navigator. Bm phm Add Import trn Connections tab,
hoc bm phm phi chut vo B2 v chn Import Variable.
Khi nhp xong lu lng dng, gi tr s hin th trong B2. Trong
nhm Curent Cell, UNISIM s ch r bin ny l Mass Flow v c
Imported t dng Feed. Lu lng dng hin th ch s mu en c ngha l
gi tr c nhp t lu trnh vo B2.
158
Nhp t trng dng lu th

Thc hin nhp gi tr t trng dng nc. Import Density vo B3 tng
t nh Import Mass Flow. T trng ph thuc vo cc tham s ca dng (nhit
v p sut) v do khng phi l gi tr c khai bo ban u. Gi tr ny
c hin th bng cc ch s mu en, s khng c thay i.
Nhp cng thc tnh vn tc dng lu th
Vn tc dng lu th chy trong ng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
u = m / (A)
trong : m - lu lng dng theo khi lng;
- t trng;
A - din tch thit din ng.
Nhp cng thc tnh sau y vo B4:
+(B2/3600)/(B3*D1)
Cn phi chia lu lng dng cho 3600 i n v o thi gian t gi
sang giy.
Nhp nht dng lu th
Gi tr nht ca dng lu th c nhp vo Spreadsheet t lu trnh
PFD. Thc hin Import gi tr Viscosity t Feed vo B5, tng t nh nhp
lu lng dng trn. Viscosity l gi tr tnh ton (ch s c mu en) khng
th thay i c.
Nhp cng thc tnh ch s Reynold
Ch s Reynold ca dng lu th c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Re
du
Nhp cng thc tnh ch s Reynold vo B7:

+(B1*B4*B3)/(B5/1000)
Trong trng hp ny phi chia cho 1000 chuyn i n v tnh cho
ph hp.
159
Ch s Reynold bng 8873, c hin th trong B7 (hnh 5.15). Kt qu

tnh ton cho thy rng ch dng chy trong ng l chy ri.
Hnh 5.15. Kt qu tnh ch s Reynold
kim tra cc cng thc tnh nhp vo c th m tab Formula. Trong

bng lit k tn ca cc c cng thc ti ct Cell, cc cng thc ti ct
Formula v kt qu tnh ton ca cng thc ti ct Results (hnh 5.16).
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l Reynold sau bm phm OK.
160
Hnh 5.16. Giao din Spreadsheet Formula tab
5.7
Ti u ho (Optimizer)
Thit k hng i tng ca UNISIM to ra b ti u ha a bin cc k

mnh, c th xc nh cc iu kin vn hnh cho php ti thiu (hoc ti a)
mt hm mc tiu, v d nh ti a li nhun, ti thiu cc h thng ph tr,
hay ti thiu nng lng tiu th,
Optimizer ch thc hin vi cc tnh ton trong m phng tnh, m s khng
hot ng trong m phng ng.
5.7.1 Phng php tnh
1. Cc thut ng c s dng trong Optimizer
- Cc bin c s (Primary Variables)
y l cc bin c nhp t bng tnh m gi tr ca chng c iu
chnh nhm mc ch ti thiu (hoc ti a) hm mc tiu. Phi t cc cn
trn v cn di cho tt c cc bin c s, c s dng thit lp khong
tm kim, cung nh thc hin chun ha.
161
- Hm mc tiu (Objective Function)

y l hm s c ti thiu hay ti a. Cc bin c s c th c nhp
vo v cc hm cung c thit lp trong bng tnh Optimizer, trong c
y cc tnh nng ca bng tnh trong lu trnh cng ngh chnh.
- Cc hm lin kt (Constraint Functions)
Cc ng thc v bt ng thc c th c a vo trong bng tnh
Optimizer. V d c mt ng thc c to ra t hai bin tho mn bt
phng trnh ( -A*B < K).
Cc phng php BOX, Mixed v SQP ph hp cho tnh ton ti thiu cho
cc biu thc bt ng thc. Ch c phng php SQP c th x l cc
biu thc ng thc.
Cc phng php Fletcher-Reeves v Quasi-Newton c th tnh ton ti u
ha vi cc hm khng lin kt.
2. Cc phng php tnh ton trong Optimizer
- Thit lp hm
Optimizer iu khin cc gi tr ca mt b cc bin c s nhm mc ch
ti thiu (hoc ti a) mt hm mc tiu (Objective Function) thit lp, c
xy dng t s bt k cc bin qu trnh.
min f(x1, x2, x3, ..., xn)
Trong : x 1, x2, x3, , xn l cc bin qu trnh.
Mi bin c s x 0, s c iu khin trong mt khong xc nh:
x0 i cn di < x0 i < x0 i cn trn
vi i = 1, , j
Cc lin kt ng thc v bt ng thc chung l:

ci(y1 , y2, y3, ..., yn)= 0,
ci(y1 , y2, y3, ..., yn 0,
ci(y1 , y2, y3, ..., yn 0,
i = 1, ..., m1
vi
i = m1 + 1, ..., m2
i = m2 + 1, ..., m
Cc hm lin kt ni chung khng nn s dng cc bin c s.

Tt c cc bin c s c chun ha t cn di n cn trn. Do , phi
cung cp gi tr cc cn di v cn trn hp l. Nn trnh thay i qu thp
hoc qu cao gi tr cc cn, v chng c th gy ra mt s vn chia t l khi
162
tnh ton. Phi cung cp mt im khi u v phi nm trong khong chp

nhn c.
Nu UNISIM dng tnh ton hm mc tiu hay bt k hm lin kt no,
Optimizer s lm gim bc tng ca bin c s cui cng xung mt na. Lu
trnh cng ngh sau c tnh ton li. Nu vic tnh ton hm vn khng
thnh cng, s ti u ha s b dng.
Theo mc nh, Optimizer thit lp nh nht hm mc tiu. Phm Maximize
trn Functions tab, c th la chn khi cn tnh ton cc i hm mc tiu. Bn
trong Optimizer thc hin i du mt cch n gin.
- Phng php BOX
Phng php BOX l k thut tm kim lin tc gii quyt cc vn vi
cc hm mc tiu phi tuyn, ph thuc vo cc quan h bt ng thc phi
tuyn, khng i hi o hm. Trong phng php ny gii quyt cc lin kt
bt phng trnh m khng gii quyt lin kt phng trnh. Phng php ny
khng hiu qu trong cc bi ton i hi cc tnh ton cc hm, yu cu mt s
ln cc bc lp ng quy nghim.
- Phng php SQP
Phng php lp trnh bc hai ni tip (Sequential Quadratic Programming
- SQP) tnh ton vi cc lin kt ng thc v bt ng thc.
SQP c s dng nhiu v y l phng php hiu qa nht tnh ton
ti thiu ha vi cc lin kt tuyn tnh v phi tuyn tnh ni chung, cn cung
cp mt im khi u hp l c s dng trong tnh ton v mt s t cc
bin c s.
Chng trnh thc hin ti thiu mt tim cn bc hai ca hm Lagrangian
ph thuc vo cc tim cn tuyn tnh ca cc lin kt. Ma trn o hm cp hai
ca hm Lagrangian c c tnh mt cch t ng.
- Phng php hn hp
Phng php ny bao gm u im ca cc c tnh hi t ton h thng
ca phng php BOX v hiu qu ca phng php SQP. Bt u tnh ton ti
thiu vi phng php BOX s dng sai s hi t ri rc (gp 50 ln sai s cho
php). Sau khi hi t, phng php SQP c s dng xc nh nghim cui
cng vi sai s cho php.
163
- Phng php Fletcher Reeves

Phng php ny c bin i da trn phng php Polak Ribiere
gradient lin hp Fletcher - Reeves. Nhng bin i cho php cc bin c cc
cn thay i cao hn v thp hn. Phng php ny hiu qu i vi tnh ton
ti thiu ha ni chung khng gii hn. Phng php c s dng cho tm
kim mt chiu.
- Phng php Quasi Newton
Phng php Quasi Newton ca Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno
(BFGS) trong phm vi gii hn, phng php ny tng t vi phng php
Fletcher Reeves ni trn.
Bng sau y tm tt ng dng ca cc phng php.
Cc vn
khng rng
buc
Cc vn
c rng buc:
bt ng thc
BOX
SQP
Mixed
Fletcher-Reeves
Quasi-Newton
Phng php
Cc vn
c rng buc:
ng thc
Cc php
tnh o
hm
X
X
Bt u lm vic vi Optimizer
C hai cch m Optimizer:
- Bm vo Simulation trn thanh cng c, trong danh sch th xung
chn Optimizer.
- Hoc bm phm F5.
Giao din thuc tnh ca Optimizer nh trn hnh 5.17. Giao din c 5 tab:
Configuration tab: cha
cc thng tin cn thit la chn m hnh tnh
ton Original, Honeywell SQP, DataRecon hoc Selection Optimization.
164
Hnh 5.17. Optimizer Configuration tab
Variables tab: nhp cc bin c s ti thiu hay ti a hm mc tiu

(hnh 5.18). Bt k bin qu trnh no c th thay i (do ngi thit k thit
lp) c th c s dng nh l mt bin c s. Cc bin mi c thm vo
thng qua Variable Navigator. Tt c cc bin phi c cho cn trn v cn
di, c s dng chun ha bin c s:
xnorm
x xlow
xhigh xlow
Cn trn v cn di cho mi bin c s nn c chn sao cho s nhn

c mt gii php cng ngh hp l trong khong .
V d, bin c s l lu lng mol (molar flow) ca mt dng vt liu ang
c a vo cc ng bn trong ca mt thit b trao i nhit. Nu lu lng
mol dng ny qu nh, th c th xy ra hin tng chng cho nhit trong
thit b trao i nhit, s lm dng qu trnh tnh ton ca Optimizer. Trong
trng hp ny cn di nn c chn ln sao cho hin tng chng cho
nhit khng xy ra.
165
Hnh 5.18. Optimizer Variables tab
Functions
tab: c th xc nh r tnh ton ti thiu hay ti a hm mc
tiu.
Functions tab bao gm hai nhm, c t tn l Objective Function v
Constraints Functions (hnh 5.19).
Ch rng Optimizer c mt bng tnh ring c s dng pht trin
cc hm Objective Function v Constraints Functions. Bng tnh ca Optimizer
ng nht vi bng tnh trong lu trnh cng ngh; cc bin qu trnh c th
c a vo bng tnh bng cch ko th, hoc s dng bng chn Variable
Navigator. Khi cc bin qu trnh cn c kt ni ti bng tnh, c th xy
dng cc hm mc tiu (Objective Function) v bt k biu thc quan h no
theo ng c php chun.
Trong nhm Objective Function, ch r Objective Function trong phm vi
Objective Function Cell. Gi tr hin ti ca Objective Function phi c cung
cp. Thm vo , nhm Objective Function l khu vc c th xc nh r
166
(thng qua cc nt chn) tnh ton ti thiu hay ti a hm mc tiu

