Li m u

V phng php gii peptit: Cc bn cn nm c cc k thut gii peptit c s

nht (c th google search v trong phm vi ti liu ny mnh khng th trnh by ht c).
Hoc s dng cung sch dnh ring cho peptit m anh cng bn L Hu Nht Trng mi
xut bn. Nm c t tng cc phng php qui v ipeptit, ng ng ha, Trng ngng
ha, S dng gc axyl, Cng thc tng qutCc phng trnh tng qut thy phn thnh
peptit mch ngn, thy phn trong mi trng axit, trong NaOH, phn ng t chy mui
Nhun nhuyn ( y ni thc hnh nhiu thnh k nng v hiu ti sao li c n) cng thc
kinh nghim. Bit s dng cc chc nng ca my tnh cm tay nh SOLVE v
TABLETm li, theo kin ca mnh th t duy mi l vn quan trng ch khng c
phng php, cng thc no l ti u cho tt c mi bi ton c!
V li gii ca cc bi ton di y: Mt s do mnh gii, mt s khc l li gii
m mnh c trao i vi cc bn hc sinh. Trong phi k n cc em: Nguyn Vn Ph
Qu, Vn Khang, Ng Th Thy Linh, Thin Nhi Hi Gic t t, Lm Mnh Cng, L H
Hng GiangCm n cc em rt nhiu! Cng xin c gi li cm n ti thy Nguyn
Hong V (V Nguyn), thy Hong Vn Chung ( trng THPT chuyn Bn Tre), thy L
Khc Thin Long, thy To Mnh c (Nguyn Vn t)...Nhng ngi sng tc v "ch
tc" v gii rt nhiu bi peptit hay cho hc sinh v gio vin c nc. ng thi c nh
hng khng nh n qu trnh gii peptit ca mnh!
Cm n cc Ad ca Bookgol trong phi k n bn o Vn Yn, cc em Phan Thanh
Tng v Trn Hu Nht Trng, V Vn Thin xy dng v pht trin bookgol mnh
c c hi c post ti liu ny.
Cui cng: Nhng li gii di y cha hn l ti u nht, hay nht. V vy khi s
dng ti liu ny cc bn c gng t gii bng bt c phng php v cch lm no m mnh
ang c v hc c rt ra kinh nghim ca bn thn!
Mt s k hiu qui c trong file ny:
n l s mt xch, nu l s mol ca cht A th n A S mt xch l n A
k l s lin kt .
2-peptit, 3-peptit, 4-peptit..

i-peptit, tri-peptit, tetra-peptit

Nng bi28/05/16
Nguyn Cng Kit

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 1

Phn 1: Mt s cu peptit trong thi th cc trng nm 2016.

Cu 1: Thu phn hon ton 14,6 gam mt ipeptit X c cu to bi -amino axit c 1 nhm -NH2
v 1 nhm- COOH bng dung dch NaOH thu sn phm trong c 11,1 gam mt mui c cha
20,72% Na v khi lng. Cng thc cht X l:
A. H2NCH(CH3)CONHCH(CH3)COOH.
B. H2NCH(C2H5)CONHCH2COOH hoc H2NCH2CONHCH2(CH3)COOH.
C. H2NCH2CONHCH2COOH.
D. H2NCH(CH3)CONHCH2COOH hoc H2NCH2CONHCH2(CH3)COOH.

(Trng THPT Qunh Lu 1/ Ngh An/ thi th ln 1-2016)

Hng dn

Trong sn phm mui s c dng C x H 2x NO2 Na.

23
11,1
111 (AlaNa) n AlaNa
0,1 n peptit
0,2072
111
M peptit 14,6 / 0,1 146 M a.a cn li 146 89 18 75 (Ala)
M mui

X l GlyAla hoc AlaGly.

Chn p n D
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm cc peptit mch h, u c to thnh t cc aminoaxit c dng
H2NCaHbCOOH. un nng 9,26 gam X vi dung dch KOH d, thu c dung dch cha 16,38 gam
mui. Nu t chy hon ton 9,26 gam X cn 8,4 lt O2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (CO2,
H2O, N2) vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, sau phn ng thu c m gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch
gim 43,74 gam. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi gi tr no sau y?
A. 70,0
B. 60,0
C. 65,0
D. 55,0

(Trng THPT Qunh Lu 1/ Ngh An/ thi th ln 2-2016)

Hng dn
Cch 1: bi khng cho cc a.a no

t n CO2 : x mol; n H2O : y; n N 2 : z mol;

Phn ng chy :
X O2 CO2 H 2 O N 2
BTKL : 9,26 0,375.32 44x 18y 28z (1)
m dd 197n CO2 44n CO2 18n H2O 153x 18y = 43,74 (2)
BT.O: n O (X) 2x y 0,75
Phn ng thy phn :
X KOH RNO2 K H 2O ;BT.N : n KOH 2z;
BT.O: n H2O n O (X) n O (KOH) n(O)RNO2K
2x y 2z 0,75
BTKL:9,26 + 2z.56 = 16,38 + 18.(2x y 2z 0,75) (3)
T (1) (2) (3) n CO2 x 0,32 m BaCO3 63,04 gam
Lp h 4 n bm my vinacal l cch thc t hn.

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 2

Cch 2: Gi s a.a no(liu n nhiu) Gii cho khe:

nO2 (t pep) 1,5.(n CO2 n N2 ) 1,5(n H2O n peptit )

CO2 : x 44x 18y 28z 9,26 0,375.32

x 0,32 m 63,04
H 2 O : y 197x (44x 18y) 43,74
N : z
1,5(x z) 0,375

2
Chn p n C

Cu 3: X l mt peptit c 16 mt xch (c to t cc -amino axit no, h, c 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH). t chy m gam X cn dng 45,696 lt O2. Nu ly m gam X
cho tc dng vi lng va dung dch NaOH ri c cn cn thn th thu c hn hp
cht rn Y. t chy hon ton Y trong bnh cha 12,5 mol khng kh, ton b kh sau phn
ng chy c ngng t hi nc th cn li 271,936 lt hn hp kh Z. Bit cc phn ng
1
xy ra hon ton, cc kh o ktc, trong khng kh c
th tch O2 cn li l N2. Gi tr
5
gn nht ca m l?
A. 46 gam
B. 41 gam
C. 43 gam
D. 38 gam
(Trng THPT Qunh Lu 1/ Ngh An/ thi th ln 3-2016)
Hng dn
N 2 :10 mol
n O2 ( cn t ) = 2,04 = 1,5.(n CO2 n N2 ) (1) 12,5 mol
;
O2 : 2,5
(N 2 O2 )kk (cn) 10, 46

12,14 mol Mui sinh ra : 1,68 = CO N

2
2

(ca mui)
BT.C:1,68 + n Na2CO3 = CO2 N 2 (2)
N2

(ca pep)

(1) v (2) n CO2 1,68; n N2 = 0,32 ; n pep

0,32.2
0,04
16

n CO2 n H2O n N2 n pep n H2O 1, 4

BTKL : m pep m CO2 m H2O m N2 m O2 42,8

Cch khc:
C x H 2x NO2 Na 0,5Na 2CO3 (x 0,5)CO 2 xH 2O 0,5N 2
a(x 0,5)

ax

0,5a

CO2 ; N 2 (t mui ) 1,68

12,14 mol Z gm:
O2 (d);N 2 (kk) :10, 46
S mol oxi khi t chy mui bng mol oxi khi t chy peptit.
a(x 0,5) 0,5a ax 1,68 ax 1,68

a(1,5x 0,75) 2,04

a 0,64
m 14.1,68 29.0,64
gc axyl

0,64
.18 42,8
16
H2O

Chn p n C

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 3

Cu 4: un nng 0,8 mol hn hp A gm ipeptit X, tripeptit Y v tetrapeptit z u mch h

bng lng va dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 1,0 mol mui ca Glyxin; 0,8
mol mui ca alanin v 0,4 mol mui ca valin. Mc khc t chy m gam A trong O2 va
thu c hn hp CO2, H2O v N2 trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l 156,56 gam.
Khi lng m l
A. 71,24 gam.
B. 46,54 gam.
C. 67,12 gam.
D. 55,81 gam
(Trng THPT Qunh Lu 1/ Ngh An/ thi th ln 4-2016)
Hng dn
Th nghim 1 :
n CO2 n H2O n N 2 n peptit (1.2 0,8.3 0, 4.5) n H2O

