Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long.

THPT Nam ng

HM S
A. S lc mt s tnh cht.
1) nh ngha mt hm s.
C php:
> f: = x > f (x) ;
* tnh gi tr hm s ti x = a ta dng lnh: > f(a); .
V d:
Xc nh hm s y = f ( x ) = x 2 - 3 x + 5 .
+Nhp vo Maple:
> f:= x -> x^2-3*x+5;

f := x x2 - 3 x + 5

1
2
+Tnh gi tr ca hm s khi x = -3; x = ; x = - .
3
5
> f(-3),f(1/3),f(-2/5);
23,

37 159
,
9 25

1 37
{ kt qu trn ta hiu: f ( -3) = 23; f = ; f
3 9
2) Xc nh hm s f t mt biu thc p(x).
C php:
> f: =unapply(p,x); .
V d:
Cho biu thc p ( x ) = sin 3 x - 2 x 2 .
+ Thnh lp hm s f da vo biu thc p:
> p:=sin(3*x)-2*x^2;
> f:=unapply(p,x);

p := sin( 3 x ) - 2 x 2
f := x sin( 3 x ) - 2 x 2

+ Tnh gi tr ca hm s f khi x =
> f(Pi/18);

2 159
}.
- =
5 25

p
:
18
1 p2
2 162

3) Hm s hp ca hm s f v hm s g {f(g(x))}.
C php:
> (f@g)(x); .
V d:
Cho hai hm s y = f ( x ) = x 2 ; y = g ( x ) = 2 x + 3 .
+ Nhp hai hm s trn vo Maple:

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

> f:=x->x^2;
g:=x->sqrt(2*x+3);
f := x x2
g := x

2x+3

+ Xc nh hm s hp h1 ( x ) = f ( g ( x ) ) :
> h1:=(f@g)(x);

h1 := 2 x + 3

+ Xc nh hm s hp h2 ( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) :
> h2:=(g@f)(x);
h2 := 2 x 2 + 3

4. Hm s f ( ) ( x ) _{f(f(f(x)), n ch f}.
C php :
> (f@@n)(x);.
n

V d:
Cho hm s: f ( x ) =

x
1 + x2

3
4
Tm cc hm s f ( f ( x ) ) ; f ( ) ( x ) ; f ( ) ( x ) .

+Nhp hm s f:
> f:=x->x/sqrt(1+x^2);
x

f := x

1 + x2

+Tm cc hm s hp:
- Xc nh hm s f1:= f(f(x));
> f1:=(f@@2)(x);
x

f1 :=
1+x

x2
1+
1 + x2

Lm gn f1 bng cc lnh sau:

> simplify(sqrt((denom(f1))^2)):
f1:=numer(f1)/(%);
f1 :=

x
1 + 2 x2

- Xc nh hm s f2:= f(f(f(x)));
> f2:=(f@@3)(x);

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

x

f2 :=
1 + x2

1+

x2
1 + x2

1+

x2
2

( 1 + x2 ) 1 +

1 + x2

Lm gn f2 bng cc lnh sau:

> simplify(sqrt((denom(f2))^2)):
f2:=numer(f2)/(%);
x

f2 :=

3 x2 + 1

- Xc nh hm s f3:= f(4)(x);
> f3:=(f@@4)(x):
simplify(sqrt((denom(f3))^2)):
f3:=numer(f3)/(%);
x

f3 :=

4 x2 + 1

n
Qua cc kt qu trn chng ta c th d on c : f ( ) ( x ) =

x
1 + nx 2

5. Hm s cho bi nhiu cng thc.

xc nh hm s cho bi nhiu cng thc ta dng th tc kt hp cc hm iu
kin if thenelse .
V d 1:
2 x - 1 nu x -2
Xt hm s y = f ( x ) =
.
2
2 x + 1 nu x > -2
(Bi tp 29/tr159_SGK S&GT 11_nng cao).
+C th xc nh hm s trn trong Maple bng lnh nh sau:
> f:=proc(x) if x<=-2 then 2*abs(x)-1 else sqrt(2*x^2+1) end
if end proc;
f := proc (x) if x -2 then 2abs ( x ) - 1 else sqrt ( 2x^2 + 1 ) end if end proc

+ T c th tnh gi tr ca hm s.
-5
Chng hn tnh f ( -1) , f nh sau:
2
> f(-1);
3

> f(-5/2);
4

V d 2:

