PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

146
BAB 6: GELOMBANG
BAHAGIAN A
NO.1
(a)
(b)
(c)

(d)

ANSWER
The light which has one wavelength / one colour
Wavelength of red light is greater than wavelength of blue light
Distance between consecutive bright fringes for red light is
more than that of blue light
The distance between consecutive bright fringes for the
same light are constant
The longer the wavelength, the longer the distance between

(e)(i)

consecutive bright fringes

The distance between two consecutive bright fringes will

(e)(ii)
(f)

decrease
a is inversely proportional to x
Diffraction // Interference of light

MARK
1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL

NO.2
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(b)(i)

Pantulan
Pembiasan
1.2 0.4

(b)(ii)

0.8 s
2T dengan 0.8 s // T dengan 0.4 s

1
1

2T = 15000.8 // T =15000.4

600 m
Tinggi

1
1

Dapat menembusi bumi dan minyak // kehilangan tenaga yang

(c)(i)

(c)(ii)
(d)

ANSWER

1
1
8

MARK
1
1
1

rendah
Tinggi
Mendapat isyarat yang lebih kuat
P
TOTAL

1
1
1
12

BAHAGIAN B
NO.3
(a)
(b)

ANSWER
Number of complete oscillation in one seconds
Length of pendulum X is shorter than the length pendulum metal
bob
Frequency of pendulum X is higher than the frequency of metal

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(c)

bob pendulum.
Length and frequency of pendulum Y as same as that of metal
bob pendulum.
Amplitude of oscillation of pendulum Y is higher/bigger than
amplitude of oscillation of pendulum X.
Resonance
When the singer sings, it produces the high frequency of
sound waves.
The frequency of sound waves vibrates the particles in the
glass.
When the frequency of sound waves same as the natural
frequency of the glass,
The particles of the glass will vibrate at maximum
amplitude/ energy cause the glass to break.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

(d)
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Low density of string
3. High tension of string
5. Nylon string/strong

7. Sound hole must be big

9. Fred must be widened

REASON
2. Easy to carry /
handle
4. Can produce higher
frequency/pitch
6. More stiffer /can
produced louder
sound//not easy to
break
8. More air can be
trapped//The
coupled resonance
of the front and
back plates
produces a
resonance

Max= 10

10. Can differentiate

different notes more

TOTAL

20

BAHAGIAN C
NO.4
(a)
(b)

ANSWER
Distance between two successive points of the same phase in a
wave
When the wave passing through shallow water// convex area,
the wavelength and speed decrease
After the wave passing through shallow water// convex area,
the circular waves converge at focal point an then diverge

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from the focal point

(c)(i)

OR
Diagram
= 633 nm = 633 x 10-9 m
a = 0.5 mm = 0.5 x 10-3 m

x=

(c)(ii)
(d)

1
1

D=4m

633 109 4
0.5 103

1
1

X = 5.064 x 10-3 mm
Decrease
CHARACTERISTICS
1. High wave amplitude
3. Longer wave length
5. Low damping effect
7. Low frequency

1
REASON
2. Louder
4. Can diffract easily
6. Can be heard
clearly
8. Low pitch//
distinguished from
other sound//can be
heard by human

Max= 10

9. Q is chosen
10. Because.....1357//2468
TOTAL

20

KERTAS 3 (BAHAGIAN B)
NO. 5
(a)
(b)
(c)(i)

ANSWER
Rate of oscillations / frequency depends on the diameter/thickness
of the string
The thicker the diameter of the string, the lower the frequency//
The thinner the diameter of the string, the higher the frequency
To investigate the relationship between the thickness of a wire and
the frequency of the oscillations

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(c)(ii)

(c)(iii)

MV: Thickness of wire, d

RV: Frequency of oscillation, f
CV: length of wire
microphone, copper wires with different thickness or s.w.g, CRO,
retort stand, connecting wires

1
1
1
1

(c)(iv)

1. Set up the apparatus as shown. Tie up the copper wire to

retort stand tightly
2. Start the experiment with the length, L=30 cm and s.w.g 16.
3. Pull the string in the middle so that it will vibrate. Use a
microphone and record the frequency of the waveform on the
screen of CRO.
4. Repeat by using different swg/thickness of copper wire.