(Objective Function).
Hnh 5.19. Optimizer Functions tab
Trong Constraints Functions c th nh r v bn tri v v bn phi ca

cc biu thc quan h (trong cc ct LHS Cell v RHS Cell). nh r mi quan
h gia cc bn tri v bn phi (LHS > RHS, LHS < RHS, LHS = RHS) trong
ct Cond hm Constraint Function c nhn vi Penalty Value trong cc tnh
ton ti u ha. Nu mt biu thc quan h khng tha mn, th s tng gi tr
ca Penalty Value; Penalty Value cng cao, th biu thc quan h cho c gi
tr cng ln. Penalty Value c mc nh bng 1.
Parameters tab
Parameters tab c s dng cho vic la chn s ti u ha v xc
nh cc tham s lin quan (xem trn hnh 5.20).
- Scheme: la chn phng php tnh ton ti u ha.
- Maximum Function Evaluations: thit lp s ln nht ca cc hm tnh ton
(khc vi s ti a cc bc lp). Trong mi php lp, t l thch hp ca lu
167
trnh cng ngh c tnh ton vi ln, ph thuc vo phng php tnh ton ti
u ha, v s cc bin c s.
- Tolerance (sai s cho php): UNISIM s xc nh s thay i trong hm mc
tiu (objective function) gia cc bc lp, cung nh nhng thay i trong
chun ha cc bin c s. S dng cc thng tin ny, UNISIM s a ra kt qu
tnh ton ti u ha nu sai s cho php ban u tha mn.
Bin c s c chun ha theo biu thc sau:
xnorm = (x-xlow) / (xhigh -xlow)
Tt c cc phng php s dng biu thc ny, tr phng php BOX dng
o hm.
- Maximum Iterations: S ti a cc bc lp. Cc tnh ton s dng li khi t
n s ti a cc bc lp.
Hnh 5.20. Optimizer Parameters tab
- Maximum Change / Iteration: S thay i ti a cho php khi thc hin chun
ha cc bin c s gia cc bc lp. V d, gi s s thay i ti a cho php
trn mt bc lp l 0.3 (gi tr mc nh). Nu dng mol l mt bin c s
168
thay i trong khong t 0 n 200 kmol/h, th s thay i ti a trong mt

bc lp s l 200*0.3 = 60 kmol/h.
- Shift A / Shift B: o hm ca hm mc tiu v cc hm lin kt theo theo cc
bin c s, ni chung c tnh ton t vi phn i s.
o hm c tnh ton t biu thc sau:
xshift = ShiftA*x + ShiftB
Trong : x - bin b nhiu ( chun ha)
xshift - khong dch chuyn ( chun ha)
Shift B m bo gi tr ca xshift s lun lun c gi tr khc 0. Ni chung
khng cn thit thay i gi tr mc nh ca ShiftA v ShiftB. C nhng
phng php thay i ng thi gi tr ca cc bin c s, trong kh li c
nhng phng php thay i ln lt cc bin c s.
Cc o hm c tnh ton t biu thc:
y/x = (y1 y2)/xshift

Trong : y2 - gi tr ca bin b nh hng tng ng vi x + xshift
y1 - gi tr ca bin b nh hng tng ng vi x.
Trc mi bc, Optimizer cn xc nh chnh lch ca b mt ti u
ha ti vng hin ti. Optimizer di chuyn mi bin c s bng mt gi tr ca
xshift (lm cho kch thc mi bc ca Shift A v Shift B s l rt nh). o
hm sau c tnh cho tt c cc hm (Objective v Constraint) s dng cc
gi tr ca y ti hai v tr ca x. T thng tin ny v cc gi tr trc ca
Optimizer, kch thc v nh hng bc tip theo s c chn.
Monitor tab (hnh 5.21)

Trong giao din ca Monitor tab hin th cc gi tr ca Objective Function,
cc bin c s v Constraint Function trong sut cc tnh ton ca Optimizer.
Thng tin mi ch c cp nht khi c s thay i gi tr ca Objective
Function. Cc gi tr lin kt l dng nu cc hm quan h bt ng thc c
tho mn v l m nu khng tho mn.
169
Hnh 5.21. Optimizer Monitor tab
Trong giao din Optimizer c 3 phm, gm c:

- Delete: xa tt c thng tin hin ti khi Optimizer v bng tnh ca n
- Spreadsheet: truy cp vo bng tnh ring ca Optimizer.
- Start / Stop: khi ng hoc kt thc cc tnh ton ca Optimizer. Mt hm
mc tiu phi c xc nh trc khi bt u cc qu trnh tnh ton.
Cc im chnh cn lu ca Optimizer
- Xc nh gi tr cc cn di v cn trn mt cch hp l l cc k quan
trng. iu ny cn thit khng nhng ngn chn cc iu kin bt li cho
lu trnh cng ngh (v d chng cho nhit trong thit b trao i nhit) m
cn v cc bin c chia t l gia 0 v 1 trong cc thut ton ti u ha s
dng cc cn ny.
- i vi cc phng php BOX v hn hp, Maximum change / Iteration ca
cc bin c s (thit lp trn Parameters tab) cn phi gim. Gi tr 0.05 hoc
0.1 l ph hp hn.
- Phng php hn hp ni chung yu cu t nht s cc hm tnh ton (tc l
hiu qu nht).
170
- Nu cc phng php BOX, SQP, hoc hn hp khng thc hin tnh ton
cc hm quan h c thit lp, th tng Penalty Value trn Functions tab
gp 3 hay 6 ln (ti gi tr tng t vi gi tr mong mun ca hm mc tiu).
Mt khc, iu cung hu ch trong qu trnh tnh ton t ti gi tr ca hm
mc tiu v hn ch s bt li n mc c th (c bit khi s dng phng
php BOX).
- Theo mc nh Optimizer ti thiu hm mc tiu. C th ti a hm mc tiu
bng cch chn Maximize trn Functions tab. Ch , Optimizer nhn vi hm
mc tiu bng - 1 khi tnh ton ti a hm mc tiu.
5.7.2
Bi ton
Tnh ton UA ca 3 thit b trao i nhit c lp. S dng Optimizer

tnh ton ti u ho t s dng qua b chia dng sao cho UA ton phn l ti
thiu.
Dng Feed c dn vo vng lm lnh s b, sau c chia thnh hai
dng. Vic lm lnh ca dng nguyn liu phn chia c thc hin bng cch
trao i nhit vi cc thit b trao i nhit t song song. Mt dng c lm
lnh bng dng sn phm nh t thp tch metan dng E-100 Cool In v dng
kia c lm lnh nh chu trnh lm lnh bng propane Valve In v thit b trao
i nhit bn sn thp tch metan E-102 Cool In.
Tnh ton cc thit b trao i nhit n hoc a UA l mt tnh hung
thng gp, trong c cc thit b trao i nhit c s dng vi cc iu
kin vn hnh khc nhau hoc vi cc ng dng khc nhau. Trong nhng
trng hp ny, ngi k s phi xc nh c iu kin trao i nhit nh
th no l ph hp nht t cc thit b trao i nhit ang c m cng sut vn
hnh b gii hn bi cc nh thit k.
5.7.3
Thc hin m phng

Thit lp c s m phng

Trong trang
Chn
Property Package
PR
Components
Methane, Ethane, Propane, i-Butane, n-Butane
171
Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment thc hin m phng.
Thit lp cc dng nguyn liu v dng qu trnh
M Workbook thit lp 4 dng Material Stream vi cc thng s k thut

a ra trong bng sau. Giao din Workbook nh trn hnh 5.22.
Feed
E-100
Cool In
Valve In
E-102
Cool In
20
- 142
120
<empty>
Pressure, psia
1000
250
350
251
Molar Flow,
lbmol/hr
2745
1542
<empty>
1640
Methane
0.7515
0.9073
0.0000
0.2828
Ethane
Worksheet
[Compositions] Propane
Mole Fraction i-Butane
0.2004
0.0927
0.0000
0.2930
0.0401
0.0000
1.0000
0.1414
0.0040
0.0000
0.0000
0.1313
n-Butane
0.0040
0.0000
0.0000
0.1515
Tab [page]
Input Area
Temperature, o F
Worksheet
[Conditions]
Hnh 5.22. Workbook Material Streams
172
Thit lp ln lt cc thit b
Thit lp b chia dng Tee-100. Giao din hin th nh trn hnh 5.23.
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
TEE-100
Design
Inlet
Feed
[Connections]
Outlets
E-100 Feed
Tab [Page]
E-101 Feed
Hnh 5.23. TEE-100 Design tab Connections page
Khi ny cha c thng s v t l chia dng nn cha tnh ton c

dng ra, trn bng trng thi mu vng hin th dng ch Unknow Splits.
Thit lp b trn dng Mix-100. Giao din hin th nh trn hnh 5.24.
Tab [Page]
Design
[Connections]
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
MIX-100
Inlet
E-100 Out
E-101 Out
Outlets
Mixer Out
173
Khi ny cc dng vo MIX-100 cha c cc thng s nn cha tnh ton

c dng ra, trn bng trng thi mu vng hin th dng ch Not Solved.
Hnh 5.24. MIX-100 Design tab Connections page
Thit lp Valve VLV-100. Giao din hin th nh trn hnh 5.25.

Tab [Page]
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Design
[Connections]
Name
VLV-100
Inlet
Valve In
Products
E-101 Cool In
Khi ny cc dng vo VLV-100 cha c cc thng s nn cha tnh ton

c, trn bng trng thi pha di giao din c dng ch Not Solved.
174
Hnh 5.25. VLV-100 Design tab Connections page
Thit lp 3 thit b trao i nhit vi cc thng s nh trong cc bng

di y.
Giao din thuc tnh E-100 hin th nh trn cc hnh 5.26, 5.27 v 5.28.
Trong
Nhp thng tin
Name
E-100
Design
Tubeside Inlet
E-100 Feed
[Connections]
Tubeside Outlet
E-100 Out
Shellside Inlet
E-100 Cool In
Shellside Outlet
E-100 Cool Out
Tubeside Delta P
10 psia
Shellside Delta P
10 psia
Design
Heat Loss/Leak
None
[Parameters]
Weighted
Interval (E-100 Feed)
10
Interval (E-100 Cool In)
10
Dew/Bubble Pt (E-100 Cool In)
Inactive
Tab [Page]
175
Cn lu khi nhp thm thng s UA, UNISIM t ng tnh ton theo UA

cn phi chuyn sang Specs page v active vo bin UA nh trong hnh 5.28.
Hnh 5.26. E-100 Design tab Connections page
Hnh 5.27. E-100 Design tab Parameters page
176
Hnh 5.28. E-100 Design tab Specs page
Thit lp cc thit b trao i nhit E-101 v E-102 tng t nh thit lp

thit b trao i nhit E-100 trn, vi cc thng s k thut cho trong bng
di y.
Trong
Name
Tubeside Inlet
Design
Tubeside Outlet
[Connections]
Shellside Inlet
Shellside Outlet
Tubeside Delta P
Shellside Delta P
Heat Loss/Leak
Design
Heat Exchanger
[Parameters] Model
Interval
Interval
Dew/Bubble Pt
Tab [Page]
Nhp thng tin

