I CNG V KIM LOI

A- KIN THC TRNG TM

I- c im cu to:
- S electron lp ngoi cng t (1,2,3 e).
- Bn knh nguyn t ln.
- m in nh.
- Nng long ion ha nh.
II- Tnh cht ha hc: Do c im cu to nguyn t nh trn nn khi tham gia phn ng cc kim loi
thng c khuynh hng nhng electron v th hin tnh kh.
R Rn+ +ne
1- Tc dng vi phi kim.
VD: 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4
2Na + S Na2S (Tr Hg tham gia c iu kin thng cn cc kim loi khc phi cn
c nhit ).
2- Tc dng vi axit:
a- Vi cc axit c tnh OXH yu: HCl, H2SO4(long)
- Ch c nhng kim loi ng trc H2 trong dy hot ng ha hc mi tham gia phn ng.
- Khi tham gia phn ng kim loi b OXH n mc OXH thp v gii phng sn phm kh l kh
H2.
VD: Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Fe + H2SO4(long) FeSO4 + H2
Cu + HCl khng xy ra phn ng.
b- Vi cc axit c tnh OXH mnh: H2SO4 m c, HNO3
- Tc dng hu ht vi cc kim loi tr vng v bch kim
- Khi tham gia phn ng kim loi b OXH n mc OXH cc i v gii phng sn phm kh l
cc cht S, SO2, N2, N2O, NO, NO2, NH4NO3
VD: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 c nng Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 3H2O.
3Cu + 8HNO3 long 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
* Lu :
- Ty thuc vo mnh yu ca kim loi, c long ca axt tham gia phn ng iu kin ca
phn ng m sn phm kh l cht ny hoc cht khc (i vi cc kim loi trung bnh v yu khi tham
gia phn ng vi HNO3 long thng cho sn phm l NO, cn khi tham gia vi HNO3 c th thng cho
sn phm l NO2) .
- Cc kim loi Al, Fe, Cr th ng vi H2SO4 c ngui v HNO3 c ngui.
3- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
* Ch c nhng kim lai c tnh kh mnh hn mi y c kim loi c tnh kh yu hn ra khi
dung dch mui.
VD: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu.
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
* Cc kim loi mnh nh: KLK, KLKT (tr Mg v Be) khi tc dng vi cc dung dch mui cho ra
hidroxit khng tan tng ng + mui mi v gii phng kh H2
VD
2Na + 2H2O + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + H2
4- Tc dng vi H2O: Cc kim loi kim v kim loi kim th tac dng c vi H2O iu kin
thng.
VD: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
- Cc kim loi trung bnh tc dng c vi H2O nhit cao
VD: 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2
- Cc kim loi yu khng tc dng c vi H2O

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 1

* Lu : Al, Zn, Mg, Be khng tham gia phn ng vi H2O v c lp mng oxit bn vng bo v khng
cho H2O tip xc vi lp kim loi bn trong. Nhng trong mi trng baz mnh Al, Zn tan c trong
H2O theo cc phn ng sau:
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 +3H2.
Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2.
5- Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: Trong iu kin nhit cao cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh c kh c
cc oxit kim loi thnh kim loi t do.
VD: 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe
2Al + Cr2O3 2Al2O3 + 2Cr
III- Dy hot ng ha hc ca kimloi: L mt dy gm cc cp OXH-K c sp xp theo chiu tng
dn v tnh OXH ca ion kim loi v gim dn v tnh kh ca kim loi.
Tnh OXH ca ion kim loi tng dn
K+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ 2H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Hg2+ Ag+ Pt2+ Au3+
K Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Fe2+ Hg Ag Pt Au
Tnh kh ca kim loi gim dn
IV iu ch kim loi:
1- Nguyn tc: Thc hin qu trnh kh ion kim loi trong cc cc hp cht thnh kim loi t do.
Mn+ + ne M
2- Phng php:
a- Phng php thy luyn: Dng kim loi c tnh kh mnh y kim loi c tnh kh yu ra khi dung
dch mui.
VD:
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu.
Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
b- Phng php nhit luyn: Dng cc cht kh: Al, C, CO, H2 kh ion kim loi trong cc oxit thnh
kim loi t do nhit cao.
VD: 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe (Phn ng nhit nhm).
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
c- Phng php in phn: Dng dng in mt chiu kh ion kim loi anot thnh kim loi t do.
* in phn nng chy: Dng iu ch cc kim loi mnh.
PNC
VD
2NaCl
2Na + Cl2
* in phn dung dch: iu ch hu ht cc kim loi.
PDD
VD: CuCl2
Cu + Cl2
PDD
4AgNO3 + 2H2O
4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2
V - n mn kim loi: L s ph hy kim loi do tc dung ca cc cht trong mi trng.
1- n mn ha hc: L s ph hy kim loi do kim loi tc dng trc tip vi cc cht ca mi trng,
trong cc electron ca kim loi chuyn trc tip n cc cht ca mi trng.
VD: St b OXH do tc dng vi oxi khng kh, hi nc nhit cao.
2- n mn in ha (ph bin): L s ph hy kim loi do kim loi tip xc vi cht in li sinh ra dng
in.
3. Chng n mn in ha:
a- Phng php bo v b mt: Ph ln b mt kim loi mt lp sn, du m, cht do hoc m, trng
lp b mt kim loi mt lp kim loi hoc hp kim chng g, dng cht km hm.
b. Phng php in ha: Dng mt kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn bo v kim loi c tnh kh yu
hn.

B- CC DNG BI TP VN DNG
Dng 1.

XC NH TN NGUYN T KIM LOI

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 2

I- C S L THUYT
Phng php gii: Do nhng kim loi khc nhau c khi lng mol khc nhau nn
xc nh tn nguyn t kim loi ngi ta thng da vo khi lng mol ca n.
Lu :
1- Nu 2 kim loi thuc cng mt phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k lin tip
nhau th gi R l kim loi tng ng ri i tm khi lng nguyn t trung bnh
ca 2 kim loi trn v s dng bng HTTH xc nh tn ca 2 kim loi .
2- i vi cc kim loi nhiu ha tr (VD nh Fe, Cr) th khi tc dng vi cc
cht c mnh v tnh OXH khc nhau nhiu th thng th hin cc ho tr khc nhau,
v vy khi vit PTP ta phi t cho n nhng ho tr khc nhau.
VD:

R + nHCl RCln +

n
H2
2

2R + mCl2 2RClm

3- Nn ch n vic s dng phng php tng gim khi lng v nh

lut bo ton electron: Tng s mol electron cho i bng tng s mol electron nhn
vo rt ngn thi gian gii ton.
II-BI TP VN DNG
Bi 1. Ho tan hon ton 2 gam kim loi thuc nhm IIA vo dung dch HCl v sau c cn dung dch
ngi ta thu c 5,55 gam mui khan. Kim loi nhm IIA l:
A. Be.
B. Ba.
C. Ca.
D. Mg.
Bi 2. Nhit phn hon ton 3,5 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 thu c 1,96 gam cht rn.
Mui cacbonat ca kim loi dng l:
A. FeCO3.
B. BaCO3.
C. MgCO3.
D. CaCO3.
Bi 3. Ho tan hon ton 0,575 gam mt kim loi km vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn
25 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. Kim loi ho tan l:
A. Li.
B. K.
C. Na.
D. Rb.
Bi 4. Lng kh clo sinh ra khi cho dung dch HCl c d tc dng vi 6,96 gam MnO2 oxi ho kim
loi M (thuc nhm IIA), to ra 7,6 gam mui khan. Kim loi M l:
A. Ba.
B. Mg.
C. Ca.
D. Be.
Bi 5. Ho tan 2,52 gam mt kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 long d, c cn dung dch thu c 6,84
gam mui khan. Kim loi l:
A. Mg.
B. Al.
C. Zn.
D. Fe.
Bi 6. Ho tan ht m gam kim loi M bng dung dch H2SO4 long, ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng
thu c 5m gam mui khan. Kim loi M l:
A. Al.
B. Mg.
C. Zn.
D. Fe.
Bi 7: Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml kh H2
(ktc) th khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l
A. Zn.
B. Fe.
C. Ni.
D. Al.
Bi 8. Ho tan 1,3 gam mt kim loi M trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. trung ho lng axit d
cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Xc nh kim loi M?
A. Al.
B. Fe.
C. Zn.
D. Mg.
Bi 9. Khi in phn mui clorua kim loi nng chy, ngi ta thu c 0,896 lt kh (ktc) anot v
3,12 gam kim loi catot. Cng thc mui clorua in phn l
A. NaCl.
B. CaCl2.
C. KCl.
D. MgCl2.
Bi 10. Cho 19,2 gam kim loi (M) tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 4,48 lt kh
NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi (M) l:
A. Cu.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Mg.
Bi 11: t mt kim loi trong bnh cha kh Clo thu c 32,5 gam mui, ng thi th tch kh Clo
trong bnh gim 6,72 lt (ktc). Kim loi em t l:
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 3

