1) Describe the layers in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.

[10 marks]

Answer:
The Open Systems Interconnect which is 'OSI' model has seven layers. This article
describes and explains them, beginning with the 'lowest' in the hierarchy is physical and
proceeding to the 'highest' is application. The layers are stacked this way, it is Application,
Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link and Physical.
The first layer is Physical layer which is placed at the lowest in the hierarchy. This layer
transmits bits from one computer to another and regulates the transmission of a stream of bits
over a physical medium. This layer determined how the cable is attached to the network
adapter and what transmission technique is used to send data over the cable.
The layer 2 is Data Link layer. This layer package raw bit from the Physical layer into
frames, the logical, structures packets for data. It is responsible for transferring frames from
one computer to another, without errors. After delivering a frame, it waits for an
acknowledgment from the receiving computer.
The layer 3 is Network layer. This layer handles the routing of the data, addresses
messages and translates logical addresses and names into physical addresses. It also defined
the route from the source to the destination computer and manages traffic problems it also
called as flow control, such as switching, routing, and controlling the congestion of data
packets.
The layer 4 is Transport layer. This layer handles error recognition and recovery, manages
the end-to-end control and error-checking. For example of manages the end-to-end control,
determining whether all packets have arrived It ensures complete data transfer.
The layer 5 is Session layer. This layer let applications on different computers to establish,
use, and end a session or connection. This layer builds dialog control between the two
computers in a session, regulating which side transmits, and when and how long it transmits.
The layer 6 is Presentation layer. This is a layer, usually part of the operating system, that
converts incoming and outgoing data from one presentation format to another. For example,
from the text stream into a popup window with the newly arrived text. This layer also
manages security issues by providing services such as data encryption and compression.
Sometime it also called as the syntax layer.

The last layer which is place at the highest in the hierarchy, it is called Application layer.
This is the layer at which communication partners were identified, quality of service is
identified, user authentication and privacy were considered, and any constraints on data
syntax are identified. In addition, this layer is not the application itself, although some
applications may carry out application layer functions. It represents the services that directly
support applications such as software for file transfers, database access, email, and network
games.

2) Suppose that Mr. Martin has employed you to setup his Wi-Fi at his mansion, using the
D-Link router DIR-601. He is living in a neighborhood where radio frequencies bands such
as 2.412GHz, 2.437GHz, and 2.462 GHz are highly congested. One of his neighbors is a
computer expert, and Mr. Martin does not want his Wi-Fi password to be hacked that
neighbor. He also wants the Wi-Fi signal to cover the maximum possible range around his
huge mansion. Demonstrate the setup configuration that fulfills the requirements of Mr.
Martin,

using

the

online

D-Link

router

emulator

at

http://support.dlink.com/emulators/dir601/100NA/wireless.html. Show the screenshots of

the settings that you have entered.

[10 marks]

Answer:

3) One of the latest mobile internet technologies is 4G LTE. What are its advantages and
features?

[10 marks]

Answer:
The advantages of 4G LTE is reduce network traffic sending and receiving data at a more
rapid rate. 4G LTE also allows more users to utilise the same frequency, growing the overall
number of users who are able to access the technology. Moreover, 4G LTE faster upload and
download speed available reducing the problem of lag. In addition, focuses on VoIP which
supports more mobile capacity. Furthermore, it overall better end user experience.
This is the features of the latest mobile internet technologies in 4G LTE. It peaks download
rates of 326.4 Mbit/s and upload rates of 86.4 Mbit/s. It uses 44 antennas in case of
download rates but single antenna for upload rates. Moreover, peak data rates are support by
five different terminal classes that are determined from a voice centric class up to a high end
terminal and they will enable the terminals to process 20 MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, at
low cost it provides much better services. In addition, it is Flexible in use of existing as well
as new frequency Band. Moreover, it has open interface and has simple structural design. In
addition, it also lets even handed terminal power consumption.

Reference
-

Viswanathan, P. (2016). The Pros and the Cons of 4G Mobile Networks. [online]
About.com Tech. Available at: http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/carrierfaq/a/4gMobile-Networks-The-Pros-And-The-Cons.htm [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Painter, (2015). 4G vs LTE: Why you're not getting true 4G speeds. [online] PC
Advisor. Available at: http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/feature/mobile-phone/whatsdifference-between-4g-lte-3605656/ [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Wikipedia, (2016). LTE (telecommunication). [online] Available at:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication) [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Support.dlink.com, (2016). D-LINK SYSTEMS, INC | WIRELESS ROUTER | HOME.

[online] Available at: http://support.dlink.com/emulators/dir601/100NA/wireless.html
[Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Support.dlink.com, (2016). D-LINK SYSTEMS, INC. | WIRED ROUTER : Support /

Setup. [online] Available at:
http://support.dlink.com/emulators/ebr2310_revB/Help_Basic.html [Accessed 22 Feb.
2016].

Webopedia.com, (2016). The 7 Layers of the OSI Model - Webopedia Study Guide.
[online] Available at: http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp
[Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Wikipedia, (2016). OSI model. [online] Available at:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Support.microsoft.com, (2016). [online] Available at:

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/103884 [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].