Professional Documents
Culture Documents
124
Thi Hong
125
126
Thi Hong
127
Thi Hong
128
Quay
cng
chiu,
tc
thp
Quay
cng
chiu,
tc
cao
Quay
ngc
chiu,
tc
thp
Quay
ngc
chiu,
tc
cao
Quay
ngc
chiu,
tip
xc
Nng sut
++
++
Trn - phn b
++
++
Trn - phn tn
++
Thot kh
++
Nng chy
++
129
Vn chuyn
++
T lm sch
++
Tc trc vt
++
++
B rng RTD
++
Tng p
++
Tch trc vt
Cng sut np
liu
++
++
130
Thi Hong
131
PA6,6:
-[-NH- CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - NHCO- CH2 - CH2 CH2 - CH2 CO-]J. Li v cng s ch to polyme blend PS/EPDM trn my
n mt trc vt xon c nhit 4 vng t phu np liu n u
n ln lt l 160, 180, 210 v 210oC vi tc ng ca bc x siu
m song song vi hng chy ca nha nng chy. Nh bc x siu
m, copolyme PS-EPDM to thnh (do s kt hp cc gc ln ca
PS v EPDM) tng kh nng tng hp mt phn ca polyme blend
PS/EPDM [19].
132
Thi Hong
133
134
Thi Hong
135
136
Thi Hong
137
138
Thi Hong
139
140
Thi Hong
S nguyn tc lm vic ca h thng my n trc vt xon p phun/c phun cht do, polyme hoc polyme blend c th
hin trn hnh III.11 [34-36]. Nha c nng chy nh tc ng x
ca trc vt v nhit cung cp cho xy lanh my n. Khi trc vt
xon ng thi l pit tng dng chuyn ng v pha sau v nha
nng chy c vn chuyn y ti bung phun, pit tng nhanh
chng chuyn ng v pha trc v phun nha nng chy qua u
phun vo khun to hnh sn phm.
141
142
Thi Hong
C. Wang v cng s ch to polyme blend PA6/EPDM-gMA bng phng php DPIM v phng php c phun truyn
thng. Nhit cc vng trn xy lanh my n 2 trc vt xon v
tc trc vt ln lt l 190-220-230-230-230-220oC v 120
vng/pht. Cc thng s cng ngh s dng trong phng php
DPIM c th hin bng III.2. Polyme blend PA6/EPDM-g-MA
143
Gi tr thng s
90
p sut ng gi (MPa)
o
50
240
Nhit khun ( C)
20
p sut ng gi ng hc (MPa)
35
Tn s ng gi ng hc (Hz)
0,3
144
Thi Hong
145
4
C=C
+
...- CH2
CH2 - CH2 -...
135 - 150 oC
S8
CH3
CH3
H - C - CH = CH - CH2 -...
CH2-...
C=C
CH2
CH2-...
...-C - C = CH
H CH3
Thi Hong
146
2 RO.
ROOR
CH3
H-C=C
.
RO
CH2-...
...-CH2
CH3
H-C=C
...-C .
CH2-...
ROH
H
CH3
CH3
2
H-C=C
...-C .
H
CH2-...
H-C=C
...-CH
CH2-...
...-CH
CH2-...
H-C=C
CH3
147
148
Thi Hong
149
Nhit xy lanh
232oC
Khu
mch h
phenol
Khu
mch lu
hunh
Khu
mch h
phenol
Khu
mch lu
hunh
Nhit vt
n (oC)
197
203
232
234
Tc n
(g/pht)
199,5
201,8
182,5
171,2
150
Thi Hong
Trn hp c hc
151
Lu ho ng
Thi Hong
152
II
III
IV
PVCr
80
60
50
40
20
NBR
20
40
50
60
80
Cht n nh
Cht ha do
20
20
20
20
20
DCP
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
GMA
Oxit km
Axit stearic
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
Dibenzothiazyl
disulfit
X/3
X/3
X/3
X/3
X/3
TMTD
Lu hunh*
153
154
Thi Hong
155
156
Thi Hong
157
158
Thi Hong
159
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH(OH)-(CH2)5-CH3
CH-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH(OH)-(CH2)5-CH3
(Du CASTOR)
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH(OH)-(CH2)5-CH3
NCO
45 oC
Khuy
NCO
H3C
(ISOPHORONDIISOXYANAT)
CH3 CH3
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH(O)-(CH2)5-CH3
CH-...
O-CO-C(CH3)=CH2
CO
(PU)
NH
CH2-...