A. Mg
B. Al
C. Fe
D. Cu
Bi 12: Ha tan hon ton 3,2 gam mt kim loi R ha tr II bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c
1,12 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Xc nh tn ca R.
Bi 13: Ha tan 1,35 gam mt kim loi R bng dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 2,24 lt hn hp kh X
gm NO v NO2. Xc nh tn ca R, bit t khi ca X so vi H2 bng 21.
Bi 14 : C 15,06 gam mt hn hp A gm Fe v mt kim loi R (ha t khng i) c chia thnh 2
phn bng nhau.
-Phn 1: Ha tan ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 3,696 lt kh ktc.
- Phn 2: Ha tan ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 3,36 lt (ktc) mt kh khng mu ha
nu ngoi khng kh duy nht. Tm R.
Bi 15: Kh 3,48 gam mt oxit ca kim loi R cn 1,344 lt H2 (ktc). Ton b lng kim loi to thnh
c cho tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu 1,008 lt H2 (ktc). Tm kim loi R v oxit ca n.
Bi 16: Cho 10,5 gam hn hp gm bt Al v mt kim loi kim R vo H2O, sau phn ng thu c dung
dch A v 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Cho tt t dung dch HCl vo dung dch A thu c lng kt ta l
ln nht. Lc ly kt ta, sy kh, cn c 7,8 gam. Xc nh R.
Bi 17: Ha tan 4,95 gam hn hp A gm 2 kim loi Fe v R (c ha tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl
d thu c 4,032 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc nu cng ha tan mt lng hn hp kim loi trn
bng dung dch HNO3 d th c 1,344 lt hn hp kh B gm NO v N2O c t khi hi so vi H2
bng 20,25. Xc nh R.
Bi 18: Ha tan hon ton 19,2 gam kim loi R trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn
hp kh gm NO2 v NO c t l th tch 3:1. Xc nh R.
Bi 19: Hn hp A cha Fe v kim loi R c ha tr khng i, t l s mol ca R v Fe trong hn hp l
1:3. Cho 19,2 gam hn hp A tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 8,96 lt kh H2. Cho 19,2 gam
hn hp A tc dng ht vi kh Clo th cn dng 12,32 lt kh Clo. Xc nh R.
Bi 20: Ha tan kim loi M vo HNO3 thu c dung dch A(khng c kh thot ra). Cho NaOH d vo
dung dch A thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) v 23,2g kt ta. Xc nh M.
A. Fe
B. Mg
C. Al
D. Ca
Bi 21 : Cho 17 gam hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim ng k nhau trong nhm IA tc dng ht vi H2O thu
c 6.72 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y.
a- Xc nh tn ca hai kim loi trn.
b- Tnh th tch dung dich HCl 2M cn dng trung ha ht dung dch Y
Bi 22: Cho 7,2 gam mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip nhau trong nhm IIA ha tan ht trong dung
dch H2SO4 long thu c kh B. Cho ton b kh B hp th vo 450 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M
thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Tm cng thc ca hai mui cacbonat ban u.
Bi 23: Cho 7,505 gam hp kim gm hai kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, d thu c 2,24
lt kh H2, ng thi cn 1,005 gam kim loi khng tan. Ha tan lmg kim loi cn li ny trong
dung dch H2SO4 c, d th thu c 112ml SO2. Cc kh o ktc. Xc nh tn ca hai kim loi
trong hp kim.
Bi 24: Ha Tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp gam mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip nhau trong phn
nhm chnh nhm II trong dung dch HCl thu c kh B. Cho ton b kh B tc dng ht vi 3 lt
dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,015M thu c 4 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi l:
A. Mg,Ca
B. Ca,Ba
C. Be,Mg
D. A v C u ng.
Bi 25: Ha tan hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp hai kim loi kim th lin tip nhau tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Hai kim loi ny l:
A. Be,Mg
B. Mg,Ca
C. Ca,Sr
D. Sr,Ba
Bi 26. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ho ca 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip tan
hon ton trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Hai kim loi l:
A. K v Cs.
B. Na v K.
C. Li v Na.
D. Rb v Cs.
Bi 27: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi
dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi l (Mg= 24, Ca= 40, Sr= 87, Ba =
137)
A. Be v Mg.
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Sr v Ba.
D. Ca v Sr.
Bi 28: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm kim
loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc, khi cho
1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt
( ktc). Kim loi X l
A. Ba.
B. Ca.
C. Sr.
D. Mg.
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 4

III- BI TP TRC NGHIM T GII

Cau 1: Ha tan hon ton 1,44g kim loi R ha tr II bng 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. trung
ha axit d cn dng 60 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tm kim loi R :
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Mg
D. Ni
Cau 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 9,6 g kim loai M trong dung dch H 2SO4 ac nong
thu c dung dch A va 3,36l kh SO2 duy nhat ktc. Kim loai M la:
A. Ca
B.Al
C. Cu
D. Fe
Cau 3: Cho 2,16 gam kim loai A tac dung hoan toan vi dung dch H 2SO4
ac nong tao ra 2,9568l kh SO2 27,3oC va 1 atm. Kim loai A la:
A. Zn
B. Al
C. Fe
D. Cu
Cau 4: Ho tan ht m gam kim loi M bng dung dch H 2SO4 long , ri c cn dung dch sau phn
ng thu c 5m g mui khan. Kim loi M l:
A. Al
B. Mg
C. Zn
D. Fe
Cau 5: oxi ho hon ton mt kim loi M c ho tr khng i (trong hp cht) thnh oxit phi
dng mt lng oxi bng 40% lng kim loi dng. M l:
A. Fe
B. Al
C. Mg
D. Ca
Cau 6: Cho 4,59 gam mot oxit kim loai co hoa tr khong oi tac dung vi
dung dch HNO3 d thu c 7,83 gam muoi nitrat. Cong thc oxit kim loai la:
A. BaO
B. MgO
C. Al2O3
D. ap an khac
Cau 7: Hai kim loai A,B ke tiep thuoc nhom IIA. Lay 0,88 gam hon hp
hoa tan het vao dung dch HCl d tao 0,672 ml kh H 2 ( ktc) va khi co can
thu c m gam muoi . Hai kim loai va gia tr m la:
A. Mg va Ca. 3,01g
B. Ca va Sr. 2,955g
C. Be va Mg. 2,84g D.
Sr
va Ba. 1,945g
Cau 8: Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp X gom 14,2g muoi cacbonat cua hai
kim loai hai chu ky ke tiep thuoc nhom IIA bang dd HCl d c 3,584l kh
CO2 (ktc) va dung dch Y. Hai kim loai la:
A. Ca va Sr
B. Be va Ca
C. Mg va Ca
D.
Sr
va Ba
Cau 9: Ho tan hon ton 1,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh N2 ktc
(sn phm kh duy nht). M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn
B. Al
C. Ca
D. Mg
Cau 10: Nhng mt ming kim loi M vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt lc em cn li thy ming kim
loi c khi lng ln hn so vi trc phn ng. M khng th l :
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Ni
Cau 11: Ngm mt l km trong dung dch mui sunfat c cha 4,48 gam ion kim loi in tch 2+.
Sau phn ng, khi lng l km tng thm 1,88g. Cng thc ho hc ca mui sunfat l:
A. CuSO4
B. FeSO4
C. NiSO4
D. CdSO4
Cau 12: Nhng thanh kim loi R cha bit ho tr vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol CuSO 4. Phn ng
xong nhc thanh R ra thy khi lng tng 1,38 gam. Kim loi R l
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
Cau 13: Nhng thanh kim loi M c ha tr 2 vo dd CuSO4, sau 1 thi gian lt thanh kim loi ra thy
khi lng gim 0,05% .Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi tn vo dd Pb(NO3)2 sau 1 thi gian thy khi
lng tng 7,1% .Bit rng , s 1mol CuSO4, Pb(NO3)2 tham gia 2 trng hp nh nhau .Xc nh M?
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Mg
D. Ni
Cau 14: Kim loai M co hoa tr khong oi. Hoa tan het 0,84 gam M bang
dung dch HNO3 d giai phong ra 0.3136l kh E ktc gom NO va N 2O co t
khoi oi vi H2 bang 17,8. Kim loai M la:
A. Al
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. ap an khac
Cau 15: Hoa tan mot oxit kim loai hoa tr II bang mot lng va u dung
dch H2SO4 10% thu c dung dch muoi co nong o 11,8%. Kim loai o
la:
A. Zn
B.Mg
C.Fe
D. Pb
Cau 16: Ho tan hon ton mt lng kim loi ho tr II bng dung dch HCl 14,6% va c mt
dung dch mui c nng 24,15%. Kim loi cho l:
A. Mg
B. Zn
C. Fe
D. Ba
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

