You are on page 1of 75

Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

LI CM N

Trc tin chng ti xin gi li cm n n cc thy, c gio Trng i Hc


Cng Ngh - HQGHN, b mn in T Vin Thng nhit tnh ging dy v
truyn t nhng kin thc, kinh nghim qu gi trong sut bn nm chng ti hc i
hc.
Ti xin gi li cm n su sc n PGS.TS Ng Din Tp, tn tnh hng
dn, cung cp ti liu trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti ny
Ti xin gi li cm n n tp th lp K49B, nhng ngi ng hnh trong
kha hc v c nhiu kin ng gp.
Mt ln na xin gi li cm n chn thnh v su sc!

H Ni, thng 6 nm 2008

Sinh vin thc hin:

Nguyn Th Anh

1
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

M U

C th ni, hin nay vi iu khin rt ph bin Vit Nam, v c ng


dng rt nhiu. Nhng sinh vin nghnh in, in T , C in T, Tin Hc, Vin
Thng ... hu nh ai cng bit cch lm vic vi vi iu khin. Ngy nay, nhng
tin b trong cng ngh bn dn thc y s phat trin khng ngng ca nghnh
cng nghip t ng, cc qu trnh iu khin t ng ho v iu khin thi gian thc
t ra yu cu rt ln v vic trao i d liu gia cc h thng hay gia cc b
phn trong cng mt h thng.
Cc mc tiu ra trong lun vn:
Chng I: S Lc V Vi iu Khin
Chng II: Vi iu Khin Microchip PIC
Chng III: Vi iu Khin PIC 18F4550
Chng IV: Cng Ngh USB Qua Microchip 18F4550
Chng V: Chuyn i T Thit B Flash PIC 18F Sang PIC 18FXXJ
Chng VI: ng H Bo Thc

2
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Mc lc
Mc lc 3
CHNG I ...................................................................................................................5
S LC V VI IU KHIN..................................................................................5
1.1. S Lc V Cu Trc Ca Vi iu Khin........................................................5
1.2 Mt Vi H Vi iu Khin Ph Bin:................................................................7
1.2.1 INTEL 8051...............................................................................................7
1.2.3 MOTOROLA 68HCxx..............................................................................7
1.2.4 MICROCHIP PIC 12Xxxx, 16Xxxx, 17Xxxx, 18Xxxx, DSPIC...............8
CHNG II..................................................................................................................9
VI IU KHIN MICROCHIP PIC............................................................................9
2.1 Lch S Pht Trin............................................................................................9
2.2 Phn Loi.........................................................................................................10
2.2.1 H cp thp (low-end)..............................................................................10
2.2.2 H cp chung (Mid-range) ......................................................................10
2.2.3 H cp cao (High-end) 17Cxxx...............................................................11
2.2.4 H cp cao (High- performance)..............................................................12
2.3 Mt S u im Microchip PIC......................................................................12
CHNG III...............................................................................................................14
VI IU KHIN PIC 18F4550..................................................................................14
3.1 S chn........................................................................................................16
3.2 Cc Cng C Lp Trnh...................................................................................20
3.3 n v ICD-U40...............................................................................................23
3.4 Tiu Th Nng Lng......................................................................................24
3.5 FIRMWARE....................................................................................................25
3.6 Cc cng c lm vic........................................................................................25
3.7 Thit b lp.......................................................................................................25
3.8 Firmware HID..................................................................................................26
3.9 Mt s c tnh:................................................................................................26
3.10 Nguyn tc hot ng:....................................................................................26
3.11 Driver.............................................................................................................27
3.12 M T Thc Hin Firmware Th Hai.............................................................29
3.13 Kt lun..........................................................................................................32
CHNG IV...............................................................................................................34
CNG NGH USB QUA MICROCHIP 18F4550.....................................................34
4.1 Gii thiu..........................................................................................................34
4.2 Vi x l 18f4550.............................................................................................34
4.3 Lp rp bng pht trin.....................................................................................34
4.3 Truyn ti khi ng vo 18F4550...................................................................36
4.4 Pht trin ng dng trong MPLAB IDE...........................................................37
CHNG V................................................................................................................46
CHUYN I T THIT B FLASH PIC18F SANG PIC18FXXJ.........................46
5.1 Chuyn i thit b...........................................................................................46
5.2 Gii thiu..........................................................................................................46
3
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

5.3 Reset Brown-out (BOR)...................................................................................50


5.4 XUNG..............................................................................................................50
5.5Tu chn dao ng k.......................................................................................51
5.6 ng h o nng lng....................................................................................51
5.7 tr khi ng/reset......................................................................................51
5.8 S khc Bit V Chn......................................................................................52
5.9 in tr ko gn trong......................................................................................53
5.10 T l dng trn cc chn vo/ra......................................................................53
5.11 VCAP/VDDCORE v ENVREG...................................................................54
5.12 B Nh Chng Trnh....................................................................................54
5.12.1 ID thit b...............................................................................................54
5.12.2 T cu hnh............................................................................................54
5.12.3 Cc chu trnh ghi....................................................................................57
5.12.4 Kh nng ghi nh c tnh.....................................................................57
5.12.5M phng t ghi v EEPROM................................................................57
5.12.6 Bo v m..............................................................................................58
5.12.7 Vo ch lp trnh...............................................................................58
5.13 Thit Lp Chnh Xc Cho Chng Trnh Thit B V Cng C Phn Mm. .59
5.14 KHC BIT MODULE................................................................................60
5.15 TNG KT....................................................................................................60
CHNG VI.................................................................................................61
NG H BO THC........................................................................................61
6.1 Tm lc..........................................................................................................61
6.2 Ch th hot ng..............................................................................................61
6.2.1 Ngy thng/thi gian hin ti...................................................................61
6.2.2 Thi gian 12 gi hay thi gian qun s....................................................62
6.2.3 Bo thc...................................................................................................63
6.2.4 m bo thc.............................................................................................64
6.2.5 ng b, ch v ngng bo thc.............................................................64
6.3 USB..................................................................................................................66
6.4 Lp trnh PIC....................................................................................................66
6.4.1 ng h...................................................................................................66
6.4.2 USB.........................................................................................................67
6.5 S dng Compact Flash....................................................................................67
6.6 Chip b m ho MP3........................................................................................68
6.7 B chuyn i s - tng t CS4334 ...............................................................71
6.8 Mn hnh LED .................................................................................................71
6.9 Kt lun ...........................................................................................................72

4
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

CHNG I

S LC V VI IU KHIN
1.1. S Lc V Cu Trc Ca Vi iu Khin
Nm 1971 b vi x l u tin ra i m ra mt thi i mi trong cng
ngh in t v tin hc, n nh hng su sc n mi lnh vc khoa hc cng
ngh. Cc h thng c thit k da trn nn tng ca b vi x l ( in hnh nh PC)
co kh nng m cc h thng in t thng thng khng th thc hin c.
Cc hng ch to bn dn tch hp cc mch ngoi vi v b vi x l ln mt
chp duy nht (on chp) to ra cc b vi iu khin, nhm hn ch ti a cc linh
kin mc ngoi khi xy dng h thng c s dng vi x l, vi iu khin.
Nhng b vi iu khin mi hin nay ca cc hng nh: ATMEL, MOTOROLA,
MICROCHIP Bn trong tch hp nhiu thit b ngoi vi nh khi ADC, kh
PWM, cc loi b nh, b m, cc cng truyn thng nh: 12C, UART, CAN, PSP,
USB, khi iu khin LCD, thm ch c cc khi thu pht khng dy RF. iu ny
khin cho vic thc hin cc ng dng vi vi iu khin tr nn d dng, gim c
kch thc mch in v chi ph.
Vic thit k v ch to ra cc b x l (microprocessor) hin nay pht trin theo
hai hng chnh. Hng th nht l pht trin cac b x l mnh tc cao thc hin
hng t lnh mi giy, di t d liu ln 32 hoc 64 bit, truy nhp khng gian b
nh n hng trm Mbyte hin nay ln hng Gbyte. Cc b x l ny c dng
trongcc h thng cn c cng sut tnh ton cao nh my tnh c nhn PC (Personal
Computer). cc h iu khin trong cng nghip. Hng th hai l thit k, ch to
cc vi iu khin (microcontroller), l mt vi mch n bn trong gm b x l
8,12,14 hoc 16 bit v cc khi chc nng nh b nh, b m, b bin i A/D, cng
ni tip . Cc vi iu khin in hnh l intel 8051, ATMEL, AVR, MOTOROLA
68HC11, Microchip Pic
iu thc y vic nghin cu ch to vi iu khin l tnh a dng, d dng
lp trnh v gi thnh thp. Vi iu khin t ra rt hp dn trong cc ng dng iu
khin in t v c kch thc nh, tuy nh nhng chc nng cng rt a dng, d
dng tch hp vo trong h thng iu khin ton h thng.

5
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Cc thnh phn ca vi iu khn l: CPU, RAM, ROM, cc b m, b nh


thi, cc cng vo ra, giao din truyn thng ni tip, cc khi chuyn i tng t s
A/D v ngc li s tng t D/A. Khi x l trung tm CPU thc hin cc ch th
c lu trong b nh chng trinh ROM iu khin tt c cc thnh phn cn li.
B nh truy cp ngu nhin RAM c dng lu cc thit lp v cc bin s dng
trong chng trnh. Chng trnh v cc s liu c nh c lu trong ROM. B nh
ROM ca vi iu khin s tr thnh phn sn (firmware) sau khi c np trnh. B
nh ROM ny c th l loi ROM mt n (masked ROM), vi loi ny chng trinh
c a vo ngay trong qu trnh ch to vi mch. Hay c th l loi OTP ROM ch
cho php np chng trnh mt ln, loi EFROM co th ghi va xo nhiu ln bng tia
cc tim, ngoi ra cn loi b nh na l EEFROM l loi b nh khng t bay hi c
th c thay i d dng bi ngi lp trnh.
Vi iu khin c s dng rng ri trong cc thit b in t: chng c trong cc
thit b vin thng, my vn phng, in t gia dng, chi tr em, thit b gii
tr. Cc thit b ni chung u cn mt c cu iu khin thng minh, c kh nng
tng tc vi ngi s dng.
Chng trnh cho vi iu khin l mt tp cc lnh c dch thnh m my
thng c np trc tip vo b nh ROM ca vi iu khin t my tinh thng
quamt b np trnh. Mt pha ca b nap c ni vi cng my tnh (COM, USB,
LPT) nhn d liu t my tnh, pha kia a d liu ti vi iu khin thng qua cc
chn np trnh ca vi iu khin . Cc chn ny li l cc chn vo ra thng thng sau
khi vi iu khin c np chng trnh.
Cc cng vo ra s cho cc d liu nh phn di chuyn vo ra qua cc chn ca vi
iu khin. Cc chn ny c dng ghp ni vi iu khin vi cc thit b vo ra
s hay ghp ni vi cc b vi iu khin khc thc hin cc chc nang no .
Cng truyn thng d liu ni tip to kh nng giao tip ca h thng vi cc h
thng khc qua cc chun giao tip nh: URAT, CAN, 12C, SPI
Cc b m dng to ra cc nhp thi gian chnh xc hoc m xung.
Khi chuyn i A/D cho php vi iu khin giao tip vi cc thit b in t
tng t nh cm bin tng t nh n c th a cc d liu tng t vo x
l v lu tr. Khi A/D cho php vi iu khin iu khin cc thit b khng tng
thch iu khin s.

