M G 6851 P O M

C y c le T e s t 2 - A n s w e r K e y

P a rt A :
1)

2)

L is t a n y 4 q u a n tita tiv e fo r e c a s tin g te c h n i q u e s .

-

J u r y o f e x e c u tiv e o p in i o n .

D e lp h i m e th o d .

S im p le m o v in g a v e r a g e .

W e ig h te d m o v in g a v e r a g e .

W h a t d o y o u m e a n b y a s tra t e g y ?
A s tr a te g y m a y a ls o b e d e fin e d a s a s p e c ia l ty p e o f p la n p r e p a r e d fo r m e e t in g
th e c h a lle n g e s p o s te d b y th e a c tiv iti e s o f c o m p e tit o r s a n d o th e r e n v ir o n m e n t a l fo r c e s .

3)

D e fin e p l a n n in g p r e m i s e s .
P la n n in g

p r e m is e s

a re

a s s u m p tio n s

th a t s h o u ld

be

m a de

a b o u t th e

v a rio u s

e le m e n ts o f th e e n v ir o n m e n t. It p r o v id e s t h e b a s ic f r a m e w o r k i n w h ic h p la n s o p e r a te .
T h e s e p r e m i s e s m a y b e in te r n a l o r e x t e r n a l. In t e r n a l p r e m is e s in c l u d e o r g a n is a tio n a l
p o lic ie s , r e s o u r c e s o f v a r io u s ty p e s , s a le s f o r e c a s ts a n d th e a b ility o f th e o r g a n is a t io n
to w ith s ta n d th e e n v ir o n m e n ta l p r e s s u r e . E x te r n a l p r e m is e s in c lu d e th e to ta l fa c t o r s
in a ta s k e n v ir o n m e n t, s u c h a s p o liti c a l, s o c i a l, te c h n o lo g i c a l, c o m p e tito r s , p la n s a n d
a c tio n s , a n d g o v e r n m e n t p o lic ie s , e t c ...
4)

W h a t is e x p e c t e d v a lu e o f p e r fe c t i n fo r m a tio n ?
E x p e c te d
e x p e c te d

v a lu e

v a lu e
w it h

of

th e

p e rfe c t

in fo r m a tio n

e x i s tin g

in f o r m a ti o n

is

c a lc u la te d

fro m

e x p e c te d

by

s u b tr a c tin g

v a lu e

w ith

th e

p e rfe c t

in fo r m a tio n .
5)

E x p la in t h e te r m

d e c i s io n a n d d e c i s io n - m a k in g .

A d e c is io n m a y b e a d ir e c tio n to t h e o th e r to d o o r n o t to d o . D e c is i o n - M a k in g
is

d e fin e d

as

th e

p ro c e s s

of

c h o o s in g

course

of

a c tio n

fr o m

am ong

o th e r

a lte r n a tiv e s to a c h ie v e a d e s ir e d g o a l. It is o n e o f th e fu n c t io n s o f m a n a g e m e n t a n d
a ls o

c o re

p ro c e s s

o f p la n n in g . T h e

m a n a g e m e n t e x e c u tiv e

ta k e s

n um ber

of

d e c is io n s e v e r y d a y . T h u s , a d e c is i o n m a y b e r a ti o n a l o r ir r a tio n a l. T h e r e a r e n u m b e r
o f a lte r n a tiv e s

a v a ila b l e

to

th e

m a n a g e m e n t. T h e

bes t one

is

s e le c te d

a m ong

th e

a v a ila b le a lte r n a tiv e s .

6)

W h a t d o y o u u n d e r s ta n d b y e ffe c ti v e o r g a n is in g ?
E ffe c tiv e
a v o id in g

such

o r g a n iz in g

fo c u s e s

m is t a k e s

by

on

fin d in g

p ro p e r

m i s ta k e s

p la n n in g .

in

p r e s e n t o r g a n iz i n g

E ffe c tiv e

o r g a n iz in g

and

a v o id s

o r g a n iz a ti o n a l in fle x ib ili ty a n d m a k e s th e s t a ff w o r k e ffe c tiv e ly b y a v o i d in g c o n flic ts b y

c la r ific a tio n .
7)

D e fin e th e te r m
The

s c a la r c h a in .

c h a in

of

s u p e r io r s

ra n g in g

fro m

to p

m ana gem ent

to

th e

b o tt o m

m a n a g e m e n t is c a lle d a s c a la r c h a in .
8)

W h a t is m e a n t b y d e le g a tio n o f a u t h o r ity ?
D e le g a tio n o f a u t h o r ity is a p r o c e s s w h ic h e n a b le s a p e r s o n to a s s ig n w o r k s
to o th e r s a n d d e le g a te th e m

9)

w ith a d e q u a te a u th o r ity to d o it.

