1.

CHUYN : LU HUNH V HP CHT

I/. KIN THC C BN.
1/. c im cu to.
Nguyn t S thuc chu k 3, nhm VIA, c 6e ngoi cng 3s 23p4
D nhn 2e, th hin tnh oxi ha, c bit khi S phn ng vi kim loi mnh (Na 2S)
Gp chung 2e to 2 lin kt cng ha tr, khi S phn ng vi phi kim (H 2S)
S cng c th to thm 2 lin kt cho nhn sau khi gp chung 2e vi nguyn t khc (SO 3, H2SO4), trong trng
hp ny, S c s oxi ha dng.
2/. Tnh oxi ha kh ca S v SO2.
S hay SO2 cha S mang s oxi ha trung gian nn va c tnh oxi ha (khi tc dng vi cht kh), va th hin
tnh kh (khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha).
Tnh oxi ha
Tnh kh
S
S oxi ha khi loi (tr Au, Pt) thnh sunfua
kim loi ha tr thp. Fe + S FeS
S + O2 SO2
S oxi ha phi kim c m in km hn S
S + 2H2SO4 3SO2 + 2H2O
350o
S + 6HNO3 H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O

(tr N2, I2). S + H

H2S
2
450o
3S + KClO3 2SO2 + 2KCl
o
2S + C t
CS2 (lng)
SO2 SO2 + 2H2 S + 2H2O
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HCl
SO2 + 2CO S + 2CO2
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 +
SO2 + 2Mg S + 2MgO
H2SO4
SO2 + NO2 SO3 + NO
3/. Tnh kh ca H2S
Trong H2S, S c s oxi ha -2, thp nht nn th hin tnh kh khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha nh O 2, Cl2, SO2,
KMnO4, FeCl3, K2Cr2O4.
(1) H2S + O2 S + H2O
(4) 2H2S + 3O2(d) 2SO2 + 2H2O
(2) H2S + Cl2 S + 2HCl
(5) 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O
(3) H2S + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
(6) 5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5S +
8H2O
4/. Tnh oxi ha ca H2SO4
Tc nhn
Tc dng vi
Sn phm
OXH
H2SO4 long
Do H+
Kim loi trc H
Mui sunfat (tan) + H2
Kim loi mnh hn Fe
Sunfat kim loi + (SO2, S, H2S) + H2O
2
Fe
v
kim
loi
yu
hn
Sunfat kim loi + SO2 + H2O
SO
H2SO4 c, nng Do
4
Phi kim (C, S, P)
Oxit axit hay oxiaxit + SO2 + H2O
Ch : Fe, Al, Cr: khng tc dng vi H2SO4 c ngui.
Cc hp cht ca kim loi c ha tr thp cng b H 2SO4 c oxi hA.
2FeO + 4H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
2FeS + 10H2SO4 () Fe2(SO4)3 + 9SO2 + 10H2O
Nhn bit gc SO24 : dng ion Ba2+ (Ba(NO3)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 hoc BaCl2)
II/. KIN THC B SUNG.
Gii ton lin quan n lu hunh v hp cht
1/. Nhn bit: SO2: lm phai mu dung dch KMnO4 hay dung dch Br2
SO2 tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 to kt ta BaSO3 tan trong dung dch HCl cn SO3 tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 to kt ta
BaSO4 khng tan trong dung dch HCl.
H2S to kt ta en vi dung dch mui kim loi nng
CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl
2/. Sunfua kim loi: Tan trong nc gm sunfua kim loi kim, BaS, CaS, SrS, MgS.
Khng tan trong nc, tan trong HCl: sunfua kim loi trc Pb (trong dy hhh).
Khng tan trong HCl, tan trong HNO3: CuS, Ag2S, PbS.
Sunfua kim loi + O2 oxit kim loi (ha tr cao) + SO2
o
Kim loi (trc Pb) + S t
hn hp rn +HCl phn khng tan l S d
HA. THVT