6
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

1.2 Mt Vi H Vi iu Khin Ph Bin:


1.2.1 INTEL 8051

C 40 chn, trong c 32 chn vo ra

128 byte RAM

C kh nng nh a ch c 64Kbyte b nh ngoi

C 2 ti 3 khi timer

Tn s xung nhp 12-24MHz

C khi UART

Np trnh song song cc phn h c b nh chng trnh


1.2.2 ATMEL AVR AT90Sxxxx

ng v 8-20-40 chn, tng ng l 3-15-32 chn vo ra

Ch lng b nh chng trnh t 512 byte n 8 Kbyte.

C 128 byte n 512 byte RAM

C khi UART trong mt s loi co cao

C 1 n 2 timer 8 bit mt s loi c timer 16 bit

B ADC 10bit vi 6-8 knh vo

C b nh EEFROM dung lng 64-512 byte

Tn s xung nhp 10 MHz

Tp lnh RISC

Np trnh ni tip theo chun ICSP


1.2.3 MOTOROLA 68HCxx

ng v PLCC52, 68 hoc 82 chn

38 chn vo ra

C 1 byte b nh RAM bn trong

Khng c hoc ti a 20Kbyte b nh lnh

7
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

C khi UARTx

B ADC 8bit, 6-8 knh vo

5 b timer 16 bit

C b nh khng t bay hi EEFROM 512 byte

Kh nng nh a ch 16 Kbyte b nh ngoi

Tn s xung nhp 8 MHz

Np trnh song song


1.2.4 MICROCHIP PIC 12Xxxx, 16Xxxx, 17Xxxx, 18Xxxx, DSPIC

ng vDip8-18-28-40 (ph bin), tng ng l 5-13-22-3 chn I/O

Dung lng b nh chng trnh ROM 512 byte n 8 Kbyte

C t 25 n 400 byte RAM

cc loi cp chung v cp cao c khi UART

C 1 n 3 timer 8 bit, 16 bit

B ADC 8bit, 10bit, 6-8 knh vo

C b nh EEFROM dung lng 64-512 byte cc h Fxxx v DSPIC

C kh nng nh a ch cho b nh ngoi cc h cp cao

Tn s xung nhp t 4-40 MHz

Tp lnh RISC

a s np trnh theo chun ICSP

8
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

CHNG II

VI IU KHIN MICROCHIP PIC


2.1 Lch S Pht Trin
Nm 1965 hng Genneral Instrument thnh lp ban vi in t nhm tp trung
nghin cu cng ngh ch to b nh kiu EPROM v EEPROM, l cc linh kin
thu ht nhiu u t ca cc phng th nghim bn dn. u nhng nm 70 Genneral
Instrument cng ch to vi x l 16 bit PC1600. B x l ny kh tt nhng c nhc
im l kh nng vo ra khng mnh thch ng b x l PC1600 trong cc ng
dng cn c tnh nng cao. Nm 1975 Genneral Instrument thit k vi mch iu
khin giao tip ngoi vi (Peripheral interface controler) vit tt l PIC, l linh kin
h tr cc tnh nng vo ra cho vi x l PIC khng cn nhiu chc nng v ch x l
cc cng vic vo ra do b m lnh ca n kh nh gn. Nhng vi iu khin PIC
u tin c im yu l ch to theo cng ngh n-MOS nn tiu th nhiu nng lng,
b nh chng trnh l loi ROM mt n ch np c mt ln, do chng trnh
iu khin c np ngay khi ch to vi mch nn ch thch hp vi cc khch hng
t mua vi s lng ln, lp rp trong sn xut nhng sn phm c th.
Nhng nm u thp ki 80 Genneral Instrument gp kh khn trong thng mi
v t chc li. Hng tp trung vo ch to linh kin bn dn cng sut ln l th mnh
cho ti hin nay ca hng. Genneral Instrument chuyn nhng Ban vi in t v
nh my ti Chandle, bang Anizona cho cc nh u t. H lp ra mt cng ty mi, t
tn l Arizona Microchip technology hin nay l Microchip technology Inc.
Chin lc ca cc nh u t l tp trung vo vi iu khin v cc b nh bn
dn. Cc vi mch PIC n-MOS c ci tin, ch to da trn nn tng cng ngh mi
CMOS. Cc sn phm u tin ca Microchip c bit ti v bn ra vi s lng ln
l cc vi iu khin PIC thuc h PIC16C5x. H ny c hai bin th vi b nh
chng trnh l OTP v UV EPROM. Loi OTP c th np trnh mt ln dng cho sn
xut loi ln. Loi UV EPROM c th xa c bng tia cc tm (tia UV) dng khi
pht trin, th nghim phn mm.
Nm 1983 Microchip l hng u tin tch hp c b nh chng trnh
flash EEPROM vo nhng vi iu khin mi, trong c bit n nhiu nht l PIC

9
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

16C84 v PIC16F84. B nh chng trnh flash loi b vai tr ca vi iu khin c


b nh xo bng tia cc tm, c v bng gm t tin v cc n chiu tia cc tm.
2.2 Phn Loi
Tiu chun phn nhm da trn s khc nhau v kin trc b x l bn trong vi
iu khin.

S cc thanh ghi c th truy cp c

C hay khng c ngt , s lng ngt

S lng cc phn cng c chc nng c bit

di t lnh

Da vo nhng c im vi iu khin PIC c chia lm 4 h:


2.2.1 H cp thp (low-end)
Gm cc loi c k hiu 12C5xx, 16C5x, 16C505, 16HV540

di t lnh 12 bit

B ch cc thanh ghi: c 32 thanh ghi trn mt bank, ti a c 4 bank


c im chung

Rt thch hp trong cc ng dng giao din n gin vi ngoi vi.

B nh chng trnh kiu OTP hoc EPROM xo c bng tia cc tm.

Tc cao, thc hin c 5 triu ch th/s vi tn s xung nhp 20MHz.

Ch c mt b m timer.

Khng c cc ngt cng.

Khng c cc li ra tng cng.

Np trnh song song, tr PIC12C5xx v PIC16C505 c np trnh ni


tip theo giao thc ICSP.
2.2.2 H cp chung (Mid-range)
Bao gm 12C6xx, 14C000, 16C55x, 16C6x, 16C62x, 16F62x, 16C67x, 16C8x,
16F87x v 16C9xx

10
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

di t lnh 14 bit

L h vi iu khin PIC thng dng nht hin nay.

B ch cc thanh ghi: 128 byte trn mt bank, ti a 4 bank.

L vi iu khin vn nng tinh nng mnh.

C rt nhiu bin th khc nhau, vi cc kiu ng v a dng: DIP, PLCC,


SSOP
c im:
Tc cao, thc hin c 5 triu ch th /s xung nhp 20MHz.
C cc ngt phn cng.
C t 1 n 3 b m timer
C rt nhiu kiu khc nhau v chn vo/ra tng cng bao gm cc vo/ra tng t,
giao din truyn thng ni tip: ng b, khng ng b, 12C, SPI, CAN, USB, b
iu khin LCD.
B nh chng trnh flash hu ht cc vi mch.
Kh nng np trnh ni tip ICSP.
C kh nng t ghi vo b nh chng trnh (self-programming).
C phn cng g ri chng trnh ICD mt s loi.
2.2.3 H cp cao (High-end) 17Cxxx
Gm cc loi 17Cxxx

di t lnh 16 bit

B tr cc thanh ghi: 224 byte trn mt bank, ti a 8 bank, 48 thanh ghi chc
nng c bit (SFR).
c im chung.

Kin trc khc so vi h PIC cp chung, cp thp.

C c lnh tng cng v nhiu kh nng nh a ch.

Vi iu khin giao tip bus, truy nhp cac thit b song song trc tip.

C mt s li vo/ra tng cng.


11
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

B nh chng trnh OTP.

Np trnh kiu song song.


2.2.4 H cp cao (High- performance)
Gm nhng loi c k hiu 18Cxxx v 18Fxx2
di t lnh 16 bit.
B tr cc thanh ghi 256 byte trn mt bank, ti a c 16 bank.
c im chung:

Kin trc nng cao, da trn nn tng ca h cp trung, theo xu hng tha k
nhng tnh nng ca cc loi cp trung ng thi b xung cc tnh nng mi.
Do dn dn c kh nng thay th ton b PIC cp trung.

C cc lnh tng cng v nhiu kh nng nh a ch.

C kh nng truy nhp ti 2Mbyte b nh chng trnh, 4Kbyte b nh RAM.

Vct ngt n, c th lp trnh c mc u tin cc ngun ngt.

Kh nng vo/ra tng t h cp trung.

Tn s hot ng ti a 40MHz, c b nhn tn s PLL.

C b nh chng trnh flash.

Np trnh ni tip, c kh nng t ghi vo b nh chng trnh.


Hin nay mi nht l DSPIC vi nhiu tnh nng vt tri:
Kin trc Harvard sa i, 83 lnh n, vi ch a ch mm do.
2.3 Mt S u im Microchip PIC
B np trnh cho PIC c th t lp rp mt cc d dng vi chi ph thp do PIC
ch yu np trnh theo chun ICSP (In-Circuit Siral Programming) l phng thc np
trnh ni tip: cc d liu c np vo b nh chng trnh thng qua 2 chn vo/ra
c gn l cng truy nhp n b nh chng trnh trong qu trnh np trnh. Do
nh c b nh flash v np trnh theo chun ICSP m nhng ngi nghin c v s
dng PIC tit kim c ng k chi ph mua cc cng c np. Vi b nh flash th
thi gian np trnh cng c ci thin ng k ( ch khong vi chc giy) so vi UV
EPROM (c hn chc pht).

12
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Microchip cung cp rt y v chi tit cc ti liu k thut v tt c cc loi vi


iu khin PIC. Ngoi ra cn cung cp phn mm cng c min ph MPLAB-IDE
c nh gi l tt nht so vi cc cng c pht trin tng t ca cc hng sn xut
vi iu khin khc (cc ti liu cng c ny c cung cp min ph trn
www.microchip.com). Ngoi ra cn c rt nhiu sch vit v PIC v cc trang web ni
v vi iu khin ny. Ti liu h tr cho vi iu khin PIC ch dng sau my tnh c
nhn PC v v doanh s bn ra thi trng hin nay. Microchip ng u v doanh
s bn PIC 8 bit, vt ln trn c cc vi iu khin ca motorola.

13
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

CHNG III

VI IU KHIN PIC 18F4550


PIC18F4550 l mt vi x l c bn a chc nng v r. N l sn phm ca h vi
x l PIC thng dng ca cng ty Microchip ca M c tr s t ti Chandler,
Arizona (M).

Hnh 1: PIC18F4550

im ring bit ca vi x l PIC18F4550 l n l mt trong nhng PIC h tr


ton th cho USB, ngha l c USB gn trong c sn cc chn u ra ni trc tip
vi my tnh m khng cn mch ko hay bt c mch gn ngoi no khc.