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

2 ( x - 2 ) nu - 1 x<1
Xt hm s y = f ( x ) =
.
2
nu x 1
x - 1
2
Tnh f ( -1) ; f ( 0,5 ) ; f
; f (1) ; f ( 2 ) .
2
(Bi tp 10/tr46_SGK S 10 nng cao)
+ Nhp hm s vo Maple:
> f:=proc(x)
if x>=-1 and x<1 then -2*(x-2) elif x>=1 then sqrt(x^2-1)
end if
end proc;
f := proc (x)
if -1 x and x < 1 then -2x + 4 elif 1 x then sqrt ( x^2 - 1 ) end if
end proc

+ Tnh cc gi tr ca hm s:
> f(-1);
6

> f(0.5);
3.0

> a:=sqrt(2)/2:
f(evalf(a));
2.585786438

> f(1);
0

> f(2);
3

C th nh ngha chun mt hm s cho bi nhiu cng thc bng hm

piecewise theo c php sau:
> piecewise(cond1, f1, cond2, f2, );
V d :
2 ( x - 2 ) nu - 1 x<1
Xt hm s y = f ( x ) =
.
2
nu x 1
x - 1

2
Tnh f ( -1) ; f ( 0,5 ) ; f
; f (1) ; f ( 2 ) .
2

(Bi tp 10/tr46_SGK S 10 nng cao)

+ Xc nh hm s trong Maple nh sau:
> f:=x->piecewise(x<0,2*x,x>=0,x^2-x);

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

f := x piecewise( x < 0, 2 x, 0 x, x2 - x )

+ Tnh cc gi tr ca hm s:
> f(sqrt(2)/2);
1
2
2
2

@Nhn xt: dng th tc piecewise xy dng hm cho bi nhiu cng

thc thun tin v mang tnh c trng ca mt hm s hn so vi dng th tc
t to proc(x) ifthen.
II. th hm s.
1). V th hm s y = f ( x ) .
C php:
> plot( f,x,opts );
> plot( f,x=x0..x1,y=y0..y1,opts );
- f: l biu thc n s x;
- options: cc thuc tnh lin quan n th;
- x0.. x1: khong [x0; x1] trn trc Ox;
- y0..y1: khong [y0..y1] trn trc Oy.
Cc option lin quan n th:
* Color: Mu ca th gm cc mu c bn vi cc t kha nh sau:
Trong :

New Color Name(s)

----------------"AliceBlue"
"AntiqueWhite"
"Aqua","Cyan"
"Aquamarine"
"Azure"
"Beige"
"Bisque"
"Black"
"BlanchedAlmond"
"Blue"
"BlueViolet"
"Brown"
"Burlywood"
"CadetBlue"
"Chartreuse"
"Chocolate"
"Coral"
"CornflowerBlue"
"Cornsilk"
"Crimson"
"DarkBlue"
"DarkCyan"
"DarkGoldenrod"
"DarkGray","DarkGrey"
"DarkGreen"

Old Color Name(s)

---------------"cyan"
"aquamarine"
"black"
"blue"
"brown"
"coral"
-

RGB (0-255)
--------------[240, 248, 255]
[250, 235, 215]
[ 0, 255, 255]
[127, 255, 212]
[112, 219, 147]
[240, 255, 255]
[245, 245, 220]
[255, 228, 196]
[ 0,
0,
0]
[255, 235, 205]
[ 0,
0, 255]
[138, 43, 226]
[165, 42, 42]
[222, 184, 135]
[ 95, 158, 160]
[127, 255,
0]
[210, 105, 30]
[255, 127, 80]
[255, 127,
0]
[100, 149, 237]
[255, 248, 220]
[220, 20, 60]
[ 0,
0, 139]
[ 0, 139, 139]
[184, 134, 11]
[169, 169, 169]
[ 0, 100,
0]

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

"DarkKhaki"
"DarkMagenta"
"DarkOliveGreen"
"DarkOrange"
"DarkOrchid"
"DarkRed"
"DarkSalmon"
"DarkSeaGreen"
"DarkSlateBlue"
"DarkSlateGray","DarkSlateGrey"
"DarkTurquoise"
"DarkViolet"
"DeepPink"
"DeepSkyBlue"
"DimGray","DimGrey"
"DodgerBlue"
"Feldspar"
"Firebrick"
"FloralWhite"
"ForestGreen"
"Fuchsia","Magenta"
"Gainsboro"
"GhostWhite"
"Gold"
"Goldenrod"
"Gray","Grey"
"Green"
"GreenYellow"
"Honeydew"
"HotPink"
"IndianRed"
"Indigo"
"Ivory"
"Khaki"
"Lavender"
"LavenderBlush"
"LawnGreen"
"LemonChiffon"
"LightBlue"
"LightCoral"
"LightCyan"
"LightGoldenrod"
"LightGoldenrodYellow"
"LightGray","LightGrey"
"LightGreen"
"LightPink"
"LightSalmon"
"LightSeaGreen"
"LightSkyBlue"
"LightSlateBlue"
"LightSlateGray","LightSlateGrey"
"LightSteelBlue"
"LightYellow"
"Lime"
"LimeGreen"