(1 0,8 0, 4)
0,8
2

n CO2 6, 4; n H2O = 6,1 m CO2 H2O 391, 4

Th nghim 2 :
156,56
(1.57 0,8.71 0, 4.99 0,8.18) 67,12 gam.
391, 4
Chn p n C
m

Cu 5: Hn hp X gm tripeptit Y, tetrapeptit Z v peptapeptit T (u mch h) ch c to

ra t Gly, Ala v Val. t chy hon ton m gam X, ri cho ton b sn phm chy (ch gm
CO2; H2O v N2) vo bnh ng 140 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton thy c 840 ml (ktc) mt kh duy nht thot ra v thu c dung dch c khi
lng tng 11,865 gam so vi khi lng dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u. Gi tr ca m gn vi
gi tr no nht sau y?
A. 7,25
B. 6,26
C. 8,25
D. 7,26
(Trng THPT chuyn i Hc Vinh/ thi th ln 1-2016)
Hng dn
Cch 1: (Thy Hong Vn Chung THPT chuyn Bn Tre)
C n H 2n 2 k N k O k 1
0,0375.2
0,0375.2.n
.(62n 5k 18) (0,28
)197 11,865 0,0375.28
k
k
67,7k 1,35
n
(k l s mt xch)
19, 425
0,0375.2
67,7k 1,35
m
(14.
29k 18)
k
19, 425
V 3 < k < 5 6,089864...< m < 6,260135.
Cch 2: (Lng Mnh Cm. Hc sinh Chuyn Nguyn Bnh Khim/Vnh Long)
C 2 H3NO 0,075
CO2 0,15+a
BaCO3 0,13 - a

Ba(OH)2
to
m CH 2 a mol
H 2 O a + b + 0,1125
O2
0,14 mol
Ba(HCO3 )2 a + 0,01
H O b mol
N 0,0375
2
2
44(a 0,15) 18(a b 0,1125) (0,13 a)197 11,865
259a 18 b 28,85
V 0,015 < b < 0,025 0,10965 < a < 0,11035 6,0801< m< 6,2699 B

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 4

Cch 3: (Nguyn Cng Kit)

0,075

x y 0,0375 n (n CO2 n H2O n N2 n peptit )

CO2 : x
44x 18y 197(0,28 x) 11,865

H 2 O : y 3 n 5 (n l s mt xch)

0,075
m peptit m 12x 2y 30.0,075 16.
n
n 3 : x 0,2597;y 0,2472; m 6,2608
n 5 : x 0,2603;y 0,2378; m 6,0892
6,0892 m 6,2608

Cch 4: Thy To Mnh c ( Quiv i peptit)

n C 2x H 4x N 2O3 n N 2 0,0375 mol
0,14 n CO2 0,28
+ Xt n CO2 0,28 m C 2x H 4x N2O3 0,28(12 2) 0,0375.76 6,77 gam.
m < 6,77-(0,0375

0,0375.2
)18 6,545 ch c B;
n

m H O ( thm)
2

Chn p n B
Bnh lun: Mc d nhng cch khc c tng rt hay tuy nhin cch 4 vn l ti u nht
trong bi ton ny v khng s dng d kin dung dch tng. Tt nhin cch lm ny ch p
dng c khi cc p n nhiu cha tt.
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm glyxin v tyrosin. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH d, thu c dung dch Y cha (m + 8,8) gam mui. Mt khc nu cho m gam X tc
dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Z cha (m + 10,95) gam mui. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 33,1.
B. 46,3.
C. 28,4.
D. 31,7.
(Trng THPT chuyn i Hc Vinh/ thi th ln 2-2016)
Hng dn
Bi ny nh qu v tyrosin khng c trong SGK c bn! Tt nhin phi bit n c cu to
th no mi gii c: HO-C6H4-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH ( C9H11NO3) Cht ny c 2H linh
ng nn phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 2:1.
Gly : x x y 10, 75 / 36,5 x 0, 2

Tyr : y x 2y 8,8 / 22
y 0,1
m 0, 2.75 0,1.181 33,1 gam.
Chn p n A

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 5

Cu 7: Hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O, N. t chy hon ton 0,01 mol X bng lng va

0,0875 mol O2. Sau phn ng chy, sc ton b sn phm vo nc vi trong d. Sau
phn ng hon ton, thy tch ra 7 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch thu c gim 2,39
gam so vi khi lng nc vi ban u, ng thi c 0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi ly
4,46 gam X tc dng va vi 60 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c dung dch Y cha m gam 3 cht tan gm mt mui ca axit hu c n
chc v hai mui ca hai amino axit (u cha mt nhm -COOH v mt nhm -NH2, phn
t khi hn km nhau 14 vC). Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,80 gam.
B. 5,44 gam.
C. 6,14 gam.
D. 6,50 gam.
(Trng THPT chuyn i Hc Vinh/ thi th ln 3-2016)
Hng dn
+ Phn ng chy ( tm cng thc phn t):
0, 07
n CO2 0, 07; C
7; - 2,39 = ( 0,07.44 + 18.n H 2O ) 7
0, 01
0, 085.2
2.0,336 / 22, 4
n H 2O 0, 085 H
17; N =
3;
0, 01
0, 01
0, 07.2 0, 085 0, 0875.2
BT.O : O
5;
0, 01
X : C 7 H17 N3O5 (M = 223)
+ Phn thy phn ( tm cng thc cu to):
7 = m + n + (n+1) (m: s C ca mui axit m 1, n v n+1 l s C ca mui A.a n 2 )
*) Nu m=1 thy ngay n = 2,5 ( loi).
*) Nu m = 2 n = 2; Cc a.a ln lt c 2C v 3C.
*) Nu m = 3 n < 2 (loi)
Do ch c 2C v 3C nn cc A.a u phi no kt hp gi thit c 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm COOH nn "coi nh" cc A.a l Gly v Ala.
Axit hu c n chc c 2C nn bt buc n cng phi no: CH3COOH.
n X 0, 02; m mGlyNa mAlaNa mCH3COONa 5,8 gam.
Chn p n A.
Cu 8: Hn hp A cha 2 peptit X, Y (c s lin kt peptit hn km nhau 1 lin kt). t
chy hon ton 10,74 gam A cn dng 11,088 lt oxi (ktc), dn sn phm chy qua bnh
ng nc vi trong d, khi lng bnh tng 24,62 gam. Mt khc, un nng 0,03 mol A
cn va 70,0 ml NaOH 1,0 M thu c hn hp Z cha 3 mui ca Gly, Ala, Val, trong
mui ca Gly chim 38,14 % v khi lng. Phn trm (%) khi lng mui ca Val
trong Z gn nht vi
A. 20%.
B. 25,3%.
C. 24,3%.
D. 31,4%.
(Trng THPT chuyn Quc Hc Hu/ thi th ln 1-2016)
Hng dn
Phn ng thy phn :
0,07

2,23 (s lin kt)

n
X : C x H y N 2O3 : 0,02
/cho

0,03

X : C m H n N3O 4 : 0,01
X, Y hn km nhau 1 lin kt

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 6

Phn ng chy :
BTKL :10,74 0, 495.32 24,62 14.n N n N 0,14.
t l P.2/P.1 = 0,14/0,07 = 2.
C x H y N 2 O3 : 0,04
CO2 : a
10,74
O2 : 0, 495 24,62
N2 .
H 2O : b
C m H n N3O 4 : 0,02
44a 18b 24,62
a 0, 4

12a b 0,04.76 0,02.106 10,74 b 0,39

Phn trm khi lng mui trong 2 phn l nh nhau.
GlyNa : x BT.C : 2x 3y 5z 0, 4
x 0,06

y 0,06
AlaNa : y BT.N : x y z 0,14
ValNa : z
(97x) / (97x 111y 139z) 0,3814 z 0,02

