ECE320, Spring 2010, Exam 1

27th January, 2010

Duration 1 hour

Name
PID Number

Problem
1
2
3
Total

Max Points
30
40
30
100

Points

Instructions

Attempt to solve first the problems you can do-dont spend too much time on one
problem.
Read carefully the statement of the problems.
Use the previous pages back if more space is needed.
Write neatly and show all the steps, no marks otherwise.

Problem 1. For the circuit below, find its Thevenins and Nortons equivalent circuits seen
from the load (draw both equivalent circuits and calculate their parameters).
j100

VS = 12000 [V]

j10

L = 10 + j10

IL
j 200

Solution:
The voltages at nodes A and B can be found by voltage division.
Open Circuit Voltage ( VTH )

j 200
(1200 )
j 200 j100
j 20
(1200 o )
=
j 20 + j10

VAD =
VBD

VTH = VAB = VAD VBD = 0. (5 points)

j 20

Thevenin Impedance ( ZTH ) can be found by shorting the voltage source

Z TH =

1
1
1
+
j100 j 200

1
1
1
+
j10 j 20

ZTH = j 66.66 + j 6.66 = j 60 . (5 points)

Thevenin Equivalent Cricuit
ZTH = j 60 []

VTH = 000 [V]

(10 points)
Since VTH = 0 , no voltage drop appears across terminals A and B; therefore, no current flows
through Z L . Norton Equivalents can be found as follows:

V
0
I N = TH =
=0
Z TH j 60

Z N = ZTH = j 60 .
Norton Equivalent Circuit
A
I N = 00 [A]
0

Z N = j 60 []

(10 points)

Problem 2. For a balanced 3-phase circuit below, the source voltage is 208 V. Calculate (1)
the real (active) and reactive power of each load, (2) the total real and reactive power of both
loads, and (3) the real and reactive power provided by the source.

Solution:
Converting delta connected load to star and then considering only a single phase, the circuit
will be as shown in figure.
_____

I sa

_____

I La 2
_____

I La1

_____

Vsa = 1200

(2 j 2)

(2 + j 2)

(10 points)

LOAD 1 (10 points)

I La1 = Vsa / Z ab =

(1200 0 )
= 30 + j 30 = 42.42645 o [A]
2 j2

S1 = V LN * ( I ab )* = (1200 o )(30 + j 30)* = 3600 j 3600 [VA]

Where we can see that real power is 3600 W and reactive power is 3600 VArs leading.
Since this is the single phase quantity, we must multiply by 3 to get the values for the
entire load.

S 3 = 3(3600 j3600) = 10800 j10800 [VA]

OR
P3 = 3 * 208* 42.426*cos(45) = 10,807 [W]
Q3 = 3 * 208* 42.426*sin( 45) = 10,807 [VAR]

LOAD 2 (10 points)

I La 2 = Vsa / Z 2ab =

(1200 0 )
= 30 j 30 = 42.426 45 o [A]
2 + j2

S1 = V LN * ( I 2ab )* = (1200 o )(30 j 30) * = 3600 + j 3600 [VA]

Where we can see that real power is 3600 W and reactive power is 3600 VArs lagging.
Since this is the single phase quantity, we must multiply by 3 to get the values for the
entire load.

S 3 = 3(3600 + j3600) = 10800 + j10800 [VA]

OR
P3 = 3 * 208 * 42.426 * cos(45) = 10,807W
Q3 = 3 * 208 * 42.426 * sin(+45) = 10,807VAr

Both Loads (5 points)

S3 1 + S3 2 = 10800 j10800 + 10800 + j10800 = 21600 [W]

Source (5 points)
Since the sum of both loads must be supplied by the source, the source power is equal
to the sum of both loads.
S S 3 = S3 1 + S3 2 = 10800 j10800 + 10800 + j10800 = 21600 [VA]

Problem 3. In a 3-phase system below (Fig. a), the source is 230 V and the load (Load_1) is
drawing an apparent power of 50 kVA with pf of 0.866 lagging.
a) A second load (Load_2) is added and its real power is equal to 30 kW. What should the
pf of the second load be in order for the total pf of the both loads together to be unity?
b) Draw a power triangle diagram to represent the above-obtained real, reactive, and
apparent power of the source, Load_1, and Load_2.

Solution
a)
Load 1 has an angle of
cos 1 (0.866) = 30 o lagging
Therefore load 1 can be represented as
50kVA30 o = 43.301k + j 25k (10 points)
Therefore we need load 2 to provide reactive power of j25k. Load 2 shall be
30k j 25k = 39.05k 39.81o (5 points)
This gives us a p.f. of the second load of cos( 39.81) = 0.768 leading. (5 points)

b) (10 points)
30 kW

50 kVA
j25kVAR

-j25kVAR

39.05 kVA

43.301 kW

Load 1

Load 2

Source
The source is providing the power of the combined loads which is
50kVA30 o = 43.301k + j 25k
30k j 25k = 39.05k 39.81o
Reactive power = 0 and apparent power = real power. The source power triangle is not
a triangle any more.