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Cau 17: Trong 500ml dd X co cha 0,4925g mot hon hp gom muoi clorua
va hidroxit cua kim loai kiem. PH cua dung dch la 12 va khi ien phan
1/10 dd X cho en khi het kh Cl2 th thu c 11,2ml kh Cl2 273oC va 1atm.
Kim loai kiem o la:
A. K
B. Cs
C.Na
D. Li
Cau 18: Cho mot dd A cha 2,85g mot muoi halogenua cua mot kim loai
tac dung va u vi 100ml dd AgNO3 thu c 8,61g ket tua. Mat khac
em ien phan nong chay hoan toan (vi ien cc tr) a gam muoi tren
th thay khoi lng catot tang len 8,16g ong thi anot co 7,616l kh
thoat ra ktc.
Cong thc muoi va nong o mol/l cua dung dch AgNO3 la:
A. CaCl2; 0,7M
B.CaBr2 ; 0,8M
C. MgBr2; 0,4M
D.
MgCl2;
I- C S L THUYT
0,6M
Cau 19: Hoa tan 4g hh gom Fe va mot kim loai hoa tr II vao dd HCl c
HCl ch dung 2,4g kim loai hoa tr II cho vao dd HCl th
2,24l kh H2 (ktc). Neu
tri loai
thap hoa
+ H2 tr II la:
R +het 500ml dd HClMuoi
dung khong
1M. hoa
Kim
H2SOB.
A. Ca
C.Ba
D. Be
4 Mg
Cu 20. Hoa tan 1,7g hon hp kim loai A nhom IIA va Zn vao dd HCl thu
HNO
San pham khu cua S
c 0,672l kh (ktc). 3 Mat khac e hoa tan 1,9g A th dung khong het
+ HCl 0,5M. Kim loai
MuoiAhoa
200ml dungRdch
latri: cao +
+ H2O
A.Ca
B.
Cu
C.Mg
D.
Sr
H2SO4dac
San pham khu cua N
Cu 21: Ha tan hon ton 16,2g mt kim loi ha tr III bng dung dch HNO3,thu c 5,6l (kc) hn
hp X gm NO v N2. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi kh oxi bng 0,9. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng?
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Cu
D. Na
Cau 22:. Ho tan hon ton 45,9g kim loi R bng dung dch HNO3 long thu c hn hp kh gm
0,3 mol N2O v 0,9mol NO . Hi R l kim loi no:
A. Mg
B. Fe
C. Al
D. Cu
Cau 23: 16,2 gam kim loai R tan het vao dung dch HNO 3 thu c 5,6l hon
hp kh N2 va NO ktc co khoi lng 7,2 gam. Kim loai R la:
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Cu
D. Al

Dng 2

KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT.

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

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Mt s lu trong qu trnh lm bi:

1. Khi KL hoc hn hp gm nhiu KL tc dng vi dung dch HCl v H2SO4 long ta lun c:
nHCl = 2nH2
nH2SO4 = nH2
2. Cc KL nhiu ha tr khi tc dng vi nhm axit khc nhau: (HCl, H2SO4 long) v (HNO3,
H2SO4 m c) th th hin cc ha tr khc nhau nn khi vit phng trnh phn ng ta phi t
cc ha tr khc nhau.
Fe + 4 HNO3 loang
Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2 H2O
Fe

FeCl2 +
H2
+ 2 HCl
3. Nu hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi axit th trong kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn c
u tin b OXH trc.
VD1: Ha tan hn hp 2 KL Al v Fe trong dung dch HCl th th t phn ng xy ra nh sau:
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
VD2: Ho tan hn hp gm Fe v Cu vo dung dch HNO3 long th cc phn ng xy ra nh sau:
3Fe + 8HNO3 3Fe(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
3Fe(NO3)2 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
4. Trong qu trnh lm bi cn ch s dng LBTKL v LBT electron tit kim thi gian.
Kt hp gia phng php bo ton khi lng v phng php bo ton electro ta c cc biu
thc tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng nh sau:
Khi lng mui Clorua = mKL + mCl- = mKL + 71.nH2
mKL + 96.nH2
Khi lng mui sunphat = mKL + mSO42- =
mKL + 96.nSO2
-

Khi lng mui nitrat = mKL + mNO3

mKL + 62.nNO2
mKL + 62.3nNO
mKL + 62.8nN2O

mKL +62.10nN2
5. Al, Fe, Cr thu ng vi H2SO4 c ngui v HNO3 c ngui.

II- BI TP VN DNG
Bi 1. Cho 10 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long d thu c
3,733 lit H2(kc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l:
A. 50%.
B. 35%.
C. 20%.
D. 40%.
Bi 2. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th
tch kh hidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l.
A. 2,24 lit.
B. 4,48 lit.
C. 6,72 lit.
D. 67,2 lit.
Bi 3. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l
A. 2,52 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 1,26 lt.
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 7

Bi 4: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht
vi dung dch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 2,24 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H 2 (kc).
Phn % khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l
A. 60%.
B. 40%.
C. 30%.
D. 80%.
Bi 6: Ha tan 6,5 gam Zn trong dung dch axit HCl d, sau phn ng c cn dung dch th s gam mui
khan thu c l (Cho H = 1, Zn = 65, Cl = 35,5)
A. 20,7 gam.
B. 13,6 gam.
C. 14,96 gam.
D. 27,2 gam.
Bi 7. Ho tan hon ton 7,8 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al trong dung dch HCl d thy to ra 8,96 lt kh H2
(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 18,1 gam.
B. 36,2 gam.
C. 54,3 gam.
D. 63,2 gam.
Bi 8: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H 2 bay ra.
Lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?
A. 40,5g.
B. 45,5g.
C. 55,5g.
D. 60,5g.
Bi 9. Cho 11,9 gam hn hp gm Zn, Al tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thy c 8,96 lit
kh (kc) thot ra. Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l:
A. 44,9 gam. B. 74,1 gam. C. 50,3 gam. D. 24,7 gam.
Bi 10. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 560 ml lt
kh N2O (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 40,5 gam.
B. 14,62 gam.
C. 24,16 gam.
D. 14,26 gam.
Bi 11: Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H2SO4 c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 6,72.
C. 3,36.
D. 2,24.
Bi 12: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 6,72.
B. 4,48.
C. 2,24.
D. 3,36.
Bi 13: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu
c 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1,
Fe = 56, Cu = 64)
A. 6,4 gam.
B. 3,4 gam.
C. 5,6 gam.
D. 4,4 gam.
Bi 14: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra
3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt
thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,6.
B. 10,5.
C. 11,5.
D. 12,3.
Bi 15. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO
v NO2 c t khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,56 gam.
B. 1,12 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 5,6 gam.
Bi 16Cho 60 gam hn hp Cu v CuO tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 13,44 lit kh NO
(kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Phn % v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp l:
A. 69%.
B. 96%.
C. 44%
D. 56%.
Bi 17. Cho 2,8 gam hn hp bt kim loi bc v ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c, d th thu c
0,896 lt kh NO2 duy nht ( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm ca bc v ng trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 73% ; 27%.
B. 77,14% ; 22,86%
C. 50%; 50%.
D. 44% ; 56%
Bi 18: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu c
1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X l
A. 21,95%.
B. 78,05%.
C. 68,05%.
D. 29,15%.
Bi 19. Cho a gam bt Al tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c dung dch A ch cha mt
mui duy nht v 0,1792 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2 c t khi hi so H2 l 14,25. Tnh a ?
A. 0,459 gam.
B. 0,594 gam.
C. 5,94 gam.
D. 0,954 gam.
Bi 20: Cho hn hp A gm Cu v Mg vo dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh (kc) khng mu v
mt cht rn khng tan B. Dng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng ho tan cht rn B thu c 2,24 lt kh
SO2 (kc). Khi lng hn hp A ban u l:
A. 6,4 gam.
B. 12,4 gam.
C. 6,0 gam.
D. 8,0 gam.
Bi 21: Cho a gam hn hp Mg v Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha 2 axit : HCl 1M v H 2SO4 0,5M c
dung dch B v 4,368 lt H2 (ktc) th trong dung dch B s:
A. D axit
B. Thiu axit
C. Dung dch mui D. Tt c u sai
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 8

Bi 22: Cho 2,06 gam hn hp gm Fe, Al, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c 0,896 lt
NO duy nht ktc. Khi lng mui NO3- sinh ra l :
A. 9,5 gam
B. 7,44 gam
C. 7,02 gam
D. 4,54 gam
Bi 23: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi
dung dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam.
C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
Bi 24: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh
ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui),
sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,5.
B. 10,5.
C. 12,3.
D. 15,6.
Bi 25: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp gm
0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO)
A. 1,0 lt.
B. 0,6 lt.
C. 0,8 lt.
D. 1,2 lt.
Bi 26: Chia hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tan ht trong dung
dch HCl to ra 1,792 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2, nung trong oxi thu c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi
lng hn hp 2 kim loi ban u l:
A. 2,4 gam
B. 3,12 gam
C. 2,2 gam
D. 1,8 gam
Bi 27: Cho m gam Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 thu c 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO v NO 2
c t khi so vi H2 l 16,6 . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,9 gam
B. 4,16 gam
C. 2,38 gam
D. 2,08 gam
Bi 28: Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H 2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4.
B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3.
D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4
Bi 29: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol H 2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm kh duy
nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c (cho Fe = 56)
A. 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,06 mol FeSO4.
B. 0,05 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,02 mol Fe d.
C. 0,02 mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,08 mol FeSO4.
D. 0,12 mol FeSO4.
Bi 30: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X
i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24.
B. 4,48.
C. 5,60.
D. 3,36.
Bi 31: Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit
H2SO4 0,5M, thu c 5,32 lt H2 ( ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). Dung
dch Y c pH l
A. 1.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 2.
Bi 32: Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c dung
dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. Cu(NO3)2.
B. HNO3.
C. Fe(NO3)2.