"magenta"
"gold"
"khaki"
"green"
-

[189,
[139,
[ 85,
[255,
[153,
[139,
[233,
[143,
[ 72,
[ 47,
[ 0,
[148,
[255,
[ 0,
[105,
[ 30,
[209,
[178,
[255,
[ 34,
[255,
[220,
[248,
[255,
[204,
[218,
[128,
[ 0,
[173,
[240,
[255,
[205,
[ 75,
[255,
[240,
[159,
[230,
[255,
[124,
[255,
[173,
[240,
[224,
[238,
[250,
[211,
[144,
[255,
[255,
[ 32,
[135,
[132,
[119,
[176,
[255,
[ 0,
[ 50,

183,
0,
107,
140,
50,
0,
150,
188,
61,
79,
206,
0,
20,
191,
105,
144,
146,
34,
250,
139,
0,
220,
248,
215,
127,
165,
128,
128,
255,
255,
105,
92,
0,
255,
230,
159,
230,
240,
252,
250,
216,
128,
255,
221,
250,
211,
238,
182,
160,
178,
206,
112,
136,
196,
255,
255,
205,

107]
139]
47]
0]
204]
0]
122]
143]
139]
79]
209]
211]
147]
255]
105]
255]
117]
34]
240]
34]
255]
220]
255]
0]
50]
32]
128]
0]
47]
240]
180]
92]
130]
240]
140]
95]
250]
245]
0]
205]
230]
128]
255]
130]
210]
211]
144]
193]
122]
170]
250]
255]
153]
222]
224]
0]
50]

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

"Linen"
"Maroon"
"MediumAquamarine"
"MediumBlue"
"MediumOrchid"
"MediumPurple"
"MediumSeaGreen"
"MediumSlateBlue"
"MediumSpringGreen"
"MediumTurquoise"
"MediumVioletRed"
"MidnightBlue"
"MintCream"
"MistyRose"
"Moccasin"
"NavajoWhite"
"Navy","NavyBlue"
"OldLace"
"Olive"
"OliveDrab"
"Orange"
"OrangeRed"
"Orchid"
"PaleGoldenrod"
"PaleGreen"
"PaleTurquoise"
"PaleVioletRed"
"PapayaWhip"
"PeachPuff"
"Peru"
"Pink"
"Plum"
"PowderBlue"
"Purple"
"Red"
"RosyBrown"
"RoyalBlue"
"SaddleBrown"
"Salmon"
"SandyBrown"
"SeaGreen"
"Seashell"
"Sienna"
"Silver"
"SkyBlue"
"SlateBlue"
"SlateGray","SlateGrey"
"Snow"
"SpringGreen"
"SteelBlue"
"Tan"
-

"maroon"
"navy"
"orange"
"pink"
"plum"
"red"
"sienna"
"gray","grey"
"tan"

[250,
[128,
[142,
[102,
[ 0,
[186,
[147,
[ 60,
[123,
[ 0,
[ 72,
[199,
[ 25,
[245,
[255,
[255,
[255,
[ 0,
[ 35,
[253,
[128,
[107,
[255,
[204,
[255,
[218,
[238,
[152,
[175,
[219,
[255,
[255,
[205,
[255,
[221,
[234,
[176,
[128,
[255,
[188,
[ 65,
[139,
[250,
[244,
[ 46,
[255,
[160,
[142,
[192,
[135,
[106,
[112,
[255,
[ 0,
[ 70,
[210,
[219,

240,
0,
35,
205,
0,
85,
112,
179,
104,
250,
209,
21,
25,
255,
228,
228,
222,
0,
35,
245,
128,
142,
165,
50,
69,
112,
232,
251,
238,
112,
239,
218,
133,
192,
160,
173,
224,
0,
0,
143,
105,
69,
128,
164,
139,
245,
82,
107,
192,
206,
90,
128,
250,
255,
130,
180,
147,