R
NCO
H3C
CH3 CH3
BPO
ETYLENGLYCOL DIMETACRYLAT
75 oC
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH - CH-CH2-CH(O)-(CH2)5-CH3
CH-...
Mt xch CM
Mt xch PU
CH2-...
R: -(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
Thi Hong
160
161
162
Thi Hong
163
164
Thi Hong
165
Thi Hong
166
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Thai Hoang, Tran Trung, Gohyup Yoo, Joong-Hyun Ahn, WangCheol Zin, Won-Jei Cho, Chang-Sik Ha, Compatibilization of
SAN/EPDM blends by grafting EPDM with methyl methacrylate,
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., Vol. 22, 1037-1040 (2001).
8.
9.
167
11. M. Tang, W. R. Liau, Solvent effect on the miscibility of poly(4hydroxystyrene)-poly(ethylene oxide) blends, Polymer, Vol. 36,
2597-2603 (2000).
12. Y. Agari, Y. Anan, R. Nomura, Y. Kawasaki, Estimation of the
compositional gradient in a PVC/PMMA graded blend prepared
by the dissolution-diffusion method, Polymer, Vol. 48, 1139-1147
(2007). 12. S. Al.Malaika, W. Kong, Reactive processing of
polymers: effect of in situ compatibilisation on characteristics of
blends of polyethylene terephtalate and ethylene propylene
rubber, Polymer, Vol. 46, 209-228 (2005).
13. S. Zhu, C. M. Chan, Transition of phase continuity induced by
crosslinking and interfacial reaction during reactive processing of
compatibilized PVC/SBR blends, Polymer, Vol. 39 (26), 70237032 (1998).
14. P. Jain, A. Misra, A. K. Ghosh, Relating rheological properties to
structure for relatively compatibilised PP/PBT blends,
http://www.thermo.com/ eThermo/CMA/PDFs
15. V. Thirtha, R.Lehman, T.Nosker, Glass transition phenomena in
melt-processed polystyrene/polypropylene blends, Polymer
Engineering, 1187-1193 (2005).
16. C. K. Mohanakrishnan, R. Narayan, J. D. Nizio, Reactive
extrusion processing of polypropylene lignocellulosic blend
materials, http://www.egr.msu.edu/~ narayan
17. H. X. Huang, Y. F. Huang, X. J. Li, Detecting blend morphology
development during melt blending along an extruder, Polymer
Testing, Vol. 26, 770-778 (2006).
18. G. Costa, D. Meli, Y. Song, A. Turturro, B. Valenti, M.
Castellano, L. Falqui, Reactive blending of polyamide 6,6 and
Vectra A, Polymer, Vol. 42, 8035-8042 (2001).
19. J. Li, S. Guo, R. slezak, B. Hausnenrova, In situ compatibilization
of PS/EPDM blends during ultrasonic extrusion, Macromol.
Chem. Phys., Vol. 206, 2429-2439 (2005).
20. J. K. Lee, C. D. Han, Evolution of polymer blend morphology
during compounding in a twin-screw extruder, Polymer, Vol. 41,
1799-1815 (2000).
168
Thi Hong
169
170
Thi Hong
171
172
Thi Hong
173
174
Thi Hong
Chng IV
CC BIN PHP TNG CNG TNG HP
POLYME BLEND
Thi Hong
176
bn ko t
(MPa)
42
47
43
bn nt
(kJ/m2)
3
11
7,5
177
178
Thi Hong
179
Polyme th