E-101
E-101 Feed
E-102 Feed
E-101 Cool In
E-101 Cool Out
5 psia
1 psia
None
Weighted
E-102
5 psia
5 psia
None
Weighted
(E-101 Feed) 10 (E-102 Cool In) 10

(E-101 Cool In) 10 (E-102 Cool Out) 10
Inactive
Inactive
177
Nhp thm cc thng s sau cho cc dng. Khi ny cung cp y cc

thng s, vic tnh ton hon thnh, case hi t. Kt qu tnh ton cc dng hin
th trong Workbook (hnh 5.29).
Stream
Specs
Value
E-102 Out
Temperature, o F
- 40
E-101 Cool Out
Vapour Fraction
1.00
E-100 Out
Temperature, o F
- 65
E-101 Cool Out
Pressure, psia
20
Hnh 5.29. Kt qu tnh ton trong Workbook
Tnh ton ti u ha
Trong bi ton ny s s dng cng c Optimizer tnh ton t l chia

dng ti b chia dng TEE-100 sao cho h s trao i nhit ton phn UA l ti
thiu.
Trc ht cn xa cc tham s UA ca cc b trao i nhit v b active
trong Specs page, thay vo l cc tham s mi sau:
178
- Nhit ca dng E-102 Cool In l -85oF

- Lu lng dng Valve In l 495 lbmole/hr
- Lu lng dng E-101 Feed l bin s dng ti u ha, s nhp gi
tr tnh ton ban u l 1668 lbmole/hr.
Sau khi nhp ba thng s trn, lu trnh s hi t, vic tnh ton lu
trnh cng ngh hon thnh. By gi s bt u tnh ton ti u ha.
M Optimizer, vo Variable tab, nhp bin c s v cc thng tin nh
trong bng sau:
Object
Primary Variable
Low Bound
High Bound
E-101 Feed
Molar Flow
1450
1800
Hnh 5.30. Nhp Primary Variable
Bm vo phm Spreadsheet s m ra giao din nh trong hnh 5.31.
179
Hnh 5.31. Giao din Spreadsheet
Bm vo phm Spreadsheet Only v Import cc gi tr UA ca ba b trao

i nhit t lu trnh chnh theo nh bng sau. Bng tnh trong giao din
Optimizer Spreadsheet nh trong hnh 5.32.
Cell...
Import UA
A1
E-100
A2
E-101
A3
E-102
A4
+A1+A2+A3
180
Hnh 5.32. Giao din Optimizer Spreadsheet Spreadsheet tab
C th kim tra cc cng thc c nhp vo bng tnh bng cch

chuyn sang Formulas tab. Trong bng lit k tn ca cc c cng thc ti
ct Cell, cc cng thc ti ct Formula v kt qu tnh ton ca cng thc ti
ct Results (hnh 5.33).
Chuyn sang Function tab ca Optimizer, la chn bin cn ti u ha v
la chn ch tnh ton Maximize hay Minimize ph hp. Trong bi ton ny
cn tnh Minimize UA tng ca ba b trao i nhit, v vy s chn bin cn
tnh ton l biu thc trong A4, ch tnh ton Minimize (hnh 5.34).
Chuyn sang Parameters tab, chn phng php tnh ton ph hp cho
Optimizer, trong bi ton ny la chn phng php Mixed (hnh 5.35).
Bm phm Start bt u tnh ton, kt qu c hin th trong Current
Value trong Functions tab. Chuyn sang Monitor tab quan st qu trnh tnh
ton ti u ha ca Optimizer (hnh 5.36).
181
Hnh 5.33. Giao din Optimizer Spreadsheet Formulas tab
Hnh 5.34. Optimizer - Functions tab
182
Hnh 5.35. Optimizer Parameters tab
Hnh 5.36. Optimizer Monitor tab
So snh kt qu nhn c trc v sau khi Optimizer?___________
183
Lu case vo th mc xc nh
Vo File menu.
Chn Save As.
t tn file l Optimizer sau bm phm OK.
Lu trnh PFD hon thnh nh trn hnh 5.37.
Hnh 5.37. Lu trnh PFD
Tm tt v n tp chng 5
5.8
Trong phn u ca chng ny lm quen vi cc cng c tnh ton

logic:
- Adjust iu chnh gi tr ca mt bin dng (bin c lp) sao cho bin
ph thuc ca dng hoc thit b khc t gi tr mc tiu.
- Set: thit lp mi quan h ca hai bin ging nhau ca hai dng hoc hai
thit b khc nhau.
- Recycle: l khi l thuyt tnh ton cho dng vt liu tun hon.
Tip theo tm hiu hai cng c tnh ton c bit:
184
- Shortcut Distilation: tnh ton cc thng s c bn cho thp chng luyn

c ngng t nh thp v un si y thp.
- Component Splitter: y l cng c tnh ton trong UNISIM, s dng
tnh ton phn chia dng vt liu theo t l cc cu t.
Phn cui ca chng s dng hai cng c tnh ton rt mnh trong
UNISIM:
- Spreadsheet c chc nng tnh ton vi cc hm i s, logarit, lng
gic, cc biu thc logic, thc hin nhp s liu v cng thc tnh vo
Spreadsheet tnh ton ch s Reynold ca dng nc chy trong ng dn.
- Optimizer: c kh nng tnh ton ti u ho cc thng s cng ngh, bc
u lm quen s dng cng c Optimizer tnh ton ti thiu ha h s trao
i nhit tng cng ca h thng ba thit b trao i nhit: xut nhp bin, thit
lp hm, la chn phng php tnh ton ph hp.
185
Chng 6. CC M HNH PHN TCH
Ni dung
Hp th v chng luyn l cc qu trnh ph bin trong cng ngh ho hc
v du kh phn tch hn hp nhiu cu t
Trong chng ny gii thiu cch s dng UNISIM m phng qu trnh
phn tch hn hp nhiu cu t bng hp th v chng luyn. Trong UNISIM
c bn loi m hnh thp khc nhau:
- Thp hp th (Absorber)
- Thp c hi lu nh (Refluxed Absorber)
- Thp c un si y thp (Reboiled Absorber)
- Thp chng luyn (Distillation Column)
Tu theo yu cu cng ngh cn la chn loi thp c cu hnh ph hp.
iu kin cng ngh, thnh phn ca dng nguyn liu, p sut lm vic s xc
nh s hi t ca thp. Khi tnh ton thp hi t, kt qu nhn c bao gm
thnh phn, tnh cht ca cc dng sn phm hi v sn phm lng.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th:
S dng thp hp th trong UNISIM m phng qu trnh hp th
Xc nh c cc thng s thit k thp hp th
Thit lp thp chng s dng Input Experts
Khai bo cc tham s cho thp chng luyn
Yu cu
Thc hin cc thay i trong PFD
Thm cc dng trong PFD hoc Workbook.
Khi to v ni cc dng vo thit b trong PFD
186
6.1
Thp hp th
M phng qu trnh hp th kh lin tc trong thp m. Thit b hp th

mc nh trong UNISIM l loi thp a (Tray Section), c dng sn phm hi
t nh thp, v dng sn phm lng t y thp. Khng c sn cc thng s
cho thp hp th, m da trn cu hnh chung ca thp.
6.1.1 Bi ton
Propylen carbonat hp th CO 2 trong thp m. Dng kh nguyn liu
c 20% mol CO 2 v 80% mol Metan. Lu lng dng l 2 m 3/s v iu kin
lm vic ca thp l 60oC v 60,1 atm. Lu lng dng dung mi l 2000
kmol/h. S dng UNISIM xc nh hm lng CO 2 (% mol) trong dng kh
ra, chiu cao thp (m) v ng knh thp (m).
6.1.2
Thc hin m phng qu trnh hp th
Nhp cc thng tin sau trong giao din Simulation Basis Manager
Trong ca s ca tab
Chn
Property Package
Sour PR
Components
CH4, CO2, Propylene Carbonate
Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment m phng.

2. Thit lp cc dng nguyn liu
Thit lp dng dung mi vi cc thng tin sau.
Trong ny....
Nhp thng tin...
Name
Solvent In
Temperature
60oC
Pressure
60.1 atm
Molar Flow
2000 kgmole/h

CO2
0.000
Methane
0.000
C3=Carbonate
1.000
187
Thit lp dng kh nguyn liu vi cc thng tin sau.
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin...
Name
Gases In
Temperature
60oC
Pressure
60.1 atm
Molar Flow
7200 m3/h

CO2
0.200
Methane
0.800
C3 = Carbonate
0.000
3. Thit lp thp hp th
Bm vo biu tng Absorber trn Object Palette, nh hnh bn
Vo Connection page, nhp cc thng tin sau. Giao din nh hnh 6.1.
188
Trong ny...
Nhp thng tin...
Name
Absorber
Top Stage Inlet
Solvent In
Bottom Stage Inlet
Gases In
Ovhd Vapour Outlet
Gases Out
Bottom Liquid Outlet
Liquid Out
Hnh 6.1. Giao din Absorber Connections page (1 of 3)
Bm vo phm Next, v tip tc nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 6.2.
Bm vo phm Next, v tip tc nhp cc thng tin nh trong hnh 16.3.
189
Sau bm vo phm Done... s xut hin ca s nh hnh 6.4.

thc hin tnh ton, bm vo phm Run pha di ca s. Hp trng
thi mu vi ch Unconverged s chuyn sang mu xanh vi ch
Converged nu ton b qu trnh thc hin chnh xc nh hng dn trn.
Tuy nhin kt qu tnh ton nhn c l cho thp hp th loi thp a, cn
phi chuyn sang thp m.
Hnh 6.4. Giao din Absorber Connections page hon thnh
190
Trnh t thao tc
chuyn t thp a sang thp
m nh sau:
Bm vo Tools trn
thanh menu chnh,
chn Utilities.
Trong ca s Available
Utilities di chuyn
xung di v chn
Tray Sizing nh trong
hnh 6.5.
Hnh 6.5. Ca s Available Utilities
Bm phm Add Utility s xut hin ca s Tray Sizing nh hnh 6.6. t

tn trong Name l Packing.
Hnh 6.6. Ca s Tray Sizing
Bm vo phm Select TS... pha trn bn phi ca s Tray Sizing, s

xut hin ca s Select Tray Section nh hnh 6.7. Bm phm chn All
trong Object Filter, la chn Absorber trong Flowsheet, sau chn
TS-1 trong Object, sau bm phm OK.
191
Hnh 6.7. Ca s Select Tray Section
Tr v ca s Select Tray Section. Bm vo phm Auto Section..., s

xut hin ca s nh Auto Section Information, trong nhm Internal
Type chn Packed, trong hp Packing Type c danh sch cc loi m
c th xung, cun xung chn loi m Raschig Rings (Ceramic)
1_4 inch nh hnh 6.8.
Hnh 6.8. ca s Auto Section Information
192
Sau khi la chn

xong,
bm phm
Next>, hin th ca s
nh trong hnh 6.9,
bm phm Complete
AutoSection.
Sau khi bm phm
Complex AutoSection,
s xut hin ca s
Tray Sizing. ng ca
s ny li v tr v
giao din PFD.
Nhp
p
vo
Absorber m giao
din thuc tnh ca
thp, bm vo phm
Run chy chng
trnh m phng tnh
ton li vi thp m.
Hnh 6.9. Ca s Tray Section
4. Cc thng s thit k thp