230]
0]
107]
170]
205]
211]
219]
113]
238]
154]
204]
133]
112]
250]
225]
181]
173]
128]
142]
230]
0]
35]
0]
50]
0]
214]
170]
152]
238]
147]
213]
185]
63]
203]
221]
234]
230]
128]
0]
143]
225]
19]
114]
96]
87]
238]
45]
35]
192]
235]
205]
144]
250]
127]
180]
140]
112]

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

"Teal"
"Thistle"
"Tomato"
"Turquoise"
"Violet"
"VioletRed"
"Wheat"
"White"
"WhiteSmoke"
"Yellow"
"YellowGreen"

"turquoise"
"violet"
"wheat"
"white"
"yellow"
-

[ 0,
[216,
[255,
[ 64,
[173,
[238,
[ 79,
[208,
[245,
[216,
[255,
[245,
[255,
[154,

128,
191,
99,
224,
234,
130,
47,
32,
222,
216,
255,
245,
255,
205,

128]
216]
71]
208]
234]
238]
79]
144]
179]
191]
255]
245]
0]
50]

* style (kiu th): gm 3 dng point (im), line (ng thng), patch.
* axes (dng h trc hin th) : gm cc dng boxed, frame, none, normal
* coords (loi h ta ): gm cc dng bipolar, cardioid, cassinian, elliptic,
hyperbolic, invcassinian, invelliptic, logarithmic, logcosh, maxwell, parabolic, polar,
rose, tangent.
* numpoints = n : s im hin th ca th . Mc nh l numpoint = 50.
* thickness: dy ca th. Mc nh thickness = 0 .
* linestyle : kiu ca ng biu din th.
Gm cc dng: solid, dot, dash, dashdot, longdash, spacedash, spacedot . Mc nh
ca Maple l kiu solid. Ch , ta cng c th t gi tr ca linestyle bng cc s nguyn
t 1 n 7 . Mi s tng ng vi mt kiu xp theo th t trn.
* view=[xmin..xmax, ymin..ymax] : cc khong gii hn trn trc Ox v trc Oy hin
th th.
* title: tiu cho th.
* tickmarks = [a,b]: gii hn khung nhn th.

V d:
V th hm s y = sin x .
T suy ra th cc hm s: y = - sin x; y = sin x ; y = sin x
(Bi tp 11/tr17_SGK S&GT11 nng cao)
+ V th hm s y = sin x trn khong [ - 2p ; 2p ] :
> plot(sin(x),x=-2*Pi..2*Pi,title="Do thi ham so y=sin(x)
tren khoang [-2Pi; 2Pi]");

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

+ V th hm s y = - sin x trn khong [ - 2p ; 2p ] :

> plot(-sin(x),x=-2*Pi..2*Pi,title="Do thi ham so y=-sin(x)
tren khoang [-2Pi; 2Pi]");

+ V th hm s y = sin x trn khong [ - 2p ;2p ] :

> plot(abs(sin(x)),x=-2*Pi..2*Pi,color=black,title="Do thi
ham so y=|sin(x)| tren khoang [-2Pi; 2Pi]");

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

> plot(sin(abs(x)),x=-2*Pi..2*Pi,y=2..2,color=black,tickmarks=[10,10],title="Do thi ham so

y=sin|x| tren khoang [-2Pi; 2Pi]");

V d:
V th hm s y = x3 - 3x + 2 trn khong [-7; 7].
> plot(x^3-3*x+2,x=-7..7);

10

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

Nhn xt: Chng ta nhn thy cc gi tr hin th trn trc Oy l qu ln nn kh

thy r dng iu c th ca th.
Vy ta cn gii hn trn trc Oy th c r rng v trc quan hn:
> plot(x^3-3*x+2,x=-7..7,y=-6..6);

+Nu khng gii hn trn 2 trc th Maple mc nh x=-10..10 cn ty . Do

th c hin th nh sau:
> plot(x^3-3*x+2);