14
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 2: Giao Tip USB


H tr tinh th v dao ng k nhiu tn s nh u vo v b cn bng nn b
x l c th hot ng vi tn s 48 MHz ca dao ng k c lp khi kt ni. Khi kt
thc hot ng th chnh dao ng k c kt ni (thng qua cc bit cu hnh). Lm
vic vi tc 48 MHz l iu kin tin quyt chuyn sang ch ton tc nh
cng USB. V vy, driver USB chuyn sang ch ton tc (1.5 Mbyte/giy) qua USB
v tng thch vi chun USB 2.0. N cng c 35 chn vo/ra s chung (xem s
chn phn di) v c sn v bc gm DIP-40 nn rt thun tin cho nh pht trin
v nhng ngi nghip d quan tm.
Vi b nh, c 32kb Flash lu tr chng trnh, 2kb b nh SRAM bay hi v
256 byte EEPROM (b nh khng bay hi) lu tr di hn d liu nh cu hnh
Cc ch th di 1 byte vi mt s ngoi l di 2 byte (CALL, MOVFF, GOTO
LSFR). S dng c ch ng ng thc thi m bng vic khin cc ch th lin tip
hot ng trong 4 xung ( di xung) v c 4 ln nhy xung c thm vo.
Cc c tnh ng ch khc l c ng h, ngt (ng h gn trong v gn
ngoi) vi hai mc u tin v dng c hai mc nh b so snh tng t km theo vi
b pht in th chun c 16 mc (hu ch khi dng trigger mc phn cng).
Cui cng, CIP cng c mt b chuyn i tng t 10 bit nhng dao ng k

15
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

khng yu cu v tc cao cn thit. V vy, my pht dao ng c tc 48


MHz gia thi gian tr do truyn ti v cc ngt khc (vng lp ). Khng th t
c tc ln hn 200 kHz.
3.1 S chn
Sau y l s chn ca PIC18F4550 trong hp DIP-40.
c bit, c th nhn ra chn D- v D+ t kt ni USB (chn 23 v 24).

Hnh 3:S chn ca PIC18F4550 trong hp DIP-40

16
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 4: TQFP

Hnh 5: QFN

17
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Bng 1: Bng m t cc chc nng tng chn ca PIC18F4550

Chn Hng M t chc nng v cc c tnh

AN0- I 13 knh Input, Analog, AN6 v AN7 cn dng cho lp


AN12 trnh d liu v xung clock vo.

Avdd Ngun dng cho mun tng t.

Avss Ngun Ground cho modul tng t.

CLKI I Li vo ca xung Clock ngoi, lun kt hp vi chn


OSC1.

CLKO O Li ra ca b dao ng tinh th, ni vi tinh th hoc


b cng hng trong ch dao ng thch anh.
Ging nh CKLO trong ch RC hoc EC. Lun kt
hp vi chn chc nng OSC2

CN0-CN7, I Khai bo thay i li vo.


CN17-CN18

COFS I/O Cng giao tip chuyn i d liu ng b khung.


CSCK I/O Cng giao tip chuyn i d liu Clock vo ra ni tip.
CSDI I Li vo d liu ni tip.
CSDO O Li ra d liu ni tip.

C1RX I Cng nhn bus CAN1


C1TX O Cng pht bus CAN1

EMUD I/O Cng vo ra d liu knh truyn thng s cp ca ICD.


EMUC I/O Vo ra xung nhp knh s cp.
EMUD1 I/O Vo ra d liu knh th cp.
EMUC1 I/O
EMUD2
EMUC2

18
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

EMUD3
EMUC3

IC1, I Cc cng vo ca mun Capture.


IC2,IC 7,
IC8

INT0, I Cc ngt ngoi.


INT1,
INT2

LVDIN I Cng vo pht hin st th.

/MCLR I Power, chn Reset, mc tch cc thp.

OSC1 I Li vo b giao ng tinh th. B m Trigger


Schmitt c s dng khi cu hnh trong ch RC.

OSC2 O Li ra b dao ng tinh th.

PGD I/O Vo ra d liu ca ICSP.


PGC I Li vo Clock ca ICSP.

RA11 I/O Port A.

RB0-RB12 I/O PortB.

RC13- I/O PortC.


RC15

RD0-RD3, I/O PortD.


RD8, RD9

RF0-RF5 I/O PortF.

SCK1 I/O Vo ra Clock ng b ca khi SPI1.


SDI1 I Li vo d liu ca khi SPI1.
SDO1 O Li ra d liu ca SPI1.
SS1 I Slaver ng b.

SCL I/O Vo ra Clock ni tip ca I2C.


19
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

I/O
SDA Vo ra Data ni tip ng b ca I2C.

SOSCO O Li ra b dao ng tinh th cng sut thp 32Khz.


SOSCI I Li vo b dao ng 32Khz.

T1CK I Li vo xung Clock ngoi ca Timer1.


T2CK I ..Timer2.

U1RX I Cng nhn khi UART1.


U1TX O Cng pht khi UART1.
U1ARX I Cng nhn m rng khi UART1.
U1ATX O Cng pht m rng khi UART1.

VDD Chn ngun Vdd.

VSS Chn ngun Vss.

Vref+ I Li vo Vref+ (cao) th analog chun.


Vref- I Li vo Vref- (thp) th chun.

3.2 Cc Cng C Lp Trnh


Khi la chn kin trc, phi ni n cch lp trnh. Vi CIP th thng dng
PICSTART Plus ca Microchip. Tuy nhin, m hnh ta chn l m hnh duy nht
khng tng thch vi nh sn xut ny. Mt khc, ta c thun li nu theo nh pht
trin ny, ta s c sn mt chic m khng cn phi mua. nh gi khi hon thnh
project th trong tng lai bn cp nht s c php dng.
CIP pht biu d cha thc hin nhng s theo kp vi nhu cu bo mt hay xy
dng chng trnh ring ca mnh.
Gii php ta tm ra l chng trnh v b debug ICD2. Gii php ta tm ra l
chng trnh v b debug ICD2. Ta d qun l nhm ca nh pht trin th hin cc
c tnh:
Thit b s dng c chia thnh nh sau

20
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Mt b debug/chng trnh thit b tng hp MPLAB ICD2 l b D/P thi gian


thc, gi r c cc c tnh sau:
Giao din USB (Ton tc 2Mbit/giy) v RS-232 ni ti my host
Debug nn thi gian thc
Giao din ngi dng ho MPLAB IDE (c bn copy min ph)
Mch gim st on mch/qu ti in th tch hp
Firmware cp nht t my tnh
Hon ton gn km
H tr in th thp n 2.0 Volt (di t 2.0 n 6.0)
LED chn on (Ngun, Bn, Li)
Khng gian c/vit v min EEDATA ca vi iu khin chnh
Cc bit cu hnh chng trnh
Xo khng gian b nh chng trnh sau khi kim nh
Cc ng h ngng ngoi vi dng li ti cc im ngng
Biu chnh ca kt ni vi ICD2

Hnh 6: Kt Ni Vi ICD2
Th hin phn mm bng ICD

21
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 7 : Phn mm bng ICD


Qun l cc u vo v u ra s cng nh u vo tng t (b chuyn i
tng t - s)
Giai on hai ca vic thc hin USB, rt n gin, ch l tch lu kinh nghim
pht trin ca nm trc ti y ng cp n c tnh ca CIP
Vi ng dng ny s s dng cng c lp trnh sau
CCS ICD l gii php loi b li v lp trnh cho microchip PIC16Fxx v
PIC18Fxx MCU hon chnh in-circuit. ICD c th loi b li qua PIC16 v h tr
PIC18 trng loi b li theo cch loi tr sai phm. N cng cung cp lp trnh ni
tip in-circuit (ICSP) cho tt c cc chip Flash. Mt danh sch cc phn c DCI h
tr c ghi chi tit y.
Cc n v CCS ICD lm vic tt vi phn mm iu khin PCW hay CCS c
lp vi ICD CCS. Debug PCW l quan trng v tch hp vi b bin dch v PCW
PCWH v cung cp thng tin pht sinh li c vit chi tit bng C. Phn mm cho
php cc chng trnh iu khin c lp nhanh chng tc ng vo ICSP chnh nh
ICD. Phn mm iu khin cng cho php bn cp nht cc h tr m khng thay i
v mt logic i tng ICD, khng phi b i chip ca n v ICD. (Dng cc cng c
phn mm ny i hi phi np cho n v CCS ICD khng thay i logic phng tin
trn ICD, c ti theo mc nh) Phn mm iu khin t n v ICD v cho php
thit lp cc phn Flash c h tr. gip loi b li, chc nng ca PCW hay
PCWH l debug v tch hp IDE vi IDE.

22
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

ICD-S40 thay th ICD-S20 v DCI 4 MHz. Hy ch , ICD-S40 v ICD-U40


ch lm vic vi phn mm v khng dng MPLAB IDE CCS. ICD nguyn bn CCS 4
MHz lm vic vi MPLAB IDE 5.xx.
Cn phi cp ngun 3V cho ICD-U40. ICD-S40 khng h tr 3V. CCS cung
cp hai gii php cho ICD:
3.3 n v ICD-U40
n v ICD ni vi my tnh v phn mm Debug trn USB. N hot ng vi
tn s xung 40 MHz nn thi gian debug nhanh hn (c c cp USB). n v c cp
ngun ICD-U40 USB. B ngun cng cp ngun 5V ni cu gn ICD trong n
v (n v phi c bt)

Hnh 8: n V ICD-U40
S hai ng dng c trnh by di y:
Thng tin relay:

Hnh 9 : Thng Tin relay

23
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Phn ny dng kt ni vi ICD ca MPLAB connector J2 c th lp trnh


li cng nh chiu sng v g b thit b, vi loi kt ni ny th khng cn card CIP
DEMO USB FS ca Microchip v c gi thnh cao.
y l cch s dng ng dng th hai.

Hinh 10: Thng Tin relay


Cn phi ni rng connector DCI thay i, khng cn l cp 5 connector na
m chuyn thnh cp 6 connector, l do vic pht trin project gp kh khn khi
dng ICD, n hu nh khng th b nh hng hay debug nhiu ln, y l l do chnh
m thay i l ICD c cu hnh nh trn, tu chn thay i u vo tng t v my
ch th th hin c truyn thng gia thit b v host.
3.4 Tiu Th Nng Lng
quyt nh xem c cn cp ngun ngoi (hay n gin l cp ngun qua cng
USB), xem danh sch sau cc thnh phn v tiu th nng lng ca chng.

Do cng USB c th cp dng 500 mA nn phi dng ngun t ngoi cp


ngun. Ta dng b iu chnh 7805 v chn ngun 9VDC v l in th ti thiu
cn 7805 hot ng c (v tn nhit) v c th thay bng pin 9V nu cn.