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3/. Oxi ha SO2 bng oxi

Gi mt v ms ln lt l khi lng hn hp trc v sau phn ng

m =m
Bo ton khi lng n t >n s M t < M s
t
s
dt <ds
Vi M : Phn t khi trung bnh, d: t khi hn hp, n: s mol hn hp kh.
nsp (thc te)
n chatthgia (aphan ng)

Hiu sut phn ng: h =

nsp (l thuyet)
n chatthgia (toia)
* Nu

nSO

nO

2 SO2 d vahie
u sua
t tnh theo O2

* Nu

nSO

nO

2 O2 d vahie
u sua
t tnh theo SO2

4. H2S, SO2 tc dng vi dung dch bazo: Xt mui to thnh da vo t l: n OH- : nkh (tng t kh CO2).
5. Gii nhanh bi tp H2SO4.
Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi mt dung dch acid acid H 2SO4 c nng cho
sn phm l kh SO2 (kh mi sc), S (kt ta mu vng), hoc kh H 2S (kh mi trng thi).
Khi gp bi tp dng ny cn lu :
- Kim loi c nhiu s oxy ha khc nhau khi phn ng vi dung dch acid H2SO4 c nng s t s oxy
ha cao nht.
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi H2SO4 c nng (tr Pt, Au) khi S+6 trong H2SO4 c nng b
kh v cc mc oxy ha thp hn trong nhng sn phm nh l kh SO2, H2S hoc S.
- Mt s kim loi nh Al, Fe, Cr, th ng trong H2SO4 c ngui.
p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta ghi cc bn phn ng (theo phng php thng bng in t hoc
phng php ion-electron). Gi ni, xi l ha tr cao nht v s mol ca kim loi th i; n j l s oxy ha ca S trong sn
phm kh th j v xj l s mol tng ng. Ta c:
Lin h gia s mol kim loi v sn phm kh:
ni.xi = nj.xj
Lin h gia H2SO4 v sn phm kh:
1
nH 2 SO4 s mol sn phm kh +
s mol electron nhn
2
1
1
nH SO nSO (6 4).nSO
nH SO nS (6 0).nS
Vi SO2:
Vi S:
2
2
1
nH SO nH S (6 2).nH S
Vi H2S:
2
1
* Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch: m mui = mkim loi+ mSO42 = mkim loi+ 96. e (trao i)
2
III/. BAI TAP VAN DUNG.
Cu 1. Cho cc cht sau: (1) kh clo; (2) kh oxi; (3) axit sunfuric c; (4) lu hunh ioxit; (5) lu hunh. Cht no
trong s cc cht trn va th hin tnh oxi ha va th hin tnh axit?
A. (1); (2); (3)
B. (1); (4); (5)
C. (2); (3); (4).
D. (1); (3); (4).
Cu 2. Hp th 8,96 lit kh SO2 (ktc) bng 300ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Mui no c to thnh sau phn ng?
A. Na2SO3.
B. Na2SO3 v NaHSO3.
C. NaHSO3 v SO2 d.
D. NaHSO3
Cu 3: Lu hunh ioxit c th tham gia phn ng: SO 2 + 2Mg -> 2MgO + S
SO2+ Br2 + H2O -> 2HBr +H2SO4. Tnh cht ca SO2 c din t ng nht l:
A. SO2 ch c tnh oxi ho.
B. SO2 ch c tnh kh.
C. SO2 va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
D. A, B, C u sai.
Cu 4: Xt s phn ng gia Mg v dung dch H 2SO4 c nng: Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + S + H2O
Tng h s cn bng (s nguyn) ca cc cht trong phn ng trn l
A. 15
B. 12
C. 14
D. 13
Cu 5: Hidr sunfua c tnh kh mnh l do trong hp cht H 2S lu hunh c s oxi ha:
A. Thp nht.
B. Cao nht.
C. Trung gian.
D. L do khc.
Cu 6. Cho cc cht: Cu, CuO, NaCl, Mg, KOH, C, Na2CO3, tng s cht va tc dng vi dung dch H 2SO4 long,
va tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 7. Dy cht gm nhng cht va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh l:
HA. THVT

