International Seminar on Implementation of Technical Assistance for

Road Asset Management in Vietnam

Current Trial of Asset Management in Japan –
Japanese Experience

May 31, 2010

Kazuya AOKI, Ph.D.

PASCO Corporation

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© PASCO CORPORATION 1953-2010
 Contents

1. Current situation of asset management in Japan

2. Deterioration process of road pavement
3. Challenges of Pavement asset management
• Evaluation of deterioration performance with
inspection data
4. Role of Pavement Management System
• Pavement database
• Issues of Pave. DB install
• Web-Based PMS
• GIS-Based PMS

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 Current situation of asset management in Japan
1) Current state of asset management practice in Japan (background)
– Developing of deterioration forecasting model, LCC evaluation model and optimal repair model
and accumulation of inspection data made it possible to compute the budget planning and
repair strategy to minimize LCC by preventive repair and set the service level.
– Starting of making asset management plan for pavement, bridge, tunnel and water utilities.

AM plan to aim the life extension, cost reduction by preventive repair

•　 Deterioration forecasting model

R&D
•　 LCC analysis model (optimal repair model)

Asset •　 Consciousness of importance of maintenance and critical feeling

manager •　 Accumulation of maintenance database(inspection data)

Environment •　 Institution (government subsidies)

　 Practical realization of asset management

(LCC analysis, long-term maintenance planning … )
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 Deterioration process of road pavement

• Uncertainty of deterioration process of pavement

– Deterioration of pavement is generated according to various
factors
– It is impossible to forecast the deterioration process correctly
35

30

25
Rutting Volume (mm)

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Elapsed time (year)

Inspection data on expressway in Japan

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 Challenges of Pavement asset management

• It is difficult to specify the deterioration mechanism from

observational data.
Fig. differences in deterioration speed
1

from route on expressway

2
3
Rating

4
5
6
7

0 10 20 30 40 50

Elapsed Time (year)

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 Challenges of Pavement asset management

• It is difficult to specify the deterioration mechanism from

observational data.
Fig. Comparison of the deterioration
1

curve of same characteristic route.

( pavement type, traffic, and structure)
2
3
Ranking

4
5
6
7

0 20 40 60 80

Elapsed Year
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 Evaluation of deterioration performance with inspection data

• Main uncertainty of infrastructure asset management

– Deterioration performance
• Deterioration forecasting model
– Impossible to forecast deterioration process
– But, possible to evaluate the past deterioration
performance using archived inspection data.
– Possible to make uncertainty (risk) small by decision-
making using past deterioration performance evaluation.

• Not forecasting, but evaluation

• Important to accumulate inspection data which recorded actual
deterioration performance.
• Possible to model an actual deterioration phenomenon by
evaluating deterioration performance using inspection data
• Statistical deterioration forecasting model can reproduce the
performance of actual local road
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 Role of Pavement Management System
Plan Asset management planning 　 Do
(budget, repair criteria, repair
method, service level, inspection Performance evaluation
interval…)

Budget simulation LCC analysis

Check Monitoring of maintenance

work, work achievement
Action Planning revision, updating of
Summary and indication(GIS-based)
deterioration forecasting model

Estimation of deterioration forecasting model

Strategic management
Pavement DB
Data management
Plan Selection of repair sections,
prioritization, budget allocation…

Making list of repair sections Do

Plan
Detailed investigation of
repair sections
Middle Term Level Display of inventory data

Annual Level
See Scheduled inspection
See Do Daily patrol,
Import inspection data to DB repair work
Checking of results of
repair works Input of dairy patrol info
Summary and indications
Input of repair info

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 Role of Pavement Management System
• Data management (main functions)
– Management and practical use of huge information which are
generated on daily maintenance work
• Maintenance and updating of pavement data
• Updating of scheduled inspection data
• Accumulation of repair information
• Reference of pavement inventory data
• Strategic management (optional functions)
– Asset management planning, performance evaluation and updating of
planning based on pavement archived database
– Application is not necessarily needed (less frequently used)
– Asset management technologies are developed in the future

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 Role of Pavement Management System
• Main role of PMS is accumulating of
knowledge data
– Archived inspection data
• Time series evaluation of deterioration performance
– Archived repair data (including test construction data)
• Evaluation of effect of improvement
– Issue about section length
• Adjustment with minimum unit of construction for supporting
the annual level (100m in Japan)
• Data coupling of construction data and inspection data is
difficult.