24
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

3.5 FIRMWARE
Thc hin truyn thng USB
2 v d c pht trin thc hin truyn thng qua USB:
Cung cp host thng tin (my tnh) cho thit b (vi iu khin) v thng tin relay t
thit b (vi iu khin) cho host (my tnh).
Qun l cc u vo v u ra s cng nh cc u vo tng t (b chuyn i
tng t - s)
Thng tin truyn thng v qung b Web:
3.6 Cc cng c lm vic
Firmware l chng trnh chy trong CIP v iu khin truyn thng. N c
vit hon ton bng C dng MPLAB C18 ca Microchip, mt b bin dch C ca cng
nh sn xut h tr chun PKI ANSI C89 v c thit k cng MPLAB IDE (l
cng c lp trnh v debug CIP). Mt c tnh khc ca MPLAB C18 l kh nng
sinh ra gi tr nh phn do vi iu khin qun l.
H PIC18F (v d, PIC18F4550) dng ch th m rng nh mt kin trc.
Ch MPLAB C18 c th download min ph trn trang ca Microchip (xem
lin kt tham kho). Tuy nhin, phin bn min ph (gi l phin bn dng cho sinh
vin) c thi hn s dng l 60 ngy. Trong 60 ngy , chng trnh s tip tc hot
ng nhng khng qun l, v vy b bin dch s sinh ra cc gi tr nh phn tip
tc hot ng nhng s tn khng gian hn (do khng c qun l) v khng dng
cc ch th ca PIC18F4550 ph dng nn cn nhiu tnh nng phn mm hn v v
vy km hiu qu.
3.7 Thit b lp
Theo chun th c nhiu loi thit b USB vi cc c tnh khc nhau thng thy
trong thit b. V d, c lp cho camera s, mt lp cho my scan, mt cho my in
Cc lp thit b c xy dng nng cao tnh tng thch ca cc thit b. V vy,
bt c h iu hnh no c driver lm vic vi camera s u c th c c nh t
camera s c thit k ph hp vi cc thng s k thut ca loi thit b .
c bit vi ng dng ca chng ta, ta chn s dng loi thit b HID (Thit b
giao din ngi dng), v c bn l mt kt ni tng t vi chut hay bn phm. L
do ta chn lp ny l do lng ln thng tin ti Microchip v kinh nghim c c t
25
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

cc i tng khc s dng loi driver ny, ngoi ra nu ta cn to mt driver th ta s


dn n trang ny t Microchip.
3.8 Firmware HID
Truyn thng c thc hin qua s h tr ca firware USB HID, mt nn cung
cp yu cu ca Microchip thit lp truyn thng (qua cng USB) mt cch n
gin.
3.9 Mt s c tnh:
Chuyn nghip: min ph, d s dng
Nhc im: tc truyn d liu nh (gii hn ti 64 kbyte/giy)
B nh: xp x 3Kbyte
Driver ca Windows: khng yu cu
3.10 Nguyn tc hot ng:
ng dng ny l mt HID c bn (khng phi l bn phm hay chut v nguyn
tc ca n nh sau):
Nhn u ra thng bo bng cch truyn ngt OUT v gi d liu thng bo li
n li vo host trong thng bo bng cch truyn ngt IN.
Nhn u ra thng bo nh truyn iu khin (Set_ReportRequest) v thng bo
li u vo host trong bo co nh truyn iu khin (Get_ReportRequest).
ng dng iu khin b m phn bit cc bo co nhn qua vic ngt truyn
thng v bo co ngt nhn qua iu khin truyn thng.
ng dng cng iu khin b m phn bit cc thng bo nhn u vo qua
vic truyn u vo ngt v cc bo co nhn qua vic truyn iu khin.
Nhn cc bo co a n bng cch iu khin truyn thng
(Set_ReportRequest) v gi li mt bo co n host trong mt thng bo a n nh
iu khin truyn thng.
Mt b m n gi cc bn bo co c lu tr v bo co nhn c gi.
Vic thc hin l s dng chut th nghim t Microchip.
Project c kim tra trong bng th hin PICDEM FS USB.

26
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

3.11 Driver
Chun yu cu tt c cc thit b USB trong giai on thng lng phi c
xc nh vi ID nh sn xut v ID sn phm (sau y gi l VID v PID). Cp gi tr
ny gip nhn bit nh sn xut thit b (PRI) v mu ring ca mt sn phm c
kt ni. V vy, cc mu khc ca cng sn phm ni chung khc PID.
Mc ch chnh ca cc gi tr ny khng ch l xc nh thit b m cn l tm v
ti ng driver cho n. V vy, tt c cc driver ca Windows (hay cc sn phm tng
t) c sp xp nh thit b vi mt hay nhiu PID v PRI s dng cho driver ni.
y l cch s dng Windows (hay h iu hnh khc ang cp) d driver c
chn c ng hay khng.
Trong trng hp driver dng cho h iu hnh khc, cp VID/PID xc
nh driver nu cn ti v v vy khi mt thit b gn vi VID/PID th nhn bit c
h thng t ng tm ra v cho php s dng ngay. Tuy nhin, nu khng nhn ra
VID/PID th h iu hnh s hi ngi dng cp driver. Mt v d l mn hnh.
Ca s pht hin phn cng mi
y l phn gii thch PRI v b iu khin PID v ng dng ca chng ta vi
loi HID khng cn ci t bt c driver no (Windows t ng cp nht).
Cc cng c dng trong ng dng ny c th hin nh sau:
C18 2.30.01 +
Phin bn yu cu ti thiu: 2.30.01 +
Khuyn ngh: 2.40 +
Phin bn ny c ti http://www.microchip.com
MPLAB IDE 6.62 +
Phin bn yu cu ti thiu: 6.62 +
Khuyn ngh: 7.00 +
MPLAB (R) IDE c ti http://www.microchip.com
Bit cu hnh:

27
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Cc bit cu hnh c dng thit lp ch hot ng ca CIP (v d, tn s


ca b to dao ng) v c thit k lp trnh. Cc bit cu hnh do MPLAB qun
l khi lp trnh v c th cp cho 2 dng:
1. Qua danh sch cc bit cu hnh ca MPLAB (t bit cu hnh).
2. Qua cc macro cng m dng khai bo cu hnh thc #.
Di y l hnh nh la chn cc bit cu hnh ca MPLAB (tu chn 1).

1. tham chiu n project dng mt b ti khi ng.


Khi bn m ng dng th lun m file workspace (*.mcw).
Tt c cc v d trong th mc c ti qua b ti khi ng.
Thnh phn c bn:
Vector reset v ngt ca b ti khi ng c chnh theo cc a ch 0x0800,
0x0808, 0x081.
Phn iu chnh lin kt vi phn khi ng c s dng, file ny l
rm18f4550.lkr v c t ti mi ng dng.
28
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Nu bn ang dng ICD2 v khng ph hp vi b ti khi ng th bn phi


iu chnh li nh sau:
MPLAB ho thay i lin kt rm18f4550.lkr bng mt linker chun
18f4550.lkr, iu ny c th thy c theo mc nh trong th vin C18.
Thay i ng dn ca lin kt n ng v tr khng pht sinh li.
Bn phi xo i cc m theo sau:
Extern void _startup (void); / / xem c018i.c trong th mc bin dch C18
# Pragma _RESET_INTERRUPT_VECTOR code = 0x000800
Void _reset (void)
(
_asm Goto _startup _endasm
)
# Pragma Code
y l m trong file main.c.
Cui cng (tu chn) khi nh hng bit, t 0x30000B tt phn ngn vit
BOOT.
3.12 M T Thc Hin Firmware Th Hai
ng dng th hai l s tr gip ln v kinh nghim ln hiu USB, theo s
pht trin ca ng dng trc y p dng vo cc im khc pht trin v thc
hin cho thc thi ny v firmware c dng cho cc cng c lm vic khc ny, c
m t chng trc, tip cn ang s dng l m hot ng:
# Include <18F4455.h>
# Fuses HSPLL, NOWDT, NOPROTECT, NOLVP, NODEBUG, USBDIV, PLL5,
CPUDIV1, VREGEN
# Use delay (clock = 48000000)
# Define USB_EP1_TX_ENABLE USB_ENABLE_INTERRUPT
# Define USB_EP1_TX_SIZE 8
# Define USB_EP1_RX_ENABLE USB_ENABLE_INTERRUPT

29
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

# Define USB_EP1_RX_SIZE 8
# Include <pic18_usb.h>
# Include <usb_desc_hid.h>
# Include <usb.c>
y l phn header cn thit thit lp truyn thng vi DCI v c th to HID
lp ng dng, phn u usb_desc_hid.h thc hin vic ny.
ng dng dng 5 u vo tng t sau y cn cu hnh CIP lm vic vi thu tinh
c tc 20 MHz cho tc 48 MHZ:
Setup_adc (ADC_CLOCK_INTERNAL);
Setup_adc_ports (AN0);
Set_adc_channel (0);
Phn cn li l logic cn thit c th thit lp quan h gia chng, nhn nt
hay nhn nt trn my host ch cn bit tn bn ghi CIP v gi cuc gi mt cch
thch hp.
c tnh khc c th hin trong m thng bo.
Phn Mm
Pht trin lp trnh ti host c thc hin bng Microsoft Visual ++, logic ca
chng trnh, tng t nh ng dng trc
Sau y l cu trc chng trnh trong ng dng ny:
Usb_Ej_1.dsp
File (file project) ny ch thng tin v cp project v c dng xy dng
project n hay project con. Ngi dng ngoi c th chia s file project (.dsp) nhng
khng c xut file khi to ni b.
Usb_Ej_1.h
y l phn header ca file chnh cho ng dng. Project khc gm c header c
bit (gm resource.h) v khai bo lp ng dng Cusb_Ej_1App.
Usb_Ej_1.cpp
y l phn chnh ca m ngun ng dng gm lp ng dng Cusb_Ej_1App.

30
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Usb_Ej_1.rc
y l danh sch tt c cc ti nguyn ca Microsoft Windows m chng trnh
s dng gm c cc icon, im nh, con tr c lu trong th mc con ca RES. File
ny c th vit trc tip vo Microsoft Visual C++.
Usb_Ej_1.clw
File ny cha thng tin ClassWizard s dng khi phc tho cc lp hay thm
lp mi. ClassWizard cng dng file ny cha thng tin cn thit to, son danh
sch cc thng ip, trnh by d liu cho hi thoi v to tc v nh thnh phn
nguyn bn.
Res \ Usb_Ej_1.ico
y l icon ca file dng cho icon ng dng. Icon ny c trong file ti nguyn
chnh Usb_Ej_1.rc.
Res \ Usb_Ej_1.rc2
File ny cha ti nguyn khng c vit bng Microsoft Visual C++. Bn nn
t tt c cc ti nguyn khng c chnh sa bi bng phc tho ti nguyn vo file
ny.
UsbHidApi.lib
File ny cung cp thng bo v chng trnh vi DLL cng tn.
Kt qu
Giao din c pht trin h tr truyn thng USB iu khin ba kiu truyn d
liu l: u ra s, u vo s v u vo tng t - s.

31
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 11: Giao din c pht trin h tr truyn thng USB


3.13 Kt lun
Project c thc hin qua bt ngot ln khi chng ta kim sot do iu ny cha
c bit n.
Khi pht trin project c th thy rng c nhiu cch truyn thng bng bus hi
phc tp do n gm nhiu giao thc. Vic truyn thng ny khng c thc hin theo
hng nh trng hp cng song song hay cng ni tip m dng driver truy nhp
vo.
C th c v hn driver ny do c th to ra cc driver ring ging nhau, vn
l phc tp ca thut ton c pht trin. Trong trng hp project ca ta, ta chn
s dng DLL UsbHidApi l phn mm thng mi, file ny khin mch my tnh
pht hin ra dng ca HID (Thit b giao din ngi dng), tng t vi chut,
joystick, bn phm

32
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Nhng pht trin ca project ny m ra cnh ca s dng tt loi bus ny,


c coi l bng bus. Da trn ng dng ny qua PIC, c th thc hin c rt nhiu
ng dng hay trong cng vic khi bt c thit b c pht trin no c th c gim
st v iu khin qua bus ny.
Ch trng n vi iu khin PIC l vi iu khin ph bin nht hin nay cho cc
ng dng , cc chc nng lung cn cho truyn thng vi bus USB v chuyn i
ni dung tng t - s cho thit b.
Ngun thng tin.
Internet
Din n tho lun.
Hng dn lp trnh ngn ng Visual C++.
Trang web (www.microchip.com).
Khuyn ngh.
Bc thc hin nghin cu v hiu c bus ny l quan trng v gii p
nhng cu hi c bn khin cho cng vic nghin cu r rng hn.
Nn mua thit b ghi PIC nh yu cu pht trin thm ng dng v hiu bus
USB.