nht
Polyme th hai
PBT
PS
Cht tng hp
PS-b-PBT
PE
HIPS
HPB-b-PS
PBT
PS
PS-b-PBT hoc
PS-b-PET
A/B/A-C
khi
PET
PS
PS-b-PCl
PVC
PS
PCl-b-PS hoc
PMMA-b-PS
PVF
PS
PS-b-PMMA
PS
PC
PS-b-PCl
PS
PE
HPB-b-PS
Thi Hong
180
SAN
SBS
PS-b-PMMA hoc
PB-b-PMMA
ABS
PE
HPB-b-PMMA
PVC
SEBS
HPB-b-PMMA
PET
HDPE
S-EB-S
PS/PPO
hoc PBT
A/B/C-D
khi
A/B/A-B
ghp
PE
HIPS
HPB-b-PS
PE
PS
SBS, SEBS
PPO
SAN
PS-b-PMMA
SAN
PPO
PS-b-PMMA
EPDM
PMMA
EPDM-g-PMMA
PF
PMMA hoc PS
PF-g-PMMA/PF-g-PS
PBT
PS
PBT-g-PS
PE
PS
PE-g-PS
PE
PA
PE-g-PA
181
182
Thi Hong
LDPE
183
HIPS
PS
Cao su
+ Copolyme
LDPE
PS
Copolyme
Cao su
184
Thi Hong
185
Thi Hong
186
187
bn va p (J/m)
Nhit
phng
- 12oC
25
27,5
PVC/EPDM (100/10)
12,5
22,5
PVC/CPE25 (100/10)
50
30
PVC/CPE25 (100/20)
112,5
50
PVC/CPE36 (100/10)
75
30
PVC/CPE36 (100/20)
837,5
80
PVC/CPE42 (100/10)
75
30
PVC/CPE42 (100/20)
100
47,5
PVC/CPE25/EPDM (100/10/10)
325
77,5
PVC/CPE25/EPDM (100/20/10)
637,5
145
PVC/CPE36/EPDM (100/10/10)
125
70
PVC/CPE36/EPDM (100/20/10)
737,5
155
PVC/CPE42/EPDM (100/10/10)
62,5
38,75
PVC/CPE42/EPDM (100/20/10)
512,5
52,5
PVC
188
Thi Hong
189
Thi Hong
190
(A*)
(B)
X
X-Y
(A)-b-(B)
X
Y
Y
X
(B)-g-(A)
Y
X
Y
(A)-g-(B)
X
X
Y
(A)-nhnh-(B)
191
Thi Hong
192
Nhm phn ng 2
Chuyn
ho sau 2
pht
180oC (%)
K
(kg/mol.
pht)
Polystyren
Axit cacboxylic
Amin thm
0,6
0,1
Amin thm
Epoxy GMA
0,7
0,15
1,1
0,28
Epoxy GMA
1,8
0,34
Axit cacboxylic
Oxazolin
2,1
0,92
Axit cacboxylic
Epoxy GMA
9,0
2,1
Amin thm
Anhydrit vng
12,5
3,3
Anhydrit vng
99
103
Isoxyanat
99
> 103
Amin thm
Anhydrit vng
5,2
1,9
Anhydrit vng
99
103
Polymetylmetacrylat
k: hng s tc phn ng
193
194
Thi Hong
195
ng knh pha
phn tn (m)
bn ko t
(N/mm2)
dn di
khi t (%)
PA/PE
21
9,1
PA/PE/4%
PE-PEO
1,4
12,2
19
PA/PE/4%
PEAA
0,9
13,5
21
196
Thi Hong
197
CH2
- CH2- C
CH3
O
CH
HN -......[NHCO]......-...
CH2
OH
O
- OH2
CH2
- CH2- C
CH3
O
CH
CH2
N -......[NHCO]......-...
O
Phn ng to thnh nhm imit trong copolyme PP-b-PA.
A. P. Gupta v cng s s dng PP-g-MA nng cao kh
nng tng hp polyme blend PP/PPO. Nh phn ng gia nhm
hydroxyl cui mch trong PPO v nhm MA trong PP-g-MA to
thnh copolyme PP-b-PPO ti ch m PP v PPO phn tn vo nhau
tt hn, ng sut b mt ranh gii 2 pha polyme gim [52]. Khi a
PP-g-phenol formaldehyt (PP-g-PF) vo polyme blend PA/PP, kch
thc trung bnh ca pha phn tn PA gim v bn va p ca
polyme blend PA/PP tng ng k khi hm lng PP-g-PF tng ti
7%. iu ny c gii thch bi s tng hp ca phn PF trong
198
Thi Hong
199
Thi Hong
200
201
Tb
( C)
o
Tmax
(oC)
300oC
340oC
PE
225
264
18,7
80,0
90,0
EVA
235
336
2,0
7,5
17,0
PE/EVA 70/30
227
349
4,0
14,0
26,0
PE/EVA/DCP
70/30/0,5
246
362
0,8
3,6
12,0
Thi Hong
202
bn ko t
(MPa)
dn di khi
t (%)
10,3
683
0,050
11,4
650
0,075
13,9
650
0,100
14,1
567
0,125
13,5
550
0,150
11,4
369
203
Thi Hong
204