Trn thanh menu chnh, bm vo Tools, trong danh sch chn Utilities
Ca s Available Utilities s xut hin, di chuyn xung di danh sch
chn Packing v bm vo phm View Utility.
Trong ca s mi hin th, bm phm Auto Section v thay i trong
nhm Internal Type chn Packed. Khng cn phi chn li loi m
na.
Bm phm Next> v sau bm phm Complete AutoSection, s xut
hin ca s Tray Sizing nh hnh 6.10.
By gi m Performance tab, chn Packed.
Trong Results page, c th c gi tr ng knh v chiu cao ca thp.
193
Hnh 6.10. Ca s Tray Sizing: Packing
ng ca s ny li tr v giao din PFD, nhp p vo dng Gases

Out v c hm lng CO 2 trong dng kh ra. Ghi cc kt qu tnh ton
nhn c vo bng.
Section Diameter (m)___________________________
Section Height (m)_____________________________
CO2 composition______________________________
Vo File
Chn Save as
t tn file l Absorber, sau bm phm OK
Hon thnh m phng nhn c lu trnh PFD nh trong hnh 6.11. Lu
trnh con (trong mi trng con - subflowsheet) ca thp nh trong hnh 6.12.
194
Hnh 6.11. PFD qu trnh hp th CO2 bng propylen carbonat
Hnh 6.12. Thp hp th (subflowsheet)
195
6.1.3 Tm tt v n tp
Thc hin m phng qu trnh hp th CO 2 bng Propylene Carbonate trong
thp hp th loi thp m, s dng cng c Absorber trong UNISIM m
phng qu trnh hp th.
Xc nh nng CO 2 cn li trong dng kh sn phm ra khi thp hp
th, chiu cao thp (m) v ng knh thp (m).
6.1.4
Bi tp nng cao
Tng lu lng dng dung mi Solvent In t 2000 kmol/h ln 2500

kmol/h. Chy li chng trnh m phng, xem kt qu c g thay i, in kt
qu mi nhn c vo bng sau:
Section Diameter (m)___________________________
Section Height (m)_____________________________
CO2 Composition______________________________
6.2
Thp chng luyn
6.2.1
Bi ton
Thu hi pha lng t kh t nhin (Natural-Gas Liquids NGL) l qu trnh

x l hn hp kh t nhin kh ph bin. Mc ch ca qu trnh tch pha lng
khi hn hp kh l:
Khng cn cc hydrocacbon nng l cc cu t thng b ngng t trong
ng ng, m bo vn chuyn kh an ton bng ng ng.
p ng cc tiu chun ca kh thng phm.
Thu hi ti a sn phm lng (sn phm lng c gi tr cao hn kh)
UNISIM c th m hnh ho nhiu cu hnh thp chng luyn khc nhau.
Trong bi ny s s dng ba thp m phng nh my NGL:
Thp tch metan s dng thp c un si y thp (Reboiled Absorber).
Thp tch etan s dng thp chng luyn c hi lu nh ngng t mt
phn v un si y thp (Distillation Column).
Thp tch propan s dng thp chng luyn c hi lu nh ngng t
hon ton v un si y thp (Distillation Column).
196
Hnh 6.13. S m phng cng ngh NGL trong UNISIM
S cng ngh PFD
197
Thp tch metan DC1
Hnh 6.14.Thp tch metan DC1
198
Thp tch etan DC2
Hnh 6.15. Thp tch etan DC2
199
Thp tch propan DC3
Hnh 6.16. Thp tch propan DC3
200
6.2.2
Thc hin m phng
M new case.
Chn h nhit ng Peng Robinson EOS.
Nhp cc cu t: N2, CO2, C 1 C8.
Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment
1. Thit lp cc dng vt cht
Thit lp hai dng vt liu theo cc thng tin trong bng sau:
er
Trong ny Nhp thng tin
Nhp thng tin
Name
Feed1
Feed2
Temperature
95oC (140o F)
85oC (120o F)
Pressure
2275 kPa (330 psia)
2290 kPa (332 psia)
Flowrate
1620 kgmole/h (3575 lbmole/hr) 215 kgmole/h (475 lbmole/hr)
Component
Mole Fraction
Mole Fraction
N2
0.0025
0.0057
CO2
0.0048
0.0029
C1
0.7041
0.7227
C2
0.1921
0.1176
C3
0.0706
0.0750
i-C4
0.0112
0.0204
n-C4
0.0085
0.0197
i-C5
0.0036
0.0147
n-C5
0.0020
0.0102
C6
0.0003
0.0037
C7
0.0002
0.0047
C8
0.0001
0.0027
201
2. Thit lp thp tch metan

Thp tch metan c m phng bng thit b Reboiler Absorber, vi hai
dng nguyn liu, mt dng nng lng vo gia nhit y thp.
Thit lp dng nng lng theo cc thng tin sau:
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Name
Ex Duty
Energy Flow
2.1e+06 kJ/h (2.0+06 Btu/hr)
Nhp p vo biu tng Reboiled Absorber trong Object Palette

Xut hin giao din Input Expert u tin. Nhp cc thng tin nh trong
hnh 6.17 di y.
Hnh 6.17. Giao din Input Expert (1 of 4)
Bm phm Next> chuyn sang trang tip theo. Nhp cc thng tin p
sut nh trong hnh 6.18. Trong h n v field, nhp gi tr p sut nh
thp l 330 psi v p sut y thp l 335 psi.
202
Bm phm Next> chuyn sang trang tip theo. Nhp cc gi tr nhit

gi nh nh trong hnh 6.19, trong h n v field, nhp gi tr nhit
nh thp l -125o F, nhit reboiler l 80o F.
203
Bm phm Next> chuyn sang trang tip theo. Trong trng hp ny

khng cn thm thng tin trong trang cui ny, hnh 6.20. Bm phm
Done
Hnh 6.20. Giao din Input Expert 4 of 4
Sau khi bm phm Done, UNISIM s m y giao din thuc tnh ca

thp. M Monitor page trong Design tab ca giao din Column DC1 nh hnh
6.21. Trc khi cho tnh ton thp, phi chc chn rng khai bo y cc
thng tin nh hng dn trn.
T Monitor page (hnh 6.21) nhn thy rng thp c th tnh ton c
cn phi nhp thm tham s lu lng sn phm nh Ovhd Prod Rate l 1338
kgmole/h (2950 lbmole/hr). Sau khi nhp thm tham s ny, bm phm Run
bt u tnh ton thp v qu trnh s hi t, nh hnh 6.22.
204
Hnh 6.21. Giao din thuc tnh thp Design tab Monitor page
Hnh 6.22. Qu trnh tnh ton thp hi t
205
Phn mol metan trong sn phm nh l bao nhiu?______________

Mc d thp hi t, nhng trong thc t khng phi lc no cung c s
liu v lu lng dng sn phm nh. Tham s ny c th l kt qu tnh ton
ca thp, thp c th khng hi t (Unconverged) hoc dng sn phm s c
nhng tnh cht khng p ng yu cu nu nh thay i iu kin dng
nguyn liu vo thp.
C cch tip cn khc khai bo thng tin cho thp hoc l thnh phn
cu t hoc l thnh phn cc dng sn phm ca thp.
M Specs page ca Design tab trong giao din thuc tnh thp nh hnh
6.23. Bm vo phm Add trong nhm Column Specifications.
Hnh 6.23. Giao din thuc tnh thp Design tab Specs page
Ca s Add Specs xut hin nh hnh 6.24. Chn Column Component

Fraction t trong danh sch. Sau bm phm Add Spec(s) pha bn
di ca s.
206
Hnh 6.24. Ca s Add Specs
in cc tham s nh trong hnh 6.25. Sau ng ca s ny li.
Hnh 6.25. Ca s Component Fraction Spec
207
Trong ca s Monitor page ca giao din thuc tnh thp, mc d va b

sung thm tham s, nhng bc t do (Degrees of Freedom) vn bng 0. iu
cho thy trn thc t tham s thm vo cha c kch hot. By gi tin hnh
b kch hot tham s Ovhd Prod Rate, v kch hot Com Fraction va c b
sung, trong trng hp ny l C1 in Overhead nh trong hnh 6.26.
Hnh 6.26. Kch hot tham s C1 in Overhead
Lu lng sn phm nh thp DC1 Ovhd bng bao nhiu?___________

Khi thp hi t, c th xem kt qu tnh ton trong Performance tab nh
hnh 6.27.
208
Hnh 6.27. Kt qu tnh ton thp DC1
3. Thit lp bm
Bm c s dng vn chuyn sn phm y thp tch metan DC1 sang
thp tch etan DC2. Thit lp bm vi cc thng tin sau.
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Connections tab
Inlet
DC1 Btm
Outlet
DC2 Feed
Energy
P-100-HP
Worksheet tab
DC2 Feed Pressure
2790 kPa (405 psi)
4. Thit lp thp chng luyn tch etan DC2

Thp chng luyn tch etan c m phng trong UNISIM bng thp
chng luyn c hi lu nh (condenser) v un si y thp (reboiler), tng
209
cng c 16 a, trong thp c 14 a v condenser, reboiler. Thp lm vic

p sut 2760 kPa (400 psi). Trong sn phm y t l etan/propan l 0.01.
Nhp p vo biu tng Distillation Column trn Object Palette.
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Connections
Name
DC2
No. of Stages
14
Feed Stream/Stage
DC2 Feed/6
Condenser Type
Partial
Overhead Vapour Product
DC2 Ovhd
Overhead Liquid Product
DC2 Dist
Bottom Product
DC2 Btm
Reboiler Duty
DC2 Reb Q
Condenser Duty
DC2 Cond Q
Pressures
Condenser
2725 kPa (395 psia)
Condenser Delta P
35 kPa (5 psi)
Reboiler
2792 kPa (405 psia)
Temperature Estimates
Condenser
-4o C (25o F)
Reboiler
95oC (200o F)
Specifications
Overhead Vapour Rate
320 kgmole/h (700 lbmole/hr)
Distillate Rate
0 kgmole/h
Reflux Ratio
2.5 (Molar)
Bm phm Run thc hin tnh ton.