33
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

CHNG IV

CNG NGH USB QUA MICROCHIP 18F4550


4.1 Gii thiu
Ti liu ny gii thiu nn tng c bn khm ph cng ngh lin kt vi cc
thit b USB. N cung cp chi tit cn thit gi lp mt bng pht trin, chng
trnh v th nghim vi vi x l Microchip 18F4550.
S thc hin dng y s dng vic kt hp cch tip cn dng trong giao
din CREATE USB (CUI, ph lc 3) v pic18fusb.online.fr Wiki (Ph lc 1). C hai
u s dng k thut ti khi ng v phn mm lin kt vi bng th hin USB ton
tc Microchip PICDEM.
Tt c cc phn mm dng trong bng pht trin c th download min ph gm
c b bin dch MPLAB C18 C phin bn dng cho sinh vin.
4.2 Vi x l 18f4550
Vi iu khin Microchip PIC 18F4550 l mt thit b ph bin kt ni vi
USB. N c giao din USB 2.0 ton tc tch hp sn. Thit b c sn nhiu v d nn
d dng bt u th nghim cng ngh. PIC 18F4550 gm 13 li vo tng t/s, 18
cng vo/ra chung v mt b ch th kiu RISC mnh. Thit b c b nh 16K lu
chng trnh. Do cho php s dng USB, bn c th c sn 1024 byte RAM lu d
liu (c th 2048 byte).
4.3 Lp rp bng pht trin
Ph lc A cung cp danh sch cc thnh phn, s v nh cc n v hon thin.
Qu trnh pht trin
Qu trnh pht trin c minh ho di y:

34
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 12 : Qu Trnh Pht Trin


Trc khi lp trnh ln u cho bng pht trin, bn phi download m ti khi
ng vo 18f4550. c phn c tiu Truyn ti khi ng vo 18F4550 xem
chi tit v qu trnh ny.
Cc chng trnh c vit v pht trin trong Microchip MPLAB. Cc chng
trnh c th pht trin bng ngn ng hp ng hay C.
S dng mi trng MPLAB gi b bin dch C18 C hay b hp ng. C18
hay b hp ng s bin dch file .asm ca bn hay m C thnh file .hex.
Lp trnh cho PIC 18F4550 bng cch download file .hex qua ti khi ng dng
chng trnh PDFSUSB.EXE (lu tr ti C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc\Pdfsusb\PDFSUSB.exe
trong MCHPFSUSB USB Framework).
bng pht trin hin ra thc n PDFSUSB.EXE, phi reset bng v gi phm
button.
Trong mi trng PDFSUSB.EXE:
Ti file Hex
Lp trnh thit b
Thc hin
N s ti file hex vo 18F4550 v khi to thc hin trong thit b.
Phn mm cn thit
Phn mm sau c th download t Microchip:
MPLAB IDE mi trng pht trin xy dng ng dng.
B bin dch MPLAB C18 C Phin bn cho sinh vin c th s dng vi
MPLAB IDE pht trin ng dng bng C.
MCHPFSUSB USB Framework - gm ti khi ng v cc v d s dng vi
bng pht trin.
Ti liu
Ti liu c lit k di y s c ch trong vic vn hnh mi trng pht
trin. N c th download t Microchip (www.microchip.com)
MPLAB IDE Users Guide Microchip document DS51519B
35
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Release Notes for MPLAB C18 C Compiler, Student Edition


MPLAB C18 COMPILER USERS GUIDE Microchip document DS51288J
MPLAB C18 C Compiler Getting Started Microchip document DS51295F
MPLAB C18 Libaries Documentation Microchip document DS51297F
Release Notes for MCHPFSUSB Microchip Full-Speed USB Solutions
PICDEM FS USB Demonstration Board Users Guide DS51526A
4.3 Truyn ti khi ng vo 18F4550
Xem Ph lc B Phn cng ti m vo 18f4550 ni v cc thit b
truyn ti khi ng vo chip 18f4550.
Ln u tin lp trnh cho bng pht trin, phi dng chng trnh ICD2 thay cho
PDFSUSB.EXE. Nguyn nhn l do PIC hon ton trng khi em t nh my v v
bn phi ti file hex cho ti khi ng vo PIC kch hot cc phin lp trnh trong
tng lai qua PDFSUSB.EXE.
File hex ti khi ng c lu trong m MCHPFSUSB USB Framework. Trong
MPLAB, m file hex C:\MCHPFSUSB\fw\Boot\_output\MCHPUSB.hex, chn
chng trnh ICD2 v click vo thit b lp trnh. N s truyn m ti khi ng vo
18f4550.
Vo ch ti khi ng
M bin dch dng file .hex c th download bng chng trnh PDFSUSB.EXE.
download m vo 18f4550 qua PDFSUSB.EXE, lm nh sau:
M ng dng PDFSUSB.EXE.
Kim tra ca s th Select PICDEM FS USB Board xem bng iu khin c
hin ra khng. Nu c th bn s thy phn PICDEM FS USB (0) Boot. Chn phn
ny. n bc 4.
Nu PICDEM FS USB (0) Boot khng hin ra, lm nh sau vo ch ti
khi ng 18f4550:
Nhn v gi kho S2.
Trong khi gi S2, nhn v th S1.

36
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

PC s ku beep ch th rng 18f4550 by gi c trong ng dng


PDFSUSB.EXE. Trong Device Manager, thit b s xut hin di Other Devices
PIC 18F4550 Family Device.
Tr li bc 2.
M bin dch by gi c th ownloa vo 18f4550 nh cc thao tc trong ng
dng PDFSUSB.EXE sau:
Ti file Hex.
Lp trnh thit b.
Thc hin.
PC s ku beep ch th 18f4550 by gi ang hot ng v khng ch ti
khi ng na.
Nhn S1 n t khi ng li ng dng c np vo 18f4550. Ngay c khi
ng dng Demo Tool ang chy ch ti khi ng th mt ln reset bng n gin
(nhn S1) s khng lm bng t vo ch ti khi ng.
Nu y l ln u tin bn s dng ti khi ng th my tnh s khng nhn
firmware ti khi ng, v vy bn phi ci driver (ch cn mt ln). Khi Windows
thng bo Found New Hardware, click No, not this time ri chn Install from
list. Ri click vo Browse v chn th mc C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc\MCHPUSB
Driver\Release ri Next, Continue Anyway v Finish.
4.4 Pht trin ng dng trong MPLAB IDE
Cc bc sau to ra mt ng dng mi cho 18f4550 dng ch ti khi
ng download cho thit b.
M MPLAB IDE
T thc n MPLAB Project, chn Project Wizard.
Click Next.
Chn thit b (PIC18F4550).
Chnh li Active Toolsuite l Microchip C18 Toolsuite.
To mt file project mi. To mt th mc mi cho project
(C:\MCHPFSUSB\fw\MyPro1). t tn cho project (v d MyPro1).

37
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Thm file vo project ny. Thm file C:\MCHPFSUSB\fw\Demo02\rm18f4550.


To mt file lu chng trnh C. File|New. Thm m, Save As (v d Mypro1.c).
Thm Mypro1.c vo project. File|Add new file to project.
Bin dch Project|Build All.
Sau khi bin dch thnh cng, vo ch ti khi ng vi 18f4550.
S dng ng dng PDFSUSB.EXE ti chng trnh vo 18f4550.
Ch rng script linker c bit (rm18f4550.lkr) c dng cho ng dng ti
khi ng. Trong rm18f4550.lkr, reset, vector ngt c u tin cao v thp c xp
ngoi khi khi ng ngn ghi ln n.
V d - Ti file Hex Demo02 vo 18f4550
Khi bn truyn c ti khi ng vo 18f4550, bn c th dng chng trnh
PDFSUSB.EXE ti file chng trnh vo thit b.
vo ch ti khi ng, nhn phm chng trnh trn bng pht trin trong
khi vn cm cp USB hay reset li bng. Nu y l ln u tin bn dng ti khi
ng th my tnh ca bn s khng nhn firmware ti khi ng, v vy bn phi ci
driver (ch cn mt ln). Khi Windows thng bo Found New Hardware, click No,
not this time ri chn Install from list. Ri click vo Browse v chn th mc
C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc\MCHPUSB Driver\Release ri Next, Continue Anyway
v Finish.
V d sau y trnh by v th tc ti khi ng cho project Microchip Demo02,
chng trnh kim th c th c ti khi ng.
MPLAB: Vi MPLAB, m, (chnh li) v xy dng (li) project
C:\MCHPFSUSB\fw\Demo02\Demo02.mcp.
BOARD: Vo ch khi ng bng cch nhn [S1 Reset] trong khi vn gi [S2
enter Boot/Program].
PDFSUSB: M cng c Microchip:
C:\MCHPFSUSB\Pc|Pdfsusb\PDFSUSB.exe (tin ch Microchip USB Boot
Loader).
PDFSUSB: Trong danh sch th xung, chn PIC, t tn l PICDEM FS
USB 0 (Boot).
38
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

PDFSUSB: Click Load Hex file:


C:\MCHPFSUSB\fw\Demo02\Demo02.hex.
PDFSUSB: Click Program Device.
PDFSUSB: Click Execute khi ng PIC trong ch ngi dng (b qua
khuyn co li, n ch dng reset thit b).
Chng trnh Demo02 khi nhn S2 th trng thi chn RD1 phi thay i (0V ln 5V
).
Xem Ph lc C v cc thnh phn ph c gn vo chiu sng LED cho bng pht
trin.
V d - Chuyn t giao din RS-232 sang USB
Cc phn mm hu ch khc
Cc phn mm sau y c nh gi l hu ch khi s dng bng pht trin:
Windows Device Manager Vo Windows Device Manager bng cch click
Start, Setting, Control Panel, icon System, tab Hardware v click nt Device Manager.
Device Manager hot ng d dng hn nhiu nu m chng trnh devmgmt.msc t
ca s dng lnh.
DevCon l mt tin tch dng lnh thay th cho Device Manager. Dng
DevCon, bn c th kch hot, ngt, khi ng li, xo v truy vn cc thit b ring
hay mt nhm thit b. DevCon cng cung cp thng tin tng ng v nh pht trin
driver v khng c sn trong Device Manager. Download t
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/311272. C cc phin bn 32 v 64 bit.
USB Sniffer/Analyzer cng c debug USB cho php bn xem cc byte c
truyn i gia host v thit b.
Ph Lc A
Xy dng mi trng pht trin 18f4550
Bn thit k c trnh by y l s kt hp cc cch tip cn thit lp 18f4550 c
bn. N nhn mnh vo cc cch tip cn CUI v thc hin pic18fusb.
Cc thnh phn cn thit to lp pht trin 18f4550 c lit k sau y:

P/N (source) Description Qty Each Total Component


39
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Designation

450-1644-ND SWITCH TACT 6MM BK 160GF


2 0.21 0.42 S1, S2
(Digi-Key) 8.51MM

PIC18F4550-
IC PIC MCU FLASH 16KX16
I/P-ND (Digi- 1 9.73 9.73 P1
40DIP
Key)

X439-ND (Digi- CRYSTAL 20.000 MHZ 20PF


1 0.58 0.58 Q1
Key) 49US

4.7KQBK-ND RES 4.7K OHM 1/4W 5%


2 0.06 0.12 R1, R2
(Digi-Key) CARBON FILM

22QBK-ND RES 22 OHM 1/4W 5%


2 0.06 0.12 R3, R4
(Digi-Key) CARBON FILM

1.0KQBK-ND RES 1.0K OHM 1/4W 5%


1 0.06 0.06 R5
(Digi-Key) CARBON FILM

1.0MQBK-ND RES 1.0M OHM 1/4W 5%


1 0.06 0.06 R6
(Digi-Key) CARBON FILM

516-1311-ND LED 3MM 645NM RED DIFF


1 0.51 0.51 LED1
(Digi-Key) LOW CURR

478-4278-1-ND
CAP CER .10UF 50V DISC RAD 2 0.20 0.40 C1, C5
(Digi-Key)

478-4178-ND CAP TANTALUM .47UF 35V


1 0.46 0.46 C2
(Digi-Key) 10% RAD

BC1003CT-ND CAP 15PF 50V CERAMIC C0G


2 0.08 0.16 C3, C4
(Digi-Key) 5%

PBCUB1F USB B Female Breadboard


1 5.60 5.60
(Winford) Adapter

40
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

438-1045-ND BREADBOARD 2.13x6.496


1 8.73 8.73
(Digi-Key) SLDLESS*

Total 26.95

s lng.

Hinh 13: bo mch test

Hnh 14 : mch nguyn l


To lp
Hai thnh phn trong mch phn cc.
Mt thnh phn m cc l t in 470 nF (C2). Cc c nh du trn t c
theo di.

41
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Thnh phn nhy phn cc


th hai l LED. Cc c nh
du di y (Ph lc 4) ca
LED c theo di.

Sp xp cc thnh phn
quanh tinh th hi kh khn v
cn thc hin cn thn trnh
on mch.
Khi thc hin, Winford
USB B Female Breadbroad
Adapter c dng nhiu hn
b lp rp USB B Female r hn
thng c ni vi PCB (Digi-Key 609-1039-ND). Adator ny m bo rng cp
USB c kt ni tt vi bng mch.
Hnh c tiu Breadboard Adator Detail th hin cch ni ngm di breadboard
adapter.

Nu bn dng b lp rp USB B Female th cc chn phi ni nh sau:

42
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Chn Tn Mu cp M t

1 VCC +5VDC

2 D- Trng D liu -

3 D+ Xanh D liu +

4 GND en t

Mt s nh ngha

Vcc +5VDC (supplied by the USB port)

Vdd
Ground, GND,

Capacitor

Resistor

LED

Crystal

S dng ngun USB


Cc chc nng tn t nng lng, nng lng bus: Draw Max 100mA.
Ph lc B
Phn cng ti m vo 18f4550
Nh cp n, ln u tin bn lp trnh cho bng pht trin th phi dng
chng trnh ICD2 thay cho PDFSUSB.EXE. l do PIC hon ton trng khi em
t nh my v v bn phi lp trnh mt file hex cho ti khi ng vo PIC kch
hot cc phin lp trnh trong tng lai qua PDFSUSB.EXE.
Cch chc chn nht thc hin iu ny l dng chng trnh ICD2 v module
lp trnh ton cc t Microchip. Gi ca cc thit b ny vo ma xun nm 2008 l:

43
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

MPLAB CD2 In-Circuit Debugger/Programmer (DV164007) 189,99 tr 25%


(xem phn di).
Module lp trnh ton cc cho ICD2 (AC162049) 39,95 tr 25% (xem phn
di).
Cch khc cng c cp n cho ICD2 l:
Olimex MPLAB Compatible ICD2 vi USB v RS232 - $106,95
(http://www.sparkfun.com)
Khu tr
t mua trn Microchip trc tip qua a ch email vi .edu, .k12, .ac
trong tn min s nhn c khon t khu tr 25% gi bn cc cng c pht trin
Microchip.
Ph lc C
Phn cng chiu sng LED vi chng trn DEMO2
Chng trnh Demo02 khi nhn S2, trng thi chm RD1 phi thay i (0V ln 5V
). LED c gn vo bng pht trin nh hnh:

Ph lc F
Tng quan v cc cng vo/ra trn PIC18F4550

Other
Port Traits
Functions

RA0 Analog input 0

RA1 Analog input 1

RA2 Analog input 2

44
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

RA3 Analog input 3

Schmitt Trigger input, can be programmed to be input to TMR0


RA4 Digital I/O
clock

RA5 Analog input 4

RB0 Analog input12 can be programmed for external interrupt (INT0)

RB1 Analog input10 can be programmed for external interrupt (INT1)

RB2 Analog input 8 can be programmed for external interrupt (INT2)

RB3 Analog input 9

RB4 Analog input11 can be programmed for interrupt on change

RB5 Digital I/O can be programmed for interrupt on change

RB6 Digital I/O can be programmed for interrupt on change

RB7 Digital I/O can be programmed for interrupt on change

RC0 Digital I/O

RC1 Digital I/O can be programmed for PWM output

RC2 Digital I/O can be programmed for PWM output

RC6 Digital I/O can be programmed for UART TX line

RC7 Digital I/O can be programmed for UART RX line

RD0 Digital I/O

RD1 Digital I/O

RD2 Digital I/O

RD3 Digital I/O

45
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

RD4 Digital I/O

RD5 Digital I/O

RD6 Digital I/O

RD7 Digital I/O

RE0 Analog input5

RE1 Analog input6

RE2 Analog input7

CHNG V

CHUYN I T THIT B FLASH PIC18F SANG PIC18FXXJ


5.1 Chuyn i thit b
Ti liu ny c mc ch m t s khc bit v chc nng v s khc bit v c
tnh k thut in hin ti khi chuyn t thit b ny sang thit b th h k tip.
Ch : Cc thit b ny c thit k biu th cc thng s trong bn data
sheet s ni n. Chng c kim th vi cc c tnh k thut in c thit k
xc nh kh nng tng thch vi cc thng s ny. Do c s khc bit trong qu trnh
sn xut thit b, chng c th nhng c tnh hot ng khc vi cc phin bn trc.
Nhng s khc bit ny khin cho thit b hot ng khc vi cc phin bn trc.
Ch : Ngi dng phi m bo dao ng k o thit b phi c bt v hot
ng ng mnh. C th phi iu chnh gi tr tr khng ti v/hoc ch dao
ng k.
5.2 Gii thiu
H thit b Flash mi PIC18FXXJ c nhng khc bit ln so vi h phin bn
Flash PIC18 trc. Ti liu chuyn i ny s ch r, kim tra v gii thch nhng khc
bit ny v cch thc chng gy nh hng n thit k h thng. Nhng khc bit ny
gm c thay i quy nh gi tn cc phn, chc nng tng qut, khc bit theo
module v cch thit lp chnh xc cc cng c lp trnh.

46
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

5.3 Cp ngun cho thit b


B iu chnh in th gn trong, VDDCORE/VCAP, thit b LF v F, cp VDD
Khc vi cc thit b ca dng Flash PIC18 trc, h thit b Flash PIC18FXXJ
c mt b iu chnh in th gn trong. B iu chnh in th ny cp ngun cho
phn chnh ca thit b thp hn so vi cp cho cc chn vo/ra. Trong thit b c
nhiu chn hn (t 60 chn tr ln), b iu chnh in th c th c khi ng hoc
ngt t bn ngoi qua chn ENVREG. Chn ny c th ni vi VDD khi ng b
iu chnh in th hoc ni t ngt b iu chnh in th. Hnh 16 minh ho
mch hot ng cho thit b c nhiu chn. Ch l chn ENVREG ang hot ng v
n iu khin vic bt hay tt b iu chnh in th.

47
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 15: Kt ni bn trong cho c trng m m thit b


Trong thit b c t chn hn, v d PIC18F45J10 (xem hnh 17), k t F trong
tn thit b (v d PIC18F45J10) cho bit b iu chnh in th gn trong lun ni vi
VDD v lun bt. K t LF (v d PIC18LF45J10) cho bit b iu chnh in th
lun ni t v lun tt.

Hnh:16: Kt ni giao din cho m m F v LF ca thit b


Chn VDDCORE/VCAP c hai chc nng. Khi b iu chnh tt, nu ENVREG nm
trn thit b nhiu chn v thit b t chn c k t LF th V DDCORE cp ngun cho
thnh phn s chnh ca thit b. Nh vy s gim dng tiu th ca cc phn khc
bng cch loi b dng th ng ca b iu chnh in th, l ni tiu tn nng lng
nht khi ch Idle hay Sleep. ch ny, nng lng phi cp cho c chn
VDDCORE v chn VDD. Cch cu hnh thng thng l ni VDDCORE vi VDD v cp ngun
t 2,0V n 2,7V. Cng c th ly nng lng t ngun ring cho VDDCORE (2,0V n
2,7V) v VDD (VDDCORE n 3.6V). Nh vy cho php thnh phn chnh hot ng vi
48
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

mc in th thp hn trong khi cc chn vo/ra v cc cng ngoi vi hot ng vi


mc in th cao hn. Khi hot ng ch ny, nht thit phi gi cho VDDCORE
khng vt qu VDD k c khi bt u.
Khi b iu chnh in th c bt, do ENVREG c ni vi VDD thit b
nhiu chn v thit b t chn vi k t F, mt t in tr khng chui tng ng
(ESR) thp s ni vo chn VCAP n nh u ra t b iu chnh in th gn trong.
Trong ch ny, thit b phi c cp ngun t 2.7V n 3.6V trn VDD. Khi b
iu chnh b ngt, VDDCORE phi c cp ngun t 2.0V n 2.7V cp nn lng
cho thnh phn chnh ca thit b.