© PASCO CORPORATION 1953-2010

 Pavement database
Road information
Inspection
•Road name
•Inspection time •Administration office
•Pavement type 20m~100m •Road type
•Inspection method •Lane No.
•Cracking rate (%) •Section length
•Rutting (average and maximum) (mm) •Distance mark
•Smoothness (mm) •Width
•MCI •Attached structure
•Traffic volume
1..* 1..*

1..*
Repair history
1 Deterioration Performance
•Repair time Current conditions
•Repair method •Deterioration forecasting model
•Pavement type •Cracking rate (%) •Hazard rate
•Material type •Rutting (average and maximum) (mm) •Benchmarking index
•Repair Cost •Smoothness (mm)
•MCI

© PASCO CORPORATION 1953-2010

 Issues of Pave. DB install
• Accumulation of time series archived data
– In order to evaluate the deterioration performance, it is necessary to
accumulate the time series data that corresponds to pavement life length(10 or
20 years)

Inspection Repair Inspection Repair

Time series
• Fixing of evaluation unit
– Same position is measured as past measured position. (Pavement is consecutive facilities)
– It depends on the accuracy of measurement equipment (distance meter, GPS)
– In Japan, the accuracy of location information is kept by GIS-based map and photo image
data with measuring.
– When inspection, information (landmark) to judge the position of each section is
recorded.

Data at the same position

Spacial accuracy is always recorded.

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 Issues of Pave. DB install
• Setting of evaluation length
– Acquired data (inspection and repair data) for the daily maintenance work is
secondarily used in asset management.
– Micro data is used for the macro analysis.
– A minimum length of the evaluation is adjusted to the judgment of the repair
(find of damage) and the repair section.
– In Japan, unit length is basically 100m, but nowadays, in order to evaluate
partial damage, the detailed data of 20m or 50m evaluation is acquired. ( it
depends on capability of measurement equipment)
20m 　　　：　　 Cracking rate = 50%

100m 　　　：　　 Cracking rate =

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 Issues of Pave. DB install
• Data update
– if the data update is not executed, database becomes obsolete and
the reliability of data decreases.
– Because the data update is complex work, it is a point that it
improves the efficiency of the update work.
– Inspection data (batch data input)
• Idea ： When the inspection data is made, the inspection data is put
together on the format of DB beforehand. →DB design that automatically
can be updated.
– Repair data （ input in each case)
• Idea ： making of easy interface to input repair data for all users and the
situation and the place of construction are recorded by photograph data
etc.
– Web-Based application
• Efficiency improvement of data input work

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 Web-Based PMS
• Database is managed collectively in a central office
• The system function is limited by each user
– AM manager ： Strategic management
– Field worker ： data input and browse
• The maintenance of system and data is easy.
• Depends on network infrastructure
Data management functions

Repair data
Inspection data LAN
Patrol data

Server

Install (auto) input

Strategic management functions

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 GIS-Based PMS

• Basic window

(a) Legend and layer manage (b) Map and attribute display (c) function tool bar

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 GIS-Based PMS

• Inspection data
– Time series data
• Current state of pavement 100m
– 100m, 20m Integrated evaluation of 20m data
• Repair archived data
• Road inventory and environmental data
– Traffic data, etc. 20m
• Deterioration hazard rate Detailed damage data
• Structural survey result
• Repair candidate section info.
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 GIS-Based PMS

• Display of comparative assessment (each route) result of deterioration

risk

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 GIS-Based PMS

• Computing the repair criteria and repair cost

– repair criteria for each route
– Monte Carlo simulation model
• Influence analysis given to service level of pavement
– Under budget constraint

Repair cost Repair length

Monte Carlo simulation
conditions

Average service level Service level

Simulation results

Output and map view Budget constraint

Output sample
Simulation condition setting
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