D. Fe(NO3)3.

Bi 33: Thc hin hai th nghim:

1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt NO.
Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l
A. V2 = V1.
B. V2 = 2V1.
C. V2 = 2,5V1.
D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Bi 34: Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dung dch H2SO4
long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1; O = 16; Mg
= 24; S = 32; Fe = 56; Zn = 65)
A. 9,52.
B. 10,27.
C. 8,98.
D. 7,25

Bi 35: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm Fe v Mg bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 20%, thu
c dung dch Y. Nng ca FeCl2 trong dung dch Y l 15,76%. Nng phn trm ca MgCl2 trong
dung dch Y l (Cho H = 1; Mg = 24; Cl = 35,5; Fe = 56)
A. 24,24%.
B. 11,79%.
C. 28,21%.
D. 15,76%.
Bi 36: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Kh X l
A. N2O.
B. NO2.
C. N2.
D. NO.
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 9

Bi 37: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4

0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan
l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 103,85 gam.
C. 25,95 gam.
D. 77,86 gam.
Bi 38 Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca
V l
A. 0,746.
B. 0,448.
C. 1,792.
D. 0,672.
Bi 39: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung
dch X l
A. 8,88 gam. B. 13,92 gam.
C. 6,52 gam. D. 13,32 gam.
Bi 40: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, ICuC
voS
dung
HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra
Ldch
THUYT
3,361-ltnh
kh (ngha:
ktc).in
Nu phn
cho mlgam
hn
hp
X
trn
vo
mt
axitcc
nitric
(c,
saudng
khi kt
mt qu trnh OXH-K xy ralng
ti ccdin
di
tc ngui),
dng ca
thcin
phnmt
ngchiu.
sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A.
11,5.
B. 10,5.
C. 12,3.
D. 15,6.
2- Phn loi:
Bi 41: Choa-2,7
g hh
Mg,nng
Al, Cu
tan L
voqu
dd trnh
HNO3
d phn
to racc
0,02
mol
in
phn
chy:
in
cht
NO,
trng0,08
thi mol
nngNO2.
chy. Phng
Khiphp
lng
nymui
dngthu
c
iu l:
ch cc kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh KLK, KLKT, Al.
A. b6,42
g phn dungB.
8,68L
g qu trnhC.
11,38
g cc chtD. 7,66
in
dch:
in
phn
trng thi dung dch.
Bi 342:Qui
Hatc
tanin
ht cng
cc: mt Fe trong dung dch HNO3 d thy sinh ra hn hp kh cha 0,03 mol NO2
v 0,02 molaNO.
Khi
Fe braha
bng
gam?
in
cclng
m: Xy
qu tan
trnh
khbao
ccnhiu
ion kim
loi, H+ hoc H2O
n+
A. 0,56 gam
C. 1,68
D. 2,24 gam
M B.+ 1,12
ne gam
M gam
+
2H + 2e
H2
2H2O + 2e
2OH- + H2
- Ion no c tnh OXH mnh hn s b in phn trc
- Nu in phn dung dch mui ca kim loi mnh (KLK, KLKT, Al) th in cc m xy
ra qu trnh kh H2O.
dpdd
NaCl + H2O
NaOH + H2 + Cl2
co man ngan
VD:
b- in cc dng: Xy ra qu trnh OXH gc axit, OH- hoc H2O
2Cl- - 2e
Cl2
4OH- - 4e
2H2O + O2
2H2O - 4e
4H+ + O2
- Ion no c tnh kh mnh hn s b in phn trc.
- Nu in phn dung dch mui ca gc axit c tnh OXH th in cc dng xy ra qu
trnh OXH H2O.
dpdd
Cu +
H2SO4 + O2
VD: CuSO4 + H2O
4- nh lut faraday (Dng tnh khi lng ccc cht thu c ti cc in cc).
m: Khi lng cc cht thu c ti cc in cc (Gam).
AIt
I: Cng dng in (Ampe).
m =
t: Thi gian in phn (Giy)
nF
n: S electron trao i ti cc in cc
F: Hng s Faraday = 96500
Lu :
1- V qu trnh in phnBI
l quTON
trnh OXH-K
nn cng
tun theo nh lut bo ton
IN
PHN
electron
Tng
s
mol
electron
thu
c

Catt
bng
tng
s
mol
electron nhng i
Dng
Ant.
3
It
n
n
echo = enhn =
F
2- Trng hp in phn mc ni tip th in lng i qua cc bnh in phn trong
khong thi gian nh nhau l bng nhau nn lng cht thu c cc bnh in cc cng
bng nhau.
3- Trong qu trnh in phn ngoi phn ng in phn xy ra cc in cc cn c
cc phn ng ph xy ra gia cc phn phm in phn (Phn ng to nc Javen trong qu
trnh in phndung dch mui n) hoc phn ng gia sn phm in phn vi cc in cc
(Phn ng t chy ant bng than ch trong qu trnh in phn nng chy Al2O3).
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI
Trang 10

II- BI TP VN DNG
Bi 1. Khi cho dng in mt chiu I=2A qua dung dch CuCl2 trong 10 pht. Khi lng ng thot ra
catod l
A. 40 gam.
B. 0,4 gam.
C. 0,2 gam.
D. 4 gam.
Bi 2. in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch vi in cc tr, th sau in phn khi lng
dung dch gim bao nhiu gam?
A. 1,6 gam.
B. 6,4 gam.
C. 8,0 gam.
D. 18,8 gam.
Bi 3. in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr 2 vi cng dng in 3A.
Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1,92 gam. Mui sunfat in phn l
A. CuSO4.
B. NiSO4.
C. MgSO4.
D. ZnSO4.
Bi 4. in phn hon ton 1 lt dung dch AgNO3 vi 2 in cc tr thu c mt dung dch c pH= 2.
Xem th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k th lng Ag bm catod l:
A. 0,54 gam.
B. 0,108 gam.
C. 1,08 gam.
D. 0,216 gam.

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 11

Bi 5: in phn 200 ml dung dch mui CuSO4 trong thi gian, thy khi lng dung dch gim 8 gam.
Dung dch sau in phn cho tc dng vi dd H2S d thu c 9,6g kt ta en. Nng mol ca dung
dch CuSO4 ban u l
A. 1M.
B.0,5M.
C. 2M.
D. 1,125M.
Bi 6: in phn dung dch AgNO3 (in cc tr) trong thi gian 15 pht, thu c 0,432 gam Ag catot.
Sau lm kt ta ht ion Ag+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn cn dng 25 ml dung dch NaCl
0,4M. Cng dng in v khi lng AgNO3 ban u l (Ag=108)
A. 0,429 A v 2,38 gam.
B. 0,492 A v 3,28 gam.
C. 0,429 A v 3,82 gam.
D. 0,249 A v 2,38 gam.
Bi 7: in phn 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,4M (in cc tr) trong thi gian 4 gi, cng dng in
l 0,402A. Nng mol/l cc cht c trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. AgNO3 0,15M v HNO3 0,3M.
B. AgNO3 0,1M v HNO3 0,3M.
C. AgNO3 0,1M
D. HNO3 0,3M
Bi 8: Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dung dch CuCl 2 thu c 1,12 lt kh X ( ktc). Ngm inh
st vo dung dch sau in phn, khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng inh st tng thm 1,2
gam. Nng mol ca CuCl2 ban u l
A. 1M.
B. 1,5M.
C. 1,2M.
D. 2M.
Bi 9: in phn bng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat ca kim loi ho tr II vi dng in c cng
6A. Sau 29 pht in phn thy khi lng catot tng ln 3,45 gam. Kim loi l:
A. Zn.
B. Cu.
C. Ni.
D. Sn.
Bi 10: in phn 400 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in 10A trong 1 thi gian thu c
0,224 lt kh (kc) anot. Bit in cc dng l in cc tr v hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi
lng catot tng l
A. 1,28 gam.
B. 0,32 gam.
C. 0,64 gam.
D. 3,2 gam.
Bi 11: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl-.
B. s oxi ho ion Cl-.
C. s oxi ho ion Na+.
D. s kh ion Na+.
Bi 12: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl 2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in
cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau
in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05.
B. 2,70.
C. 1,35.
D. 5,40
TS-B-2009
Bi 13: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al
catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh
X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0.
B. 75,6.
C. 54,0.
D. 67,5.
TS-B-2009
Bi 14: in phn 100ml dung dch cha ng thi HCl0,1M v NaCl 0,2M vi in cc tr v mng
ngn xp ti khi anot tot ra 0,224 lt kh (KTC) th ngng in phn. Coi th tch dung dch khng
thay i, dung dch sau in phn c pH l:
A. 6
B. 7
C. 12
D. 13
Bi 15: Dung dch X cha HCl, CuSO 4 v Fe2(SO4)3. Ly 400ml dung dch X em in phn (in cc
tr) vi cng dng in I = 7,72 A n khi Catot c 0,08 mol Cu th dng li. Khi anot c
0,1 mol cht kh bay ra. Thi gian in phn v nng mol/l ca Fe2+ trong dung dch sau phn ng l
A. 2300s v o,1M
B. 2500s v 0,1M C. 2300s v 0,15M
D. 2500s v 0,15M
Bi 16: i n phn (vi i n cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau m t thi gian thu c dung
dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8g so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8g b t Fe vo Y, sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4g kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,25
B. 1,5
C. 1,25
D. 3,25

TS-B-20010
Bi 17: Tin hnh in phn dung dch CuSO 4 mt hti gian, khi ngng in phn Catt xut hin 3,2
gam kim loi Cu. Tnh th tch kh KTC thu c Anot.
Bi 18: Tin hnh in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO 4 vi dng in c I = 1,93A cho n khi Catt xut
hin kh th thi gian cn l 250 giy. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch CuSO 4 v th tch kh thu c
Ant.
Bi 19: Tin hnh in phn dung dch CuCl 2 bng in graphit vi thi gian l 16 pht thy Catt xut
hin 0,554 gam kim loi. Tnh cng dng in dng tin hnh in phn.

