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Hili ~n 1iJ JLdC l1U1 cMuj. IJlJnq.. du dunJP.n lupr dm ilt6fr ltuJ dan.rj ~4f mi oB can duDnq. di din SANG T~O VI~T NAM!

eJriim .nq.ttdnq. 1JuinJz pJuim '£iJ m91 '1U'UJJ'lCL hai" iJum4 1tJp MicJl ill xinJr .n.d.IJ.,

lin cJuk!J.rpt M. JdWnq JUWi iJtdm w

JJuin h l. II,., di 1iJ nJr.iht'

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din JUP.lC nJr.iht .kJriu::!

XJWnq. dJ oi#c 4i .kIW! iIlii1J ~c 1#1012 Mnq. nq.lZR. ~ -.nlu1nq. can .tIIJlfCi dii him cha ~c Alnq.odi !Jill niz{Jc nJr.dn !Jdnq. .nlu1nq. MuuJ eM' 1IziillJqlc .cUa minh!

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~Qt budi sang mua thu nam 1913, tai can nha nho thuoc huyen Tan Bmh, tinh Vinh Long, nha nho ngheo Pharn Van Mui budc qua budc lai triroc can phong nho vdi dang ve b&n chdn. Thi ra, ben trong, ngu'O"i vrJ than yeu dang chuan hi vUrJt can cung vdi co mu gioi nhat vung,

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03 I

( r <,

-_

t6 a khnng gian irn Ang, chi con nghe tieng d6ng h6 tich tAc tich tiic cham chap go nhip. Bong tieng "Oel Oel" re len, pha tan b;1u khcng khi trnh lang' ..

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I 04

MAt anh Mui ngni sang khi etta phong xich rna, co m1:l16 ml)t ra vdi nu clit'1i rang ra, thong baa:

- Men ail Thang cu nang khiep! Anh vao vai me can thim 6.y di!

~nh Mui nghe the nhay d.ng len, vua cuai vua het to:

- 6 la la! Ta da co can trail Ta da co can trail Sau do, hai vg chdng quyet dinh dat ten can

18. Pham Quang Le, vO'i mong muon dua be Ian len se Ie phep, hieu nghia thea dung ne nep, gia phong cua gia dinh.

-

05 I

~u be, cau hoc tro nhe Pharn Quang L~ dtl n6i ti€ng cham chi thong minh, bing tren x6m dirdi kh6ng ai khong bi€t tieng,

-

106

M6i khi n6i v~ L~, ban be cua C~g hay dua:

- Cau L~ f{y a! Hi hi! Cau f{y tu6i con mot nen ca ngay trO'i bat tQi phai ngtii doc sach chir khong diroc vui choinhu tui minh!

!?2 ua vay, LEi say me doc sach den quen an quen ngu, D~c biet la cau be hay tim doc cac quy~n sach n6i v,~ Itch sil' mmc nha d~ tim hi~u truyen thong hao hung cua dan t9C.

Va nhan v~t d~ lai an ttiQ'ng sau sAc trong Le chinh la Cao Thang, mQt tliO'ng gi6i cua thil linh Phan Dinh Phung.

~'6i khi doc den doan Cao Th~ng thao tung sung cua ke thu r5i bat chime che' t9.0 ra hang loat sung dg danh Phap, cau be Le bao giC1 cung cam thay lang lang mQt cam giac ngunng mQ, than phuc, L~ lim dim d6i mat tham nght:

- Len len minh cling giong' tl1ang Cao 'I'hang, se che nhirng kh§:u sung that manh cho gi?c Phap

biet tay!

J,J-oi tinh sieng nang, ham tim toi hoc hoi, cau be U~ da d6 dau ky thi thanh chung fJ My Tho. sau d6 khan g6i len Sai Gon h9C trl1C1ng Petrus Ky.

N gay nam dciu, cau be nha que tinh Ie dii lam cho tat ca ban be tron xoe mlit trlidc suc hoc vinrt trQi cua minh. Mon nao c~u cung dung nhll't khisn ai ai cling phai g~t gu than phuc,

~m 1933, Pham Quang L~ trO' thanh niem tu hao cua dan tQc khi anh lien tiep d6 d~u trong cac ky thi tri Uti danh eho ngiroi Vi~t Nam, rai tii tai 'I'ay ban toan, ttl tai Tay ban triet.

M<;>i nguiri kheng thai ban tan xon xao, xem anh nhu la mQt hien tuong I~ thuong.

~y v~y, cung nhu nhieu ngli'ui tien hQ khac, chang thanh nien Pham Quang L~ v§.n luon canh canh ben long nbi dau cua m(it ngli'Cti dan mat nude. Anh nght minh phai dong gop m(>t cai gt do trong cong cuoc chong gi~c ngoai xam, Vi the sau gia hoc, trong khi dam ban cung trang lua vui choi, nhieu nguoi lai thay anh vui d§u vao dong sach vO'.