Hnh 17: Cu hnh ngun in hnh cho thit b flash PIC18FXXJ nhiu chn

Hnh 18: Cu hnh ngun in hnh cho thit b flash PIC18FXXJ it chn
49
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 18 th hin cu hnh nng lng thng dng cho thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash
nhiu chn. Hnh 4 th hin cu hnh nng lng thng dng cho thit b PIC18FXXJ
Flash t chn.
5.3 Reset Brown-out (BOR)
Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c module BOR l mt phn ca b iu chnh in
th gn trong. Khi u ra ca b iu chnh h xung di mc in th chnh ti thiu
th thit b s ri vo trng thi BOR. Do module BOR c trong b iu chnh in th
nn thit b vi b iu chnh in th b ngt (thit b nhiu chn vi ENVREG ni
t v tt c cc thit b t chn vi k t LF) s ngt module BOR.
im khc bit vi thit b PIC18 Flash trc, do module BOR kh trnh c th
c chn l bt hay ngt, nm t cu hnh hay thanh ghi iu khin, v c th c
cu hnh vi mc in th nht nh m ti Reset hot ng. Cc thit b ny i
hi c BOR kh trnh v chng cn gim tn s hot ng khi in th gim; v vy,
BOR kh trnh cho php ngi dng m bo rng cc thng s k thut khng b nh
hng khi in th h thng gim. Tri li, vi thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, vi b iu
chnh in th bt, ch cn BOR n mc v chng c th hot ng ton tc vi in
th hot ng ti thiu. Chc nng BOR trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c trong b
iu chnh in th v khng hot ng nu b iu chnh b ngt.
5.4 XUNG
Tn s xung nhp cao khi in th thp hn, thit b LF v F
D h thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c di in th hot ng hp, chng vn c th
cung cp c nhiu MIPS/V hn thit b PIC18 Flash trc. Cc thit b ny c th
chy vi tc 40 MHz (10 MIPS) khi hot ng 2.25 V. Tnh mm do hot ng
tng cng ny cho php ngi dng khai thc ton b nng lng v tc ca thit
b trong di in th rng hn.
Hnh 20 th hin quan h gia VDD v tn s hot ng ca thit b vi b iu
chnh c bt (thit b nhiu chn vi ENVREG ni vi VDD v thit b t chn vi k
t F). Hnh 6 th hin quan h gia VDD, VDDCORE v tn s hot ng ca thit b vi
b iu chnh in th b ngt. Ch VDD ni vi VDDCORE nn in th hot ng ti
a l 2.75V.

50
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 19: VDD theo tn s hot ng ( b iu chnh bt)

Hnh 20: VDD theo tn s hot ng ( b io chnh tt)


5.5Tu chn dao ng k
Tu chn dao ng k cho thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash l EC, ECPLL, HS,
HSPLL v dao ng k gn trong 31 kHz. Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash khng c tu
chn XT v LP thng c trong thit b PIC18 Flash. Ch RC c trong mt s thit
b PIC18FXXJ Flash. Hy xem data sheet r hn v thit b ring.
5.6 ng h o nng lng
Trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, ng h o nng lng c bt. thit b
trc, c tu chn bt hay tt phn thit lp cu hnh.
5.7 tr khi ng/reset
Do trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, ng h o nng lng lun bt nn thi
gian khi ng cc thit b ny lu hn so vi cc phn PIC18 Flash. Cng c tr
cng thm vo cho thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash sau mi ln reset copy t cu hnh t
b nh chng trnh vo thanh ghi cu hnh. Trong thi gian tr, dao ng k RC gn
51
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

trong ng vai tr ngun thit b. Sau khi thanh ghi cu hnh c np, thit b chuyn
sang xung c bit nh cc bit cu hnh FOSC. Xem T cu hnh bit thm chi
tit.
5.8 S khc Bit V Chn
Chn dung sai 5 Volt
D cc thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c VDD ti a 3.6V nhng cc chn vo/ra vi
tnh nng s ch chu c ti a 5V. Cc chn c ghp knh vi c tnh tng t
c dung sai khng phi l 5V v khng gii hn, gm:

Bt c chn no l u vo tng t (AN0, AN1 )

Bt c chn ngun xung no (OSC1, OSC2, T1OSC)

Bt c chn u vo so snh no
Ch rng cc chn c dung sai 5V l u vo ch nhn VDD l u ra. Vi cc
ng dng i hi u ra 5V trn cc thit b cm ngoi th chn cng 5V c th t to
bng cch:

Thm in tr ko ghp ngoi;

t bit thanh ghi LAT cho chn l 0 v

Dng bit thanh ghi TRIS cho chn cho php chn nng ln 5V hay
h xung mc t.
Khi dng mt in tr ko trn chn cng, kh nng kt ni gia hai thit b cn
c xem xt quyt nh t l tng/gim ca tn hiu trn chn cng v gi tr chnh
xc ca in tr cho ng dng. Ta c Phng trnh 1 sau:
Phng trnh 1:
Thi gian tng/gim = t ln(PVDD/(PVDD - TVIH))
trong :
t = RCt, TVIH = in th u vo mc cao ca thit b nhn v PV DD l in th
m in tr ko ln.
V d, nh trnh by mch trong Hnh 7, PV DD l in th m in tr ko ln.
Nu R = 1kOhm, Ct = 10 pF v PVDD = 5V th thi gian t khi thit b PIC18FXXJ

52
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Flash m ng (cho php in tr ko ng ln mc cao) n khi thit b A pht


hin ra thay i nh Phng trnh 2:
Phng trnh 2:
tln(PVDD/(PVDD - TVIH)) = (1K)(10 pF)ln(5V/5V*(.8*5V)) = 16 ns

Hnh 21: Ni thit b vi mt in tr ko y


Khi thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c ng ni t th gi tr R c dng tnh
ton t l in tr chui ca phn u ra cng thm tr khng ng. Thi gian tnh
thm do ng thng c lc i khi so snh vi thi gian gim xung ca u ra
cng (Tiof). Xem phn c tnh AC trong data sheet v thit b bit gi tr ca Tiof.
5.9 in tr ko gn trong
chn s trn thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash chu c 5V, cn c mt b dch
mc. in tr ko gn trong trn chn cng khng th ko cc chn theo tt c cc
ng ln VDD c; chng b gii hn bi VDD tr i ngng gim ca b dch hay
Vtn. Thng tin chuyn bit thm v cc gii hn ko u ra c ni n trong phn
cc c tnh in ca data sheet v thit b.
5.10 T l dng trn cc chn vo/ra
Mt im ng xem xt khi chuyn sang phn PIC18FXXJ Flash l kh nng lu
in ca chn cng. Trong nhiu phn PIC18 Flash, tt c cc cng u c kh nng
lu 25 mA mt chn. thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, cc cng nht nh, thng l
PORTB v PORTC, lu c dng 25 mA mt chn. Cc cng khc c kh nng lu

53
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

c 8 mA hoc 2 mA mt chn. Ngi dng nn thng xuyn c data sheet v


thit b xem thng tin lu in ca h thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash.
5.11 VCAP/VDDCORE v ENVREG
Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c cc chn mi: VCAP/VDDCORE trn tt c cc thit b
v ENVREG trn cc thit b c t 44 chn tr ln. Mi chn ny thay cho mt trong
cc chn cng tng ng trong thit b PIC18 Flash. Xem phn B iu chnh in
th, VDDCORE/VCAP, thit b LF v F, mc VDD bit thm thng tin v vic s
dng cc chn ny v hiu ng ca chng trong chc nng thit b
5.12 B Nh Chng Trnh
5.12.1 ID thit b
cc thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash t chn, cc phn k hiu F v LF c cc ID
thit b khc nhau. Trong thit b PIC18 Flash, phn F v LF c cng ID thit b.
Xem Thit lp chnh xc chng trnh thit b v cng c phn mm bit thm
thng tin v cch thay i chng trnh v s dng cng c.
5.12.2 T cu hnh
Trong thit b PIC18 Flash, t cu hnh c t u a ch 300000h. a ch
ny nm trong khng gian b nh chng trnh ngi dng thng xuyn (xem Hnh 8
lm v d).
Trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, t cu hnh c t cui khng gian b nh
ngi dng (xem Hnh 21). Cc gi tr ny c copy mi ln reset t v tr b nh
chng trnh vo thanh ghi cu hnh. Khi copy xong, c ch ghi vo thanh ghi cu
hnh b ngt.
Nu bt c bit cu hnh no thay i trong b nh chng trnh trong lc hot
ng, chng s khng nh hng n khi thit b c reset. Sau khi thit b c
reset, t cu hnh s c copy li vo thanh ghi cu hnh.

54
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 22: S a ch t cu hnh flash PIC18

55
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 23: S a ch t cu hnh flash PIC18FXXJ


Cc ng dng s dng chc nng t ghi ca thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash nn c
xem xt ring theo t cu hnh. Trc khi xo khi khng gian b nh chng trnh
ngi dng cui cng, ng dng lu li t cu hnh v ghi li cc gi tr ny cng sm
cng tt. Trong trng hp reset sau khi xo khi b nh cui cng nhng trc khi
ghi li th thit lp cu hnh ca thit b c th b hng. Theo khuyn co, cc ng
dng dng chc nng t ghi trnh dng khi b nh cui cng trong phn thay i
m khi ng hay gi li mt bn copy t cu hnh vng sao lu ca b nh kim
nh chng trnh vo trong tnh hung him hoi ny, t cu hnh c th c khi
56
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

phc li. ng dng buc reset cn phi c trc khi thit b c th tng hp hot ng
ch hot ng khi phc li.
5.12.3 Cc chu trnh ghi
Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c tc chu trnh ghi thng thng thp hn Flash
ci tin thng dng trong a phn cc thit b PIC18 Flash. Hy xem data sheet v
thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash bit thm v s chu trnh ghi thng thng ca thit b
.
5.12.4 Kh nng ghi nh c tnh
Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c kh nng ghi nh c tnh yu hn so vi Flash ci
tin dng trong nhiu thit b PIC18 Flash. Gi tr ti thiu v thng dng ghi nh
c tnh c ghi trong data sheet v thit b ca h thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash.
5.12.5M phng t ghi v EEPROM
Khi chuyn sang ng dng t ghi sang thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, phi xem xt
mt s vn . Vn u tin l thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c khi xo ln hn a
phn thit b PIC18 Flash. Vic tng bn ghi cng i hi khi phc li ton b khi
sau khi xo.
Mt vn khc l khng nh cc thit b PIC18 Flash, mi khi ghi ch c th
ghi mt ln gia cc chu trnh xo. iu ny ngha l nu mt ng dng mun thay i
mt bit ca b nh chng trnh v 0 th n cn phi m ton b khi xo, xo b
nh v ghi li ton b b nh vi bit thay i. Nhiu thit b PIC18 Flash cho php
ghi nhiu bn cho mt khi gia cc ln xo, cho php ng dng ch copy khi cn
thay i, xo mt bit ri ghi li b nh. Vic xo bt buc, yu cu tng b m v
gim s chu trnh xo trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash lm cho vic m phng
EEPROM kh khn hn.
Trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash, thanh ghi gi t ghi khng t reset thnh
FFh sau khi ghi xong. Chng gi gi tr t khi lp trnh cui cng. iu ny c
dng vo cc ng dng c th ghi ton b khi vo b nh v gi phn d liu cn li
l FFh. m bo cc byte cn li chuyn thnh FFh th ng dng cn thc hin ch
th TBLWT cho cc byte cn li trong khi vi gi tr FFh.

57
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Bt c ng dng no t ghi hay m phng EEPROM trn thit b Flash


PIC18FXXJ phi bit s chu trnh ghi thng thng ca thit b (xem Chu trnh
ghi bit thm chi tit).
Vn c bit phi thc hin vi cc ng dng c chc nng t ghi trong khi
xo cui cng ca khng gian b nh ngi dng. Xem T cu hnh bit thm
chi tit.
5.12.6 Bo v m
Bo v m trong thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash c thc hin nh mt khi n.
Ton b b nh c bo v bi mt bit cu hnh. Ging nh (cc) bit bo v m
thit b trc, bit ny khng cho ghi v c t ngoi ti module lp trnh ni tip in-
circuit. Tuy nhin, bit bo v m khng gii hn chc nng c v ghi bng trong m
ng dng.
5.12.7 Vo ch lp trnh
Phng thc vo ch lp trnh ca thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash thay i.
Trc y, thit b PIC18 Flash da vo ngun 12V trn VPP/MCLR vo ch lp
trnh qua ch lp trnh in th cao hoc tn hiu mc cao trn PGM vo ch
lp trnh ngun n khi bit cu hnh c t chnh xc. thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash,
vo ch lp trnh bng cch trc ht nng v sau h ng reset xung. Khi
reset xong, mt chui c truyn ni tip vo cc chn lp trnh vo ch lp
trnh. Cui cng, ng MCLR c t li mc cao bt u lp trnh.
Hnh 24 trnh by v d vo ch lp trnh trn thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash. Xem
thng s k thut lp trnh thit b bit thng tin v yu cu thi gian v thit b
ring.