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 12

Bi 20: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu Catt v
lng kh X Ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng).
Sau phn ng nng dung dch NaOH trong dung dch cn li 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng
thay i). Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH ban u.
(TTS KHI A 2007)
Bi 21: in phn 0,8 lt dung dch hn hp HCl, Cu(NO 3)2 vi in cc tr, cng dng in I =
2,5A, thi gian t giy c mt kh duy nht ant c th tch 3,136 lt (KTC). Dung dch sau khi in
phn phn ng va vi 550ml dung dch NaOH 0,8M c 1,96 gam kt ta. Tnh thi gian in phn
v nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch ban u.
Bi 22: C hai bnh in phn mc ni tip: Bnh 1 cha dug dch AgNO 3, bnh 2 ng dung dch RSO 4.
Tin hnh in phn mt thi gian ri ngng th thy Catt bnh 1 tng 5 gam cn Catt bnh 2 tng 1,48
gam. Tm R.
Bi 23: C hai bnh in phn mc ni tip: Bnh 1 cha 10ml dung dch CuSO4 0,1M; bnh 2 cha 100ml
dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Tin hnh in phn c mng ngn xp cho n khi bnh 2 to ra dung dch c
pH = 13 th ngng in phn. Gi s th tch dung dch 2 bnh khng thay i. Tnh nng mol/l ca
Cu2+ trong dung dch sau in phn.
Bi 23: in hn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaOH (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Xc nh
iu kin v mi lin quan ca a v b dung dnh sau in phn lm Phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu
hng.
(TTS KHI B 2007)
Bi 24: Cho dng in mt chiu, cng khng i, qua hai bnh in phn mc ni tip: Bnh 1 cha
100ml dung dch CuSO4 0,01M; bnh 2 cha 100ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,01M. Tin hnh in phn trong
thi gian 500 giy th bnh 2 bt u xut hin kh Catot. Tnh th tch kh (KTC) xut hin Catt
bnh 1.
Bi 25: Tin hnh in phn c mng ngn xp, hai in c tr 500ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,02M v
NaCl 0,2M. Sau khi anot thot ra 0,448 lt kh (KTC) th ngng in phn. Gi s th tch dung dch
khng thay i. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c sau in phn.
Bi 26: Tin hnh in phn 150 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M vi hai in cc tr. Sau mt thi gian, khi
ngng in phn thy khi lng dung dch gim 8 giam. Tnh ngng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung
dch thu c sau phn ng.
Bi 27: in phn nng chy a gam mui G to bi kim loi R v halogen X, ta thu c 0,96 gam kim
loi R Catot v 0,04 mol kh X Anot. Mt khc ha tan hon ton a gam mui G vo nc, sau cho
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c 11,48 gam kt ta. Xc nh X.
Bi 28: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch AgNO 3 trong thi gian 14 pht 15 giy, cng dng in
0,8A.
a. Tnh khi lng Ag iu ch c.
b. Tnh th tch kh (KTC) thu c Catt.
Bi 29: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc ng (ng knh 1mm, nhng su trong dung dch
4cm), cng dng in 1,2A. Tnh thi gian ton b phn anot nhng vo dung dch bi ha tan ht.
Bi 30: in pn 200ml dung dch hn hp dung dch gm CuSO 4 0,1M v MgSO4 0,05M cho khi bt
u xut hin kh th ngng in phn. Tnh khi lng kim loi bm vo Catot ca bnh in phn.

III- BI TP LUYN TP T GII

1. Dung dch cha ng thi 0,01 mol NaCl; 0,02 mol CuCl 2; 0,01 mol FeCl3; 0,06 mol CaCl2. Kim loi
u tin thot ra catot khi in phn dung dch trn l :
A. Fe
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Ca
2. Natri, canxi, magie, nhm c sn xut trong cng nghip bng phng php no:
A. Phng php thu luyn.
B. Phng php nhit luyn.
C. Phng php in phn.
D. Phng php in phn hp cht nng chy.
3. Th tch kh hiro sinh ra khi in phn dung dch cha cng mt lng NaCl c mng ngn (1) v
khng c mng ngn (2) l:
A. bng nhau.
B. (2) gp i (1).
C. (1) gp i (2).
D. khng xc nh.
4. Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KCl, qu trnh no sau y xy ra cc dng (anot)
A. ion Cl b oxi ho.
B. ion Cl b kh.
C. ion K+ b kh.
D. ion K+ b oxi ho.

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 13

5. in phn vi in cc tr dung dch mui clorua ca kim loi ho tr (II) vi cng dng in 3A.
Sau 1930 giy, thy khi lng catot tng1,92 gam. Kim loi trong mui clorua trn l kim loi no di
y (cho Fe = 56, Ni = 59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. Ni
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Fe
6. in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr II vi cng dng in 3A. Sau
1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1,92 gam, Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat (cho Fe = 56, Ni =
59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. Fe
B. Ca
C. Cu
D. Mg
7. iu no l khng ng trong cc iu sau:
A. in phn dung dch NaCl thy pH dung dch tng dn
B. in phn dung dch CuSO4 thy pH dung dch gim dn
C. in phn dung dch NaCl + CuSO4 thy pH dung dich khng i
D. in phn dung dch NaCl + HCl thy pH dung dch tng dn
(coi th tch dung dch khi in phn l khng i, khi c mt NaCl th dng thm mng ngn)
8. in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO 4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr c mng ngn xp). dung
dch sau khi n phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion
SO42- khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a
B. b = 2a
C. b < 2a
D. 2b = a
9. Tin hnh in phn hon ton dung dch X cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO3)2 thu c 56 gam hn hp kim
loi catot v 4,48 lt kh anot (ktc). S mol AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong X ln lt l (cho Ag = 108,
Cu = 64)
A. 0,2 v 0,3
B. 0,3 v 0,4
C. 0,4 v 0,2
D. 0,4 v 0,2
10. in phn 100ml dung dch A cha ng thi HCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,2 M vi in cc tr c mng
ngn xp ti khi anot thot ra 0,224 lt kh (ktc) th ngng in phn. Dung dch sau khi in phn c
pH (coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k) l
A. 6
B. 7
C. 12
D. 13
11. in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch vi in cc tr, th sau in phn khi lng
dung dch gim bao nhiu gam ? ( cho Cu = 64; O = 16)
A. 1,6 gam
B. 6,4 gam
C. 8,0 gam
D. 18,8 gam
12. iu ch Cu t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 bng phng php no th thu c Cu tinh khit 99,999% ?
A. Phng php thy luyn.
B. Phng php nhit luyn
C. Phng php in phn
D. C A, B, C
13. Khi in phn 25,98 gam iotua ca mt kim loi X nng chy, th thu c 12,69 gam iot. Cho bit
cng thc mui iotua (cho K = 39; Na = 23; Ca = 40; Cs = 132,9)
A. KI
B. CaI2
C. NaI
D. CsI
14. Trong cng nghip natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc
B. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc
D. in phn NaCl nng chy
15. in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catot v mt
lng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng).
Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban
u ca dung dch NaOH l (cho Cu = 64)
A. 0,15M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1M
D. 0,05M
16. Ho tan 40 gam mui CdSO4 b m vo nc. in phn ht caimi trong dung dch cn dng
dng in 2,144A v thi gian 4 gi. Phn trm nc cha trong mui l
(cho Cd = 112; S = 32; O = 16)
A. 18,4%
B. 16,8%
C. 18,6%
D. 16%
17. in phn 300ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,2M vi cng dng in l 3,86A. Khi lng kim loi thu
c catot sau khi in phn 20 pht l (cho Cu = 64; S = 32; O = 16)
A. 1,28 gam
B.1,536 gam
C. 1,92 gam
D. 3,84 gam
18. in phn dung dch MSO4 khi anot thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) th thy khi lng catot tng 3,84
gam. Kim loi M l (cho Cu = 64; Fe = 56; Ni = 59; Zn = 65)
A. Cu
B. Fe
C. Ni
D. Zn
19. in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M, anot thu c 1,568 lt kh (ktc), khi lng kim
loi thu c catot l 2,8 gam. Kim loi M l
(cho Mg = 24; Ca = 40; Na = 23; K = 39)
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 14