11

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

@Qua chng ta nhn thy, v mt th c tnh trc quan, r rng chng ta

cn phi khai bo thm cc khong ca x v y mt cch thch hp trong cu lnh.
* Cng c th v mt tp hp im theo tham s c ta dng [f(t), g(t)]:
V d:
V tp hp cc im M ( sin n;cos n ) vi n [ 0..20] .
+Xc nh tp hp im trong Maple:
> li:=[[sin(n),cos(n)] $n=0..20];
li := [ [ 0, 1 ], [ sin( 1 ), cos ( 1 ) ], [ sin( 2 ), cos ( 2 ) ], [ sin( 3 ), cos ( 3 ) ], [ sin( 4 ), cos ( 4 ) ],
[ sin( 5 ), cos ( 5 ) ], [ sin( 6 ), cos ( 6 ) ], [ sin( 7 ), cos ( 7 ) ], [ sin( 8 ), cos ( 8 ) ],
[ sin( 9 ), cos ( 9 ) ], [ sin( 10 ), cos ( 10 ) ], [ sin( 11 ), cos ( 11 ) ], [ sin( 12 ), cos ( 12 ) ],
[ sin( 13 ), cos ( 13 ) ], [ sin( 14 ), cos ( 14 ) ], [ sin( 15 ), cos ( 15 ) ], [ sin( 16 ), cos ( 16 ) ],
[ sin( 17 ), cos ( 17 ) ], [ sin( 18 ), cos ( 18 ) ], [ sin( 19 ), cos ( 19 ) ], [ sin( 20 ), cos ( 20 ) ] ]

+ V tp hp cc im trn:
(Cc im c hin th dng hnh trn, mu xanh)
> plot(li,x=-2..2,y=-2..2, style=point, symbol=circle,
color=blue);

12

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

Sau y chng ta cng xem mt th rt c bit c hnh mt chic l c v

trong h ta cc (coords=polar). l th hm s:
1

100 2 - sin 7t - cos 30t

2

r (t ) =
8
p
100 + t -
2
+ Xc nh hm s:
> s := t->100/(100+(t-Pi/2)^8):
r := t -> s(t)*(2-sin(7*t)-cos(30*t)/2):

+ V th hm s r(t):
> plot([r(t),t,t=-Pi/2..3/2*Pi],
numpoints=2000,coords=polar,axes=normal);

13

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

>

*V th hm s y = sin 4 x (hnh hoa tm cnh) trong h ta cc:

> plot([sin(4*x),x,x=0..2*Pi],coords=polar,thickness=3,
color=violet);

V nhiu th trn cng mt h trc.

Chng hn mun v th cc hm s f, g, h trn cng mt h trc.
C php:
> plot( [f,g,h], x=x1..x2, y=y1..y2, [optf, optg, opth]); .
V d:
V th hm s y = cos x (mu xanh_kiu hin th l ng c dy l 2) v
th hm s y = cos x (mu _ kiu hin th l im dng hnh trn) trn cng
mt h trc.
> plot([cos(x), abs(cos(x))], x=-6..6,y=-2..2,
color=[blue,red],style=[line,point], symbol=circle,
thickness=2, tickmarks=[10,10]);

14

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

V th hm s cho bi nhiu cng thc:

V d: (Bi tp 36a/tr60_S 10 nng cao)
- x + 1 nu x -1
V th hm s y = 2
.
- x + 3 nu x > -1
+ Lp th tc xc nh hm s f:
> f:=proc(x) if x<=-1 then -x+1 else -x^2+3 end if end proc:

+ V th hm s f:
> plot(f,-5..5,-5..6);

15

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

2). V th ng.
Gi lnh:
> with(plots):
a) th hm s c cha tham s y = f ( x, m ) .
C php:
> animate(plot, [f(x,m),x=a..b],m=m1..m2,option);.
Sau khi nhn enter, xut hin mt thanh cng c trn mn hnh c hnh dng:

+Chng ta nhn nt play ( ) xem s bin i ca th.

+Mun dng li giai on no ta ch cn nhn nt stop ( ).
+ lp li s chuyn ng ca th ta kch hot nt
trc khi nhn nt
play.
+Cn xem s chuyn ng mt ln ta nhn nt
trong khi kch hot play
hoc sau khi play.
V d:
Kho st s bin i th ca h th hm s: y = mx 2 .
+ Nhp vo Maple:
> with(plots):
animate( plot, [m*x^2,x=-4..4], m=-3..3 );

16

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

Trong cu lnh trn ta cho m [ -3; 3] . V th u tin xut hin trn mm hnh
ng vi m = -3 .
@Nu mun xem th tng ng vi tng gi tr c th ca m ta nhn nt stop
ri kch hot nt
, mi ln kch hot ta c mt th ng vi mt gi tr ca
m hin trn mn hnh (khung nhn ).
+ C th biu din kt qu hin th cc th di dng chm bng cch b sung
thm trong cu lnh mt option c tn trace = n (n+1 l s th trong chm).
> animate( plot, [m*x^2,x=-4..4], m=-3..3, trace=7,
frames=50 );

Sau khi nhn nt

, th t t chuyn ng v kt qu s hin th l:

b) V th y = f ( x ) di dng vt ca mt im M ( x; f ( x ) ) chuyn ng.