Lu lng C2 v C 3 trong sn phm y ca DC2 bng bao nhiu?____
210
T s C2 /C 3 bng bao nhiu?___________________________________

Trn Specs page, bm phm Add b sung thm tham s mi Column
Component Ratio, sau nhp cc thng tin nh sau vo ca s hin th.
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Name
C2/C3
Stages
Reboiler
Flow Basis
Mole Fraction
Phase
Liquid
Spec Value
0.01
Numerator
Ethane
Denominator
Propane
Trn Monitor tab, khng kch hot Ovhd Vap Rate v chuyn sang kch
hot tham s C2 /C3 mi c b sung.
Lu lng sn phm nh ca thp DC2 l bao nhiu?______________
5. Thit lp van
Van c s dng lm gim p sut dng sn phm y ca thp tch
etan DC2 Btm trc khi a vo thp tch propan cui cng.
Nhp cc thng tin sau cho van:
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin
Connections
Feed Stream
DC2 Btm
Product Stream
DC3 Feed
Worksheet
DC3 Feed Pressure
1690 kPa (245 psi)
6. Thit lp thp chng luyn tch propan

Thp chng luyn tch propan c m phng trong UNISIM bng thp
chng luyn c 25 a, trong thp c 24 a v Reboiler. Lu rng trong
trng hp ny Condenser ngng t hon ton khng tnh l mt a. p sut
211
lm vic trung bnh trong thp l 1620 kPa (235 psi). Thp tch propan c hai
sn phm. Sn phm nh c cha khng qu 1.5% mol ca i-C4 v n-C4 . Nng
propan trong sn phm y phi nh hn 2.0% mol.
Nhp cc thng tin cho thp chng luyn tch propan nh trong bng sau.
Khi hon thnh, bm phm Run thc hin tnh ton thp. Thp hi t, c
kt qu.
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin.
Connections
Name
DC3
No. of Stages
24
Feed Stream/Stage
DC3 Feed/11
Condenser Type
Total
Overhead Liquid Product
DC3 Dist
Bottom Product
DC3 Btm
Reboiler Duty
DC3 Reb Q
Condenser Duty
DC3 Cond Q
Pressures
Condenser
1585 kPa (230 psia)
Condenser Delta P
35 kPa (5 psi)
Reboiler
1655 kPa (240 psia)
Temperature Estimates
Condenser
38oC (100o F)
Reboiler
120oC (250o F)
Specifications
212
Distillate Rate
100 kgmole/h (240 lbmole/hr)
Reflux Ratio
1.0 (Molar)
Phn mol C 3 trong sn phm nh v sn phm y bng bao nhiu______

Khi to thm hai tham s thnh phn cu t cho thp.
Trong ny
Nhp thng tin...
i-C4 and n-C4 in Distillate

Name
i-C4 and n-C4
Stages
Condenser
Flow Basis
Mole Fraction
Phase
Liquid
Spec Value
0.015
Components
i-C4 and n-C4
C 3 in Reboiler
Name
C3
Stages
Reboiler
Flow Basis
Mole Fraction
Phase
Liquid
Spec Value
0.02
Components
C3
B kch hot Distillate Rate v Reflux Ratio.

Kch hot cc tham s i-C4 and n-C4 v C3 mi khi to b sung.
Vo File menu
Chn Save as
t tn file l Separation Column, sau bm phm OK
213
6.2.3
Tm tt v n tp
Trong bi ny thc hin m phng qu trnh chng luyn tng thu hi

sn phm lng t kh t nhin (NGL). s dng Absorber trong UNISIM,
loi thp chng tch ch c Column v Reboiler m phng thp tch metan.
Thp chng luyn tch etan c m phng bng Distillation Column, vi
Condenser ngng t mt phn v Reboiler. Thp chng luyn tch propan c
m phng bng Distillation Column, vi Condenser ngng t hon ton v
Reboiler.
214
Chng 7. M PHNG MT S QU TRNH
CNG NGH HO HC
Ni dung
Trong chng ny s kim tra s hiu bit v kh nng s dng UNISIM
m phng cc qu trnh cng ngh. UNISIM l mt chng trnh m
phng c quan h cht ch vi cc qu trnh cng ngh . y l mt
chng trnh rt mnh c th s dng gii quyt ton b cc vn
lin quan n qu trnh cng ngh. Tuy nhin, khi cung cp cc iu kin
khc nhau v cc la chn gii quyt vn , nu khng hiu bit v qu
trnh v cc trnh t tin hnh m phng s khng th s dng UNISIM mt
cch c hiu qu trong tnh ton qu trnh cng ngh.
Mc tiu
Sau khi hc xong ngi s dng c th:
Thao tc trn cc giao din ca UNISIM v xy dng lu trnh PFD t
m t trong ti liu dng vn bn.
Nghin cu la chn cc phng n cng ngh trong qu trnh m
phng.
nh gi tc ng ca cc h nhit ng chn n kt qu m phng.
Rt ra mt cch chn lc kt qu tnh ton cc tnh cht vt l t
UNISIM.
Yu cu
Trc khi thc hnh m phng cc bi trong chng ny, phi nm vng,
thnh tho cc ni dung hc v hon thnh tt c cc bi tp nng cao ca
cc chng trc.
215
7.1
Qu trnh dehydro ho n-Heptan sn xut Toluen
Toluen c sn xut t n-heptan bng phn ng dehydro ho trn xc tc

Cr 2O3 theo phn ng sau:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
C6H5CH3 + 4H2
Ban u n-heptan c gia nhit t 65 ln 800 oF trong thit b gia nhit.

Sau c a vo thp phn ng c xc tc vn hnh trong iu kin ng
nhit v chuyn ho 15% mol n-heptan thnh toluen.
Sn phm ra khi thit b phn ng c lm mt xung 65 oF v dn vo
thp tch pha. Ton b dy chuyn cng ngh lm vic p sut kh quyn, xc
nh lu lng ca cc dng.
Trnh t m phng
1. Khi ng UNISIM v m File/New/Case
2. Giao din Simulation Basis Manager xut hin. M Fluid Package tab.
Bm phm Add. Chn Peng-Robinson. ng ca s.
3. M Component page v Add: toluene, n-heptane, v hydrogene. ng ca s.
4. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment bn di giao din
Simulation Basis Manager.
5. Bm vo biu tng Heater trong Object Palette v sau bm vo
Process Flow Diagram (PFD). Bm vo biu tng General Reactor, s
xut hin bn loi Reactor khc nhau, chn Conversion Reactor v bm
vo PFD. Tng t vi Cooler v Separator.
6. t tn cc dng vo v cc dng ra v cc thit b ca ton b qu trnh
nh trong hnh 7.1.
Hnh 7.1. S PFD ban u
216
7. Lu rng Reactor c mu vi dng thng bo Need Reaction Set.

Bm vo Flowsheet trn thanh cng c, chn Reaction Package trong
danh sch th xung. Add Global Rxn Set. Sau bm Add Rxn v
chn Conversion. Add components (n-heptane, toluene, hydrogen) v h
s t lng tng ng (-1, 1, 4). Chuyn sang Basis tab v nhp gi tr
15 vo Co (y l chuyn ho). ng ca s, tr v mn hnh PFD.
8. Nhp p vo Reactor. M Reaction tab trong giao din thuc tnh ca
Reactor. Chn Global Reaction Set vo Reaction Set. ng ca s.
9. M Worksheet, nhp cc iu kin bit cho cc dng. Lu rng ch
v s c mu xanh l cc gi tr c ngi s dng khai bo. Nu cung
cp nhiu hn tham s yu cu, th s xut hin thng bo li.
T kt qu tnh ton ca bi tp trn nhn thy rng nhit lm mt c gi tr
tng ng nhit un nng. Nh vy c th lm gim nng lng gia nhit
dng nguyn liu u bng cch tn dng nhit ca dng sn phm. Tin hnh
ci tin quy trnh bng cch thm thit b trao i nhit. Trnh t thc hin
trong PFD:
1. Bm vo Heater trong PFD v thay i tn ca dng thnh Pre-Heat.
ng ca s.
2. Bm vo dng R-Prod trong PFD. Worksheet dng ra s xut hin. i
tn dng thnh R-Prod1.
3. Bm vo Cooler trong PFD v i tn dng thnh R-Prod2.
4. Thit lp thit b trao i nhit v t tn l Pre-Heater, vi cc dng
Feed v Pre-Heat l dng vo v dng ra tube-side, cc dng R-Prod1
v R-Prod2 l dng vo v dng ra shell-side. M Parameter page.
Khai bo gi tr Delta P bng 0 cho c tube side v shell side. Chn
Model Weighted Exchanger. ng ca s.
5. Cn phi xc nh thm mt tham s na. M Worksheet v thay i
nhit ca dng Pre-Heat thnh 600o F.
6. C th thay i nhit ny xem nh hng ca n ti Heat Duty v
UA. Tng nhit Pre-Heat c th lm gim H-Duty, nhng nu tng
UA, c ngha l cn lng nhit ln hn vi cng din tch b mt trao
i nhit . R rng s c gii hn trn i vi Pre-Heater nh th no
217
l tt cho qu trnh trao i nhit ny. C th thy c iu ny bng

cch thay i nhit v ghi li s thay i ca cc thng s khc. iu
ny c th thc hin c bng cch s dng Databook, trnh t theo
cc bc sau:
a. M Tools/Databook. Bm vo phm Insert v chn Pre-Heat trong
Object, chn Temperature trong Variable v bm phm Add. Lm
tng t cho Heat-Duty trong Object, chn Heat Flow trong
Variable v bm phm Add. Tng t chn Heat Exch trong Object,
chn UA trong Variable v bm phm Add. ng ca s.
b. Chuyn sang Case Studies v bm phm Add. Chn Ind
(Independent Variable) cho Pre-Heat v chn Dep (Dependent
Variable) cho Heat-Duty v Heat Exch. Bm phm View. Nhp gi
tr 500 cho Low Bound, 620 cho High Bound, v 10 cho Step Size.
c. Bm Start. Sau vi giy bm vo Results xem kt qu.
Hnh 7.2. Giao din PFD qu trnh sn xut toluen
7.2
Qu trnh hydroclo ho etylen
Etyl clorua c sn sut t HCl v etylen, phn ng thc hin trong pha
kh trn xc tc clorua ng mang trn silica:
C 2H4 + HCl
C2H5Cl
Dng nguyn liu c thnh phn gm 50% mol HCl, 48% mol C 2H4, v 2%
mol N2 vi lu lng dng 100 kmol/h, nhit 25 oC, v p sut 1 atm. Phn
218
ng t chuyn ho 90% mol, etyl clorua c tch khi hn hp kh cha