139.0,02.100%
18,22%
0,06.(97 111) 0,02.139
Chn p n A.
%ValNa

Bnh lun: Bi ny thc ra cn nhiu cch gii na ngn gn hn thm ch khng cn dng
n d kin mol O2 nhng m mnh dng cch ny cho khai thc ht d kin bi ton!
Cu 9: un nng 0,14 mol hn hp A gm hai peptit X (CxHyOzN4) v Y (CnHmO7Nt) vi dung
dch NaOH va ch thu c dung dch cha 0,28 mol mui ca glyxin v 0,4 mol mui ca
alanin. Mt khc t chy m gam A trong O2 va thu c hn hp CO2, H2O v N2, trong
tng khi lng ca CO2 v nc l 63,312 gam. Gi tr m gn nht l:
A. 32.
B. 28.
C. 34.
D. 18.
(Trng THPT chuyn Quc Hc Hu/ thi th ln 2-2016)
Hng dn
Th nghim 1 :
n CO2 n H2O n N 2 n peptit
CO2 :
x y 0,34 0,14

x 2.0,28 3.0, 4
H 2 O : y n CO2 n C (gly) n C (Ala)
x 1,76; y = 1,56 m CO2 H2O 105,52
Th nghim 2 :
63,312 3
3
m .(0,28.57 0, 4.71 0,14.18) 28,128 gam.
105,52 5
5
Chn p n B
k

Cu 10: Hn hp T gm ba peptit mch h X, Y, Z c t l mol tng ng l 2 : 3 : 4. Thy

phn hon ton 35,97 gam T thu c hn hp sn phm gm 0,29 mol A v 0,18 mol B. Bit
tng s lin kt peptit trong ba phn t X, Y, Z bng 16, A v B u l amionaxit no, c 1
nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH trong phn t. Nu t chy 4x mol X hoc 3x mol Y u
thu c s mol CO2 bng nhau. t chy hon ton m gam hn hp T thu c N2, 0,74
mol CO2 v a mol H2O. Gi tr a gn nht l:
A. 0,65

B. 0,67

C. 0,69

D. 0,72

(Trng THPT Nguyn Hu H Ni/ Thi th ln 1/2016)

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 7

Hng dn
Gp chui: 2X 3Y 4Z X 2 Y3Z 4 8H 2 O
H

Bin lun
Ta c t l: A:B = 0,29:0,18 = 29:18 = 29k:18k
k 1

k 1: K 47 46 H 2 O 29A 18B (2)

0,01

0,46

0,29

0,18

BTKL cho (2) : m K 0,29.A 0,18B 0, 46.18

m K 0,01.8.18 0,29.A 0,18B 0,38.18
mH

35,97 0,29.A 0,18B 0,38.18 4281 29.A 18.B

Table Y =

4281 29
4281
- X: start =75; step 14; end:
A 75; B = 117
18 18
29

C 2 H 5NO2 : 0,29
CO :1, 48
BT.C
O2 :1,8675
2

N : 0, 47
C 5H11NO2 : 0,18
BTKL : 35,97 1,8675.32 1, 48.44 0, 47.14 a '.18
a ' 1,335 a a '

0,74
0,6675
1, 48

Chn p n B
Bnh lun: mol O2 khi t peptit to bi a.a bng mol O2 khi t a.a li dng tnh cht ny
bo ton khi lng.
T duy theo kiu lin h gia mol CO2 v H2O
n T n X n Y n Z 0,01(2 3 4) 0,09 mol
1, 48 mol CO 2 : n CO2 n H2O n N 2 n peptit n H 2O 1,335
1,48

0,235

0,09

0,74 mol CO 2 : a n H2O / 2 0,6675 mol

T duy theo kiu qui v ipeptit

n T n X n Y n Z 0,01(2 3 4) 0,09 mol
n T2 n N 2 (0,29 0,18) / 2 0,235 mol;
Qui v ipeptit:
n CO2 n H2O 1, 48
n T2 - n H2O (th m) = n T n H2O (th m) = 0,145 mol
n H2O (t T) = 1, 48 - 0,145 = 1, 335
a

0,74
1,335 0,6675 mol
1, 48

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 8

Cu 11: X, Y, Z l ba peptit u mch h v MX > MY > MZ. t chy 0,16 mol peptit X
hoc 0,16 mol peptit Y cng nh 0,16 mol peptit Z u thu c CO2 c s mol nhiu hn
s mol ca H2O l 0,16 mol. Nu un nng 69,8 gam hn hp E cha X, Y v 0,16 mol Z (s
mol ca X nh hn s mol ca Y) vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c dung dch ch cha
2 mui ca alanin v valin c tng khi lng 101,04 gam. Phn trm khi lng ca X c
trong hn hp E gn vi gi tr no nht:
A. 12%

B. 95%

C. 54%

D. 10%

(Trng THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu/H Ni/ thi th ln 2-2016)

Hng dn
n CO2 n H2O n pep X;Y;Z u l tetra-peptit.
X
: a mol
BTKL
69,8 Y
NaOH 101,04 (a 0,16).18 a 0,06
Z:0,16
4a 0,64

Ala : x 71x 99y 101,04 0,88.40 x 0,76

Val : y x y 0,88
y 0,12

Z khng cha Val ( Z l Ala4: 0,16 mol); cn li Ala trong X; Y l 0,12 mol
Trong Y: Ala nhiu hn Val Y: Ala3Val
( nY > nX nY > 0,06/2 =0,03 nn Y khng th l Ala4: 0,03 )
Trong X: Val nhiu hn Ala. Nu l Val3Ala: nX=nYsai X: Val4
Tm c nX = 0,02 % mX = 11,86%
Chn p n A
Bnh lun: on tm mol cc a.a c th lm nh sau?

Pep : x
18.x 71x 99y 69,8
x 0,22

Ala : y 40.4x 71x 99y 101,04 y 0,76

Val : z
y z 4x
z 0,12

Cu 12: Oligopeptit mch h X c to nn t cc anpha-amino axit u c cng thc dang

NH2CxHyCOOH. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol X cn dng va 1,875 mol O2 ch thu
c N2, 1,5 mol CO2 v 1,3 mol H2O . mt khc thy phn hon ton 0,025 mol X bng
400ml dung dch NaOH 1M v un nng thu c dung dch Y . C cn cn thn ton b
dung dch Y thu c m g cht rn khan. S lin kt peptit trong X v gi tr ca m ln lt
l:
A. 9 v 27,75g
B.9 v 33,75g
C.10 v 33,75g
D.10 v 27,75g
(Trng THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu/H Ni/ thi th ln 3-2016)
Hng dn
t cng thc ca X: CxHyOzNz-1
BTNT.O: z = (1,5.2 + 1,3 1,875.2)/ 0,05= 11 C 11O, 10N, 9 lin kt Loi C, D.
Khi thy phn, ta c: nH2O = nPeptit = 0,025 v nNaOH = 0,025(11-1) = 0,25
BTKL.mX = mC + mH + mO + mN = 0,75.12+0,65.2+ 0,025.11.16 + 0,025.10.14 = 18,2
|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 9

 BTKL: m rn = mX + mNaOH mH2O = 18,2+0,4.40 0,025.18 = 33,75 gam

Chn p n B.
Cu 13: X l ipeptit Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Gly-Ala-Glu. un nng m gam hn hp X v Y
c t l s mol n X : n y 3 : 2 vi dung dch KOH va , sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c
dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c 17,72 gam mui. Gi tr ca m gn nht vi
A. 12,0 gam
B. 11,1 gam.
C. 11,6 gam.
D. 11,8 gam
(Trng THPT chuyn Bn Tre/ thi th ln 1-2016)
Hng dn

GK : 2 x
AK : 5x
A V : 3x mol

BT.K

KOH :14x mol

G A Glu : 2x mol VK : 3x
GluK 2 : 2 x
m mui 57.2x 5x.71 99.3x 111.2x 14x.56 17,72 x 0,01
KOH

Axyl

m peptit 17,72 14x.56 7x.18 11,14

Axyl

H2O

Chn p n B
Bnh lun:
(*) Axyl v 2 tnh cht c bit!!!
-Gly- phn cn li ca Gly khi loi 1 phn t nc v d -Gly-: 75 - 18 = 57
tng t cho Ala v Val. Vi Glu th loi i 2 phn t nc: -Glu-: 147-18.2 = 111
C hai ci quan trng:
1) m peptit = m gc axyl + m H2O (vi nH2O bng npeptit)
2) m mui = m gc axyl + mNaOH
(**) Bi ny tt nhin c th gii theo cch "bnh thng" m nhanh hn. Cn ch trong
peptit c Glu, 2 nhm -COOH. Mnh dng cch ny cho cc bn lm quen vi vic s dng
tnh cht ca gc Axyl thi.
Cu 14: E l hn hp gm 3 peptit X, Y, Z. Thy phn hon ton 18,6 gam E cn va 225
ml dung dch KOH 1M. C cn cn thn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam hn hp M
gm 3 mui kali ca Gly, Ala , Lys vi s mol tng ng l x, y, z. Nu t chy hon ton
mt lng E thy s mol CO2 v nc thu c l nh nhau. Mt khc, nu t chy hon
ton hn hp gm a mol mui kali ca Gly v b mol mui kali ca Ala (a.y =b.x) c 99
gam CO2 v 49,5 gam nc. Phn trm khi lng mui ca Gly trong M gn nht vi gi
tr no sau y
A. 19.
B. 27
C. 26.
D. 9
( Din Chu 6 ln 2 nm 2016)
Hng dn

