CHUYN 6.

HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

A. PHN L THUYT
I. ANKEN
1. Khi nim - ng phn - Danh php
a. Khi nim:
Anken l hidrocacbon khng no mch h c 1 ni i trong phn t.
C CTTQ l CnH2n (n 2 )
Cc cht C2H4, C3H6, C4H8 . . . CnH2n (n2) hp thnh dy ng ng
ca anken.
b. ng phn: C hai loi ng phn
ng phn cu to: (ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr lin kt i)
Th d:
C4H8 c ba ng phn cu to.
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3;
CH3-CH=CH-CH3;
CH2=C(CH3)-CH3
ng phn hnh hc (cis - trans):
- Cho anken c CTCT: abC=Ccd.
- iu kin xut hin ng phn hnh hc l: a b v c d.
Th d:
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 c hai ng phn hnh hc
H
C=C

H3
C
H

CH3

H
H3
trans
- but-2-en
C

C=C

CH3
H

cis - but-2-en

c. Danh php:
Danh php thng: Ging tn ankan nhng thay ui an = ilen.
- V d:

C2H4 (Etilen),

C3H6 (propilen)

Danh php quc t (tn thay th):

S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh + s ch v tr lin kt i + en

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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

- V d:
4

But-2-en

C H3 - C H = C H - C H 3
1

C H 2 = C(CH 3 ) - C H 3

2 - Metylprop-1-en

2. Tnh cht vt l
iu kin thng th
- T C2H4 C4H8 l cht kh.
- T C5H10 tr i l cht lng hoc cht rn.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
a,Phn ng cng (c trng)
- Cng H2:
CnH2n
+
H2 Ni, t
CnH2n+2
Ni, t
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2
CH3-CH2-CH3
- Cng Halogen:

CnH2n +
X2
CnH2nX2

CH2=CH2 + Br2
CH2Br - CH2Br
Note:
- Dng Br2 nhn bit anken ( lm mt mu )
- Cng HX (X: Cl, Br, OH . . .)
- Th d:
CH2=CH2 + HOH
CH3-CH2OH
H
CH2=CH2 + HBr
CH3-CH2Br
Note:
- Cc anken c cu to phn t khng i xng khi cng HX c th cho
hn hp hai sn phm
0

CH3-CH=CH2

HBr

CH3-CH2-CH2Br (spp)
1-brompropan
CH3-CHBr-CH3 (spc)

Quy tc Maccopnhicop:
2-brompropan
- Trong phn ng cng HX vo lin kt i, nguyn t H (phn mang
in dng) ch yu cng vo nguyn t C bc thp hn (c nhiu H
hn), cn nguyn hay nhm nguyn t X (phn mang in m) cng
vo nguyn t C bc cao hn (t H hn).
b. Phn ng trng hp:
- iu kin: Phn t phi c lin kt i C=C.
nCH2=CH2
Etilen

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( CH2-CH2 )n
Polietilen (P.E)

GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

c, Phn ng oxi ha:

Oxi ha hon ton:
CnH2n

3n
O2
2

t0

nCO2

nH2O ( n H O = n CO )
2

Oxi ha khng hon ton:

- Anken c th lm mt mu dung dch B2 v dung dch thuc tm.
Note:
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anken v hp cht cha lin kt .
4. iu ch
a. Phng th nghim:
CnH2n+1OH H SO , 170 C
CnH2n
+
H2 O
b. iu ch t ankan:
CnH2n+2
CnH2n
+
H2

t , p, xt
2

II. ANKADIEN
1. nh ngha - Phn loi - Danh php
a, nh ngha:
- L hidrocacbon khng no mch h, trong phn t cha hai lin kt C=C
- CTTQ ca HC khng no mch h l : CnH2n-2 (n 3 )
- V d: CH2=C=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH2 . . .
b. Phn loi: C ba loi:
- Ankadien c hai lin kt i lin tip.
- Ankadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau bi mt lin kt n (ankadien lin
hp).
- Ankadien c hai lin kt i cch nhau t hai lin kt n tr ln.
c. Danh php:
S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh
+ s ch v tr lin kt i + ien.
V d: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 (buta-1,3-ien)
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng cng (H2, X2, HX)
Cng H2:
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 +
2H2