phn ng, v sau c tun hon li. Qu trnh tch sn phm s dng thp
chng luyn, gi nh l qu trnh tch trit . Qu trnh tin hnh p sut
kh quyn, v gim p c b qua. ngn nga s tch t ca kh tr
trong h thng, dng kh thi W c lu lng l 10 kmol/h. nh gi nh
hng ca lu lng dng kh thi W n dng tun hon R v thnh phn hn
hp kh phn ng.
Trnh t m phng
y l hng dn ngn. S kh hiu nu cha hon thnh cc phn trc.
1. Khi ng UNISIM, chn Peng Robinson EOS cho Fluid Package. M
Component tab chn components (ethylene hoc ethene),
hydrogen_chloride, ethyl_chloride, v nitrogen). ng ca s.
2. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment. Chn Mixer trong Object
Palette v a vo Process Flow Diagram (PFD). Lm tng t vi
Conversion Reactor, Component Splitter, Tee, v Recycle nh trn
hnh 18.3.
3. t tn tt c cc dng nh trn hnh 7.3.
4. Bm Flowsheet/Reaction Package. Add Global Rxn Set. Sau
bm phm Add Rxn, v chn Conversion. Add Components (ethylene,
hydrogen_chloride, v ethyl_chloride) v Stoich Coeff (-1, -1, 1).
Chuyn sang Basis tab, v nhp gi tr 90 cho Co vi Ethylene l cu t
c bn (basis). ng ca s. Tr v giao din Reaction Package, bm
phm Add Set. ng ca s. Tr v PFD.
5. Nhp p vo Conversion Reactor. Chn Global Rxn Set trong
Reaction Set. ng ca s.
6. Nhp p vo Recycle v t cc tham s trong Parameter/Tolerance
tt c bng 1.
7. Trong u bi gi s rng qu trnh tch l trit , ethyl_chloride
thu c trong sn phm y thp c tinh khit 100%, cn ba cu t
khc trong sn phm nh thp. Trong trng hp ny s s dng
Component Splitter. khai bo thng tin ny, nhp p vo
219
Component Splitter chn Splits page ca Design tab, in gi tr 0

cho ClC 2 v 1 cho ba cu t cn li.
8. M Workbook. Kim tra h n v o ang hin th l h n v
SI. Nu khng, c th thay i h n v o bng cch bm v o
Tools/Preferences/Variables. Chn h SI, bm phm Clone v thay i
cc n v trong h nu thy cn thit thun tin cho vic tnh ton.
9. in vo Workbook cc iu kin u bi cho, bt u t Feed
Stream: temperature (25 o C), pressure (1 atm), v molar flow (100
kgmole/hr). Nhp p vo 100 (molar flow rate), in thnh phn cc cu
t. ng ca s.
10. Tip tc in vo Workbook dng R* c lu lng dng bng 0, cc
iu kin v thnh phn cu t nh dng nguyn liu feed, khi ng
tnh ton qu trnh. in cc gi tr temperature (25o C) cho cc dng S3,
S4, v P. in gi tr pressure (1 atm) cho cc dng S4 v P.
11. Khai bo gi tr molar flow rate cho dng W l 10 kgmole/hr.
12. By gi c th m Workbook c kt qu tnh ton.
R
R*
Hnh 7.3. PFD qu trnh sn xut etyl clorua t etylen v HCl
220
7.3
Qu trnh oxi ho Etylen

Qu trnh sn xut etylen oxit c thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Dng nguyn liu bao gm kh etylen (63% mol) v O2 tinh khit (37%
mol) 20oC v 303 kPa, c a vo h thng thit b phn ng oxi ho vi
lu lng dng l 120 kmol/h cng vi dng hi lu kh/dng hi (c xc
nh bi UNISIM). Phn ng c tin hnh vi xc tc rn v trong iu kin
ng nhit 230oC. Dng nguyn liu phi c gia nhit pre-heated ti
230oC trc khi a vo thit b phn ng oxi ho.
Phn ng c tnh chn lc kh cao, nhng li i kem vi phn ng ph t
chy etylen trn xc tc. H s t lng ca cc phn ng nh sau:
Phn ng chn lc
C2H4 + 0,5O2
Phn ng ph
C 2H 4 +
C2H4O
3O2 2CO2
+ 2H2O
Trong phn ng chn lc, oxy l cht phn ng chnh (key reactant) c s
xc nh chuyn ho, l 80%, trong khi phn ng ph th chuyn ho
ca oxy ch c 19%. gim p trong thit b phn ng l 70 kPa.
Dng sn phm nng c lm lnh ti -1o C (trong thc t s chnh lch
nhit rt ln nh th ny ch c th c c bng cch trao i trc tip, tc
l bng h thng ti). gim p ti Condenser l 50 kPa. Vi iu kin
nh vy, dng sn phm c phn hi (vapour fraction) l 0.8 v bt u c
thu hi bng cch ngng t etylen oxit. Dng sn phm lnh c a ti thp
tch 3-phase separator v pha lng nh c tch ra khi cht lng nng v
pha hi. UNISIM thng nc trong pha lng nng, cn cc dng khc
khng c nc.
Pha hi giu etylen nhng vn cha mt t etylen oxit. V vy hi d ny s
c tip tc lm lnh ti 30o C lm gim phn hi ( gim p khi qua
lm lnh l 10 kPa) v dng lnh c dn ti thp tch 2 phase separator
(flash drum). Dng lng giu etylen oxit c trn vi dng hu c-nc
(organic-aqueous) t y thp tch 3-phase separator (p sut ca dng tng
ly theo dng c p sut thp nht) v hn hp c a ti thp chng luyn.
Thp chng luyn c ngng t mt phn (Partial Condenser) v sn phm l
dng etylen oxit tinh khit (>99% mol). Dng hi t nh thp tch hai pha
(flash drum) c qua van iu chnh gim ti 101 kPa trc khi a ti
Component Splitter (l thp m c m alumina c bit hp ph CO 2/O2
221
t dng kh, cn ethylene v ethylene oxide khng b hp ph s tip tc c

dn i. Trong thc t thit b ny l thp hp ph c van xoay, ti CO 2/O2
c ra sch khi nh hp ph nhit cao v p sut thp). Dng kh hu c
giu etylen c nn ti 303 kPa v c tun hon li trn vi dng nguyn
liu phn ng. Trong UNISIM yu cu s dng cng c Recycle m phng
qu trnh c tun hon hn hp kh cha phn ng. Cng c ny s tnh ton
lu lng dng tun hon. Thng thng khi Recycle c ci t, ban u lu
lng dng bng 0 v cha bit. Sau UNISIM s tnh ton gi tr chnh xc
bng php tnh lp.
Thc hin m phng
S dng UNISIM to flowsheet m phng qu trnh. i vi bi tp ny
s dng cc thng tin sau kt hp vi cc thng tin c cung cp trn:
1. S dng NRTL activity model cho pha lng v SRK EOS cho pha hi.
2. S dng Conversion Reactor trong UNISIM m phng
3. Column c partial condenser v 12 a, a tip liu l a th 6.
4. Column c p sut condenser 101 kPa v reboiler 160 kPa.
5. Tnh ton thp theo phng php ln lt theo tng a, khai bo cc
tham s ban u nh sau:
a. Ton b nc trong sn phm lng (mole fraction bng 1)
b. Trong sn phm lng nh thp c 90% etylen oxit (0.9 mol frac).
y l sn phm chnh ca cng ngh.
c. Trong sn phm kh nh thp c 90% etylen (0.90 mol frac). Kim
tra chc chn rng degree of freedom bng 0.
6. Vi component splitter, s dng cc thng tin sau:
a. Overhead Pressure 101 kPa
b. Overhead Vapor fraction 1
c. Bottoms Pressure 101 kPa
d. Bottoms Vapor fraction 1.
7. Vi Recycle, flowrate ban u bng 0. UNISIM s tnh ton gi tr
chnh xc bng php tnh lp.
8. M Workbook c kt qu tnh ton.
222
7.4
Qu trnh chng tch hn hp hydrocacbon nh
Chng tch hn hp c 5 parafin thnh phn on nh v phn on nng

bng cch s dng thp chng c 12 a l thuyt, ngng t hi lu hon ton,
v c reboiler. Dng nguyn liu c lu lng 1000 lbmol/h, cha (%mol) 3%
etan, 20% propan, 37% n-butan, 35% n-pentan, v 5% n-hexan, 225 oF v 250
psi, c a vo thp chng ti a s 7 tnh t trn nh xung. p sut
condenser l 248 psi, p sut reboiler l 252 psi. Tnh ton s b yu cu t s
hi lu l 6.06 v sn phm hi nh thp l 226 lbmol/h. Yu cu trong sn
phm nh propan 191 lbmol/h, trong sn phm y butan 365 lbmol/h.
Thc hin m phng
1. Khi ng UNISIM v chn SRK cho Fluid Package. M ca s
Component v nhp cc cu t. ng ca s Fluid Package.
2. Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment v chn Distillation Column
trong Object Palette v a vo Process Flow Diagram (PFD). Nhp
p vo Distillation Column, v in tn cc dng nng lng
Condenser l C-Duty, nng lng Reboiler l R-Duty, cho dng nguyn
liu l F, cho dng Distillate l D v cho dng Bottom l B. in s a
l 12, a np liu l a 7. Chn Condenser type l Full Reflux. Bm
phm Next>.
3. in p sut Condenser v Reboiler nh u bi cho. Bm Next>.
4. in nhit gi nh cho Condenser l 100oF, cho Reboiler l 240oF,
UNISIM s tnh ton gi tr nhit chnh xc. Bm phm Next>.
5. in gi tr u bi cho Vapour Rate l 226 lbmole/h v Reflux
Ratio l 6.06. Bm phm Done.
6. Chuyn sang Worksheet tab v in gi tr tham s ca dng F nh u
bi cho. ng ca s ny li.
7. Nhp p vo biu tng thp chng trong PFD. Bm phm Run. Nu
cc bc trn thc hin ng thp s hi t. c kt qu tnh ton.
8. Trong u bi yu cu bo m thu hi propan trong sn phm nh phi
l 191 lbmole/h v butan trong sn phm y l 365 lbmole/h. By gi
m Monitor page v bm phm Add Spec pha di ca s. Chn
Column Component Flow v in gi tr cho dng sn phm nh D
223
vo ca s hin th. ng ca s. Lp li tng t cho dng sn phm

y B.
9. Sau khi thm cc tham s cho dng, danh sch cc tham s c kch
hot c cp nht trong Monitor page, hai tham s mi c kch
hot v hai tham s khc c b kch hot, m bo bc t do bng 0.
10. M Workbook c kt qu tnh ton.
7.5
Qu trnh tng hp Ethylene Glycol (EG) t Ethylene

Qu trnh tng hp Ethylene Glycol t Ethylene xy ra qua hai giai on.
Giai on 1: to Ethylene Oxide:
CH2=CH2 + 1/2O2 CH2OCH2 vi chuyn ha theo Ethylene l 60%.
Ngoi ra cn c phn ng chy ca Ethylene vi chuyn ha theo