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 10

*) Lp c h:
57x+71y+128z 18t 18, 6
Gly : x
x 0, 0495
Ala : y x y z 0, 225

y 0,1485
2x 3y 6z 1,5x 2,5y 6z t

Ly : z
a x 1
z 0, 0269
H 2O : t
3x y 0
t 0, 0990
b y 3
*) Giai thch cho phng trnh th (4).
t GlyK: a mol 1,5a : CO 2 2a : H 2O 1,5a 2,5b 2, 25

2a 3b
2, 75
t AlaK: b mol 2,5b : CO 2 3b : H 2O
a x 1

b y 3
*) Tnh p s:
0, 0495.(57 56).100%
19, 02%
0, 0495.57 0,1485.71 0, 0269.128 0, 225.56
Chn p n A
%GlyK

Bnh lon:
(*) Lys c cng thc phn t C6H14N2O2
(**) Bi ton c s dng tnh cht ca gc axyl (khi tc dng vi NaOH, KOH) nh sau:
-Gly- phn cn li ca Gly khi loi 1 phn t nc v d -Gly-: 75 - 18 = 57
tng t cho Ala v Val, Lys. Vi Glu th loi i 2 phn t nc: -Glu-: 147-18.2 = 111
C hai ci quan trng:
1) m peptit = m gc axyl + m H2O (vi nH2O bng npeptit)
2) m mui = m gc axyl + mNaOH
(***) y = 3x chc gii h 3 n c ri, do mnh dng my vinacal nn "lm bing" gii nh
vy.
Cu 15: Hn hp T gm 3 peptit mch h Ala-Val-Ala-Val-Ala-Val-ValVal (X); peptit (Y)
cu to t Alanin v Valin; peptit (Z) cu to t Glyxin v Alanin (trong Z s mt xch ca
Glyxin nhiu hn s mc xch ca Alanin). Tng s lin kt peptit trong X, Y, Z l 22 v t l
s mol X:Y:Z=1:2:1. t 21,56 gam hn hp T cn 1,23 mol O2. Hp th sn phm chy vo
dung dch cha 1 mol KOH v 0,08 mol K2CO3 thu c dung dch A ch cha mui. Cho
dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 25,216 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi
lng peptit (Z) trong hn hp T l
A. 23,96%
B. 21,26%
C. 20,34%
D. 22,14%
(Trng THPT chuyn Bn Tre/ thi th ln 2-2016)
Hng dn
+ Tm mol CO2:

CO32

OH

n CO2 n

CO32

(K 2CO3 ) 0,128 1 n CO2 0, 08

n CO2 0,952 mol

+ Tm s ch peptit:

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 11

n O2 (t pep) 1,5.(n CO2 n N2 ) n N2 0,132 mol

BTKL : n H2O 0,852 mol
n CO2 n H2O n N2 n pep n pep 0,032;
A3V5 : X8 : 0,008
BT.N : 0,008.8 0,016.m 0,008.n 0,132.2 m 8

Ym : 0,016

8 m n 22 3
n 9
Z : 0,008
n
Tm Z:

3.8 C Y 5.8 24 C Y 40

2.9 C Z 3.9 18 C Z 27
BT.C : 0,25C Z 0,5C Y 0,25.(3.3 5.5) 0,952 / 0,032
Table

2C Y C Z 85 (C Y ;C Z ) (33,19) (32,21) (31;23) (30,25)

x y

Z : G x A y x y 9
(x, y) (8,1) (6,3) (4,5) (2,7)
2x 3y C
Z

Loi ngay trng hp (x,y) = (4,5) = (2,7) v s mt xch Gly ln hn Ala.

Xt: (x,y) = (8,1) ng vi CY = 32 s mt xch ca CY s l (loi).
Xt: (x, y) = (6,3) %Z = (57.6+71.3+18).0,008/21,56 = 21,26%
Chn p n B

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 12

Phn 2. Cc cu peptit trong thi th bookgol t ln 1 n 10 nm 2016.

Cu 16: Hn hp A gm Peptit X (1,4a mol) v peptit Y( a mol) (0,1<a<1); X, Y c to

nn t cc -aminoaxit c trong chng trnh ha ph thng ban c bn. Cho hn hp A tc
dng va vi 1,8 mol NaOH thu c hn hp B gm 3 mui trong khng c mui ca
Valin. t chy hon ton B th thu c 6,475 mol CO2 v 7,5625 mol H2O. Bit c mt aminoaxit ch chim mt mt xch trong X m khng c trong Y. Phn trm v khi lng
ca Y trong hn hp A gn nht gi tr no sau y?
A.30%

B. 40%

C.50%

D.60%

( thi th group ha hc BookGol/2016/ln 1)

Hng dn

C 2 H 4 NO2 Na 0,5Na 2CO3 1,5CO 2 2H 2O

C 3H6 NO2 Na 0,5Na 2CO3 2,5CO 2 3H 2O

B c th C 6 H13N 2 O2 Na 0,5Na 2CO3 5,5CO 2 6,5H 2O

C H NO Na Na CO 1,5CO 3,5H O
4
2
2
3
2
2
5 7
(Can bng Na trc sau CO2 ; H 2O)
Chn ra 3 cht t B c C 34 4. nh vy cn th ti a 4 h;
GlyNa : a mol
BT.Na : a b 2c 1,8
a 0,55

LysNa : b mol 1,5a 5,5b 4c 6, 475 b 0,9

GluNa : c mol 2a 6,5b 3,5c 7,5625 c 0,175
2

(chn h ny cho v s p v tha iu kin bi ton)

a.a ch chim mt mt xch trong X m khng c trong Y l Glu;

1, 4a 0,175 a 0,125
GluGlyx Lysy : 0,175 BT.Gly : 0,175x 0,125p 0,55 (1)
A

Gly
Lys
:
0,125
BT. Lys : 0,175y 0,125q 0,9 (2)
p
q

Dng chc nng TABLE cho (1) x=1; p=3; Cho (2) y=3; q=3.
GluGly1Lys3 : 0,175 (588)
573.0,125.100%
A
%Y
41,04%
Gl
y
Lys
:
0,125
(573)
573.0,125

588.0,175
3 3
Chn p n B
Bnh lun:
- Cu ny li gii cn qu "tru b" v mang tnh cht "hn xui"! Mnh nguyn bn nh
vy v y l cu peptit ln u tin mnh "tp tnh" gii BOOKGOL.
- Li gii ti u ca bi ton ny cc bn c th lin h bn B Ngn Bng Hong.

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 13

Cu 17: X l este ca aminoaxit , Y v Z l hai peptit (MY < MZ) c s nguyn t nit lin
tip nhau; X, Y, Z u mch h. un nng ht 56,73g hn hp H gm X, Y, Z trong dung
dch NaOH (va ), thu c hn hp mui N (ch cha 3 mui natri ca glyxin, alanin,
valin; bit s mol mui ca alanin l 0,08 mol) v 14,72g ancol M. Dn ht M qua CuO un
nng, th thu c 21,12g hn hp hi gm anehit, nc, ancol d. t chy ton b N cn
va 1,7625 mol O2, thu c 36,57g Na2CO3. % khi lng Z trong H c gi tr gn nht
vi
A. 8%

B. 21%

C. 9%
D. 22%
( thi th group ha hc BookGol/2016/ln 2)
Hng dn

Xc nh M :
RCH 2 OH CuO RCHO RCH 2 OH(d) H 2O Cu
14,72

21,12

21,12 14,72
14,72
0, 4 R
31 5,8 (R H)
16
0, 4
Ancol l CH3OH : 0, 46 mol

n RCH2OH n[O]

Xc nh este
GlyNa : x
5 2
7 2
11 2

(2 )x 0,08(3 ) (5 )y 1,7625
AlaNa
:
0,08

4 2
4 2
4 2

ValNa : y
BT.Na : x 0,08 y 2.36,57 / 106

x 0,59; y = 0,02. Do n M 0, 46 mol nn

este: NH 2 CH 2 COOCH3 : 0, 46 mol

T m cng thc peptit v kt lun :

15,79 (g) YZ (C nx H2nx 2n N n On 1 ):Gly:0,13; Ala: 0,08; Val: 0,02;
a(14nx 18 29n) 15,79
a 0,04 A 5 : 0,01

BT.C : anx 0,6

n 5,75 A6 : 0,03
BT.N : na 0,23

A 5 (Glya Ala 3a Val2 ) 0,01 0,01.a 0,03.b 0,13; a 3

Table : a 1; b = 4
A6 (Gly b Ala 6b ) 0,03
Z(A 5 )(GlyAla 2Val 2 ) 0,01 %Z=7,32%
Chn p n A.
Ch by: Trong bi ton trn Z l A 5 ch khng phi A6
C th tm mol peptit bng phng trnh gc axyl:

15,79 0,13.57 0,08.71 0,02.99 n peptit .18 n peptit 0,04 mol

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 14

Sau bo ton Nit ( hoc Na) tm mt xch trung bnh.