(c)(v)

d/ cm

1
1

1
1

f/ s-1

(c)(vi)

(c)(vii)

TOTAL

12

BAB 7: KEELEKTRIKAN
BAHAGIAN A

NO.1
(a)

ANSWER
The power of device is the rate of of which it transfers energy//

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power=
(b)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

energy transferred
time

Electrical energy to light energy + heat energy

Heat energy
Filament bulb:

1+1
1

11.25
100
75

1
1

= 15 %
Energy saver bulb:

(c)(iii)
(d)

11
100
20

50 %
Energy saver bulb

High efficiency// less wasted energy

Refrigerator // any other appliances

1
1

Frost-free refrigerator// not allow frost to accumulate too thick in the

freezer// close the door tightly

TOTAL

NO.2
(a)

ANSWER
12 J of energy per second is released when it is connected to a 6 V

12

MARK
1

(b)

supply
Series

(c)

Parallel
Voltage for each bulb in diagram 8.2 is more than 8.1

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(d)(i)

Total resistance in Diagram 8.2 is less than 8.1// current flow in

each bulb in Diagram 8.2 is more than in 8.1

R1 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

V 6.0
I= =
R 12

1
1

= 0.5 A
(d)(ii)

1 1 1 1 3
= + + =
R 4 4 4 4
4
R= =1.33
3
1

6.0
IT =
=4.5 A
1.33

1
I flow each bulb

(e)(i)
(e)(ii)

4.5
=1.5 A
3

Diagram 8.2
If one bulb blow, another bulb can still function
Less effective resistance// more current flow

1
1
TOTAL

1
12

BAHAGIAN B

NO.3
(a)
(b)

ANSWER
The rate of charge flows.
Diagram 10.1 connected in series and Diagram 10.2

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(c)

connected in parallel.
The reading of ammeter in Diagram 10.2 is greater than in

Diagram 10.1.
The reading of voltmeter in Diagram 10.1 > Diagram 10.2.
The effective resistance in Diagram 10.2 < Diagram 10.1.
Effective resistance increases, the current flows decreases.
Circuit connected in parallel, the effective resistance

decreases.
The ammeter reading increased
The voltmeter reading decreased.
Effective resistance in the circuit decreased.

1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

(d)
CHARACTERISTICS
Attach one fuse to the live
wire in the consumer unit/
fuse box.
Using the insulating wires //
thicker wires
Attach switch for each lamp.
Connect the metal fitting
lamp to the earth wire/cable.
Using only 240 V light bulb.

REASON
To break/switch off the
circuit when large
current before the wire
become hotter and
produce fire.
To prevent short
circuit // To reduce
resistance, improve
efficiency.
To allows each lamp to
be switched on and off
independently.
To flows electron
(extra) to earth to avoid
lethal shock.
To ensure the bulbs
light up with normal
brightness.

TOTAL

Max= 10

20

BAHAGIAN C

NO.4

ANSWER

MARK

(a)

Electric field is a region around a charged object which any other

charged body experience a force
Charges on the disc neutralize the negative charges on the ping
pong ball

(b)

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153

Likes charges on the disc and the ball repelled each other
The ball attracted by the positively charged disc
The ball oscillates between the two plates

1
1
1

(c)
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Fuse for each circuit
3. Bulbs and power
sockets arrange in
parallel

REASON
2. Cut off current if
overloaded
4. Other bulb or power
socket still working
when one of it
blows out

5. Circuit for lighting is in

parallel with power
circuit

6. Supply different
value of current

7. Kilowatt-hour meter
installed near main fuse

8. Record total power

usage and prevent
overloading of
current

Max= 10

9. Circuit L
10. Because ...... 1357// 2468
(d)(i)
(d)(ii)

10 13 A
V = IR
= 9 x 26.7
= 240.3 V

1
1
1

P = IV
= 9 x 240.3
= 2162.7 W
TOTAL

1
1
20

KERTAS 3 (BAHAGIAN B)