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11 I

- Cac nghia 81 nay d~u nit muc yeu HIl6"c, nhung ho tha't bai la vi vii khi qua tho so", khong sao dich lai nhimg sling ang tai tan cua Phap,

~aynQ, sau khi bo mot thai gian dai doc sach nghien cuu v~ hit ca cac cuoc khang chien chang Phap, anh g~t gu W n6i vdi chinh mmh:

Vua luc d6, ehct nho den gllo"ng sang tao cua Cao Thang xira kia, L~ li~n vung manh tay, higu Ie} quye't tam vai doi mat sang rue: "Neueac cu xira lam dinrc thi sao mlnh lai khnng lam dttgc! Nhat dinh mmh phai tim ra each che' tao cac loai vu khi cue manh dg ch6ng lai ke thu!"

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114

;£~ tiep tuc

lao d§.u VaG hoc t~p d~ tim co hQi sang Phap du hoc. Cu6i cung, anh lai chiem du'Q'c suat hoc b6ng VI dat di~m tuyet doi khi thi VaG trlib'ng Dai hoc quae gia e§.u duong, mQttruong IOn eua nude

Phap,

, Duoc tin vui, can nha nhf cua bo me L~ lai

. . .

them tung bung khi biet bao ba con, ban be keo

den chile mirng. L~ chi con biet cui mat dg che giau s\f lung tung tru'ac nhtrng loi khen t~ng cua moi n.gu'oi. '

~ung ngay song tai Phap, du g~p rat nhieu kho khan nhttng Pham Quang L~ van quyet bam tru, Sau do, anh con lam rat nhieu ngutri phai tron mlit kham phuc khi tranh thu tat ca thai gian co dliQ'c d~ theo hoe mQt hie rat nhieu tnrong dai hoc khac nhau nhu: C§.u dirorrg, Dien, Mo, Bach khoa, Ky thuat hang khong ...

~t.ing du ban r(ln de'n dau thi Lli: vAn khong quen muc dich chinh cua mmh la suu

tdm tai lieu che tao cac loai vii khi maio Trong khoang thdi gian 11 nam a Phap, anh da bi mat truy tim va thu thap ducc han 30 nghin trang tai lieu v~ van ~ nay.

~m 1946, tai BAc BQ phu, Ba.e He. chinh thirc giao cho Pham Quang L~ trong trach CI,lC trirdng Cue quan gidi BQ quae phong va d6i hi danh choanh la Tran Bai Nghia. Tit day, anh hAt d§.u dem het kien thirc va kha nang cua rninh d€ ehe tao ra cac loai vti khf hien dai va htru dung nhat,

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17 I

Hang ngay, nhin chung, anh d~u nO' mQt nu cuoi hanh phiic khi thay u'ae mo cua minh da g§.n thanh su that.

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11 B

~ an ve v~ vii khi d§.u tien nhanh chong duoc hinh thanh, co ten la "sung Ba-de-ca." Nhirng ngay sau do, tai cac xtnmg quan gioi, 10 nung luc nEW cling do Iua d~ bien nhirng thanh thep dl1b'ng ray xe Iua thanh hang nghin chi tiet sung. M9i nginri lam viec miet mai d~ cho loai sung nay sam ra mitt moi nguoi. Trftn Dai Nghia cling tdt b~t di - v€, chi huy cong nhan va xem xet cac bQ phan san xudt rat c£n t~n.

1

Jau bao nhieu ngay dern vat va , cac kh~u sung Ba-do-ca cling dtigc xuat xti6'ng. Ai ai ding hao hue muon xem sue manh thuc su cua no. Tren mQt bai ddt trong, Tr§.n D~i N ghla cling nhieu ngtib'i h6i hop cho dgi loat dan tha nghiern dftu tien.

- 19

)/{Ji sue xuyen thep 150mm, sting Ba-do-ca co thg vac vai co dong, elf ly bAn 50-150m. Loai vii khi nay phu hop vdi di~u kien dia hinh va dieu ki~n v~t chat cua Vi~t Nam luc bay giCt.

-Bum!

Vien dan xe gi6 vut bay v~ chiec 10 eot cudi bai, BI:1i kh6i tung len mu mit. Cho 10 cot bay gib' da dugc thay bang mot cai ho sau thllm.

- 3h.anh eong r6i!

Thanh cong roil

Tat ca rnoi ngiroi co m~ t om lay nhau nhu chua tang baa gid vui nhu the. Con Tran Dai N ghla thl rung rung xuc dQng truce thanh cong dliu tien cua minh.

Sau do, sting Ba-do-ca duqc chmh thirc dua VaG chien tnrong dg su dung, giup quan ta tang cub'ng hoa lire cua be> binh.

- :!/(goan ho! Tau giac chim r6i! Sung cua ta ghe th~t!