Cu 18: X, Y, Z (MX < MY < MZ) l ba peptit mch h, c to t cc -aminoaxit nh
glyxin, alanin, valin, trong 3(MX + MZ) = 7MY. Hn hp H cha X, Y, Z vi t l mol
tng ng l 6 : 2 : 1. t chy ht 56,56g H trong oxi va , thu c n CO : n H O 48 : 47 .
Mt khc, un nng hon ton 56,56g H trong 400ml dung dch KOH 2M (va ), thu c
3 mui. Thy phn hon ton Y trong dung dch NaOH, kt thc phn ng thu c m gam
mui. Loi peptit ca Z v gi tr ca m l:
2

( thi th group ha hc BookGol/2016/ln 3)

A. Tetrapeptit -18,88gam

B. Nonapeptit -11,32gam

C. Tetrapeptit - 22,24gam

D. Nonapeptit- 17,28gam
( Li gii v bnh lun ca NT Nht Trng)
Hng dn

Hng 1: ng ng ha
Gly
H:
; n Gly n KOH 0,8 mol , ta c :
CH
2
0 ,8

m ol

O2
(C 2 H 3ON ) k .H 2 O

48CO 2 47H 2 O 38,4 y 17,6

k

CH 2
1, 6 y m ol

1, 2 0 ,8 y m ol
k
y m ol

n X 0,24
y 0,32

0
,
8
m m H 45,6 18.
14y 56,56
mol n Y 0,08
20
k
k 9 n peptit 0,36
n 0,04
Z

Gi s mt xch trong X, Y, Z ln lt l: m, n, k

(*)

0,24m 0,08n 0,04k 0,8 6m 2n k 20 k 20 2(3m n )

Vi m, n 2 t 8
(k; t ) (4;8); (2;9) Z
Vi

tetrapeptit
ipeptit

t 8 3m n 8 (m ; n ; k ) ( 2 ;2 ;4 )
t 9 3m n 9 (m ; n ; k ) ( 2 ;3 ;2 )

TH 1: X, Y, Z ln lt l: ipeptit, ipeptit v Tetrapeptit v s gc CH2 trong X,Z, Yl: a,

b, c
Ta c: 3(Gly2 14a ) (Gly 4 14b) 7(Gly2 14c) 42(a b) 98c 210
Vi

0,08(2.C 2 H 4 O 2 NaN 3CH 2 ) 18,88gam

0 (a b) 18

3
;
6

(**)Nhng

0,08(2.C 2 H 4 O 2 NaN 6CH 2 ) 22,24gam

0 c 6

!Vi c=6: n CH 2 0,32 0,24a 0,04b 0,08.6 Loi !Cc bn ch !

Vy p n chnh xc ca chng ta l : A.Tetrapeptit - 18,88gam
TH 2: X, Y, Z ln lt l: ipeptit, Tripeptit, ipeptit v s CH2 trong X,Y,Z l: a,b,c
Ta c: 3[(Gly2 14a ) (Gly3 14b)] 7(Gly2 14c) 42(a b) 98c 666
Khng c b nghim tha mn !
|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 15

Vy p n ph hp nht l: A
Hng 2: Quy hn hp v gc aminoaxit v H2O
X, Y, Z

C n H 2 n 1 NO 2 : 0,8 mol ( n KOH )

H 2O : y

mol

m H 11,2n 18y 37,6 56,56gam

(1)

m ol

0 ,8

C n H 2 n 1 NO 2

H 2O

n CO 2
0,8n
48
O2

CO 2 H 2 O

n H 2O 0,8n y 0,4 47
0 ,8 n
0 ,8 n y 0 , 4

( 2)

y m ol

T (1) v (2)
n 2, 4
n 2,4
y 0, 44

; Ta c : kC n H 2 n 1 NO 2 (k 1)H 2 O
Peptit

y 0,44
m ol
m ol
20
0 ,8
0, 44

k
9
mol 0, 36

n X 0,24

n Y 0,08 . Tng t cch 1 , ta c :

n 0,04
Z

TH 1: X, Y, Z ln lt l: ipeptit, ipeptit v Tetrapeptit. Gi s C trong X, Z, Y l a, b, c:

M X 14a 76
M Y 14c 76 3(14a 14b 210) 7(14c 76) 42(a b) 98c 98
M Z 14b 134
c

7 ;10 m

BT

KL
0,08.(C 7 H14 N 2 O 3 2 NaOH H 2 O) 18,88gam

0,08.(C10H 20 N 2 O 3 2 NaOH H 2 O) 22,24gam

Ta ch : c = 10 ; BT (Cacbon )ta c iu v l ! Vy p n l A !
TH 2: X, Y, Z ln lt l: ipeptit, Tripeptit, ipeptit. Gi s C trong X, Z, Y l a, b, c:
Tng t ta cng khng tm c b nghim tha mn.
Chn p n A
Bnh lun:
+ Th nht: (*) ,ti sao mnh c th bin lun t tin n nh vy vi mt phng trnh
3 n? Hn cc bn rt thc mc ? Nhng ! Mi chuyn u c l do ca n, v s mt xch
ca cc peptit trong bi thc ra n c mt im yu ln l u NGUYN. V th
trong qu trnh bin lun ta d dng suy lun chng d dng !
gip tm nhanh cc nghim(nguyn) trong mt Phng trnh nhiu n s (c iu kin),
chng ta c th nhm bng tay, hoc cch xn hn l dng TABLE (trn my tnh cm
tay).
+ Th hai: (**); ti sao mnh li Bt c iu kin ca a, b v c ?
Nu nhn qua rt kh hiu, nhng nhn k s bit l iu kin cht cho s CH2.
V trong s aminoaxit mt xch th Val c nhiu Cacbon nht : Val = Gly + 3CH2
Nn : X l ipeptit th s CH2 ti a l 2*3 = 6 . Tng t vi Y v Z.
+ Th 3: cn c cch gii ngn hn na cc bn t suy ngh
Vy ! Vi bi tp trn cc bn hy nm bt cc k nng thit yu cn c x l mt dng
bi Hay v Kh trong peptit nh !

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 16

Cu 19: X, Y (MX < MY) l hai peptit, mch h c to bi glyxin, alanin, valin; Z l mt
este no, a chc, mch h. un nng hon ton hn hp H gm X, Y, Z trong 1 lt dung dch
NaOH 0,5M (va ), thu c 7,36g mt ancol A v dung dch B cha 4 mui. C cn dung
dch B thu c 50,14g mui khan. t chy ht cng lng H trn cn va 1,975 mol O2.
Bit trong H c mN : mO = 119 :304 ; X,Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon v X, Y c tng
s mol l 0,1 mol. % khi lng mui c phn t khi nh nht trong B l
A. 46,43%

B. 23,21%

C. 39,85%

D. 30,63%

( thi th cng ng ha hc Bookgol/ ln 4/2016)

Hng dn

C nx H 2nx 2n N n O n 1 : 0,1 mol n H2O 0,1 mol

H:
C nx H 2nx 22z O2z : b mol
0,1n bz 0,5
n 3, 4

14.0,1n/ 16(0,1n 0,1 2 bz) 119 / 304 bz 0,16

n O 0,76;n N 0,34
BTKL : m H m NaOH m mui mancol m H 2O m H 39,3 gam
CO2 : x mol BTKL : 39,3 1,975.32 44x 18y 0,34.14

H 2 O : y mol BT.O : 0,76 1,975.2 2x y

n CO2 1,62; n H2O 1, 47
t peptit : n CO2 - n H2O = (0, 5.n - 1).n peptit (n l s mt xch)

t este no : nCO2 - n H2O = (z - 1).n este ( z l s li n kt = s nhm chc )

bz 0,16

1,62 1, 47 0,1(0,5.3, 4 1) (z 1). b b 0,08

z 2;este 2 chc
Ancol 2 chc: M R(OH)2 7,36 / 0,08 92 R 58 (loi)

Ancol n chc; axit 2 chc mui c M min khng th l mui ca axit.