Cng brom:
Cng 1:2
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 +
Br2 (dd) -80 C
0

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Ni, t 0

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

CH2=CH-CHBr - CH2Br

GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

(spc)

Cng 1:4
CH2=CH-CH=CH2

Br2 (dd)

Cng ng thi vo hai lin kt i

CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2Br2 (dd)
Cng HX
Cng 1:2
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 +
HBr -80 C

400 C

CH2Br-CH=CH-CH2Br
(spc)

Cng 1:4
CH2=CH-CH=CH2

HBr

400 C

CH2Br-CHBr-CHBr-CH2Br

CH2=CH-CHBr-CH3
(spc)
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2Br
(spc)

b. Phn ng trng hp:

nCH2=CH-CH=CH2

( CH2-CH=CH-CH2 )n

Cao su buna
c, Phn ng oxi ha:
Oxi ha hon ton
2C4H6
+ 11O2 t
8CO2 + 6H2O
Oxi ha khng hon ton
- Tng t nh anken th ankadien c th lm mt mu dd thuc tm.
Note:
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ankadien.
3. iu ch
c iu ch t ankan tng ng bng phn ng tch H2.
CH3CH2CH2CH3 xt, t
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2
xt, t
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 + 2H2
0

III. ANKIN
1. Khi nim - ng phn - Danh php
a. Khi nim
- L hidrocacbon khng no mch h trong phn t c mt lin kt C C
- CTTQ l CnH2n-2 (n 2).
- Cc cht C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 . . .CnH2n-2 (n 2) hp thnh mt dy ng
ng ca axetilen.
b. ng phn

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CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

- Ch c ng phn cu to (ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr lin kt

C C ).
- Ankin khng c ng phn hnh hc.
- Th d:
o C4H6 c hai ng phn
CHC-CH2-CH3

CH3-CC-CH3.

c. Danh php:
Danh php thng:
Tn gc ankyl + axetilen

V d:
C2H2
(axetilen),
CHC-CH3 (metylaxetilen)
Danh php thay th:

S ch v tr nhnh + tn nhnh + tn mch C chnh

+ s ch v tr ni 3 + in
V d:
4

But-1-in

C H3 - C H 2 - C C H
2

But-2-in
C H 3 - C C- C H 3
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng cng (H2, X2, HX, phn ng ime ha v trime ha).
Cng H2

CHCH + H2
CH2=CH2
Ni, t
Ni, t
CH2=CH2 + H2
CH3-CH3

Note:
- Nu dng xc tc Pd/PbCO3 ankin ch cng mt phn t H2 to anken
CHCH + H2
CH2=CH2
Pd/PbCO , t
Cng X2

CHCH + Br2

CHBr =CHBr
CHBr=CHBr + Br2
CHBr2-CHBr2
Cng HX

HgCl

150-200
CHCH + HCl
CH2 =CHCl
C
Phn ng ime ha - trime ha

2CHCH xt, t
CH2=CH-CCH (vinyl axetilen)
600 C
3CHCH xt
C6H6
b. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi:
iu kin: Phi c lin kt 3 u mch.