205
206
Thi Hong
Axit phn
P1-NH-CO-P2 + HOOC-P3 P1-NH-CO-P3 + HOOC-P2
Chuyn v amit ho
P1-NH-CO-P2 + P3-CO-NH-P4 P1-NH-CO-P3 + P2-CO-NH-P4
PEs + PA
Amin ho
P1-O-CO-P2 + H2N-P3 P1-OH + P3-NH-CO-P2
Axit phn
P1-O-CO-P2 + HOOC-P3 P1-O-CO-P3 + HOOC-P2
Ru phn
P1-NH-CO-P2 + HO-P3 P1- NH2 + P3-O-CO-P2
Axit phn
P1-NH-CO-P2 + HOOC-P3 P1-NH-CO-P3 + HOOC-P2
Chuyn v este-amit
P1-NH-CO-P2 + P3-CO-O-P4 P1-NH-CO-P3 + P2-CO-O-P4
S chuyn v v to thnh cc sn phm ng trng ngng
ngu nhin c th xy ra nhit cao (> 300oC) trong mt thi
gian di (i khi ti vi gi) vi s c mt ca cht xc tc chuyn
v. Cc phn ng chuyn v thng lm mt cc tnh tri ca
polyme thnh phn trong polyme blend v nh hnh. V vy, nn
gii hn phn ng chuyn v sao cho ch to thnh mt lng nh
copolyme khi b mt ranh gii gia 2 pha polyme. Qu trnh ny
i hi nhit gia cng thp, thi gian lu trng thi nng chy
nh, xc tc (nu dng) rt nh. Khi , cc tnh cht c l ca
polyme thnh phn, nh kh nng kt tinh mi c bo ton. Tin
hnh blend ho PET v PA 6,6 trong my n 2 trc vt xon 305325oC vi thi gian lu 4 pht, tc trn 10 vng/pht c 0,2%
axit p-toluensunfonic lm cht xc tc chuyn v este-amit, ch cn
vi phn trm sn phm chuyn v thu c trong polyme blend,
kch thc pha phn tn PA 6,6 gim t 14m xung cn 8m
trong pha lin tc PET [5].
207
Mu
bn
ko t
(MPa)
M un
ko
(GPa)
bn
ko t
(MPa)
M un
ko
(GPa)
PC/LCP ban u
73,49
1,48
19,41
0,53
PC/LCP tng
hp nh lantan
axetylacton
hydrat
85,71
1,98
33,11
1,17
Thi Hong
208
209
Thi Hong
210
l
Lu ha ng
ngc pha
Nha nhit do
Cao su
Cao su
Nha nhit do
211
Dimetyl alkyl
phenol
Peoxit
cng (SoD)
36
43
44
39
bn ko t
(Wa)
4,96
24,3
25,6
15,9
dn di khi
t (%)
190
530
350
450
212
Thi Hong
213
Tb (oC)
Tk (oC)
Tn hao
khi lng
tng (%)
201,10
587,85
71,95
201,10
587,76
78,57
201,10
587,21
85,80
PVC ti sinh/NBR/AA
80/20/4
201,10
588,74
68,14
201,10
588,32
69,68
PVC ti sinh/NBR/AA
50/50/4
201,10
588,02
71,11
Lu ho ng
PVC ti sinh/NBR/AA
20/80/4
Nhit s dng lin tc (continuous use temperature) ca cao
su nhit do ph thuc vo nhit chy ca nha nhit do. Gi tr
ny ca cao su nhit do PP/EPDM thng ti 120oC. Cc nha
nhit do kt tinh hoc bn kt tinh nh PA v polyeste c s
dng tng nhit s dng lin tc ca cao su nhit do. EPDM
rt bn nhit v bn oxy ho nhit nhng khng th trn ln vi PA
v polyeste. Ngi ta thng dng EPDM-g-MA cho lu ho ng
PA/EPDM. Rezol khng th dng cho polyme blend PA/EPDM v
khng ch pha EPDM m c pha PA cng b khu mch trong qu
trnh lu ho ng. Peoxit rt thch hp cho lu ho ng polyme
blend ny. Khi s dng DCP trong qu trnh lu ho ng polyme
214
Thi Hong
215
Thi Hong
216
- [ - CH2 - CH - ] [ - CH2 - CH - ]m
n
F3C-C-CF3
OH
PS bin tnh trn ln v tng hp hon ton vi polyme c
hm lng hydroxyl cao (do polyme blend ch c 1 Tg v mng
polyme blend trong sut). PS bin tnh c th trn ln hoc tng
hp mt phn vi polyme c hm lng hydroxyl thp hn.