NO. 5
(a)
(b)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

ANSWER
Resistance is depends to the diameter/ cross-sectional area of wire
The resistance of the wire decreases as its diameter increases//
when the diameter of wire increase, the resistance is decrease
To investigate the relationship between diameter of wire and
resistance
MV: diameter// cross-sectional area

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(c)(iii)

RV: resistance
CV: length// temperature
Constantan wire, meter rule, connector wire, batteries, rheostat,
ammeter, voltmeter and switch

1
1
1

(c)(iv)

(c)(v)

1. The circuit is set up as shown in figure with the 20 cm of

constantan wire s.w.g= 20 across the point X and Y.
2. The switch is on, and the rheostat is adjusted until the ammeter
shows a reading.
3. The ammeter and voltmeter reading are recorded.
4. The resistance of the constantan wire is calculated using a
formula

R=

1
1

V
I

5. The experiment is repeated with a constantan wire as s.w.g= 22,

s.w.g= 24, s.w.g=28 and s.w.g= 30

1
1

diameter/s.w.g (cm)
20
22
24
28
30

(c)(vi)

R ()

1
(c)(vii)

TOTAL

12

BAB 8: KEELEKTROMAGNETAN
BAHAGIAN A
NO.1
(a)

ANSWER
The current that is induced by electromagnetic inductions when the
circuit is complete//The current that can be produced without any

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155

(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)
(d)

NO.2
(a)
(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
(b)(iii)
(c)
(d)

(e)

electrical supply/source
X= N
Y= S
Diagram 6.1 bar magnet towards the solenoid
Diagram 6.2 bar magnet away from the solenoid
Repulsive
Attractive
Lenz
Increase the speed of bar magnet/increase the number of turns of
the solenoid/use a stronger magnet
TOTAL

ANSWER
An electromagnet is a magnet in which a magnetic field is produced
by the flow of electric current.
Increase the current.
The strength of an electromagnet increases
Soft-Iron core
Easily magnetised and demagnetised
Increase the number of turns.
The strength of an electromagnet increases
L
Increase // More
The poles for a U-shaped electromagnet are closer together
P= mgh
t
= 250 x 10 x 4
5
= 2000 W
TOTAL

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9

MARK
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
12

BAHAGIAN B

NO.3
(a)
(b)(i)
(b)(ii)

ANSWER
The current produced when the magnetic flux is cut across by a
conductor// Changing of flux at conductor
10.2 - no relative motion between the magnet and the coil //
10.3 - there is relative motion
Number of turns in 10.3 is less than number of turns in 10.4

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PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

156
(b)(iii)
(b)(iv)
(c)

Number of turns increases, the change in magnetic flux increases

Induced current increases
Faradays Law
Magnetic flux is cut , induced current is produced
When = 90o maximum current produced // = 0o minimum
current produced
Commutator is used to ensure the direction of the current that
flows through the
S external circuit is inNone direction

1
1
1
1
1
1

(d)
CHARACTERISTICS

1. Step down
transformer
3. Ns: Np = 240: 6 =
40 : 1
5. Use diode
7. Use capacitor
9. Use laminated soft
iron core

Max= 10

REASON

2. To reduce voltage
4. To reduce 240V to
6V
6. To change AC to
DC
8. To smooth the
output current
10. To reduce heat
loss due to eddy
current

TOTAL

20

BAHAGIAN C

NO.4
(a)
(b)

ANSWER
Current that flows in one direction
The (magnadur) magnets produce a magnetic field / diagram
The current in the wire produces a magnetic field / diagram
The two magnetic fields interact/combine to form a resultant /
catapult field/ diagram

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157

1
(c)
CHARACTERISTICS

1. Low density material

3. High number of turns
5. High strength magnets
7. More segments

REASON

2. Coil has smaller mass

/ lighter
4. Larger force acting on
the coil / higher
electromagnetic field
strength
6. Larger force acting on
the coil
8. Coil rotates smoothly