W h a t a r e th e s t e p s in v o lv e d in m a n p o w e r p la n n in g ?
o

F o re c a s ti n g m a n p o w e r n e e d s .

P r e p a r in g m a n p o w e r i n v e n to r y .

Id e n tify in g m a n p o w e r g a p s .

M a n p o w e r P ro g ra m m e .

1 0 ) W h a t is g r o u p i n te r v ie w ?
A ll th e c a n d id a t e s m a y b e to g e th e r i n a r o o m a n d th e y m a y b e i n te r v ie w e d .

P a rt-B :
11)

E x p la in w h a t a r e s te p s in v o lv e d in s tr a te g ic P l a n n in g ?
T h e s tr a t e g ic p la n n in g p r o c e s s c o n s i s ts o f f o llo w in g s te p s :
1)

M is s io n o b je c ti v e s : S tr a te g ic p l a n n in g s ta r ts a t d e te r m i n a tio n o f o r g a n i s a tio n o b je c tiv e s . It

is th e e n d r e s u lt w h i c h th e o r g a n i s a tio n tr ie s t o a c h i e v e . A c o m p le te p r o c e s s
is g iv e n in th e fi g :

2)

E n v ir o n m e n ta l a n a ly s is : O r g a n is a t io n

m u st kno w

w hat

k in d

fa c to r s a n d th e s tr a te g ie s to c o u n te r th e m

o f e n v ir o n m e n t it w o r k s . L is t o f
a r e to b e fo r m u la te d i n th is s ta g e .

It d e a ls o n e x te r n a l fa c t o r s .
3)

C o r p o r a t e a n a l y s is : C o n c e rn e d
te s ts

o f th e

w ith

th e

o r g a n is a t io n

in te r n a l fa c to r s

a re

done

and

th e

o f th e
p la n s

o r g a n is a tio n . T h e
a re

fo r m u la t e d

to

S W O T
d e v e lo p

th e m o n t h e b a s i s o f th e te s t r e s u lts .
4)

Id e n tific a tio n o f a lte r n a tiv e s : S tr a te g ic a lte r n a tiv e to b e d e v e lo p e d o n th e b a s is o f b o th th e in te r n a l

and

th e

e x te rn a l

e n v ir o n m e n t.

Th e

a lte r n a tiv e s

o b je c tiv e s

a re

b ased

on

o r g a n is a ti o n a l m is s io n a n d o b je c tiv e s .
5)

S tr a te g ic D e c is io n M a k in g :
T h is

s ta g e

h as

to

d e c id e

th e

a c c e p ta b l e

a lte r n a tiv e

am ong

s e v e ra l

a lte r n a tiv e s . It c h a n g e s b a s e d o n p e r s o n a l lik in g a n d d is l ik in g .

6)

Im p le m e n ta tio n , R e v i e w a n d c o n tr o l: O n c e th e s tr a t e g y h a s b e e n c h o s e n it is p u t i n to a c tio n b y tr a n s la tin g it

in to ta c tic a l a n d o p e r a ti o n a l p l a n s .

12)

E x p la in t h e c o n c e p t o f fu n c t io n a l a u th o r i ty .
A c c o r d in g to K o o n t z a n d O D o n n e ll , F u n c tio n a l a u th o r ity is t h e r i g h t w h ic h a n
in d iv id u a l o r a d e p a r t m e n t h a s d e le g a t e d it o v e r to s p e c ia liz e d p r o c e s s e s , P r a c tis e s ,
p o lic ie s

or

o th e r

m a tte r s

d e p a rtm e n ts o th e r th a n

r e la tin g

to

a c tiv itie s

u n d e rta k e n

its o w n . It is g i v e n o r d e le g a te d to a

by

personnel

in

lo w e r m e m b e r o f th e

o r g a n is a ti o n b y h is s u p e r io r .
It a r is e s i n th r e e fa c to r s : o

A s u p e r io r d e le g a te s a u th o r it y .

S k ille d w o r k m a n s h o w s th e lin e m a n a g e r h o w th e in fo is u s e d .

O th e r d e p t. p e r s o n n e l m a y b e g iv e n th e a b ility to a u th o r i s e h o w
h a s to b e d o n e .

It m a y b e g iv e n a s in th e fig :

w o rk

A d v a n ta g e s :o

P e r fo r m i n a m o r e r e s p o n s ib le w a y .

S p e c ia lis t s to g iv e a d v i c e .

It re d u c e s b o re d o m .

R e d u c e w a s te a n d a c c i d e n ts .

R e d u c e s p re s s u re .

L im ita tio n s : -

13)

C o o r d in a t io n is d iffic u lt.