2
0

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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

R-CCH

AgNO3 + NH3

R-CCAg

NH4NO3

Note:
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit Ank-1-in
c. Phn ng oxi ha:
Oxi ha hon ton:

CnH2n-2

3n -1
O2
2

nCO2 +

(n-1)H2O

Note:
- S mol anken = s mol CO2 s mol H2O
Oxi ha khng hon ton:
- Tng t nh anken v ankadien, ankin cng c kh nng lm mt
mu dung dch thuc tm. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ankin.
3. iu ch:
a. Phng th nghim:
CaC2 +
2H2O
C2H2
+
Ca(OH)2
b, Trong cng nghip:
2CH4
C2H2
+
3H2

1500 C

IV. BENZEN V DY NG NG:

1. ng ng - ng phn - Danh php:
a. ng ng:
- Dy ng ng ca benzen c CTTQ l CnH2n-6.
b. ng phn:
- ng phn v v tr tng i ca cc nhm ankyl xung quanh vng
benzen (o, m, p).
- V d: Vit ng phn benzen ca C8H10
C2H5

CH3

CH3

CH3
CH3

CH3

c. Danh php:
- Gi tn theo danh php h thng.
S ch v tr nhm ankyl + tn ankyl + benzen.

CH3

- V d: C6H5CH3 (metylbenzen).
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng th:

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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

Th nguyn t H vng benzen

- Tc dng vi halogen

Br
bt Fe

+
Br2

+
HBr

- Cho ankyl benzen phn ng vi brom c bt st th thu c hn hp

sn phm th brom ch yu vo v tr ortho v para.
- V d:

CH3
-Br

CH3

Br2

HBr

HBr

o-bromtoluen
CH3

Br

p-bromtoluen
- Phn ng gia benzen v ng ng vi axit HNO 3 xy ra tng t nh
phn ng vi halogen.
Quy tc th H vng benzen: Cc ankyl benzen d tham gia phn
ng th nguyn t H ca vng benzen hn benzen v s th u tin
v tr ortho v para so vi nhm ankyl.
Th nguyn t H mch chnh
C6H5CH3 + Br2 t
C6H5CH2Br + HBr
b. Phn ng cng:
Cng H2 v cng Cl2.
c. Phn ng oxi ha:
Oxi ha khng hon ton:
- Toluen c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm cn benzen th
khng.
Note:
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit Toluen.
Phn ng oxi ha hon ton:
0

CnH2n-6

3n - 3
O2
2

n CO2

+ (n-3) H2O

V. STIREN:
Trng THPT Bn Ba
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CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

1. Cu to:
CTPT: C8H8; CTCT:
2. Tnh cht ha hc:
a. Phn ng vi dung dch Br2.

CH=CH
2

Note:
- Phn ng ny dng nhn bit stiren.
b. Phn ng vi H2.
c. Tham gia phn ng trng hp lin kt i C=C.
VI. NAPTTALEN:
1. Cu to phn t:
CTPT: C10H8. CTCT:
3. Tnh cht ha hc:
Tham gia phn ng th v tham gia phn ng cng.

B. BI TP C HNG DN GII
Dng 1. Lp CTPT ca anken
Gi CTPT ca anken l: CnH2n.
lp CTPT ca anken ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau
Cch 1:
- M = 14n. Tm M theo bi n CTPT
Cch 2:

n=

nCO2
nanken

CTPT

Cch 3:
- Ta lp t l trn PTHH a ra phng trnh bc nht mt n (n
l n). T tnh gii tr n.
Lu :
- Nu l hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip ca nhau th ta quy thnh
mt anken c CT l CnH2n . T tnh gi tr n .

Dng 2. Lp CTPT ca ankin

CTPT ca ankin l: CnH2n-2.

Trng THPT Bn Ba
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CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

lp CTPT ca ankin ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau

Cch 1: M = 14n - 2. Tm M theo bi n CTPT
Cch 2:

n=

nCO2
nankin

; nankin =nCO2 - nH2O

n=

nCO2
nankin

nCO2
nCO 2 nH2O

Cch 3:
- Ta lp t l trn PTHH a ra phng trnh bc nht mt n
- T tnh gii tr n CTPT
Lu :
- Nu l hn hp hai ankin ng ng k tip ca nhau th ta quy thnh
mt ankin c CT l CnH2n2 . T tnh gi tr n .
V d 1: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hidrocacbon X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (cc
th tch kh c o ktc). X tc dng vi AgNO 3 trong NH3 sinh ra kt ta Y.
Xc nh CTCT ca X.
Gii
Do X tc dng vi AgNO 3 trong NH3 sinh ra kt ta Y t ta c th suy ra

X l Ankin.
t CTPT ca X l: CnH2n-2.