Max= 10

9. Motor R is chosen
10. Because.......1357//2468
(d)(i)
(d)(ii)

3 x 8 // 24 (J)

1
1

24 (ecf )
5

4.8 W
(d)(iii)

4.8(ecf )
100
12

40 % // 0.4
TOTAL

20

KERTAS 3 (BAHAGIAN B)
NO. 5
(a)
(b)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

(c)(iii)

ANSWER
The brightness of the light depends on the speed of rotation of the
wheel.
The greater the velocity of the magnet in the coil wire, the greater
magnitude of the induced current.
To investigate the relationship between the velocity of the magnet
and the magnitude of the induced current. //When the height of the
magnet higher, the velocity increases
MV: velocity of the magnet
RV: magnitude of the induced current
CV: number of turns of the coil
Bar magnet, a coil of cooper wire, miliammeter, meter ruler,
connecting wires

MARK
1
1
1

1
1
1

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

158

(c)(iv)

(c)(v)

1. The apparatus is arranged as shown in diagram. The height

of bar magnet is adjusted at h = 20 cm.
2. The bar magnet is dropped into the coil of wire. Reading of
miliammeter for current is recorded.
3. The steps are repeated for h = 30 cm, h = 40 cm, h = 50 cm
and h = 60 cm

1
1
1
1

h/ cm
20
30
40
50
60

(c)(vi)

I/ mA

(c)(vii)

TOTAL

12

BAB 9: ELEKTRONIK
BAHAGIAN A
NO.1
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

(a)(iii)

ANSWER
Diagram 6.1 anode of the diode is connected to positive terminal of
dry cell.
Diagram 6.2 anode of diode is connected to the negative terminal
of dry cell.
Bulb in diagram 6.1 lights up, bulb in Diagram 6.2 does not lights up.
The bulb does not light up when the positive diode is connected to
negative battery // reversed biased
OR
The bulb light up when the positive diode is connected to positive
battery// forward biased

MARK
1

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1
(a)(iv)
1
1

- AC power supply
- arrangement of diodes (output & input)

1
(a)(v)
(a)(vi)

Capacitor
TOTAL

NO.2
(a)

ANSWER

MARK
1
1
1

Convert AC to DC
Four diode

(b)(i)
Full wave rectifcation
With capacitor

1
1

(b)(ii)
(c)
(d)
(e)(i)

1
8

Smoother the current

Circuit R
Allows current to flow in only one direction
T = 4 x 0.02 = 0.08 s
f = 1/0.08

1
1
1
1
1

(e)(ii)
= 12.5 Hz

1
1

(e)(iii)
No change in amplitude, half period
TOTAL

12

BAHAGIAN B

NO.3
(a)
(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

ANSWER
Cathode ray is a narrow beam of a fast electrons moving in a
vacuum.
Negative/ (-)
Voltage of EHT in diagram 10.2 is greater than 10.1
The deflection in diagram 10.2 is greater than 10.1
Voltage of EHT increases, the strength of electric field
increases // directly proportional
The strength of electric field increases , the deflection of the

MARK
1
1
1
1
1
1

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160

(d)

cathode ray increases// directly proportional

The cathode is heated emits electrons
The electron/cathode ray accelerated
Cathode rays travel in a straight line.
Cathode rays is blocked by maltase cross
Cathode rays carry kinetic energy and converts to light energy
when they hit the screen.

1
1
1
1
1

(e)
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Filament
3. Cathode

5. Control Grid

7. Focusing anode
9. Accelerating anode
11. Y-plates
13. X-plates

REASON
2. To heat up the
cathode
4. Emits electrons
6. Controls the
number of
electrons// control
the brightness of
the image on the
screen
8. Focuses the
electrons into a
beam
10. To accelerate
electrons to towards
the screen
12. To deflect the
electron beam
vertically
14. To deflect the
electron beam
horizontally
TOTAL

Max= 10

Max=20

BAHAGIAN C
NO.4
(a)
(b)