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A. H2S, SO2
B. SO2, H2SO4
C. F2, SO2
D. S, SO2
Cu 8. Khng dng axit sunfuric c lm kh kh :
A. O3
B. Cl2
C. H2S
D. O2
Cu 9. Cho phng trnh phn ng: S + 2H2SO4 c, nng 3SO2 + 2H2O
Trong phn ng trn, t l gia s nguyn t lu hunh b kh v s nguyn t lu hunh b oxi ha l :
A. 1 : 2
B. 1 : 3
C. 3 : 1
D. 2 : 1
Cu 10. Hp th hon ton 12 gam lu hunh trioxit vo 100 gam nc. Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c
l
A. 12,00%
B. 10,71%
C. 13,13%
D. 14,7%
TS 2007. Cu 11. Khi ha tan hiroxit kim loi M(OH) 2 bng mt lng va dd H 2SO4 20% thu c
ddmui trung ho c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l: A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Mg.
Cu 12. SO2 lun th hin tnh kh trong cc phn ng vi
A. H2S, O2, nc Br2.
B. dung dch NaOH, O2, dung dch KMnO4.
C. dung dch KOH, CaO, nc Br2.
D. O2, nc Br2, dung dch KMnO4.
Cu 13. Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hh X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 long, thu c
1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dd cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,52.
B. 10,27.
C. 8,98.
D. 7,25.
TS 2008. Cu 14. Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng ha hc l
o
A. 3O2 + 2H2S t
2H2O + 2SO2.
B. FeCl2 + H2S FeS + 2HCl.
C. O3 + 2KI + H2O 2KOH + I2 + O2.
D. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O.
Cu 15. Trn 5,6 gam bt st vi 2,4 gam bt lu hunh ri nung nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu
c hn hp rn M. Cho M tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, gii phng hn hp kh X v cn li mt phn
khng tan G. t chy hon ton X v G cn va V lt kh O 2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,80.
B. 3,36.
C. 3,08.
D. 4,48.
Cu 16. Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu
c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 103,85 gam.
C. 25,95 gam.
D. 77,86 gam.
2009. Cu 17. phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l
A. nc brom.
B. CaO.
C. dung dch Ba(OH)2.
D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 18. Cht kh X tan trong nc to ra mt dd lm chuyn mu qu tm thnh v c th c dng lm cht
ty mu. Kh X l
A. NH3.
B. CO2.
C. SO2.
D. O3.
2007,KA. Cu 19. nhn bit ba axit c, ngui: HCl, H 2SO4, HNO3 ng ring bit trong ba l b mt nhn,
ta dng thuc th l
A. Fe.
B. CuO.
C. Al.
D. Cu.
Cu 20. Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dd H 2SO4 long (d), thu c dd X. Dd X phn ng va vi V ml dd KMnO 4
0,5M. Gi tr ca V l A. 80.
B. 40.
C. 20.
D. 60.
Cu 21. Cho m gam hh Mg, Al vo 250 ml dd X cha hh axit HCl 1M v axit H 2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 (
ktc) v dd Y (coi th tch dd khng i). dd Y c pH l
A. 1. B. 6. C. 7. D. 2.
Cu 22. Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hh gm Fe 2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn
ng, hh mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dd c khi lng l
A. 6,81 gam.
B. 4,81 gam.
C. 3,81 gam.
D. 5,81 gam.
2008 KA. Cu 23. Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch oxi bng cch
A. in phn nc
B. nhit phn Cu(NO3)2.
C. nhit phn KClO3 c xc tc MnO2.
D. chng ct phn on khng kh lng.
Cu 24. X l kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long, Y l kim loi tc dng c vi dung dch
Fe(NO3)3. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l (bit th t trong dy th in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A. Fe, Cu.
B. Cu, Fe.
C. Ag, Mg.
D. Mg, Ag.
2009,KA. Cu 25. Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H 2SO4 10%,
thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
A. 101,68 gam.
B. 88,20 gam.
C. 101,48 gam.
D. 97,80 gam.
Cu 26. Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra phn ng ho hc?
A. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch FeCl2. B. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuCl2.
C. Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2. D. Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
Cu 27. Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn hp rn (c cha mt oxit) nng
0,95m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t chy l
A. 95,00%.
B. 25,31%.
C. 74,69%.
D. 64,68%.
HA. THVT