2.24
6.72
nX =
=0.1(mol); nCO2 =
=0.3(mol)

22.4
22.4
nCO2 0.3

n
=
= =3

nankin 0.1
CTPT ca X l C3H4

CTCT ca X l: CHC - CH3

V d 2: t chy hon ton 6.72 lt hn hp X gm hai anken l ng ng k

tip nhau cn 26.88 lt kh oxi. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
Gii
t CTPT ca 2 anken l C H .
n 2n

6.72
26.88
nanken =
=0.3(mol); nO2 =
=1.2 (mol)

22.4
22.4
3n
CnH2n
n CO2 +
n H2O
+
O2
2
Trng THPT Bn Ba
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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

0.3

1.2

3n
n = 2.67.
2
Vy CT ca hai anken l: C2H4 v C3H6.

C 1.2 = 0,3.

C. PHN BI TP C BN
Cu 1. Vit CTCT cc ng phn (cu to) anken ng vi CTPT l C 4H8 v C5H10
v gi tn theo tn thay th.
Cu 2. Vit CTCT cc anken c tn gi sau:
a. Butilen, 2-metylbut-2-en, pent-1-en, 2,3-imetylpent-2-en.
b. Propilen, hex-1-en, etilen, 2-metylpent-1-en, iso-butilen.
Cu 3. Gi tn cc anken sau theo danh php thay th
a. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3, CH2=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3,
b. CH3-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3.
c. CH3-CH=CH-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3, CH2=CH-CH3, CH2=CH2.
Cu 4. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CH3-CH=CH-CH3
+
H2 Ni, t
b. CH2=CH-CH3
+
Br2
c. CH2=C(CH3)-CH3
+
HBr
d. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
+
H2O
H
e. CH3-CH=CH-CH3
+
HBr
f. C2H4
+
O2 t
g. nCH2=CH2

p, xt, t
h. nCH2=CH-CH3

p, xt, t
i. nCH2=CHCl

p, xt, t
Cu 5. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau i t cc cht hu c tng ng.
PE, PVC, etilen, propilen, 2-clopropan, ancol etylic.
Cu 6 (A-08). Cho cc cht sau:
CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2,
CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3,
CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3,
CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2.
Cht no c ng phn hnh hc.Vit CTCT cc ng phn cis-trans ca n.
Cu 7. Vit CTCT cc ng phn ankin ng vi CTPT l C 4H6 v C5H8 v gi tn
theo tn thay th.
Cu 8. Vit CTCT cc ankin c tn gi sau:
a. Metyl axetilen, etyl metyl axetilen, imetyl axetilen
0

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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

b. 3-metylbut-1-in, pent-1-in.
c. Hex-2-in, axetilen, 3,4-imetylpent-1-in.
Cu 9. Gi tn cc anken sau theo danh php thay th
a. CHCH-CH2-CH3, CHC-CH(CH3)-CH3,
b. CH3-C(CH3)=C(CH3)-CH2-CH3.
b. CH3-CC-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3, CHCH-CH3, CHCH.
Cu 10. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. CHC-CH3
+
H2 Ni, t
b. CHC-CH3
+
H2 Pd, PbCO , t
c. CHC-CH3
+
Br2
d. CHCH
+
HCl
e. CHCH
+
H2O Hg
f. 2CHCH