C php:
>animatecurve(f(x),x=a..b, option); .
V d:
V th hm s y = cos 2 x vi x [ -2p ; 2p ] .
> with(plots):
animatecurve(cos(x),x=-2*Pi..2*Pi,frames=50);

+ Sau khi nhn Enter, click khung th ri nhn nt

ng ca im to nn th.

xem s chuyn

17

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

+Kt qu :

Ghi ch: cu lnh trn ta c khai bo frames=50 hin th s khung nhn

trong qu trnh chuyn ng ca im. S frames cng ln ta cng thy c s
dch chuyn mn_s chuyn ng chm ca im M.

III. Mt s im v ng c bit c lin quan n hm s v th

hm s.
Gi lnh : > with(Student[Calculus1]):
1) Tm im cc tr ca hm s.
C php:
> ExtremePoints( f,x,opts );
> ExtremePoints( f,x=a..b,opts );
> ExtremePoints( f,a..b,opts );
Trong :
- f: l hm s bin s x;
- a..b: l khong cha im cc tr ;
- opts: l numeric. Nu c khai bo numeric (true) th [a..b]=[-10..10], nu
khng khai bo maple mc nh l false.

V d: Tm cc im cc tr ca hm s f ( x ) = x 4 - 4 x 3 + 2 x - 1.

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x^3-4*x^2+2*x+1;
`Cac diem cuc tri cua ham so:`;ExtremePoints( f,x );
f := x 3 - 4 x 2 + 2 x + 1
Cac diem cuc tri cua ham so:
4
3

10 4
, +
3 3

10
3

2) Tm im ti hn ca hm s.
C php:
> CriticalPoints( f,x,opts );
Trong :

> CriticalPoints( f,x=a..b,opts );

> CriticalPoints( f,a..b,opts );
- f: l hm s bin s x;
- a..b: l khong cha im ti hn;

18

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

- opts: l numeric. Nu c khai bo numeric (true) th [a..b]=[-10..10], nu
khng khai bo maple mc nh l false.

V d: Tm cc im ti hn ca hm s y = f ( x ) = x +

1
trn tp xc nh ca
x -1

n.
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x+1/(x-1);
`Cac diem toi han cua ham so:`;CriticalPoints( f,x );
1
f := x +
x-1
Cac diem toi han cua ham so:

[ 0, 1, 2 ]

V d: Tm cc im ti hn ca hm s y =

x +1
trn tp xc nh ca n.
x2 - x

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=(x+1)/(x^2-x);
`Cac diem toi han cua ham so:`;
CriticalPoints( f,x );
x+1
f := 2
x -x
Cac diem toi han cua ham so:
[ -1 - 2 , 0, 2 - 1, 1 ]

Nu ch xt trn on [ -1;1] , ta c cc im ti hn:

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=(x+1)/(x^2-x);
`Cac diem toi han cua ham so:`;
CriticalPoints( f,x=-1..1 );
x+1
f := 2
x -x
Cac diem toi han cua ham so:

[ 0, 2 - 1, 1 ]

3) im un ca th hm s.
C php:
> InflectionPoints( f,x,opts );
Trong :

> InflectionPoints( f,x=a..b,opts );

> InflectionPoints( f,a..b,opts );
- f: l hm s bin s x;
- a..b: l khong cha im un;

19

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

- opts: l numeric. Nu c khai bo numeric (true) th [a..b]=[-10..10], nu
khng khai bo maple mc nh l false.

V d: Tm honh cc im un ca th hm s y = f ( x ) = x 4 - 2 x 2 + 3 .