Trong polyme blend PE/PA s dng cht tng hp PE-g-AA,
bn cnh phn ng gia nhm cacboxyl ca AA vi nhm amin
cui mch ca PA, cn c lin kt hydro gia nhm cacboxyl ca
AA trong PE-g-AA v nhm amit ca PA [32-35]. Do PA v PE
tng hp mt phn:
PE
PA
O ....... H - N
C
OH ......O
C
PA
PE
217
PE
PA
O ....... H - N
C
HNH
......O C
PA
PE
Khi nghin cu s tng hp ca polyme blend PE/PA c
copolyme PE-g-PEO, A. Hallden v cng s nhn thy cc nguyn
t oxy ete ca PEO ghp vo PE ng vai tr ca cht nhn lin kt
hydro v tng tc vi nguyn t hydro N-H ca nhm amit trong
PA [36]:
R
PEO
C=O
C = O .... H- N
O .......H - N
R
O
PEO
Thi Hong
218
219
220
Thi Hong
221
Thi Hong
222
Polyme 2
Polyme 1
Polyme
PVC
PMMA
PVC
PCl
PVF
PMMA
PVC
PBT
PVF
PEA
PVF
PEMA
PS
PPO
SAN
PMMA
IV.7. a vo cc ionome
Cc ionome l cc on polyme mang mt lng nh cc nhm ion.
Thng thng, cc nhm ion to thnh do trung ho cc nhm axit
sulfonic v axit cacboxylic trong polyme. Cc cation ca kim loi
ho tr 1 (Na+, K+) hoc ho tr 2 (Zn++) thng c s dng cho
cc ionome. Cc ionome c th tng cng tng hp cho polyme
blend c 2 pha ng lin tc (co-continuous two-phase
morphology).
Chng hn, ngi ta a vo polyme blend PE/PA ionome trn
c s copolyme etylen- axit metacrylic c mt phn axit metacrylic
c trung ho bi mui km (tn thng mi l Surlyn) [5]:
CH3
-(- CH2 - CH2 -)
0,88
(CH2 - C -)-
0,12
O
2+
O -(Zn )
1/2
223
Thi Hong
224
bn ko
t (MPa)
dn di
khi t (%)
M un n
hi (MPa)
80/20/0
38
264
820
80/19,6/0,4
42
350
862
80/19,2/0,8
40
365
848
80/18,8/1,2
42
382
830
80/18,4/1,6
40
325
825
...-CH2-CH2-CH2-C-C-[-NH-(CH2) - C -]-...
x n-1
O
H3CO
225
Jc (kgf.cm/cm2)
PP
2,9
PP/EPDM (50/50)
2,08
7,13
PP/EPDM/ionome-Na (50/50/10)
4,88
PP/EPDM/ionome-Na (50/50/15)
PP/EPDM/ionome-Na (50/50/20)
3,49
6,82
Thi Hong
226
(Du CASTOR)
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH(OH)-(CH2)5-CH3
NCO
45 oC
Khuy
NCO
H3C
(ISOPHORONDIISOXYANAT)
CH3 CH3
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH(O)-(CH2)5-CH3
CH-...
O-CO-C(CH3)=CH2
CO
(PU)
NH
CH2-...
R
NCO
H3C
CH3 CH3
BPO
ETYLENGLYCOL DIMETACRYLAT
75 oC
CH2-O-CO-(CH2)7-CH - CH-CH2-CH(O)-(CH2)5-CH3
CH-...
Mt xch CM
Mt xch PU
CH2-...
R: -(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
227
228
Thi Hong
229
230
Thi Hong
231
Thi Hong
232
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
233
234
Thi Hong
235
236
Thi Hong
237
238
Thi Hong
239
240
Thi Hong
241
242
Thi Hong
243
95. Thai Hoang, Chang-Sik Ha, and Won-Jei Cho, Miscibility and
Properties of Blends of EPDM Based Polymers, VietnamKorea Symposium on Chemistry and Nanostructure Materials,
Halong, Vietnam, October 18-19, 32 (2003).
96. T. Nishioka, Y. Ren, N. Tsubahara, K.Nakashima, I. Noda, Y.
Ozaki, Two-dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopic
studies of polymer blends: conformational changes and
specific interactions in blends of atactic polystyrene (PS) and
poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE), Analytical
Science, Vol. 17, i689-i692 (2001).
97. Y. Son, R. A. Weiss, Compatibilization of syndiotactic
polystyrene and a thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer
blend with a zinc salt of a sulfonated polystyrene ionomer,
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.87, 564-568 (2002).
98. A. R. Bhattacharyya, A. K. Ghosh, A. Misra, Ionomer
compatibilised PA6/EVA blends: mechanical properties and
morphological characterisation, Polymer, Vol. 44, 1725-1732
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