xt (imeha)
g. 3CHCH

600 C, xt (trimeha)
Cu 11. Vit PTHH iu ch cc cht sau t cc mono me tng ng.
Axetilen, vinyl clorua, benzen, vinyl axetilen.
Cu 12. Hon thnh cc chui phn ng sau:
a. CH4
C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H5Cl C2H4.
b. CH4
C2H2 C4H4 C4H6 polibutadien
c. CH4
C2H2 C6H6 C6H5Br
d. C2H6
C2H4 PE
e. CH4
C2H2 Vinyl clorua PVC
Cu 13. Nhn bit cc cht sau bng phng php ha hc.
a. CH4, C2H4, C2H2 v CO2.
b. But-1-in v but-2-in
c. Benzen, hex-1-en v toluen
d. Benzen, stiren v toluen
Cu 14. T CH4 iu ch: Cao su buna, benzen, PE v PVC.
Cu 15. Vit CTCT cc ng phn benzen ng vi CTPT C 8H10 v gi tn cc
ng phn .
Cu 16. Hon thnh cc PTHH ca cc phn ng sau:
a. C6H5CH3
+
Br2
t
b. C6H5CH3
+
Br2
Fe, t
c. C6H5CH3
+
HNO3(c)
H SO (c), t

d. C6H5CH=CH2 +
Br2

e. C6H5CH=CH2 +
HBr
f. nC6H5CH=CH2

p, xt, t
0

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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

Cu 17. t chy hon ton 3.36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen thu c 8.96

lt kh CO2 v m gam nc (cc kh u c o ktc).
a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 18. t chy hon ton hn hp kh C3H6 v C4H8. Ton b sn phm chy
thu c dn qua bnh 1 ng H 2SO4 (c), bnh 2 ng dung dch nc vi trong
d. Thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 9 gam, bnh 2 tng m gam. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 19. t chy hon ton 2.24 lt hn hp kh propilen v butilen. Ton b sn
phm chy thu c sc qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 25
gam kt ta v thy khi lng bnh tng ln m gam.
a. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 20. Dn t t 3,36 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch
brom thy dung dch b nht mu v khng c kh thot ra. Khi lng dung dch
sau phn ng tng 4,9 gam.
a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn.
b. Tnh % theo th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 21. Dn t t 4,48 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen (ktc) vo dung dch
brom d thy c 80 gam brom phn ng.
a. Vit cc PTHH v gii thch cc hin tng th nghim trn.
b. Tnh th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 22. t chy hon ton 0.672 lt hn hp kh etilen v propilen cn 2.688 lt
kh oxi. Ton b sn phm chy thu c sc vo dung dch nc vi trong d thu
c m gam kt ta.
a. Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh gi tr m.
Cu 23. t chy hon ton 4.48 lt hn hp hai anken X (ktc) l ng ng k
tip ca nhau thu c 11.2 lt kh CO2 (ktc).
a. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
b. Tnh % th tch mi anken trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 24. t chy hon ton 6.72 lt hn hp X gm hai anken l ng ng k tip
nhau cn 26.88 lt kh oxi.
a. Xc nh cng thc ca hai anken.
b. Cho hn hp X qua dung dch brom d, tnh khi lng brom tham
gia phn ng.
Cu 25. Oxi ha hon ton 0,68 gam ankadien X thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc).
a. Tm cng thc phn t ca X.
b. Vit CTCT c th c ca X.

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CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