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 2007, KB Cu 28. Trong phn ng t chy CuFeS2 to ra sn phm CuO, Fe2O3 v SO2 th mt phn t CuFeS2
s A. nhn 13 electron.
B. nhn 12 electron. C. nhng 13 electron. D. nhng 12 electron.
Cu 29. Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht).
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4.
B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4. D. 0,12 mol FeSO4.
Cu 30. C th phn bit 3 dung dch: KOH, HCl, H2SO4 (long) bng mt thuc th l
A. giy qu tm.
B. Zn.
C. Al.
D. BaCO3.
Cu 31. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 0,112 lt ( ktc) kh
SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht st l
A. FeS.
B. FeS2.
C. FeO
D. FeCO3.
2008KB. Cu 32. Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d).
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn
hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc phn
ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k)
A. a = 0,5b.
B. a = b.
C. a = 4b.
D. a = 2b.
Cu 33. Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc ln thu ngn
ri gom li l
A. vi sng.
B. ct.
C. mui n.
D. lu hunh.
2009KB. Cu 34. Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO.
B. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3.
D. Fe2O3.
Cu 35. Trn 100 ml dd hh gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dd hh gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M,
thu c dd X. dd X c pH l
A. 13,0.
B. 1,2.
C. 1,0.
D. 12,8.
Cu 36. Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau: KClO 3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3. Cht
to ra lng O2 ln nht l
A. KClO3.
B. KMnO4.
C. KNO3.
D. AgNO3.
Cu 37. C cc th nghim sau: (I) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui.
(II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. (III) Sc kh CO 2 vo nc Gia-ven.
(IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 38. Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dd H2SO4 c, nng thu c dd X v 3,248 lt kh SO2
(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dd X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 52,2.
B. 54,0.
C. 58,0.
D. 48,4.
Cu 39. ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon?
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n.
B. Cha su rng.
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.
D. St trng nc sinh hot.
Cu 40. Ha tan 2,4 g hn hp Cu v Fe c t l s mol 1:1 vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Kt thc phn ng thu
c 0,05 mol m t sn phm kh duy nht c cha lu hunh. Xc nh sn phm :
A. SO2
B. H2S
C. S
D. H2
Cu 41. Thi m t lung CO qua hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 nung nng c cht kh B v hn hp D gm Fe, FeO,
Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Cho B l i qua dung dch nc vi trong d thy to 6 gam kt ta. Ha tan D bng H2SO4 c,
nng thy to ra 0,18 mol SO2 cn dung dch E. C cn E thu c 24g mui khan. Xc nh thnh phn % ca
Fe:
A. 58,33%
B. 41,67%
C. 50%
D. 40%
Cu 42. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp hai kim loi Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c d thu c 6,72 lit kh SO2
(ktc). Khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u:
A. 2,7g; 5,6g
B. 5,4g; 4,8g
C. 9,8g; 3,6g
D. 1,35g; 2,4g
Cu 43. a gam b t st ngoi khng kh, sau m t thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi lng 75,2 gam
gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng thu c 6,72 lit
kh SO2( ktc). Khi lng a gam l:
A. 56g
B. 11,2g
C. 22,4g
D. 25,3g
Cu 44. Khi cho 9,6gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 m c thy c 49gamH2SO4 tham gia phn ng to
mui MgSO4, H2O v sn phm kh X. X l:
A. SO2
B. S
C. H2S
D. SO2,H2S
Cu 45. Ha tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c 0,55
mol SO2. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c l:
A. 51,8g
B. 55,2g
C. 69,1g
D. 82,9g
HA. THVT

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