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DeltaStarTransformerConnectionOverview|EEP

DeltaStarTransformerConnectionOverview

GE Transformer deltastar nameplate

DeltaStarConnectionofTransformer
Inthistypeofconnection,theprimaryconnectedindeltafashionwhilethesecondarycurrentis
connectedinstar.

DeltaStar Connection of Transformer

Themainuseofthisconnectionistostepupthevoltagei.e.atthebeginingofhightension
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transmissionsystem.Itcanbenotedthatthereisaphaseshiftof30betweenprimaryline
voltageandsecondarylinevoltageasleading.

Phase shift of 30 between primary line voltage and

secondary line voltage

Keypoints
1. Asprimaryindeltaconnected:
2. Linevoltageonprimaryside=PhasevoltageonPrimaryside.
3. NowTransformationRation(K)=SecondaryPhaseVoltage/PrimaryPhase
Voltage
4. SecondaryPhaseVoltage=KXPrimaryPhaseVoltage.
5. AsSecondaryinStarconnected
6. LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XPhasevoltageonSecondaryside.So,
7. LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XKXPrimaryPhaseVoltage.
8. LinevoltageonSecondaryside=3XKXPrimaryLineVoltage.
9. Thereiss+30Degreeor30DegreePhaseShiftbetweenSecondaryPhase
VoltagetoPrimaryPhaseVoltage

AdvantagesofDeltaStarConnection
CrosssectionareaofwindingislessatPrimaryside:
Onprimarysideduetodeltaconnectionwindingcrosssectionrequiredisless.
UsedatThreephasefourwireSystem:
Onsecondaryside,neutralisavailable,duetowhichitcanbeusedfor3phase,4wiresupply
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system.
NodistortionofSecondaryVoltage:
Nodistortionduetothirdharmoniccomponents.
HandledlargeunbalancedLoad:
Largeunbalancedloadscanbehandledwithoutanydifficulty.
GroundingIsolationbetweenPrimaryandSecondary:
AssumingthattheneutraloftheYconnectedsecondarycircuitisgrounded,aloadconnected
phasetoneutraloraphasetogroundfaultproducestwoequalandoppositecurrentsintwo
phasesintheprimarycircuitwithoutanyneutralgroundcurrentintheprimarycircuit.
Therefore,incontrastwiththeYYconnection,phasetogroundfaultsorcurrentunbalanceinthe
secondarycircuitwillnotaffectgroundprotectiverelayingappliedtotheprimarycircuit.This
featureenablespropercoordinationofprotectivedevicesandisaveryimportantdesign
consideration.
TheneutraloftheYgroundedissometimesreferredtoasagroundingbank,becauseitprovides
alocalsourceofgroundcurrentatthesecondarythatisisolatedfromtheprimarycircuit.
HarmonicSuppression:
Themagnetizingcurrentmustcontainoddharmonicsfortheinducedvoltagestobesinusoidal
andthethirdharmonicisthedominantharmoniccomponent.Inathreephasesystemthethird
harmoniccurrentsofallthreephasesareinphasewitheachotherbecausetheyarezero
sequencecurrents.IntheYYtransformerconnection,theonlypathforthirdharmoniccurrentis
throughtheneutral.
IntheYconnection,however,thethirdharmoniccurrents,beingequalinamplitudeandin
phasewitheachother,areabletocirculatearoundthepathformedbytheconnectedwinding.
Thesamethingistruefortheotherzerosequenceharmonics.
GroundingBank:
Itprovidesalocalsourceofgroundcurrentatthesecondarythatisisolatedfromtheprimary
circuit.ForsupposeanungroundedgeneratorsuppliesasimpleradialsystemthroughY
transformerwithgroundedNeutralatsecondaryasshownFigure.Thegeneratorcansupplya
singlephasetoneutralloadthroughthegroundedYtransformer.
Letusrefertothelowvoltagegeneratorsideofthetransformerasthesecondaryandthehigh
voltageloadsideofthetransformerastheprimary.Notethateachprimarywindingis
magneticallycoupledtoasecondarywinding.
Themagneticallycoupledwindingsaredrawninparalleltoeachother:

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Magnetically coupled windings

Throughthesecondtransformerlaw,thephasetogroundloadcurrentintheprimarycircuitis
reflectedasacurrentintheACsecondarywinding.Noothercurrentsarerequiredtoflowinthe
ACorBCwindingsonthegeneratorsideofthetransformerinordertobalanceampereturns.
EasyRelayingofGroundProtection:
ProtectiverelayingisMUCHeasieronadeltawyetransformerbecausegroundfaultsonthe
secondarysideareisolatedfromtheprimary,makingcoordinationmucheasier.Ifthereis
upstreamrelayingonadeltawyetransformer,anyzerosequencecurrentcanbeassumedtobe
fromaprimarygroundfault,allowingverysensitivegroundfaultprotection.
Onawyewye,alowsidegroundfaultcausesprimarygroundfaultcurrent,makingcoordination
moredifficult.Actually,groundfaultprotectionisoneoftheprimaryadvantagesofdeltawye
units.

DisadvantagesofDeltaStarConnection
Inthistypeofconnection,thesecondaryvoltageisnotinphasewiththeprimary.Henceitisnot
possibletooperatethisconnectioninparallelwithstarstarordeltadeltaconnectedtransformer.

Oneproblemassociatedwiththisconnectionisthatthesecondaryvoltageisshiftedby
300withrespecttotheprimaryvoltage.Thiscancauseproblemswhenparalleling3
phasetransformerssincetransformerssecondaryvoltagesmustbeinphasetobe
paralleled.Therefore,wemustpayattentiontotheseshifts.

Ifsecondaryofthistransformershouldbeparalleledwithsecondaryofanothertransformer
withoutphaseshift,therewouldbeaproblem.

Applications
Commonlyusedinastepuptransformer
Asforexample,atthebeginningofaHTtransmissionline.Inthiscaseneutralpointisstableand
willnotfloatincaseofunbalancedloading.Thereisnodistortionoffluxbecauseexistenceofa
connectionallowsapathforthethirdharmoniccomponents.
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Thelinevoltageratiois3timesoftransformerturnratioandthesecondaryvoltageleadsthe
primaryoneby30.Inrecentyears,thisarrangementhasbecomeverypopularfordistribution
systemasitprovides3,4wiresystem.

Commonlyusedincommercial,industrial,andhighdensityresidential
locations
Tosupplythreephasedistributionsystems.
Anexamplewouldbeadistributiontransformerwithadeltaprimary,runningonthree11kV
phaseswithnoneutralorearthrequired,andastar(orwye)secondaryprovidinga3phase
supplyat400V,withthedomesticvoltageof230availablebetweeneachphaseandanearthed
neutralpoint.

UsedasGeneratorTransformer
TheYtransformerconnectionisuseduniversallyforconnectinggeneratorstotransmission
systemsbecauseoftwoveryimportantreasons.
Firstofall,generatorsareusuallyequippedwithsensitivegroundfaultrelayprotection.TheY
transformerisasourceofgroundcurrentsforloadsandfaultsonthetransmissionsystem,yet
thegeneratorgroundfaultprotectioniscompletelyisolatedfromgroundcurrentsontheprimary
sideofthetransformer.
Second,rotatingmachinescanliterallybe.

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