Cu 26. Cho 4,48 lt hn hp kh gm metan v etilen i qua dung dch brom d,

thy dung dch b nht mu v c 1,12 lt kh thot ra. Cc th tch kh o iu
kin tiu chun. Tnh % theo th tch mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 27. Dn 3,36 lt hn hp A gm propin v etilen i vo mt lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy cn 0,84 lt kh thot ra v c m gam kt ta. Cc th
tch kh c o iu kin tiu chun.
a. Tnh % theo th tch etilen trong A.
b. Tnh m.
Cu 28. Dn 6,72 lt hn hp kh X gm propan, etilen v axetilen qua dung dch
brom d, thy cn 1,68 lt kh khng b hp th. Nu dn 6,72 lt kh X trn qua
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thy c 24,24 gam kt ta. Cc th tch kh o iu
kin tiu chun.
a. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh % theo th tch v theo khi lng mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 29. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hidrocacbon X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (cc
th tch kh c o ktc). X tc dng vi AgNO 3 trong NH3 sinh ra kt ta Y.
Xc nh CTCT ca X.
Cu 30. Hidrocacbon X l cht lng c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,17. t
chy hon ton X thu c CO 2 c khi lng bng 4,28 ln khi lng H 2O.
nhit thng X khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Khi un nng X lm mt
mu dung dch KMnO4. Tm CTPT v vit CTCT ca X.
Cu 31. Cho benzen tc dng vi lng d HNO3 c c xc tc H2SO4 c
iu ch nitrobenzen. Tnh khi lng nitrobenzen thu c khi dng 1 tn benzen
vi hiu sut 78%.
Cu 32. Trng hp 5,6 lt C2H4 (ktc) nu hiu sut phn ng t 90% th khi
lng polime thu c l bao nhiu?
Cu 33. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt C 3H6 ( ktc) ri cho sn phm chy i qua
bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong c d thy khi lng bnh tng m(g). Xc
nh gi tr ca m.
Cu 34. Hn hp X gm C2H4 v C2H2. Dn 1,12 lt hn hp X i qua bnh ng
dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 2,4 g kt ta vng. Xc nh th tch ca C 2H4 v
C2H2 o c iu kin chun?
Cu 35. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt hn hp kh C2H4 v C3H6 (ktc) thu c
11,2 lt kh CO2 (ktc).
a. Xc nh % theo th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.
b. Tnh khi lng nc sinh ra.

D. PHN BI TP NNG CAO

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CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

Cu 1 (A-07). Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong

khi lng phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn
phm kh hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c m gam kt ta.
Tnh m.
Cu 2 (B-2008). t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm C 2H2 v hirocacbon X
sinh ra 2 lt kh CO2 v 2 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca X.
Cu 3 (B-2010). Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken. T khi ca X so
vi H2 bng 11,25. t chy hon ton 4,48 lt X, thu c 6,72 lt CO 2 (cc th
tch kh o ktc). Xc nh cng thc ca ankan v anken.
Cu 4 (A-07). Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t
qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br 2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, s
mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Xc nh cng
thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon.
Cu 5 (B-08). Dn 1,68 lt hn hp kh X gm hai hirocacbon vo bnh ng
dung dch brom (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c 4 gam brom phn
ng v cn li 1,12 lt kh. Nu t chy hon ton 1,68 lt X th sinh ra 2,8 lt kh
CO2. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon (bit cc th tch kh u o
ktc).
Cu 6 (A-2010). un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,02 mol C 2H2 v 0,03 mol H2
trong mt bnh kn (xc tc Ni), thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y li t t vo bnh
nc brom (d), sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, khi lng bnh tng m gam v c
280 ml hn hp kh Z (ktc) thot ra. T khi ca Z so vi H 2 l 10,08. Tnh gi tr
ca m.
Cu 7 (B-09). Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn
phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc
Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt
mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H 2 bng 13. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca
anken.
Cu 8 (C-09). Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn
X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Tnh hiu
sut ca phn ng hiro ho.
Cu 9 (C-2010). Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H 2 (xc tc
Pd/PbCO3, t0), thu c hn hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Xc nh cng thc
phn t ca X.
Cu 10. Hn hp X gm mt olefin M v H2 c khi lng phn t trung bnh
10.67 i qua Ni un nng thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H 2 l 18. Bit
M phn ng ht. Xc nh CTPT ca M.

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GV. Nguyn Mnh Quang

CHUYN 6. HIDROCACBON KHNG NO - HIDROCACBON THM

Cu 11 (C-2010). Cho 3,12 gam ankin X phn ng vi 0,1 mol H 2 (xc tc

Pd/PbCO3, t0), thu c hn hp Y ch c hai hirocacbon. Xc nh cng thc
phn t ca X.

THE END

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