Ethylene l 30%.
Giai on 2: to Ethylene Glycol t Ethylene Oxide:
CH2OCH2 + H2O C 2H4(OH)2.
Nng lng hot ha ca phn ng l E=5e4 kJ/kgmole. Hng s Arrhenius
l 5e6. Coi nh khng xy ra cc phn ng to Di, TriEthylene Glycol.
Hn hp Ethylene ( tinh khit 98%, cn li Methane), khng kh (21%O2 ,
79%N2 ) ti 25oC, 2MPa vi lu lng Ethylene 150 kgmole/h v lu lng
khng kh 10 tn/h, c gia nhit s b ln 150oC ri a vo thit b phn
ng. Thit b phn ng on nhit c duy tr trong khong nhit t 200
300oC, p sut 2 MPa. Mt phn hn hp sau phn ng c tun hon vo
thit b phn ng. Phn hn hp cn li cung c gim p, lm lnh xung
200 kPa, 30o C ri vo thit b tng hp Ethylene Glycol loi thng c khuy.
Dng nc 30o C, 200 kPa, lu lng nc 980 kgmole/h, cung c a
vo thit b phn ng loi khuy lin tc vi th tch 5m3 , in y 80%, lm
vic ti 65oC, 200 kPa. Sn phm nh a qua thit b tch hon ton thnh 3
dng: Ethylene, Ethylene Oxide v nc cha phn ng, kh thi. Kh nng
phn tch ca thit b ny cho dng Ethylene l 99% C 2H4 ; cho dng Ethylene
Oxide l 98% Ethylene Oxide, 89% nc. Thit b lm vic p sut 200 kPa.
Sn phm phn ng t y CSTR c chuyn vo thp chng ct. Thp chng
224
ct lm vic p sut nh v y l 20 v 30 kPa. Sn phm thu c c

tinh khit 99.9% c chuyn v thng cha.
Trnh t m phng
1. S dng fluid package UNIQUAC.
2. Giai on 1 s dng thit b phn ng Conversion.
3. Sn phm phn ng a qua b chia dng. Mt phn tun hon tr li
thit b phn ng Conversion, mt phn qua Expander, qua Cooler ri
a vo thit b tng hp EG. S dng Adjust khng ch t l chia
dng tun hon m bo nhit phn ng c duy tr trong khong
200 300o C.
4. Giai on 2 s dng thit b phn ng loi thng khuy lin tc CSTR.
Dng sn phm sau phn ng c Ethylene Oxide cng vi dng nc
c a vo thit b CSTR.
5. S dng cng c Component Splitter tch thnh 3 dng: dng
Ethylene cho tun hon v thit b phn ng Conversion, dng EO v
nc cha phn ng cho tun hon v thit b phn ng CSTR, cn li
l dng kh thi Vent cha ch yu l nit.
6. Sn phm phn ng t y thit b phn ng CSTR a sang chng ct
nhn sn phm.
7. Xc nh cc thng s c bn ca thp chng bng cng c Shortcut
Distillation theo cc s liu u bi cho.
8. Thc t, dng nguyn liu ban u c gia nhit s b bng phn sn
phm ra khi thit b phn ng Conversion. Xy dng lu trnh c tn
dng nhit.
9. Thc hin tun hon li hn hp cha phn ng.
10. Tnh cn bng vt liu v cn bng nng lng ton cng ngh.
7.6
Qu trnh tng hp Maleic Anhydride (MA) t Benzene
Benzene, khng kh (21%O 2, 79%N2) ban u 25oC, 1 atm vi lu lng

ln lt l 2 v 200 kgmole/h c nng nhit, nng p n 700o C, 1.5 bar ri
i vo thit b phn ng dng lin tc PFR. ng hc cc phn ng xy ra
trong thit b phn ng c a ra trong bng di y:
225
Phn ng
Hng s
Arrhenius
Ea
(kcal/kgmole)
C6H6 + 9/2O2 C4H2O3 + 2CO2 + 2H2O
4300
25000
C4H2O3 + 3O2 4CO2 + H2O
70000
30000
C6H6 + 15/2O2 6CO2 + 3H2O
26
21000
Thit b phn ng PFR c dng ng c ng knh 1 3m, chiu di ng

trong khong 5 15m. Hn hp sn phm sau phn ng c lm lnh v a
sang thp tch pha tch trn 95% MA dng lng. Sn phm nh thp tch
pha c chuyn sang thp hp th bng nc, thp c 10 a, lm vic 25o C,
1.45 bar. Sn phm lng t y thp tch pha cha trn 95% MA a vo a
19 thp chng ct. Sn phm lng t y thp hp th a vo a 12 thp
chng ct. Thp chng gm 24 a, p sut nh 7 kPa; p sut y thp 10
kPa. a np liu 12 v 19. Sn phm t tinh khit trn 99%. MA thu c
chuyn v thng cha.
Kh t nh thp chng v nh thp hp th c a sang thp tch hon
ton benzene v tun hon li benzene cha phn ng. Thp tch lm vic p
sut 1 at, nhit y 90o C. Sn phm y thp tch cha benzene v H2O
c a vo thp chng ct tch nc khi benzene. Thp gm 5 a, np liu
a 2, p sut nh 1 bar, y thp 1.013 bar. tinh khit Benzene thu c
99% c tun hon tr v.
Trnh t m phng
1. S dng h nhit ng Antoine. Ch th t u tin xy ra cc phn
ng trong thit b phn ng.
2. Thit lp thit b phn ng loi dng y PFR c chiu di l 14 m,
ng knh 2 m.
3. nh gi cc yu t nh hng n lng MA trong hn hp nhn c
sau phn ng.
4. S dng cng c Adjust iu chnh nhit lm lnh hn hp sau
phn ng. Xc nh nhit lm lnh hn hp sn phm sau phn ng
sau thp tch thu c phn lng cha 96% MA.
5. S dng cng c Adiust iu chnh lu lng nc cn thit a vo
thp hp th loi hon ton CO 2 khi hn hp kh t thp tch pha
226
(trong sn phm y thp hp th khng cn CO2 ). Xc nh lng

nc cn thit ti vo thp hp th.
6. Thp chng c Condenser hi lu hon ton v Reboiler c s dng
tinh ch sn phm MA trn 99%, vi cc tham s cho trong bi.
7. S dng cng c Component Splitter thc hin tch hon ton
benzene cha phn ng t hn hp kh t nh thp chng v nh thp
hp th.
8. Thp chng c Condenser hi lu hon ton v Reboiler c s dng
tch nc khi benzene, vi cc tham s cho trong bi.
10. Tun hon li Benzene cha phn ng, m bo t l benzene vo thit
b phn ng chim 3% khi lng. S dng cng c Adjust iu
chnh lu lng Benzene b sung.
7.7
Qu trnh tng hp Styrene t Ethyl Benzene (EB)
Dng EthylBenzene nguyn liu c nhit 310K, p sut 137.8kPa, lu

lng 500 kgmole/h, c gia nhit ln 780K ri i vo thit b phn ng PFR.
Trong thit b phn ng xy ra phn ng Dehydro ha.
C 6H 5C 2H 5
C6H5CH=CH2
+ H2
Cc tham s ng hc ca phn ng A=4.2e3, E=9.1e4kJ/kgmole

Basis: Partial, Rxn Phase: Vapour, Rate Units: gmole/L-s
Cc thng s ca thit b phn ng PFR nh sau:
DeltaP = 15kPa, Diameter = 0.5m, Length = 3.0m. Thit b phn ng lm
vic ch ng nhit.
Trnh t m phng
1. S dng h nhit ng Peng - Robinson
2. Thit lp thit b phn ng PFR, lu thc hin iu kin ng nhit.
3. Xc nh chuyn ha ca phn ng bng bao nhiu?
4. nh gi nh hng ca nhit phn ng, chiu di ng phn ng n
chuyn ha ca phn ng.
227
5. Tinh ch sn phm v tun hon EB cha phn ng: tch H 2 khi hn

hp sau phn ng, sau tng p ln 400kPa v gim nhit ti 80o C,
ri a vo thp chng luyn tch EB cha phn ng.
Tnh ton cc thng s ca thp chng vi p sut Pnh=380kPa,

Py=420kPa, yu cu tinh khit ca sn phm Styrene thu c
phi t trn 99%.
Tnh ton nhit ca dng trc khi vo thp tch pha sao cho trn
nh thp ch thu c H2
6. Tnh cn bng vt liu v cn bng nng lng ca ton qu trnh.
7.8
Qu trnh tng hp Amoniac
Thit b phn ng PFR c ng knh 3m gm 3 r xc tc ni tip nhau c

chiu di ln lt l: 1 m, 1.2 m, 1.3 m. Dng nguyn liu c nhit 300o C,
p sut 1.6e4kPa, lu lng 1.86e6 kg/h, thnh phn mole:
Methane
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Argon
0.02
0.72
0.24
0.02
Dng nguyn liu c chia ra thnh 3 dng c lu lng bng nhau ri i

vo cc r xc tc ca thit b phn ng. Tng tn tht p sut ca thit b phn
ng l 45kPa c chia u cho 3 r xc tc. Khi i vo thit b phn ng, xy
ra phn ng tng hp NH 3:
N2 + 3H2
2NH3
vi A = 10000, E = 91000 kJ/kgmole, A' = 1.3e10, E' = 1.41e5 kJ/kgmole.

Hn hp thu c sau phn ng c nhit 553.9oC, p sut 1.496e4kPa
c tng p ln 1.65e4kPa ri lm lnh xung ti -39.95oC v i vo thp tch
pha thu NH3.
Trnh t m phng
1. S dng h nhit ng EOS Peng - Robinson.
2. S dng ba thit b dng y PFR m phng ba r xc tc.
228
3. nh gi nh hng ca nhit dng nguyn liu v chiu di r xc

tc u tin ti chuyn ha ca phn ng xy ra trong r xc tc u
tin
4. nh gi nh hng ca t l chia dng tun hon phn ng ti hiu
sut ca qu trnh theo Nitrogen.
5. nh gi nh hng ca nhit dng nguyn liu ti hiu sut qu
trnh tnh theo N2
6. Ti u ha nhit , p sut dng nguyn liu, t l chia dng nguyn
liu, t l chia dng tun hon hiu sut ca qu trnh l ln nht.
7.9
Qu trnh c c dung dch