A. Mg
B. Na
C. K
D. Ca
20. C 200ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. in phn ht ion kim loi trong dung dch cn
dng dng in 0,402A, thi gian 4 gi, trn catot thot ra 3,44 gam kim loi. Nng mol/lit ca
Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 l
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,01 v 0,1
C. 0,1 v 0,01
D. 0,1 v 0,1
21. Tin hnh in phn (c mng ngn xp) 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp HCl 0,02M v NaCl 0,2M.
Sau khi anot bay ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc) th ngng in phn. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO 3 0,1M
trung ho dung dch thu c sau in phn
A. 200 ml
B. 300 ml
C. 250 ml
D. 400 ml
22. Ho tan 1,28 gam CuSO4 vo nc ri em in phn ti hon ton, sau mt thi gian thu c 800
ml dung dch c pH = 2. Hiu sut phn ng in phn l
(cho Cu = 64; S = 32; O = 16)
A. 62,5%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 80%
23. Ho tan 5 gam mui ngm nc CuSO 4.nH2O ri em in phn ti hon ton, thu c dung dch A.
Trung ho dung dch A cn dung dch cha 1,6 gam NaOH. Gi tr ca n l
(cho Cu = 64; S = 32; O = 16; H =1; Na = 23)
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
Cu
p n
Cu
p n

1
C
13
D

2
D
14
C

3
A
15
C

4
A
16
B

5
C
17
B

P N
6
7
8
C B
A
18 19 20
A D D

9
D
21
B

10
D
22
B

11
B
23
B

12
C
24

13
D
25

I- C S L THUYT
1- Phn ng gia kim loi vi dung dch mui xy ra theo qui tc Cht kh mnh tc dng vi
cht oxi ho mnh sinh ra cht kh yy hn v cht oxi ho yu hn.
VD: Fe + Cu2+

Fe2+ + Cu
3+
Cu + Fe

Fe2+ + Cu2+
2- Trng hp cho hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi mt dung dch mui th kim loi c tnh
kh mnh hn s b OXH trc.
VD: Ho tan hn hp kim loi Mg,
v Cu trong
dung
dch cha
AgNO
3 th th t
BIFeTON
KIM
LOI
TCmui
DNG
VI
phn Dng
ng xy ra
nh
sau:
4
DUNG DCH MUI
Mg + 2Ag+
Mg2+ + 2Ag
Fe + 2Ag+
Fe2+ + 2Ag
+
Cu + 2Ag
Cu2+ + 2Ag
Fe2+ + Ag+
Fe3+ + Ag
3- Trng hp ho tan mt kim loi vo dung dch cha nhiu mui th ion kim loi no c tnh
OXH mnh hn s b kh trc.
VD: Ho tan Fe trong dung dch cha ng thi cc dung dch HCl, AgNO3 v CuSO4, th t
phn ng xy ra ln lt nh sau:
Fe + 2Ag+

Fe2+ + 2Ag
Fe + Cu2+

Fe2+ + Cu
+
Fe + 2H

Fe2+ + H2
4- gii bi ton ny ta thng s dng kt hp cc phng php gii sau: Bo ton khi lng,
bo ton in tch, bo ton nguyn t, tng gim khi lng, bo ton electron
5- Cc kim loi tan trong nc khi tc dng vi cc dung dch mui khng cho ra kim loi mi.
VD: 2Na + CuSO4 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + H2
6- Trong mi trng trung tnh ion NO3- khng c tnh OXH nhng trong mi trng axit NO3- l
mt cht OXH mnh
VD: 3Cu + 2NO3- + 8H+ 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI
Trang 15

II- BI TP VN DNG
Bi 1. Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra
khi dung dch ra nh lm kh nhn thy khi lng inh st tng thm 0,8 gam. Nng mol/lt ca
dung dch CuSO4 dng l:
A. 0,25M.
B. 0,4M.
C. 0,3M.
D. 0,5M.
Bi 2. Ngm mt l km vo dung dch c ho tan 8,32 gam CdSO4. Phn ng xong ly l km ra khi
dung dch, ra nh, lm kh th thy khi lng l km tng thm 2,35% so vi khi lng l km trc
phn ng. Khi lng l km trc phn ng l:
A. 80gam
B. 60gam
C. 20gam
D. 40gam
Bi 3. Nhng mt inh st c khi lng 8 gam vo 500ml dung dch CuSO4 2M. Sau mt thi gian ly
inh st ra cn li thy nng 8,8 gam. Nng mol/l ca CuSO4 trong dung dch sau phn ng l:
A. 0,27M
B. 1,36M
C. 1,8M
D. 2,3M
Bi 4: Ngm l km trong dung dch cha 0,1 mol CuSO4. Phn ng xong thy khi lng l km:
A. tng 0,1 gam.
B. tng 0,01 gam.
C. gim 0,1 gam.
D. khng thay i.
Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 28 gam bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi lng cht rn thu c l
A. 108 gam.
B. 162 gam.
C. 216 gam.
D. 154 gam.
Bi 6: Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 50 gam vo 400ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh
nhm ra cn nng 51,38 gam. Hi khi lng Cu thot ra l bao nhiu?
A. 0,64gam.
B. 1,28gam.
C. 1,92gam.
D. 2,56gam.
Bi 7: Ngm mt l Fe trong dung dch CuSO 4. Sau mt thi gian phn ng ly l Fe ra ra nh lm kh,
em cn thy khi lng tng thm 1,6 gam. Khi lng Cu bm trn l Fe l bao nhiu gam?
A. 12,8 gam.
B. 8,2 gam.
C. 6,4 gam.
D. 9,6 gam.
Bi 8: Ngm mt l km trong 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,1M. Khi phn ng kt thc, khi lng l km
tng thm
A. 0,65 gam.
B. 1,51 gam.
C. 0,755 gam.
D. 1,3 gam.
Bi 9: Cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO 4. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, lc
b phn dung dch, thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u
l:
A. 12,67%
B. 82,2%
C. 85,3%
D. 90,27%
TS KHI B-2007
Bi 10: Cho 16 gam Cu vo dung dch cha 0,075 mol Cu(NO 3)2 v 0,4 mol HCl thy c V1 lt kh NO
thot ra v dung dch A. Cho thm H2SO 4 long, d vo dung dch A thy thot ra V2 lt kh NO na. Cc
kh o KTC. Gi tr V1 v V2 l:
A. V1= 1,12 v V2= 2,24
B. V1=1,12 v V2=3,36
C. V1=V2=2,24
D. V1=2,24 v V2=1,12
Bi 11: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vi dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A. Fe, Cu, Ag.
B. Al, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cu.
D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 16

TSC KHI A,B-2008

Bi 12: Ho tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1. Cho lng d bt
Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
dung dch X2 cha cht tan l
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4.
B. FeSO4.
C. Fe2(SO4)3.
D. FeSO4 v H2SO4.
TSC KHI A,B-2008
Bi 13: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy th
in ho: Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A. 59,4.
B. 64,8.
C. 32,4.
D. 54,0.
TS KHI A-2008
Bi 14: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam Cu. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 1,92.
B. 3,20.
C. 0,64.
D. 3,84.
TS KHI A-2009
Bi 15: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO 3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.
B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
C. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2.
D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3
TS KHI A-2009
Bi 16: Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H2SO4
0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln
nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 360.
B. 240.
C. 400.
D. 120.
TS KHI A-2009
Bi 17: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu 2+ v 1 mol Ag+ n khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y,
gi tr no ca x tho mn trng hp trn?
A. 1,8.
B. 1,5.
C. 1,2.
D. 2,0.
TS KHI A-2009
Bi 18: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,80.
B. 2,16.
C. 4,08.
D. 0,64
TS KHI B-2009
Bi 19: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO 3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M. Sau khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 10,8 v 4,48.
B. 10,8 v 2,24.
C. 17,8 v 2,24.
D. 17,8 v 4,48
TS KHI B-2009
Bi 20: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO 3)2 0,2M v
AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi thit
cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l
A. 1,40 gam.
B. 2,16 gam.
C. 0,84 gam.
D. 1,72 gam.
TS KHI B-2009
Bi 21: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl 2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo
mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO 3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 57,4.
B. 28,7.
C. 10,8.
D. 68,2.
TS KHI B-2009
Bi 22: Nhng mt thanh kim loi R ho tr II vo dung dch cha a mol CuSO4, sau mt thi gian thy
khi lng thanh kim loi gim 0,05%. Cng thanh kim loi trn nhng vo dung dch cha a mol
Pb(NO3)2 th khi lng thanh kim loi tng 7,1%. Kim loi R l:
A. Mg
B.Fe
C.Zn
D.Ni
Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 17

