256 F.

2d 464

Eva COOPER, Administratrix, Plaintiff, Appellant,

v.
R. J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, Defendant,
Appellee.
No. 5333.

United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.

June 12, 1958.

Lester S. Cramer, Boston, Mass., with whom Samuel Stern, Boston,

Mass., was on brief, for appellant.
Claude R. Branch, Boston, Mass., with whom John L. Hall, Rhodes G.
Lockwood and Choate, Hall & Stewart, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for
appellee.
Before MAGRUDER, Chief Judge, and WOODBURY and HARTIGAN,
Circuit judges.
PER CURIAM.

This action was originally commenced in the Superior Court for Suffolk
County, Massachusetts, on June 7, 1954. The plaintiff, as administratrix of the
estate of her deceased husband, Joseph Cooper, sought recovery of damages
from R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (1) under the Massachusetts Survival
Statute, to enforce an alleged cause of action accruing to her intestate during his
lifetime for conscious pain and suffering and pecuniary damages as the result
of his contraction of lung cancer from smoking a certain brand of defendant's
cigarettes, and (2) under the Massachusetts Death Act, G.L. c. 229, 1 et seq., to
recover for the ensuing wrongful death of the intestate.

Upon petition by the defendant, the action was removed to the United States
District Court for the District of Massachusetts. There followed extensive
proceedings in the district court, which need not now be stated in detail. The
district judge, having been dissatisfied with the prolixity of the allegations in
the complaint, gave leave to the plaintiff 'to file one substitute complaint, not a

series of amendments to prior pleadings here, in which substitute complaint you

may set forth, if you see fit, a cause of action for deceit and a cause of action
for negligence'. In compliance with this leave, plaintiff filed a substitute
complaint setting forth ten counts in all, on June 21, 1955. Defendant moved to
dismiss the substitute complaint because of the plaintiff's disregard of the
requirements of Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A.,
'and because of the plaintiff's manifest failure to comply with the Court's
instructions regarding the complaint.' This motion the district court granted, and
it entered judgment on November 10, 1955, dismissing the plaintiff's substitute
complaint.
3

On appeal, a majority of this court were of opinion that Counts V and VIII of
the substitute complaint set forth with reasonable conciseness, and in
compliance with Rule 8, conventional causes of action in deceit, based upon
alleged fraudulent representations contained in newspaper advertisements and
radio and television broadcasts. We accordingly vacated the judgment of the
district court and remanded the case to that court for further proceedings (1
Cir., 234 F.2d 170); though in all candor we must say that when we thus
remanded the case for trial, we had no lively expectation that the plaintiff
would ever be able to substantiate the causes of action for deceit set forth in
Counts V and VIII.

In the course of the opinion of this court we stated as follows:

'The court gives as its second reason for dismissal of the action that 'the
complaint is so drafted that it could not satisfactorily be used by a judge for the
purpose of making rulings during the course of a trial.' Whereas this statement
is doubtless true of the complaint taken as a whole, we believe it has no valid
application to Count V.' (234 F.2d 174.)

When the case got back to the district court, that court entertained a motion by
the defendant to strike all the counts of the substitute complaint except Counts
V and VIII, which the court of appeals had approved. At a hearing on
November 20, 1956, the district court granted this motion to strike, apparently
with the acquiescence of plaintiff's counsel in the view that, as a result of the
mandate of the court of appeals, only Counts V and VIII remained in the
complaint. So far as appears, the further proceedings in the district court were
based upon the assumption on all sides that the complaint before the court
consisted solely of the allegations in Counts V and VIII.

We perceive no reversible error in the action of the district court in granting the

defendant's motion to strike from the complaint all the counts except V and
VIII.
8

Subsequently the defendant filed certain interrogatories with reference to

allegations in Counts V and VIII that Joseph Cooper had relied upon
representations in certain newspaper advertisements and television and radio
broadcasts to the effect that '20,000 doctors say that 'Camel' cigarettes are
healthful' and that such cigarettes 'are harmless to the respiratory system'. The
interrogatories requested the plaintiff to state, as to each such representation
upon which Joseph Cooper relied, the name and date of the newspaper
publication and the name and date and identification of the television and radio
programs. In response to these interrogatories, the plaintiff answered that the
earliest newspaper advertisement upon which Cooper relied was published in
the Boston Globe on or about March 12, 1951, and repeated in advertisements
thereafter, to the effect that a nationwide survey indicated that 'More Doctors
Smoke CAMELS than any other cigarette.' As to the representations in the
television and radio programs, plaintiff replied that she intended to rely upon
representations in the programs on or about March 12, 1951, April 7, 1952,
May 19, 1952, July 14, 1952, and October 6, 1952, to the general effect that
Camel cigarettes are mild and agree with the throat.

On November 21, 1957, defendant filed a motion for summary judgment

accompanied by an affidavit by the chairman of the board of directors of the
defendant company and by an affidavit by the president of the defendant's
advertising agency. The latter affidavit read in part: 'No copy for advertisement
of any kind for Camel Cigarettes was furnished for publication by any
newspaper or other publication or by radio or television during said period
(1951-1953) containing the words '20,000 doctors say that 'Camel' Cigarettes
are healthful' or "Camel' Cigarettes are harmless to the respiratory system', or
containing other words with the same meaning.' No opposing affidavits were
filed by the plaintiff.

10

It is apparent from the uncontradicted affidavits, and from the plaintiff's

answers to defendant's interrogatories, that there was no genuine issue of fact
properly to be submitted to a jury, and therefore that the trial judge committed
no error in entering a summary judgment for the defendant as permitted by Rule
56, F.R.C.P. 158 F.Supp. 22. This is entirely apart from the fact that our
credulity would indeed be strained by an assumption that a fatal case of lung
cancer could have developed in such a short period after the alleged smoking
by Cooper of Camel cigarettes in reliance upon representations by the
defendant in the various forms of advertising.

11

The district court's judgment dismissing the action pursuant to defendant's

motion for summary judgment was entered on December 26, 1957. Thereafter,
on January 7, 1958, when there was no complaint before the court to be
amended, plaintiff filed a motion to amend her substitute complaint. We think it
clear that the district court had no power at that late stage to grant the motion,
see United States v. Newbury Mfg. Co., 1 Cir., 1941, 123 F.2d 453, 454,
though the court did presumably still have power under Rule 60, F.R.C.P., to
vacate its judgment of dismissal on any of the grounds available in Rule 60(b).
But if it be assumed that the district court had power in its discretion to allow
the further amendment of the complaint as urged in the plaintiff's motion of
January 7, 1958, still we would be obliged to hold that the court committed no
abuse of discretion in denying the motion. In the connection the court said:

12

'I deny the motion to amend to substitute complaint-- on the ground that
judgment has already entered, and on the ground that this case has been so long
in this Court and so much advice had been given to the plaintiff, both by the
Court of Appeals and by this Court, which she chose to disregard, that it would
be most unfair now to reopen the matter.'

13

A judgment will be entered affirming the judgment of the District Court.