ANSWER
Semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity better than
insulator but weaker than a conductor
Doping process/Silicon is doped with pentavalent
atoms/Phosphorus/ Antimony
To produce covalent bond
Increase the free electron inside the semiconductor
Majority charge-carriers is negative electron

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1
1
1
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161

(c)(i)
(c)(ii)
(c)(iii)

V X-Z = 6 V
Si
V X-Y = 6 1 = 5 V

Si

RM
6V
VM
Si
P
RM RN

RM Si
6V Si
5
R

1000
M

Si

Si

Si

Si

Max=4
1
1

Free electron
P

Si

5RM+ 5 000 = 6RM

RM= 5 000

(d)
CHARACTERISTICS

2.
1. LDR is connected at
base circuit

3. Terminal positive of

4.

batteries is connected to
collector

5. Bulbs are arranged in

6.

parallel circuit

8.
7. Relay switch is used

REASON
When intensity of
light is low / dark,
resistance of LDR
increases / so Vbase
is large / transistor
switched on
So that the
transistor is forward
biased
All bulbs are
connected to
voltage supply of
95V
So that the
secondary circuit
will switch on // So
that the
electromagnet will
switch on the
secondary circuit

Max= 10

1. R is chosen
2. Because.....1357//2468
TOTAL

20

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

162

BAB 10: RADIOAKTIF

BAHAGIAN A
NO.1

ANSWER
Time for the activity of the radioactive substance to become half of

(a)

the original activity // Time taken for half of the mass of radioactive

(b)(i)
(b)(ii)
(c)
(d)

substance to decay
X : 10 minutes

Y : 05 minutes
X : 50 %

1
1

Y : 25 %
The decay rates for substance X is slower//vice versa

1
1

The shorter the half life, the higher the decay rate
Background radiation

1
1
8

TOTAL
NO.2
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)

MARK
1

ANSWER

MARK
1

8 hours
Shorter time taken
Strong

1
1

Gamma ray
Liquid

1
1

Easier to dissolved
TOTAL

1
6

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BAHAGIAN B
NO.3
(a)
(b)(i)

(b)(ii)

(b)(iii)
(c)

ANSWER
Unstable nucleus
Exponential graph
The time taken for the activity to become half of its initial value is
constant
The time taken for the activity of P to be half its initial value is
constant //5 hrs
The time taken for the activity of Q to be half its initial value is
constant //100 s
Half-life
Put the radioactive source opposite the detector
Detector is connected to the thickness indicator
Detector detect the reading of the changes in counts
Thickness is measured with the thickness indicator
If the reading of the detector is less than the specified value, the
thickness of the paper is too tick/ vice versa

MARK
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max= 4

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164
(d)
CHARACTERISTICS
Uses thick lead box

Max= 10

REASON
Radioactive rays
cannot pass through

Packed into concrete drum

and buried underground

Prevent the radioactive

waste discharged to the
environment

Use forceps/ robotic hand

Avoid direct touching

Use siren

Faster warning when

leakage

Wearing photographic films

Detect the exposure

radiations

TOTAL

Max=20

BAHAGIAN C
NO.4
(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

ANSWER
Unstable isotope
Beta particles penetrates through the paper
and detected by the detector
If the detector detect lower reading the paper is too thick // If the
detector detect higher reading the paper is thin
The roller has to compress harder if the paper is thick // Vice
versa

MARK
1
1
1
1
1

(b)
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Graphite
3. Boron / Cadmium
5. Heavy water

REASON
2. To slow down the fast
neutrons produced by the
fission.
4. To absorb some of the
neutrons // reduce the rate
of the fission reaction.
6. To absorb heat from the

Max= 10

PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN

165

nuclear reaction// have high

specific heat capacity
8. To prevent leakage of
radiation from the reactor
core

7. Thick

9. R is chosen
10. Because.... 1357//2468
(c)(i)

m=0.19585 1.66 1027

E=mc

1
1

3 108 2
0.19585 1.66 1027
2.92599 1011 J
(c)(ii)

P=

E
t
1

11

2.92599 10

6
5 10

5.8512 1010 W
TOTAL

20