T8:"t thay quan linh tren ba ho reo vang dQi khi thay loat dan Ba-do-ca vira roi da pha nat 16'p vo thep cua tim dich rna bay lau nay tLidng khong co gi choc thung dLiqc.

- §hl urn! Bum!

Vao mot ngay mila thu narn 1947, sau nhimg tieng' n6 vang dQi, chiec tau chien eua gi?c Phap tren song La bung chay roi chim nhanh xuong dong mrcc chay xiet trong tieng keu hot hoang cua quan Iinh tren tau.

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23 I

~i chien trucng khac, ca chuc chiec xe tang cua dich hi ljr tien tdi can nat tat ca nhirng vat can. Theo sau la mot dam Iinh bo binh sung Bng sang IDe.

Ben nay, trong mot cong SI/, cac chien SI ta dang

gift chao tay sung, h6i hOp cho dQ'i "con quai v~t thep khong 16" di vao tam ngam,

-~An!

Vien chi huy ra l~nh, hang loat dan Ba-do-ca bat ngn dtiQ'c ban ra. Am! Am! Nhirng chiec xe tang trung dan, l~t nhao r6i

bBc chay dtr dOi.

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25 I

Thira thang, quan ta tran len tan cong khien quan dich holing sg quang sung bo chay tan loan. Nhirng tr~n thang eu nBi tiep, nho sue cong pha kinh hoang ella cac kh§u Ba-de-ca.

Jau do, nghe bao cao tU' cac chien tntb'ng each dung min pha cac lo-co't, be-tong c6t thep khien cac chien sY bi) binh ta g?P nhieu nguy hiem,

Tran Dai N ghta li~n lao van nghien ctru d~ che tao ra cac loai sung khfmg giat SKZ.

Dem dern, nhieu ngiroi lai tha'y Tran Dai Nghia thtrc trang, tinh tinh toan toan roi lai cam cui

phac thao nhung ban ve. '"

§5 0 lam vi~c qua sire, nhieu hie ang guc ngay tren ban roi thiep di trong su met mei ra roi. Nhung khi vita thuc day, ong lai vui diiu van ccng vice, Ong luon may mo, thl1 nghiem d~ tim ra each thiet ke, che tao t6i uu nhat, Nhin ong lam viec hang say, moi nguai khong khoi yeu

men va cam phuc,

27

Jau qua trtnh gian nan nghien ciru ehe tao

, .

va thir nghiem, sung SKZ cling ra doi. Sung do

ong thiet ke' rat nhe va nho gon, co thg mang tren vai nguoi linh nhirng sue cong pha Iai ttreng durrng kh§:u dai bac nang' 6 tan.

fI£J Au nam 1950, trong tr~n pho Lu, sling SKZ ldn dAu tien duae xua't hien. Sau mot loat

.. • .. I

dan, cac lo~eot co tuang be-tong cot thep day den

1m bi biin pha tan tanh. Chui ra tu dong gach

d6 nat, nhieu ten Iinh Phap ngo ngac gio tay

dAu hang rna chAng hi~u t~i sao. Co ten con nga mmh vita bi Thien loi vung bua danh trung.

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30

%hong dung lai, Tr§:n D?i Nghla cung cac d6ng su tie'p tuc nghien CUll che tao thanh cong cae loai dan bay. Dan nang khoang 30kg, co th~ tiell diet cac muc tieu xa den 4km. Hay la loai phao phan lire dliqc thao roi, khong xe keo, mang vac bang sue ngliai, chi c§:n d~t vao.,gia phong, BAn xong la phao thu chay thuc mang, thoat kh6i cac tran ph an phao, goi la rocket bQ binh.

~m 1950, quan dan ta tren cac chien truong N am Trung bQ da nhan duqc eac

loai viJ khi d§.y uy luc nay. Tu d6, lien tiep cac d6n b6t cua dich bi quan ta pha sach. Nhieu Iinh Pha p vira

nghe tieng sung cua quan ta la khiep hai, bo chay thuc mang.

Cac tu6'ng giac Pha p da phai

'" h?

run ray, oang

loan khi nghe den cac loai vii khi do Trgn D~i Nghfa sang che.

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31 I

1J"6i nhieu dong gop to lrin, Tran Ba i Nghfa da dvQ'c ke't nap Bang (1949), dt1Q'c phong t~ng danh hi~u "Anh hung lao dQng" (1952). Tu nam 1996, ang duQ'c bi'lu la vien 81 Vien han Him khoa h9C Lien Xo. Narn 199'7, lit Vi~n tnfang vien khoa h9C Vi~t Nam,

Gdn d§.y, ang dugc trao t~ng giai thu'dng H6 Chi Minh v~ cum cong trinh nghien cau va ehB" tao eac loai vO khi noi tren, Va nha khoa hoc anh hung, trai tim lam vi~c kh6ng biet m~t moi fiy ds ngitng d~p Me 7h30 phut sang ngay 13/8/1997.