H thng c c c s dng rt ph bin trong cng ngh ho hc. Hn
hp cht tan khng bay hi (v d ng, mui,) ho tan trong dung mi d

bay hi (v d nc) c c c bng cch cp nhit. Trong h thng c c
nhiu ni, dung mi bay hi t ni c c th nht s c ngng t, nhit
ngng t c s dng cp nhit cho ni c c tip theo. iu c ngha
l ni c c th hai phi lm vic nhit v p sut thp hn ni th nht.
Dung dch ng sucrose trong nc c nng 30% theo khi lng. Lu
lng dng dung dch a vo h thng c c l 50 kg/h. H thng c c
gm c ba ni c c, lm vic p sut 101,3 kPa. Dung dch sn phm c
nng sucrose yu cu l 85%. Xy dng lu trnh cng ngh v xc nh
nng lng cn cung cp cho h thng.
Trong lu trnh cng ngh c s dng cc cng c m phng sau:
3 ni c c c m phng bng 3 Separator
3 thit b lm lnh c m phng bng 3 Cooler
2 cng c logic Set iu chnh nhit dng sn phm
1 cng c logic Adjust iu chnh lng nhit cp cho ni c c th
nht m bo dng sn phm cui cng ca h thng c c t nng
sucrose yu cu l 85% theo khi lng.
229
Sau khi hon thnh m phng, lu trnh cng ngh ca qu trnh c c

ng sucrose s c chuyn sang dng template c th s dng trong m
phng cc h thng c c khc.
Trnh t m phng
1. La chn h nhit ng l Wilson/Ideal. Mt iu cn lu l
Wilson/Ideal equation s khng ph hp trong trng hp tnh ton cn
bng lng - lng.
2. Chuyn sang Binary Coefficients page. Khi ny cc h s tng tc bc
hai Aij v B ij u cha c gi tr c th, trong cc u l <empty>. Cn
phi xc nh cc h s ny nhn gi tr 0 bng cch tr li OK vi
thng bo c hin th, gi tr 0 s t ng c in vo bng cc h
s tng tc bc hai.
3. Thit lp dng nguyn liu Feed c thnh phn 30% theo khi lng
sucrose trong nc, p sut 101.3 kPa, lu lng 50 kg/h.
4. Thit lp dng hi nc Stream gia nhit cho ni c c u tin,
Vapour Fraction = 1, p sut dng hi nc 275 kPa.
5. Khi to thp tch pha Effect-1 m phng ni c c th nht, dng
Feed a vo thp v nhn c dng sn phm hi t nh l V1 v
dng sn phm lng l L1.
6. Khi to thit b lm lnh Cooler-1 c Delta P = 0 kPa, dng nng
lng q1, dng hi nc Stream qua Cooler-1 ngng t thnh
Condensate c Vapour Fraction = 0, gi tr q1 = 2.42e4 kJ/h c s
dng gia nhit cho ni c c th nht Effect-1.
7. Tng t, khi to thit b lm lnh Cooler-2 c Delta P = 0 kPa, c
s dng ngng t dng hi nc V1 t nh ni c c th nht
Effect-1, nhn c dng dng nng lng q2. Gi tr ca dng nng
lng q2 bng bao nhiu?
8. Tng t, khi to thp tch pha Effect-2 m phng ni c c th
hai, nguyn liu vo thp l dng lng t thp th nht L1, dng sn
phm l V2 v L2. Nng lng cp cho thp l dng q2. Lu : xo
Delta P ca thp. Ti sao cn xo Delta P, lm g?
230
9. Khi to Set-1 thit lp mi quan h gia nhit dng L2 phi thp

hn nhit dng Condensate sau Cooler-2 l C2 l 3oC c th s
dng q2 cp nhit cho ni c c th hai Effect-2.
10. Tng t, khi to Cooler-3, Effect-3 (nh xo Delta P) v Set-2.
11. Khi to Adjust thc hin iu chnh dng nng lng q1 cp cho
Effect-1 sao cho dng sn phm cui cng L3 cn 15% nc (theo khi
lng). S dng Method Secant vi Step Size l 2000 kJ/h.
12. Sau khi hon thnh m phng, c kt qu tnh ton: Nng lng cn
phi cp cho Effect-1 l bao nhiu nng Sucrose trong sn phm
t 85%? C th thu c dung dch c nng Sucrose cao nht l
bao nhiu? Trng hp no th UNISIM khng tnh ton c, case
khng hi t? Ti sao?
PFD Chng 7
7.3 Qu trnh oxi ho Etylen
231
7.4 Qu trnh chng tch hn hp hydrocacbon nh
232
7.5 Qu trnh tng hp Ethylene Glycol (EG) t Ethylene
7.6 Qu trnh tng hp Maleic Anhydride (MA) t Benzene
233
7.7 Qu trnh tng hp Styrene t Ethyl Benzene (EB)
7.8 Qu trnh tng hp Amoniac
234
7.9 Qu trnh c c dung dch
235
GII NGHA MT S CM T TING ANH

TRONG M PHNG
Binary Interaction Parameters (BIP) - H s tng tc bc hai

Case tn gi chung mt bi m phng.
Case Studies cng c c s dng nghin cu cc thng s cng ngh,
cc tnh cht ca dng nguyn liu,
Converged hi t, thng bo cho bit qu trnh tnh ton hon thnh.
Databook bng tm tt cc d liu.
Dynamic Modelling m phng ng, m phng thit b hoc cng ngh ang
trong qu trnh vn hnh lin tc c s thay i ca cc thng s
cng ngh theo thi gian.
Flowsheet lu trnh, biu din s cng ngh c m phng trong PFD.
Fluid Package h nhit ng.
Heat Exchanger Design (End Point Model) M hnh thit k m phng thit
b trao i nhit tuyn tnh, U = const, C p = const.
Heat Exchanger Design (Weighted Model) M hnh thit k m phng thit
b trao i nhit phi tuyn, ngc chiu.
Heat Exchanger Duty Q = UADT LMF t Nhit nng trao i trong thit b trao
i nhit c tnh theo cng thc, trong :
U Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient - h s truyn nhit chung;
A Surface Area available for Heat Transfer - din tch b mt truyn nhit;
UA the proportionality factor - tch s UA l h s t l (h s trao i nhit);
DTLM log mean temperature difference (LMTD) - logarit chnh lch nhit .
Ft LMTD correction factor - h s hiu chnh.
Hypothetical Component cu t gi c xy dng theo cc gi thit.
Object Palette bng c biu tng cc cng c m phng.
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) s cng ngh c m phng trong mi
trng m phng.
Pressure Drop gim p.
236
Reactor Continuously Stirred Tank (CSTR) thit b phn ng khuy lin tc

(thit b phn ng khuy l tng).
Reactor Plug Flow (PFR) thit b phn ng dng y (thit b phn ng y
l tng).
Simulation Basis Manager Giao din qun l c s m phng, c s dng
khi la chn cu t, h nhit ng, h phn ng, n v o,
Simulation Enviroment mi trng thc hin m phng PFD.
Steady State Modelling m phng tnh, nghin cu m phng qu trnh cng ngh.
Subflowsheet lu trnh con (ca thp chng luyn, thp hp th,).
Water Gas Shift (WGS) phn ng chuyn ho CO thnh CO 2 bng hi nc.
Workbook bng tm tt cc tham s ca dng (tng t Worksheet).
Worksheet bng tm tt cc tham s ca dng (tng t Workbook).
237
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. J.R.Elliott and C.T.Lira. (1999) Introduction to Chemical Engineering

Thermodynamics. Prentice Hall.
2. R. Perry, (2005) Engineers Handbook of Chemical Engineering, Mc. GrawHill Book Company Inc.
3. Seider W.D., Seader I.D., Lewin D.R. (2003) Product and Process Design
Principles. Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. Second Edition. WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
4. A.C. Dimian and C.S Bildea (2008) Chemical Process Design - ComputerAided Case Studies. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
5. Anu Maria (1997) Introduction to Modeling and Simulation. Proceeding of
the 1997 Winter Simulation Conference ed. S. Andradottir, K.J. Healy, D.H.
Withers, and B.L. Nelson. NY:IEEE. 7-13.
6. UNISIM Steady State Modeling Documents.
7. Mohd Kamarudin Abd Hamid. (2007) HYSYS: An Introduction to Chemical
Engineering Simulation. Jonor, Malaysia.
238

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NGUYN TH MINH HIN

Nhm M phng Cng ngh Ha hc v Du kh

hc, khi UNISIM nh mt cng c m phng gii quyt cc vn cng

GII THIU V M PHNG ...................................... 3

Gii thiu cc phn mm m phng cng ngh ha hc ..................... 5

Phn mm m phng UNISIM DESIGN ........................................... 6

PHNG TRNH TRNG THI ............................... 27

Phng trnh trng thi Cc biu thc ton hc............................. 28

Thc hin m phng ....................................................................... 28

Nhp thm bin trong Workbook ..................................................... 31

S dng Case Studies ...................................................................... 34

Thay i Fluid Package ................................................................... 37

Tuc bin gin n kh (Expander) ..................................................... 51

Thit b trao i nhit ...................................................................... 55

Thp tch pha ................................................................................. 58

CC THIT B PHN NG ...................................... 87

Thit b phn ng chuyn ho ......................................................... 88

Thit b phn ng cn bng ............................................................. 96

Thit b phn ng Gibbs ................................................................ 106

Thit b phn ng khuy lin tc (CSTR) ...................................... 112

Thit b phn ng dng y (PFR)................................................. 127

CC CNG C TNH TON .................................. 136

Cng c logic Adjust ..................................................................... 137

Cng c logic Set .......................................................................... 140

Cng c logic Recycle ................................................................... 144

Phn chia dng cc cu t bng Component Splitter ...................... 150

Bng tnh (Spreadsheet) ................................................................ 153

Tm tt v n tp chng 5 ........................................................... 184

CC M HNH PHN TCH .................................. 186

Thp hp th ................................................................................. 187

Thp chng luyn ......................................................................... 196

M PHNG MT S QU TRNH CNG NGH

Qu trnh dehydro ho n-Heptan sn xut Toluen .......................... 216

Qu trnh hydroclo ho etylen ....................................................... 218

Qu trnh oxi ho Etylen ............................................................... 221

Qu trnh chng tch hn hp hydrocacbon nh ............................ 223

Qu trnh tng hp Ethylene Glycol (EG) t Ethylene ................... 224

Qu trnh tng hp Maleic Anhydride (MA) t Benzene ............... 225

Qu trnh tng hp Styrene t Ethyl Benzene (EB) ........................ 227

Qu trnh tng hp Amoniac ......................................................... 228

Qu trnh c c dung dch ............................................................ 229

PFD Chng 7 ........................................................................................ 231

GII NGHA MT S CM T TING ANH TRONG M PHNG

Chng 1. GII THIU V M PHNG

M phng Simulation l phng php m hnh ho da trn vic thit

Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng ngh phn mm tin hc, s ra i ca

Th vin c s d liu (cc h nhit ng, cc cu t bao gm cc tnh

Cc cng c m phng cho cc thit b c th c trong h thng cng

Cc cng c m phng cc qu trnh iu khin (iu khin nhit ,

Chng trnh iu hnh chung ton b hot ng ca cc cng c m

Chng trnh x l thng tin: lu tr, xut, nhp, in d liu v kt

H tr vic kt ni gia cc chng trnh m phng khc nhau, kt ni

Gii thiu cc phn mm m phng cng ngh ha hc

M phng cc qu trnh cng ngh ha hc v cng ngh ch bin du kh,

t i tn thnh AspenTech. AspenTech pht trin mt lot cc sn phm

Phn mm m phng UNISIM DESIGN

UNISIM DESIGN l sn phm ca cng ty Honeywell-UOP. UNISIM l

ni bt ca UNISIM l t ng tnh ton cc thng s cn li nu thit lp

Trnh t thc hin m phng theo cc bc sau y:

Hnh 1.1. Giao din m u xut hin khi khi ng UNISIM

Components tab s dng khi nhp cc cu t

Fluid Pkgs tab s dng khi chn H Nhit ng (Fluid Package)

Hypotheticals s dng khi thit lp cc cu t gi nh