1,62
nx = C X = C Y = C Z =
= 9.
0,1 0,08
s ch peptit ln nht: n max 9 / 2 4,5 Cc peptit c mt xch 4
Khng tn ti 2-peptit tha
2.2 +1.5 G 2 V (M=203)
3-peptit: 9=
3.3 A3( M = 203)
4-peptit: 9 = 3.2 +1.3 GGGA ( M = 260)
X : G 2V
n
4 3, 4 0,06
To 4 mui (loi A 3 )
ng cho: X

Y:
G
A
n
3,
4

3
0,04

3
Y
0,24.(75 22).100%
BT .G : n GNa 0,04.3 0,06.2 0,24; %GNa
46, 43%
50,14

Chn p n B
|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 17

Bnh lun:
on bin lun c th lm nh sau:
*) C x C Y C Z

n CO2
0,1 b

n CO2
0,1

0,16
z

khi z = 2 l s C = 9.

*) Vi Hp cht hu c cha C, H, O, N ( N khng to chc mui amoni hoc nitrat) vi k l

s lin kt .
C x H yOz N t : a mol; k
(k 1)a ax

2x 2 y t
y
t
x 1
2
2
2

ay at
(k -1)a = nCO2 - n H2O + n N2
2 2

Biu thc ny gip ta tm ra s mol hn hp t tm s mol ca axit (ka chnh bng s mol
ca NaOH, iu ny ch ng vi axit no, v k u nm nhm COO).
Cu 20: Hn hp R gm 3 peptit mch h A,B, X ; u c cu to t Glyxin, Alanin v
valin trong s mt xch glyxin trong 3 peptit bng nhau; t l s mol A:B:X=1:1:2; tng s
nguyn t oxi trong 3 peptit l 24; tng s nguyn t C trong 3 peptit gp 3,75 ln s nguyn
t C trong X; s C trong B nhiu hn A mt nguyn t. t 28,405 gam hn hp R cn
35,5992 lt O2 (ktc) thu c 1 lng CO2gp 2,5 ln lng CO2thu c bng cch rt t
t dung dch hn hp cha 0,24mol Na2CO3v 0,56 mol NaHCO3vo dung dch cha
0,6422 mol HCl. Phn trm khi lng B trong hn hp R l
A. 25,36%

B. 27,16%

C. 29,38%

D. 30,08%

(Cng ng ha hc bookgol/ thi th ln 5/ 2016)

Hng dn

+ Tm mol CO2

2H CO32 H 2 O CO2
CO32 (p /) : a mol
2a

a
a
t :

HCO3 (p /) : b mol H HCO3 H 2 O CO2

b

n HCl 2a b 0,6422
a 0,1482

n CO2 a b 0, 494
a 0,24

b 0,3458

b 0,56

n CO2 (tao ra khi dot peptit) = 0,494.2,5=1,235

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 18

+ Tm peptit:
n O2 1,5.(n CO2 n N2 ) n N2 0,1755 BTKL : n H2O 1,1115
n CO2 n H2O n N2 n pep n pep 0,052;O pep 7,75
O A OB O X 24

O X 7;X l 6-peptit
0,25O A 0,25OB 0,5O X 7,75
0,25C A 0,25C B 0,5C X 23,75 C A 27

C A C B C X 3,75C X
C B 28
C C 1
C 20
A
B
X
2a 3b 5c 20
Table
Z : Ga A b Vc
3a 2b 10 a 2
a b c 6
Z : G 2 A 2V2
Table

B : G 2 A p Vq 2.2 3p 5q 28 p q 3 %B 29,38%

Chn p n B
Cu 21: X l mt este hai chc, phn t cha 6 lin kt ; Y, Z (MY < MZ) l hai peptit c
to bi glyxin v alanin; X,Y, Z u mch h. un nng 49,4 g hn hp H gm X, Y, Z vi
dung dch NaOH (va ), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp mui khan T v
22,8 g hn hp hi Z cha hai cht hu c. t chy hon ton T cn ng 1,08 mol O2, thu
c 29,68 gam Na2CO3 v hiu s mol gia CO2 v H2O l 0,32 mol. Bit s mol X bng 10
ln tng s mol ca Y v Z; Y v Z hn km nhau hai nguyn t nit; Y v Z c s nguyn t
cacbon bng nhau. Tng s nguyn t c trong X v Z l
A.108

B. 111

C. 93

D. 96

(Cng ng ha hc bookgol/ thi th ln 6/ 2016)(Bi gii ca Nguyn Vn Ph Qu)

Hng dn
+ Bi cho

X :10a mol
H Y
a mol
Z

NaOH mui 2 hu c H 2O (1)

0,56 mol

22,8

a mol

49,4 g

+ t mui T (Tm khi lng ca mui bo ton khi lng cho (1) v tm a mol )

C x H 2x NO2 Na : 0,56 10.2a

T
O2 Na 2 CO3 CO2 H2 O
N
R(COONa)
:10a
0,56

10.2a

2
1,08
0,28
BT.O : n O (T) 2.n Na (T) 2. n Na 1,12 mol
CO : x x y 0,32
x 0,92
2

H2 O : y BT.O :1,12 1,08.2 0,28.3 2x y y 0,6

BTKL : m T 29,68 + 0,92.44 + 0,6.18 +(0,56-10.2a).14 1,08.32

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 19

+ Tm a:
SOLVE

H + 0,56.40 = m T 22,8 + 18a

a 0, 02

+ Tm C mui axit v cng thc ca X.

BT.C : n C 0,16.x 0,2.C mui axit
C x H2x NO2 Na : 0,16
T
1,2 0,16x 0,2.C mui axit
C mui axit 4
R(COONa)2 : 0,2
2 x 3

3,6 C mui axit 4, 4

+ Tm peptit:
S mt xch trung bnh ca Y v Z: n YZ

MX

Y7 Cng C
Y7 GA 6 : 0, 01
0,16
8;

Z9
Z9 G 7 A 2 : 0,01
0, 02

49, 4 0, 01.(501 559)

194 X : C x H yO 4
0, 2

12x y 64 194
x 10

X : C10 H10O 4
2x 2 y
y

10

Chn p n D
Bnh lun:
Cn ch cng C th v sao Y l GA6 m Z l GA7, gii thch lun nh:
C trong peptit v C trong mui l bo ton. Nh vy nu tm c s mol C trong mui; s
tm c s mol C trong peptit. T s mol C trong peptit chia tng s mol ca 2 peptit s ra
s C ca 2 peptit (V 2 peptit cng s C).
n C a.a n C pep 1, 2 0, 2.4 0, 4 C pep

0, 4
20 CX = C Y
0, 02

SOLVE

X G a A 7a 2a (7 a).3 20
a 1 X GA 6
SOLVE

X G b A9b 2b (9 b).3 20
b 7 X G7 A 2

Cu 22: X, Y (MX < MY) l hai peptit, mch h u c to bi glyxin, alanin v valin, Z
l mt este a chc, mch h, khng no cha mt lin kt C=C. un nng hon ton 20,78
gam hn hp E gm X, Y, Z trong dung dch NaOH (va ), thu c 1,36 gam hn hp
ancol F. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28,52 g mui khan T. t chy hon ton
T thu c 13,25 g Na2CO3. Mt khc, t chy ht 20,78 g hn hp E cn va 1,14 mol
O2. Bit X, Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon. Phn trm v khi lng ca ancol c phn t
khi ln nht trong F gn nht vi gi tr no sau y ?
A. 46%.