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x^4-2*x^2+3;`Hoanh do cac diem uon cua do thi ham so:`;
T:=InflectionPoints( f,x):T;
a:=eval(f,x=op(1,T)):b:=eval(f,x=op(2,T)):
`Toa do cac diem uon`;
{(op(1,T),a)};{(op(2,T),b)};
f := x 4 - 2 x 2 + 3
Hoanh do cac diem uon cua do thi ham so:

3
3

,
3
3

Toa do cac diem uon

{{

3 22
, }
3 9
3 22
, }
3 9

4) Tip tuyn ca th hm s.
C php:
> Tangent( f,x=c,a..b,opts );
> Tangent( f,c,a..b,opts );
Trong :

- f: l hm s bin s x;
- c: l honh tip im;
- a..b l mt khong cha c.
Nu khng khai bo th Maple s mc nh vi khong a..b = c-1..c+1.
- opts l mt option ; option y c th l: functionoptions, output,
pointoptions, showfunction, showpoint, showtangent, tangentoptions, title,
view.

* functionoptions: l mt list cc thuc tnh (mu /c th hm s f, )

ca function; Theo mc nh ca Maple, th hm f l mt ng mu
.
* output: l line(ng thng), slope(h s gc) hoc plot ( th);
* pointoptions: l mt list cc thuc tnh (mu /hnh dng,) ca im;
Theo mc nh ca Maple, tip im l mt ng trn mu xanh(blue).
* showfunction: c khai bo = true hoc false. Nu true th th hm s
c v. Mc nh ca Maple l true khi khai bo showfunction.
* showpoint: c khai bo = true hoc false. Nu true th tip im c
v. Mc nh ca Maple l true khi c khai bo showpoint.

20

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

* showtangent: c khai bo = true hoc false. Nu true th tip tuyn
c v. Mc nh ca Maple l true khi c khai bo showtangent.
* tangentoptions: l mt list cc thuc tnh (mu /hnh dng,) ca tip
tuyn; Theo mc nh ca Maple, tip tuyn l mt ng thng mu
xanh(blue).
* title: l chui k t (tiu ca hnh v). Nu khng khai bo, mc nh
ca Maple l The Tangent to the Graph of f(x) = f(x) at the Point (c,
f(c)).
* view: = [DEFAULT or a..b, DEFAULT or c..d] , trong a..b l khong
gii hn xem trn trc honh; c..d l khong gii hn xem trn trc tung.

V d: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s y = f ( x ) = x3 - 3 x + 1 ti

im c honh x0 = 1 .
2
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x^3-3*x^2+1:
`PT Tiep tuyen`;`y`=Tangent(f,x=1/2);
PT Tiep tuyen
y=-

9x 3
+
4
2

+ Nu khai bo x0 = 0,5 , th s c kt qu:

> f:=x^3-3*x^2+1:
`PT Tiep tuyen`;

`y`=Tangent(f,x=0.5);
PT Tiep tuyen
y = -2.25 x + 1.500

+ Nu ch mun tnh h s gc ca tip tuyn, ta thc hin lnh sau:

(Khai bo thm option: output = slope)
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x^3-3*x^2+1:
`He so goc`=Tangent(f,x=1/2,output=slope);
-9
He so goc =
4
+ Nu mun v hnh, ta thc hin cc lnh:
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x^3-3*x^2+1:
Tangent(f,x=1/2,output=plot,pointoptions=[color=red],title=
"Ttuyen cua d/thi h/so f(x) tai x=1/2",view=[1..2,DEFAULT]);

21

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

5) ng tim cn ca th hm s.
C php:
> Asymptotes( f,x,y,opts );
> Asymptotes( f,x=a..b,y,opts );
> Asymptotes( f,a..b,y,opts );
Trong :

- f: l hm s mt n;
- a..b l khong xc nh ca n x (do ngi dng khai bo_nu cn);
- y: l tn bin (khai bo cho tim cn xin, ngang,)

x2 - 3x + 1
V d: Tm cc ng tim cn ca th hm s y = f ( x ) =
.
x -1
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
Tc:=Asymptotes((x^2-3*x+1)/(x - 1), x):
`Tiem can xien:`=op(1,Tc);
`Tiem can dung:`=op(2,Tc);
Tiem can xien: = ( y = x - 2 )
Tiem can dung: = ( x = 1 )

V d: Tm cc tim cn ca th hm s y = f ( x ) = x 2 + x .
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=sqrt(x^2+x);`------------`;
Tcan:=Asymptotes(f, x);
f := x2 + x

------------

22

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

1
1
Tcan := y = x + , y = -x -
2
2

Trng hp th hm s khng c tim cn th kt qu l: [ ] !