V io la te s t h e p r in c ip le o f u n ity o f c o m m a n d .

M a in ta in i n g d is c i p lin e i s d iffic u lt.

M a k e s in d u s tr ia l r e la tio n s h ip c o m p le x .

C o n fu s io n a b o u t a u th o r ity a m o n g w o r k e r s .

E x p la in t h e c o n c e p t o f d e c e n tr a lis a tio n .
C e n tr a lis a tio n

and

d e c e n tr a lis a tio n

re fe rs

to

th e

lo c a li s a tio n

of

d e c is io n

m a k in g in a n o r g a n is a tio n c e n t r a lis a ti o n m e a n s th a t th e a u t h o r ity fo r m o s t d e c is io n s

is

c o n c e n tra te d

r e q u ir e s

suc h

a t th e

to p

of

th e

a u th o r ity

to

be

d is p e r s e d

m a n a g e r ia l h ie r a r c h y
by

e x t e n s io n

w h e re a s
an d

d e c e n tr a li s a tio n

d e le g a ti o n

th ro u g h

a ll

le v e ls o f m a n a g e m e n t.
T h e y a r e e x a c t o p p o s it e b u t b o th r e l a te d to e a c h o th e r in fe a tu r e s .
A d v a n ta g e s o f D e c e n t r a lis a t io n : o

R e d u c e s b u rd e n o n th e to p m a n a g e m e n t.

E n c o u r a g e s d e c is io n m a k in g .

It fa c ilita t e s g r o w th a n d d iv e r s i fic a tio n .

It e n a b le s fa s te r w o r k c o m p le t io n .

It e n c o u r a g e s th e w o r k e r s to t a k e u p m o r e r e s p o n s ib ility .

F a c ilita te s s e ttin g u p o f p r o fit c e n tr e s .

D is a d v a n ta g e s o f D e c e n tr a li s a tio n : o

It is d iffic u lt to h a v e a u n ifo r m

In c r e a s e s c o m p l e x ity in s tr u c t u r e .

P o s s ib ility o f d u p lic a tio n o f w o r k .

In c r e a s e s c o s t o f o p e r a tio n .

R e q u ir e s

h ig h

d e g re e

p o lic y a n d p r o c e d u r e .

o f s e lf - m o tiv a ti o n

and

s e lf - c o n tr o l b e c a u s e

a u to n o m y g iv e n .
o

L im ite d to e x te r n a l fa c t o r s lik e la b o u r u n io n s , e tc

of

14)

D is c u s v a r io u s ty p e s s e le c t io n In t e r v ie w s .
In te r v ie w

is t h e m o s t w i d e ly u s e d te c h n i q u e o f e m p lo y e e s e le c tio n . E m p l o y m e n t

in te r v ie w s c a n b e d iv id e d in to th r e e c a te g o r ie s .
1)
2)
3)

1)

P r e lim in a r y in te r v ie w .
C o r e in te r v ie w .
D e c is io n m a k in g In te r v i e w .

P r e lim in a r y In te r v ie w :
E x c h a n g e o f b a s ic in fo r m a tio n b e tw e e n c a n d id a te a n d p e r s o n n e l m a n a g e r .
T h e r e a r e tw o ty p e s o f i n te r v ie w in th is k in d a s : -

2)

In fo r m a l i n te r v ie w .

U n s tr u c tu r e d in t e r v ie w .

C o r e In te r v ie w :
It a n a ly s is in a n i n - d e p t h r e v ie w o f th e c a n d id a te . T h is in v o lv e s :-

3)

B a c k g r o u n d in fo r m a tio n In te r v ie w .

F o r m a l a n d s tr u c tu r e d i n te r v ie w .

S tr e s s In t e r v ie w .

G r o u p In t e r v ie w .

P a n e l In t e r v ie w .

D e p th In t e r v ie w .

D e c is io n m a k in g In te r v ie w :
In th is in te r v ie w , t h e in te r v ie w e r e x a m i n e s th e in te r e s t o f th e c a n d i d a te in th e
jo b ,

C a re e r

p e rs o n n e l

p la n n in g ,

m anage r

a llo w a n c e s ,

p r o m o tio n a l

in te r v ie w s

b e n e fits ,

th e

p r o m o tio n s

o p p o r tu n iti e s ,
c a n d i d a te s
e tc .

Th e

w ork

a d ju s t m e n t

a c c e p ta n c e

in te r v i e w e r s

e tc .

re g a rd in g

jo i n tly

in fo r m

The

s a la r y ,
th e ir

d e c is io n o f th e c a n d i d a te s p e r fo r m a n c e to th e to p m a n a g e m e n t w h o fin a lly m a k e
th e d e c is i o n .