B. 40%.

C. 52%.

D. 43%.

(Cng ng ha hc bookgol/ thi th ln 7/ 2016)

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 20

Hng dn
n NaOH 2.n Na 2CO3 (T) 0,25 mol
20,78 0,25.40 1,36 28,52
0,05 mol
18
E + O2 CO2 H 2O N 2

BTKL : n peptit n H2O

20,78

1,14

BTKL : 20,78 1,14.32 44 x 18 y 28 z (1)

+ n CO2 - n H2O n N2 (k 1). n E
n NaOH

n este

n n COO n CONH n C C n NaOH n hh n pep

nE
nE
nE
n NaOH n hh n pep
xyz (
1) n E 0,2
nE
Trong : k =

n O (pep) n N n pep 2z 0,05; n O (este) 2.n COO 2(0,25 2z)

BT.O : (0,55 2z) 1,14.2 2x y (3)
x 0,9; y = 0,81, z = 0,11
+ Bin lun tm cng thc ca peptit:
n
S mt xch trung bnh n = N 4, 4 n X 4, 4 v n Y 4, 4
n pep

X c th i, tri, tetra peptit; Y t peptapeptit tr i

+ Xt X:
.Cc peptit u cha G, A, V nn "bt nht" phi c tri-peptit ( v i-peptit khng th cha 3
mt xch G, A, V c).
.Do CX = CY nn X khng th l tri ( C tri X max = 10, C tri Y min = 14)
.Vy X ch c th l 4-peptit trong s 3 trong 4-peptit di y:
GAVG (C = 12) , GAVA (C = 13) , GAVV (C = 15)
+ Xt Y:
. Nu Y l peptapeptit: GAVGG (C =14); GAVGA (C=15); GAVGA (C=17)
Thy ngay Y ch c th l penta-peptit v c cng thc l GAVGA (C=15) v d nhin X
phi c cng thc l GAVV (C = 15).
n CO2 0,9
n
0, 25 0,11.2
nE

0, 06 n Z 0, 06 0, 05 0, 01; NaOH
3
C
15
nZ
0, 01
1,36
n ancol 0, 03 M
A 32, B 46, C 58
0, 03
Z l este 3 chc
58.0, 01
%C3H 7OH
.100% 42, 65%
1,36
Chn p n B
Bnh lun:
Ch v tm cng thc ca ancol m phi i bin lun peptit nh trn th "tru b" qu, ta hy
th cch ca B t xem sao:
0,9
S C =
Vi z l s nhm chc ca este, ( 0,03 l s mol NaOH phn ng vi
0, 03
(0, 05
)
z
este hon ton tnh c nh!). Dng chc nng table chy z = 3 c C = 15 nhn.

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 21

Cu 23: X, Y l hai este hai chc; Y cha vng benzen; X, Y u c to bi hai axit no
thuc cng dy ng ng lin tip, Z l mt peptit c to bi alanin v valin; X, Z mch
h. un nng ht hn hp H gm X (9x mol), Y (3x mol), Z (x mol) bng dung dch NaOH
(va ), thu c dung dch A v 32,4g ch mt ancol T. C cn dung dch A c 137,24g
mui khan (cc mui khng cha nhm chc ancol v mui c phn t khi ln nht chim
13,4655% v khi lng). t chy ht lng mui khan trn cn ng 4,71 mol O2, thu
c 148,72g CO2 v 56,88g H2O. Trong H c m N : mO 7 : 64 . Hiu khi lng gia X v
Z l
A. 34,76g
B. 43,72g
C. 44,84g
D. 39,80g
(Cng ng ha hc bookgol/ thi th ln 8/ 2016)
( Li gii ca thy Nguyn Hong V)
Hng dn
t n Na 2 CO3 a mol ; n N 2 b mol
Da vo bi ton ta t c CT ca X, Y:

X : R1COOROCOR 2 : 9x mol
Y : R1COOC6 H x (R x )OCOR 2 : 3x mol

R1COONa :12x mol

R 2COONa :12x mol

Mui C6 H x (R x )(ONa) 2 : 3x mol O 2 Na 2CO3 CO 2 H 2O N 2

4,71 mol
3,38 mol 3,16 mol b mol
a mol
C3H 6 NO2 Na
2b mol
C5H10 NO2 Na
137,24g

BTKL :106a 28b 82,36

a 0, 74 mol

C h: BTNT O : 54x 4b 3a 0,5 b 0,14 mol

2b 14
7
x 0, 04 mol

16 (49x 2b) 64

n X 0,36 mol
n Y 0,12 mol
n Z 0, 04 mol

mC H (R )(ONa) 18, 48g MC H (R )(ONa) 154 C6H4 (ONa)2

6
x
x
2
6
x
x
2
137, 24 18, 48
M muoi con lai
95, 77
1, 24
TH1 hai mui cacboxylic l HCOONa v CH3COONa
n AlaNa n ValNa 0, 28
n AlaNa 0, 28

C h:
(loi)
111AlaNa 139ValNa 46, 76 n ValNa 0,56
TH2 hai mui cacboxylic l CH3COONa v C2H5COONa
n AlaNa n ValNa 0, 28
n AlaNa 0, 2 mol

C h:
111AlaNa 139ValNa 33,32 n ValNa 0, 08 mol
0, 28
NZ
7 Z l (Ala)5(Val)2
0, 04
32, 4
M ancol
90 C4 H8 (OH) 2 CTPT ca X l C9H16O4
0,36
mX m Z 44,84g
Chn p n C

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 22

Cu 24: Thy phn 101,03 gam hn hp A gm pentapeptit X v tripeptit Y thu c hn

hp B gm: x mol Gly-Ala-Val-Gly, y mol Val-Ala v z mol Gly. Hn hp B phn ng va
vi dung dch NaOH sau phn ng thu c 0,62 mol H2O. Phn trm theo khi lng
ca Val-Ala trong B gn nht l
A. 21,8%.

B. 38,8%.

C. 15,8%.

D. 16,8%.

(Cng ng ha hc bookgol/ thi th ln 9/ 2016)

Hng dn
D thy: X5 l GAVGG v Y3 l VAG ( G c th "nm" u hoc cui)
(57.3 71 99 18)x (57 71 99 18) y 101, 03
X5 : x mol

x y z
Y3 : y mol
x y z 0, 62

x 0, 22; y 0, 09; z 0,31

(99 71 18).0, 09.100%

15,88%
101, 03 0,31.18
Chn p n C
%V A

Cu 25: Cho hn hp gm Na, K, Ba, Na2O tc dng ht H2O, sau phn ng thu c 0,19
mol H2 v dung dch X. Hn hp H gm hai peptit mch h, c to bi alanin v glyxin l
Z: CxHyNzO8 v T: CnHmNtO5. t chy ht 31,33g hn hp H cn ng 1,245 mol O2, sau
phn ng thu c tng s mol H2O v N2 l 1,175 mol. Mt khc, 31,33g H tc dng va
vi dung dch X. Tng khi lng ca T v Na2O c gi tr l
A. 23,14 gam
B. 20,22 gam
C. 21,52 gam
D.17,25 gam
(Cng ng ha hc bookgol/ thi th ln 10/ 2016)
(Li gii ca thy Nguyn Hong V)
Hng dn
Nhn xt: Z l heptapeptit; T l tetrapeptit. Trong hn hp gm Na, K, Ba, Na2O th c
bit Na2O li c thm oxi, m bi li hi khi lng Na2O dng phng php bo ton
nguyn t oxi tm s mol Na2O. Trong phn ng thy phn peptit trong mi trng kim th
tc nhn chnh l ion OH , ngha l khng quan trng n cation n N n OH .
T : C n H m N t O5
H 2O
O2 :1, 245 mol CO 2 1,175 mol
Z : C x H y N z O8
N2

BTKL : 31,33 1, 245 32 44n

n CO 1, 08 mol
CO 2 18n H 2 O 28n N 2
2

n H 2 O 0,925 mol
C h: n H 2 O n N 2 1,175

n O 2 1,5 (n CO 2 n N 2 )
n N 2 0, 25 mol
1,245
n OH 2n N 2 0,5 mol ; n O2 1,5(n H 2 O n peptit ) n peptit 0, 095 mol

n T n Z 0, 095 n T 0, 055 mol

C h:
4n T 7n Z 0,5 n Z 0, 04 mol
BTNT C : 2n Gly 3n Ala 1, 08 n Gly 0, 42 mol

Li c:
n Ala 0, 08 mol
n Gly n Ala 0,5
T (I), (II) Z: (Ala)2 (Gly)5 ; T: (Gly)4

(I)
(II)

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 23

Na, K, Ba, Na 2O H 2O

H 2 : 0,19 mol
OH : 0,5 mol

BTNT H : n H 2 O 0, 44 mol
BTNT O : n Na 2 O 0, 06 mol

mT m Na 2 O 0, 055 246 0, 06 62 17, 25g

Chn p n D

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 24

Phn 3. Cc cu peptit trong thi kho st ca BOOKGOL nm 2016.