Chng hn vi th hm s y = x3 + 1 .
> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=x^3+1;`------------`;
Tcan:=Asymptotes(f, x);
f := x3 + 1
-----------Tcan := [ ]

V d: Tm cc ng tim cn ca th hm s y =

( 0;5) .

x2 + x + 1
trn khong
2x2 - x - 1

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
f:=(x^2+x+1)/(2*x^2-x-1);`------------`;
Tcan:=Asymptotes(f, x=0..5);
f :=

x2 + x + 1
2 x2 - x - 1

-----------1
Tcan := y = , x = 1
2

6) ng i xng ca th hm s f(x) qua ng thng y = x.

C php:
> InversePlot( f,x,opts );
Trong :

> InversePlot( f,x=a..b,opts );

> InversePlot( f,a..b,opts );
- f: l hm s mt n x;
- a..b l khong trn trc honh cn v th;
- opts : l cc option tng t nh trong lnh Tangent.

V d: V th hm s y = 2 x v ng i xng ca n qua ng thng y = x .

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
InversePlot(2^x,x=-1..3,
lineoptions=[color=black,thickness=2], title="Do thi ham
nguoc cua h/so y=2^x");

23

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

V d: V th hm s ngc ca hm s y = x 2 - 1 trn on [ -1.5;1.5] .

> with(Student[Calculus1]):
InversePlot(sqrt(x^2-1),x=-1.5..1.5,
lineoptions=[color=black,thickness=2],title="Do thi ham
nguoc cua h/so f(x)");

6) Gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht ca hm s.
* Gi tr ln nht ca hm s f:
C php:
> maximize( f,x);
> maximize( f,x=a..b);

* Gi tr nh nht ca hm s f:
24

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

C php:

> minimize( f,x);

> minimize( f,x=a..b);
Trong : - a..b l hai im mt ca mt khong mun tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr
ln nht.

V d 1:
Tm gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht ca hm s y = x 3 - 3 x 2 - 9 x + 35 trn
on [ -4; 4] v [ 0;5] ?
(Bi tp 3/tr23_SGK Gii tch 12, Th im , B 2)
+ Nhp biu thc ca hm s vo Maple:
> y:=x^3-3*x^2-9*x+35;

y := x3 - 3 x2 - 9 x + 35

+ Gi tr nh nht ca hm s trn on [ -4; 4] :

> minimize(y,x=-4..4);
-41

+ Gi tr ln nht ca hm s trn on [ -4; 4] :

> maximize(y,x=-4..4);
40

+ Gi tr nh nht ca hm s trn on [ 0; 5] :
> minimize(y,x=0..5);
8

+ Gi tr ln nht ca hm s trn on [ 0; 5] :
> maximize(y,x=0..5);
40

C th v th hm s trn on [-4; 5] xem:

> plot(y,x=-4..5);

25

Khm ph Maple 11. Cao Long. THPT Nam ng

* Mun bit xem hm s t gi tr nh nht hay ln nht ti im no ta c th b

sung thm t kha location trong cu lnh:
Chng hn:
> maximize(y,x=0..5,location);
40, { [ { x = 5 }, 40 ] }

Kt qu trn cho bit: max y = y ( 5 ) = 40 .

[0;5]
Cn trn on [ -4; 4] :
> maximize(y,x=-4..4,location);
40, { [ { x = -1 }, 40 ] }

Kt qu cho ta bit: max y = y ( -1) = 40 .

[ -4;4]
V d 2:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s y = x +

2
vi x > 1.
x -1

(Bi tp 13/tr110_SGK S10 nng cao)

+ Tm trong Maple nh sau:
> minimize(x+2/(x-1),x>1,location);
2 2 + 1, { [ { x = 2 + 1 }, 2 2 + 1 ] }

Kt qu l min x +
= 2 2 + 1 , t c ti x = 2 + 1 .
x >1
x -1
V d 3:
Tm gi tr nh nht v gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = x - 1 + 4 - x .
(Bi tp 17/tr112 _ SGK S 10 nng cao)
+ Nhn xt: tp xc nh ca biu thc l on [1; 4] .
> A:=sqrt(x-1)+sqrt(4-x);
`gtnn`:=minimize(A,x=1..4,location);
`gtln`:=maximize(A,x=1..4,location);
A := x - 1 + 4 - x
gtnn := 3 , { [ { x = 1 }, 3 ], [ { x = 4 }, 3 ] }

gtln := 2

5
3 , { { x = }, 2
2

Qua kt qu trn cho ta bit:

- gi tr nh nht ca biu thc l
-

gi tr ln nht ca biu thc l

3 }

3 t c khi x = 1 hoc x = 4 ;
2 3 = 6 t c khi x = 5 .
2

26