Bi 23: Cho a gam bt Fe phn ng vi hn hp gm 14,6 gam HCl v 25,6 gam CuSO4, sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kim loi c khi lng 0,7a gam v x lt kh (KTC). Gi tr ca a
v X l:
A. 33.067 v 22.4
B. 3.3067 v 4.48
C. 3.3067 v 2,24
D. 33.067 v 4,48
Bi 24: Cho 3,08 gam Fe vo 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc k cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11.88
B. 16,2
C. 18,2
D. 17,96
Bi 25: Cho 19,2 gam Cu vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,1M v KNO3 0,2M thu c V lt kh
NO duy nht (KTC). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1.12
B. 2.24
C. 4.48
D. 3.36
Bi 26: Nhng mt thanh graphit c ph mt lp kim loi ho tr II vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng thanh graphit gim 0,24 gam. Cng thanh graphit trn nhng
vo dung dch AgNO3 d th sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng thanh graphit tng 0,52 gam.
Kim loi ho tr II l:
A. Pb
B. Cd
C. Al
D. Sn
Bi 27: Ngm mt vt bng Cu c khi lng 15 gam vo 340 gam dung dch AgNO3 6%. Sau mt thi
gian nhc thanh Cu ra thy khi lng AgNO3 trong dung dch gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau phn
ng l:
A. 3.24 gam
B. 2,28 gam
C. 17,28 gam
D. 24,12 gam.
Bi 28: Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. Khi
lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch X. Xc nh cng thc ca mui XCl3.
A. InCl3
B. GaCl3
C. FeCl3
D. GeCl3.
Bi 29: Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO 3)2 vo dung dich cha 0,9 mol H 2SO4 (long).
Sau khi cc phan ng xay ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (san phm kh duy nht,
ktc). Gi tri cua V l
B.
A. 6,72
B. 8,96
C. 4,48
D. 10,08

TS KHI B-2010

Dng
5

BI TON NHIT KIM LOI

I-C S L THUYT

1. Phn ng nhit kim loi l phn ng kh cc oxit kim loi thnh kim loi t do bng cc cht kh nh :
CO,H2,Al (phn ng nhit nhm)... nhit cao.
2. Cc cht kh CO v H2 ch kh c cc kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh v yu (Kim loi ng sau Al
trong dy in ho).
3. Trong phn ng kh cc oxit kim loi bi cc cht kh CO v H2 ta lun c:

nO(oxit) = nCO = nCO2

nO(oxit) = nH2 = nH2O
4. Trong phn ng nhit kim loi ta lun c:
mOxit gim = mO trong oxit
5. gii bi ton ny ta thng kt hp cc phng php: Bo ton khi lng, bo ton electron, bo ton
nguyn t v phng php tng gim khi lng.

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

Trang 18

II- BI TP VN DNG
Bi 1: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO
v Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi
tr ca V l
A. 0,448.
B. 0,112.
C. 0,224.
D. 0,560.
Bi 2: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe2O3 (
nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng
d dung dch Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,120.
B. 0,896.
C. 0,448.
D. 0,224.
Bi 3: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc)
thot ra. Th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 2,24 lt.
C. 3,36 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
Bi 4: Thi mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam hn hp Fe 3O4 v CuO nung nng thu c
2,32 gam hn hp rn. Ton b kh thot ra cho hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu
c 5 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,22 gam.
B. 3,12 gam.
C. 4,0 gam.
D. 4,2 gam.
Bi 5: kh hon ton 30 gam hn hp CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MgO cn dng 5,6 lt kh CO ( ktc).
Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng l
A. 28 gam.
B. 26 gam.
C. 22 gam.
D. 24 gam.
Bi 6: Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st
thu c l A. 5,6 gam.
B. 6,72 gam.
C. 16,0 gam.
D. 8,0 gam.
Bi 7: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al 2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng
hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam.
B. 8,3 gam.
C. 2,0 gam.
D. 4,0 gam.
Bi 8. Cho dng kh CO d i qua hn hp (X) cha 31,9 gam gm Al 2O3, ZnO, FeO v CaO th thu c
28,7 gam hn hp cht rn (Y). Cho ton b hn hp cht rn (Y) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu
c V lt H2 (kc). Gi tr V l
A. 5,60 lt.
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 6,72 lt.
D. 2,24 lt.
Bi 9: Kh 6,4 gam CuO bng H2 nhit cao thu c cht rn A v hn hp kh B. Dn ton b lng kh B
qua bnh ng H2SO4 m c, thy khi lng bnh tng 0,9 gam. Thnh phn % CuO b kh trong phn ng
trn l:
A. 62,5%
B. 75%
C. 80%
D. 65%.
Bi 10: Dn t t lung kh H2 qua 16 gam hn hp gm MgO v CuO un nng n khi khi lng hn hp
khng i thu pc cht rn A. Cht rn A tc dng va vi 1 lt dung dch H 2SO4 0,2M. Phn trn theo khi
lng ca CuO trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 75%
D. 50%
Bi 11: Cho lung kh CO d qua ng s ng 1,6 gam Fe 2O3 n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn
A v kh B. Cho ton b lng kh B thu c vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thy xut hin 3 gam kt ta.
Phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 b kh l:
A. 75%
B. 80%
C. 90%
D. 100%
Bi 12: C m gam hn hp cha Fe v Fe 2O3. Cho lung kh CO d i qua m gam hn hp trn, un nng n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 11,2 gam Fe. Cng m gam hn hp trn cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d
ngi ta thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 30%
B. 41,7%
C. 58,83%
D. 70%
Bi 13: Kh hon ton 4,06 gam oxit kim loi R bi kh CO thu c 1,568 lt kh CO 2. Lng kim loi sinh ra cho
tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl d thu c 0,0525 mol H2. Cng thc phn t ca oxit kim loi l:
Al2O3
B. CuO
C. Fe2O3
D. Fe3O4
A.
Bi 14: Cho lung kh CO qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp X gm FeO v Fe 2O3 nung nng, c cht rn Y
nng 4,784 gam v 0,046 mol CO2. S mol tng cht trong hn hp X l.
0,015 mol FeO v 0,0025 mol Fe2O3
B. 0,01 mol FeO v 0,03mol Fe2O3
A.
C. 0,02 mol FeO v 0,02 mol Fe2O3.
D. 0,02 mol FeO v 0,03 mol Fe2O3.
Bi 15: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua 29 gam mt oxit st. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ngi ta thu c
mt cht rn c khi lng 21 gam. Xc nh cng thc oxit st.
A. Khng xc nh c
B. Fe2O3
C. FeO
D. Fe3O4
Bi 16: Dng CO d kh hon tan m gam bt st oxit. Dn tan b lng kh sinh ra i tht chm qua 1 lt
dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M th va v thu c 9,85gam kt ta. Mt khc ha tan tan b m gam bt st oxit trn

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

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bng dd HCl d ri c cn th thu c 16,25gam mui khan. m c gi tr l bao nhiu gam? V cng thc oxit
(FexOy).
A, 8gam; Fe2O3
B. 15,1gam, FeO
C. 16gam; FeO
D. 11,6gam; Fe3O4
Bi 17: Dng CO d kh han tan m gam bt st oxit(Fe xOy) dn tan b lng kh sinh ra i tht chm qua 1
lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M th phn ng va thu c 9,85gam kt ta. S mol kh CO2 thu c l bao nhiu?
A. 0,05mol
B. 0,15 mol
C. 0,025mol
D. 0,05 v 0,075 mol
Bi 18: Dng CO d kh han tan m gam bt st oxit (Fe xOy), dn tan b lng kh sinh ra i tht chm qua 1
lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M th va v thu c 9,85gam kt ta. Mt khc ha tan tan b m gam bt st oxit
bng dung dch HCl d ri c cn th thu c 16,25 gam mui khan. m c ga tr l?
A. 8 gam
B. 15,1gam
C. 16gam
D. 11,6gam
Bi 19: Hn hp X gm Fe v oxit st c khi lng 2,6gam. Cho kh CO d i qua X nung nng, Kh sinh ra hp
th vo dung dch nc vi trong d th c 10gam kt ta. Tng khi lng Fe c trong X l?
A. 1 gam
B. 0,056gam
C. 2 gam
D. 1,12gam
Bi 20: Dn 1 lung CO d qua ng ng m gam hn hp X gm Fe 2O3 v CuO nung nng thu c cht rn Y;
kh ra khi ng c dn vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, thu c 40 gam kt ta. Ha tan cht rn Y trong
dung dch HCl d thy c 4,48 lt kh H2 bay ra (ktc). Ga tr m l?
A. 24
B. 16
C. 32
D. 12
Bi 21: Nung nng 7,2gam Fe2O3 vi kh CO. Sau mt thi gian thu c m gam cht rn X. Kh sinh ra sau phn
ng c hp th ht bi ddBa(OH) 2 c 5,91g kt ta, tip tc cho Ba(OH) 2 d vo dung dch trn thy c 3,94
gam kt ta na. Tm m?
A. 0,32gam
B. 64gam
C. 3,2gam
D. 6,4gam
Bi 22: Cho kh CO qua ng s cha 15,2gam hn hp cht rn CuO v Fe 3O4 nung nng , thu c kh X v 13,6
gam cht rn Y. Dn t t kh X vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta v nung n khi lng
khng i c m gam cht rn. m c ga tr l?
A. 10gam
B. 16gam
C. 12gam
D. 18gam
Bi 23: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn ng hn
hp rn cn li l:
A. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO.
B. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg.
D. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO
TS KHI A-2007
Bi 24: Phn ng ho hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng.
B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng.
D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c, nng
TS C KHI A-2007
Bi 25: Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al2O3, MgO, Fe3O4, CuO
thu c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Gi
s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A. MgO, Fe, Cu.
B. Mg, Fe, Cu.
C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu. D. Mg, Al, Fe, Cu.
TS C KHI A-2007
Bi 26: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th
tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp kh sau phn ng l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Fe = 56)
A. FeO; 75%.
B. Fe2O3; 75%. C. Fe2O3; 65%.
D. Fe3O4; 75%.TS C KHI A-2007
Bi 27: Cho V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v Fe 3O4
nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,448.
B. 0,112.
C. 0,224.
D. 0,560.
TS KHI A-2008
Bi 28: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc);
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,75
B. 21,40.
C. 29,40.
D. 29,43.
TS KHI A-2008
Bi 29: Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO, Fe 2O3 ( nhit
cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch
Ca(OH)2 th to thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l
A. 1,120.
B. 0,896.
C. 0,448.
D. 0,224.
TS C KHI A-2008
Bi 30: t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe 2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh)
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi V ml
dung dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 150.
B. 100.
C. 200.
D. 300.
TS C
KHI A-2008
Bi 31: Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al 2O3 nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton,
thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam.
B. 8,3 gam.
C. 2,0 gam.
D. 4,0 gam.
TS KHI A-2009