V tnh cho n thi im hin ti (07/06/16) BOOKGOL ch mi thi kho st 3 ln.
Cu 26: Hn hp E cha peptit X (CxHyO5N4) v cht hu c Y (C8H16O4N2). un nng
40,28 gam E cn dng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, chng ct dung dch sau phn ng thu
c x gam mt ancol Z duy nht v hn hp cha 2 mui ca 2 -aminoaxit; trong c a
gam mui A v b gam mui B (MA< MB). Dn ton b x gam Z qua bnh ng Na d, thy
thot ra 2,016 lt kh H2 (ktc); ng thi khi lng bnh tng 6,66 gam. T l a : b gn nht
l.
A. 0,8

B. 0,6

C. 0,9

D. 0,7

( thi th cng ng ha hc Bookgol/ KS ln 1/2016)

Hng dn
Tm T:
0,18 BTKL
6,66 0,09.2
M T
38n
n
0,18 / n
(n l s chc -OH) n = 2 ; M T = 76; C 3H6 (OH)2 : 0,09 mol
n H2 0,09 mol n T

Tm a.a
Y:

H 2 NCH 2 COO
H 2 N(CH3 )CH 2COO

NaOH

C 3H6

X c dng: Ga A b : BT.Na:n X

GlyNa : 0,09
AlaNa : 0,09

C 3H6 (OH)2

0,5 0,09.2
0,08;
4

40,28 0,09.204
Table
274 57a 71b 18 a b 2
0,08
a m
57 40 97
n G n A = GNa =
=
=0,873
b m ANa 71 40 111
MX

Chn p n C
Bnh lun:
*) Khi bit c khi lng mol ca peptit th M = aA + bB + cC +18 ( trnh by
phn gc axyl) trong A; B; C l khi lng mol cc gc Axyl; a; b; c l s gc axyl tng
ng cng l s mt xch tng ng ca A, B, C. Sau c th nhm tm nghim nguyn hoc
dng Table.
*) Khi bin lun ancol ta "chy" n tm gc khi tm c R gc ta xp x s C ca gc bng
cch ly R/14 ( khng phi R/12). V d nu ly R/12 vi trng hp R=C6H12- th s C=7
s H = 0 s khng ng.

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 25

Cu 27: X, Y, Z l ba peptit u mch h, c tng s lin kt peptit l 8. t chy hon ton

x mol X hoc y mol Y cng nh z mol Z vi lng oxi d, u thu c 0,64 mol CO2. un
nng 55,12 gam hn hp E cha X (x mol), Y (y mol) v Z (z mol) cn dng dung dch
NaOH, thu c dung dch cha hai mui ca glyxin v alanin; trong khi lng mui
ca glyxin l 46,56 gam. Bit rng y > z v 3x = 4(y + z). Phn trm khi lng ca Z c
trong hn hp E l.
A. 26,4%
B. 32,3%
C. 28,6%
D. 30,19%
( KSCL BookGol ln 1/2016)
Hng dn
BT.C : GlyNa : 0, 48; AlaNa: 0,32; BT.Na: n NaOH 0,8 mol.
BTKL : 55,12 0,8.40 46,56 0,32.(89 22) 18. n E n E 0,28
Mt xch trung bnh: n

XYZ

0,8 / 0,28 2,8 X l ipeptit.

3x 4(y z)
x 0,16

x (y z) 0,28 (y z) 0,12
Mt xch trung bnh: n

YZ

Y
y z
(0,8 0,16.2) / 0,12 4
2
Y3

Y3 2 3 n Z 8 3 n Z 6

n Y 6 4 2 0,08

n Z 4 3 1 0,04

Z6 Glyc Ala 6 c : 0,04 mol BT.C: 0,04.[2c+3(6-c)] = 0,64 c = 2.

0,04.416
.100% 30,19%
55,12
n
7 4 3 0,072
Y2 2 2 n Z 8 3 n Z 7 Y

n Z 4 2 2 0,048
Z : Gly 2 Ala 4 : 0,04 %Z

Gi s Z l G 7 CO2 (Z sinh ra) min =7.2.0,048=0,672 > 0,64 (loi).

Chn p n D.
Cu 28: X, Y, Z l ba peptit mch h u c cu to t glyxin v alanin. t chy hon
ton x mol X hoc y mol Y cng nh z mol Z u thu c s mol CO2 nhiu hn s mol ca
H2O l 0,08 mol. Mt khc, un nng 68,24 gam hn hp E cha X (x mol), Y (y mol) v Z
(z mol) vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c dung dch c cha 73,72 gam mui ca
glyxin. Bit x > y > z, phn trm khi lng ca Z c trong hn hp E l
A. 21,92%.
B. 18,58%.
C. 25,26%.
D. 22,74%.
( thi KSCL Bookgol ln 2/2016)
Hng dn
NaOH : x 68,24 40x 73,72 (x 0,76).111 y.18 1,04

Pep : y
3.0,08 0,5x y (2)
0,28
1,04
0,08
n XYZ
3,71 c 3-peptit:
= 0,16
0,28
(0,5.3 1)
1,04 0,16.3
0,08
n YZ
4,666 c 4-peptit:
= 0,08
0,28 0,16
(0,5.4 1)
cn : 0,04.n Z 0,08.4 0,16.3 1,04 n Z 6; Gly : 0,76; Ala : 0,28

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 26

X Ga A3a : 0,16 mol

C X (0,76.2 0,28.3 0,08.4.2 0,04.6.2) / 0,16

Y G b A 4b : 0,08 mol
C X 7,75 X phi l G 2 A
Z G A
c 6c : 0,04 mol

Table
1 b 3

Cn 0,08b + 0,04c = 0,76 - 0,16.2

b 3;c 5
Z G 5A : 0,04 %m Z = 21,92%

Chn p n A.
Bnh lun:
+ Vic thit lp phng trnh (2) v tm peptit s dng cng thc gii nhanh
n CO n H O (0,5.n 1)n peptit n N n peptit .
2

+ C th thy ngay:

nA
1 m cc peptit u cha c A v G nn cc peptit phi
n pep

c 1A v bt buc Z phi l G5A.

Cu 29: X, Y (MX< MY) l hai peptit mch h v hn km nhau mt lin kt peptit c to
bi -amino axit c 1 nhm -NH2 v 1 nhm -COOH ; Z l hp cht hu c mch h c
cng thc C4H12O4N2. un nng 37,86 gam hn hp E cha X, Y, Z cn dng 440 ml dung
dch NaOH 1,25M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn gm 2 mui v hn
hp gm 2 kh u c kh nng lm qu tm m ha xanh. t chy ton b hn hp mui
cn dng 0,8625 mol O2, thu c Na2CO3; N2; CO2 v 11,7 gam nc. Phntrm khi
lng ca X c trong hn hp El
A.19,0%.

B.19,7%.

C. 23,5%.

D. 16,00%.

( thi KSCL BookGol ln 3/2016)

Hng dn
Z : CH3NH3OOC CH 2 COONH 4 hoc C 2 H 5NH3OOC COONH 4
n O (mui) 2.n Na ;BT.O tm c mol CO2 nh s di.
C x H 2x NO2 Na : a
O2 Na 2 CO3 CO2 H 2 O N 2

NaOOC CH 2 COONa : b 0,8625

0,275
0,675 0,65
(0,675 0,275) 0,65
b
0,15 BT.Na : a 0,25;
2
BT.C : 0,25x 0,15.3 0,275 0,675 x 2 (Gly);N : 0,25
BTKL m XY 15,06 57.0,25 18.n pept n pept 0,045
n
m.xch trung bnh: N 5,55 X G 5 0,02 %X 16%
n pept

Chn p n D.

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 27

 c th hiu thm v cc phng php gii v lm nhiu thm bi tp v peptit cc bn

c thm tham kho thm ti liu ny do mnh v bn L Hu Nht Trng son dnh
ring cho chuyn ny.

http://khangvietbook.com.vn/phan-tich-huong-giai-toi-uu-chinh-phuc-bai-tap-hoa-hocchuyen-de-peptit-p-18950.html
Vit xong: 10:06 PM 07/06/2016. Chc cc em c 1 ma thi t kt qu cao!

|Nguyn Cng Kit |Gii ton peptit 2016 28