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

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Bi 32: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe 3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v
3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 45,6.
B. 48,3.
C. 36,7.
D. 57,0.
TS KHI B-2009
Bi 33: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy cn va 17,92 lt kh CO (ktc), thu c a gam kim loi M. Ha tan
ht a gam M bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thu c 20,16 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Oxit MxOy l
A. Cr2O3.
B. FeO.
C. Fe3O4.
D. CrO
TS KHI B-2010

III- BI TP LUYN TP T GII

1. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng ng m gam Fe 2O3 nht cao mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 6,72
gam hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau (A). em ho tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung dch HNO 3 d
thy to thnh 0,448 lt kh B duy nht c t khi so vi kh H 2 bng 15. m nhn gi tr l (cho Fe = 56; O
= 16; C = 12 )
A. 5,56 gam
B. 6,64 gam
C.7,2 gam
D. 8,81 gam
2. Thi 1 lng kh CO i qua ng ng m gam Fe 2O3 nung nng thu c 6,72 gam hn hp X gm 4
cht rn l Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 . X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thy to thnh 0,16 mol NO2. m (g)
Fe2O3 c gi tr bng (cho Fe = 56; O = 16; C = 12 )
A. 8 gam
B. 7
C. 6 gam
D. 5 gam
3. Thi t t V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H 2 i qua ng ng 16,8 gam hn hp 3 oxit CuO,
Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn v mt hn hp kh
nng hn khi lng ca hn hp V l 0,32 gam. Tnh V v m
(cho Fe = 56; O = 16; Al = 27 ; C = 12 ; H = 1)
A. 0,224 lt v 14,48 gam
B. 0,672 lt v 18,46 gam
C. 0,112 lt v 12,28 gam
D. 0,448 lt v 16,48 gam
4. Thi rt chm 2,24 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H2 i qua ng s ng hn hp CuO, Fe3O4,
Al2O3, Fe2O3 c khi lng l 24 d c un nng, phn ng hon ton. Sau khi kt thc phn ng khi
lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l
(cho Fe = 56; O = 16; Al = 27 ; C = 12 ; H = 1).
A. 22,4 gam
B. 11,2 gam
C. 20,8 gam
D. 16,8 gam
5. Cho lung kh CO d vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm CuO, MgO, Fe 3O4, Al2O3 thu c
cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH d khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Gi s cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm.
A. MgO, Fe, Cu
B. Mg, Fe, Cu
C. MgO, Fe3O4, Cu
D. Mg, Fe, Cu, Al
6. Cho 4,48 lt kh CO (ktc) t t i qua ng nung nng ng 8 gam mt oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn
trm th tch ca kh CO2 trong hn hp sau phn ng l
(cho Fe = 56; O = 16; C = 12)
A. FeO ; 75%
B. Fe2O3 ; 75%
C. Fe2O3 ; 65%
D. Fe3O4 ; 75%
7. Cho lung kh CO d qua ng ng m gam hn hp X gm CuO v Fe 2O3 nung nng thu c cht
rn Y. Kh ra khi ng c dn vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 40 gam kt ta. Ho tan
cht rn Y trong dung dch HCl d thy c 4,48 lt kh H 2 bay ra ktc. Gi tr m l (cho Fe = 56; O = 16;
C = 12 ; Cl = 35,5 ; H = 1 ; Cu = 64 ; Ca = 40)
A. 24
B. 16
C. 32
D. 12
8. Cho lung kh CO d qua ng ng m gam hn hp X gm CuO, Fe 2O3, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng thu
c hn hp rn c khi lng 16 gam. Dn ton b kh thot ra sc vo bnh ng nc vi trong d,
thu c 15 gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m l
A. 18,4
B. 13,6
C. 22,6
D. 23
9. Khi dng CO kh Fe2O3 thu c hn hp rn X. Ho tan X bng dung dch HCl d thy c 4,48
lt kh bay ra ktc. Dung dch thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi NaOH d cho 45 gam kt ta trng.
Th tch CO ktc cn dng l
(cho Fe = 56; O = 16; C = 12 ; Cl = 35,5 ; H = 1 ; Na = 23)
A. 6,72 lt
B. 8,96 lt
C. 10,08 lt
D. 13,44 lt
10. Kh ht m gam Fe3O4 bng kh CO thu c hn hp A gm FeO v Fe. A tan va trong 0,3 lt
dung dch H2SO41M cho ra 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh m (cho Fe = 56; O = 16)
A. 23,2 gam
B. 2,32 gam
C. 23,2 gam
D. 23,2 gam

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

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11. Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Cr 2O3, Fe2O3, Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c d, sau
phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton 41,4 gam X bng phn ng nhit
nhm, phI dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Cr2O3 trong hn hp X l (cho
hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100% ; O = 16 ; Al = 27 ; Cr = 52 ; Fe = 16)
A. 20,33%
B. 66,67%
C. 50,67%
D. 36,71%
12. Kh 4,8 gam mt oxit ca kim loi trong dy in ho nhit cao, cn 2,016 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Kim
loi thu c em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,344 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Cng thc ho hc
ca oxt kim loi dng l (cho Fe = 56; Zn = 65; Cu = 64; O = 16)
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3 ;
C. ZnO
D. CuO
13. Cho 4,72 gam hn hp bt cc cht Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3 tc dng vi CO nhit cao. Phn ng xong
thu c 3,92 gam st. Nu ngm cng lng hn hp cc cht trn trong dung dch CuSO4 d, phn ng
xong khi lng cht rn thu c l 4,96 gam. Khi lng (gam) Fe, Fe 2O3, FeO trong hn hp ban u
ln lt l (cho Fe = 56; S = 32; Cu = 64; O = 16)
A. 1,68 ; 1,44 ; 1,6
C. 1,6 ; 1,54 ; 1,64
C. 1,6 ; 1,44 ; 1,64
D. 1,68 ; 1,6 ; 1,44
14. Kh hon ton 4,06 gam mt oxit kim loi bng CO nhit cao thnh kim loi. Dn ton b kh
sinh ra vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy to thnh 7 gam kt ta. Nu ly lng kim loi sinh ra
ho tan ht trong dung dch HCl d, thu c 1,176 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Cng thc ho hc ca oxit kim loi
dng l (cho Fe = 56; Zn = 65; Cu = 64; O = 16; Ca = 40; C = 12)
A. FeO
B. Fe2O3 ;
C. Fe3O4
D. CuO
15. t chy hon ton 33,4 gam hn hp B 1 gm bt cc kim loi Al, Fe v Cu ngoi khng kh, thu
c 41,4 gam hn hp B2 gm ba oxit kim loi. Cho ton b hn hp B2 thu c tc dng hon ton vi
dung dch H2SO4 20% c khi lng ring d = 1,14g/ml. Th tch ti thiu ca dung dch H 2SO4 20%
ho tan ht hn hp B2 l (cho Fe = 56; Al = 27; Cu = 64; O = 16; S = 32; H = 1)
A. 251 ml
B. 215 ml
C. 200 ml
D. 198 ml
Cu
A

1
C

2
A

3
D

4
A

5
A

6
B

Chuyn : I CNG KIM LOI

7
A

8
A

9
C

10
D

11
D

12
B

13
D

14
C

15
B

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