Hnh 24: Vo ch lp trnh/ thay i ca thit b flash PIC18FXXJ


58
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

5.13 Thit Lp Chnh Xc Cho Chng Trnh Thit B V Cng C Phn Mm


Phi ch khi dng bt c cng c lp trnh no cho thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash.
Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash khng th hot ng 12V trn Vpp/MCLR thng s
dng vo thit b trong ch lp trnh. Trc khi ni thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash
vi bng th hin hay ci n vo mt socket lp trnh:
1. Xc nhn rng bng s a ra mc in th chnh xc.
2. Xc nhn rng chn VDDCORE/VCAP c cu hnh ng nh c m t
trc trong phn B iu chnh in th, VDDCORE/VCAP, thit b LF v
F, mc VDD.
3. Xc nhn rng chng trnh v MPLAB IDE u chn thit b chnh xc.
Ni chng trnh vi my tnh v kim tra chng trnh c bt v kch hot
ng thit b trc khi ni chng trnh vi bng hay ci mt phn vo chng trnh.
Khng thc hin c iu ny c th lm hng phn .
chn ng thit b, vo tu chn thc n Configure trong MPLAB IDE ri
chn tu chn Select Device. T thc n ny, chn thit b chnh xc .
Ch : Vi thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash t chn, cc phn k hiu F v LF s
c lit k ring bit trong hp thoi Select Device. im ny khc bit vi thit b
PIC18 Flash, ch c phn k hiu F c lit k trong hp thoi Select Device.

Hnh 25: Chn thit b trong MPLAB- IDE


59
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

5.14 KHC BIT MODULE


Chun ho tng t/s
Mt thay i chc nng quan trng c thm vo thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash l
kh nng ngi dng c th chun ho b chuyn i tng t/s. Vic chuyn ho
ny s gip b li bt c phn offset no sinh ra trong module.
bt u chun ho, u tin t bit chun ho ADCAL trong thanh ghi
ADCON0 (xem Hnh 26). Khi t bit ADCAL, bt u chuyn i tng t/s bng
cch t bit GO/DONE. Vic chuyn i ny s khng c bt c mt chn u vo
tng t no. Qu trnh ny nn thc hin mi ln hot ng ca thit b thay i, v
d, dao ng k thay i, in th thay i, sau mi ln reset

Hnh 26: M rng n cc chn n thm vo bit chun ha A/D


5.15 TNG KT
Thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash cho nh thit k h thng nhiu tu chn v tnh linh hot
cao hn tho mn cc nhu cu v vi iu khin ca h. Nhng khc bit chnh trong ti
liu ny gip phn bit thit b PIC18FXXJ Flash vi thit b PIC18 Flash, cho php nh thit
k chn ng thit b cho ng dng ca mnh. Nh thit k nn xem xt nhng im khc bit
khi thit k v pht trin sn phm.

60
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

CHNG VI

NG H BO THC
6.1 Tm lc
Mc ch ca ta l thit k mt ng h bo thc tt hn vi cc c tnh u vit
m mi ngi thc s cm thy hu ch. Ta mun cung cp nhiu m bo thc cho
php ngi dng ti MP3 v ci nhng bi ht khc nhau ng vi nhng bo hiu khc
nhau. Ta cng thit k cung cp nhiu bo hiu, cho php mt bo hiu c th t
ch tt trong nhiu ngy vi thi gian ngn bin thin v c m bo thc t trc.
Cu hnh ny c thc hin ton b qua mt ng dng Java v t c cc lnh v d
liu u c gi qua giao din USB.
6.2 Ch th hot ng
ng h bo thc Spiffy c iu khin ch yu qua ng dng Java trn my
tnh c nhn ca ngi dng. ng dng ny l giao din ngi dng ho trn nn
Swing cho php s dng thi gian v ngy hin ti, hiu chnh 12 gi v thi gian
qun s, bo thc vi di ch thay i v m bo thc c ti qua USB vo ng
h bo thc. s dng ng h bo thc, cm ngun v cp USB vo v kim tra
xem ng h bt u m t 12 gi. Ti im ny, ng dng c th m v cu hnh/ti
c th bt u.
6.2.1 Ngy thng/thi gian hin ti
Theo mc nh, ngy thng/thi gian hin ti ca ng h bo thc c ng b
theo ng h h thng ca my tnh ngi dng. Nu khng thch th ngi dng c
th chn trn menu Time, tu chn Edit Date/Time chnh li phn ngy thng/thi
gian.

61
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hinh 27: Ngy thng / thi gian hin ti


6.2.2 Thi gian 12 gi hay thi gian qun s
Theo mc nh, ng h bo thc ch gi dng 12 gi nhng nu ngi dng
mun hin th kiu 24 gi/thi gian qun s th c th vo menu Time v chn tu
chn 12-hr/Military Time.

Hnh 28: Thi gian qun s

62
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

6.2.3 Bo thc
Ngi dng c th thm, chnh v xo bo thc qua menu Alarms. Thm hay
chnh bo thc th m phn chnh bo thc ra, cho ngi dng mt b cc nt th
hin ngy m bo thc cn tt i, vng th hin thi gian trong ngy m bo thc cn
tt i, di ch v danh sch cc m bo thc ngi dng c th chn cho bo thc.

Hnh29a: Bo thc

Hnh 29b: Bo thc

63
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

6.2.4 m bo thc
Ngi dng c th chnh cc khe m bo thc hin ti bng cch vo menu
Tones v chn Edit. Ngi dng s c mt hp thoi m file c th tm trong h
thng file v chn mt file MP3 mun ti vo ng h bo thc.

Hnh 30: m bo thc


6.2.5 ng b, ch v ngng bo thc
Khi ngi dng chn xong, c th ng b theo mun v ti bt c m bo
thc thay i bo vo ng h bo thc bng cch vo menu App v chn Sync. Ngoi
ra, khi bo thc c iu khin, ngi dng c th ch ch hau ngng bo thc
qua menu App.

64
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 31: ng b, ngng v ch bo thc


Chi tit v project

Hnh 32: Chi Tit Project

65
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

6.3 USB
PIC18F4550 c phn h tr tch hp cho USB 2.0, ngha l c b nh tch hp v
kh nng hot ng khng ng b truyn/ly d liu qua cc ng truyn d li
USB c D+ v D- c ch nh. Microchip cung cp firmware cho nhiu thit lp
USB gi l lp Thit b Giao din Ngi dng v Thit b Truyn thng. Firmware lp
Thit b Truyn thng c dng vi chc nng cn thit cu hnh v ti d liu
qua my tnh vo ng h bo thc. Firmware c cung cp km theo PIC18F4550
bn cng b sn phm demo Microchip, v vy ta b i nhiu m firmware hot
ng theo ng nh thit lp. Firmware CDC do Microchip cung cp lm vic vi
driver USB trn my host qua cng COM chun, m phng n chng trnh ng
dng. Microsoft tch hp driver ny trn Windows XP nn kh khn duy nht l file
.INF cha ID nh sn xut v ID sn phm ca ng h bo thc c ci t
my tnh bit s dng driver USB/ni tip khi cm thit b vo. Lp trnh thit b tng
i n gin, dng gi Javacomm do Sun cung cp cho kt ni ni tip trong Java. Ta
chn kt ni USB do s ph bin ca USB trong lnh vc tin hc hin nay v kh nng
truyn d liu tc cao, cho php ngi dng chon v ti m bo thc MP3 mi d
dng v nhanh. Theo vn v thi gian v phc tp, dng driver chuyn bit, y
cho Windows XP khng d dng v ta chn thay bng m phng USB/ni tip.
Nhc im l tc truyn ta dng khng tng ng vi USB nhng u im l
thc dng USB v tip tc pht trin l kh thi trong mt gi hai t, mt khung thi
gian nh k.
6.4 Lp trnh PIC
Vi iu khin PIC thc hin mt s tc v bao gm theo di ngy thng v thi
gian thc, iu khin vo/ra t kt ni USB v giao tip vi phn cng thit b
Compact Flash b m ho MP3. tt c cc hot ng chy mt cch trn tru th i
hi phi chia chc nng m cc tc v yu cu thnh cc phn nh c th thc
hin tun t bng mt vng lp chnh, do cho php tt c cc tc v ly thi gian b
x l theo nh k.
6.4.1 ng h
theo di ngy thng v thi gian thc, PIC dng ng h gn trong d theo
lung iu khin mt ngt c nhim v tng gi tr ngy thng/thi gian mt cch
chnh xc. Ngoi ra, khi ngt thy bt u mt pht mi, n kim tra bo thc xem c

66
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

cn kch hot cha. Nu c, mt c c t ln sau qua vng lp, chc nng hi


vng kim tra c kch hot bo thc s cho chy m bo thc chnh xc.
6.4.2 USB
Tc v USB dng thnh phn trng thi cho php lu li ng trng thi ca
n trong khi cc tc v khc vn chy. V d, t ngy thng/thi gian hin ti yu cu
gi lnh set t my tnh n ng h bo thc, thnh phn trng thi USB vo
trng thi ch lnh clk, ri li thay i trng thi ch mt s nht nh cc byte
cha d liu thi gian/ngy thng.
B m ho MP3 Compact Flash
Compact Flash c b iu khin gn trn mch nn d dng gi lnh mi thc
thi c lp vi PIC. V vy, trong vng lp chnh, nu bo thc c iu khin v v
vy m bo thc c bt th khi chc nng chy c gi t vng lp chnh xc nh
Compact Flash cn nhiu d liu hn, n pht lnh c ngn li trong khi CF c,
v vy cho php tc v chy nhanh chng kt thc hot ng lin tip, lp li. B m
ho MP3 i hi d liu phi c gi vo ni tip hot ng c chia nh ra
gi d liu thnh cc gi nh.
6.5 S dng Compact Flash
Ta chn s dng card Compact Flash (CF) lu tr d liu MP3. L do chnh
cho la chn ny l card CF c b iu khin ring gn cng khi kt ni ch cn gi
lnh v ch thc hin. Ta chn kt ni vi card CF dng ch Common Memory
lm vic vi giao din d liu 8 bit v v vy ta c th lu trn cc chn ca vi iu
khin PIC. Ta dng bng ngt CF c sn trong trang SparkFun.com.
D liu trn card CF c lu tr trn cc sector 512 byte v tt c cc sector
phi c vit thnh khi kch thc 512 byte. kt ni vi card CF, ta dng 3
ng a ch truy cp vo 8 thanh ghi. Cc thanh ghi ny c dng ti thng
tin a ch v gi lnh c v vit. Ta cng c th tn dng nhiu ng iu khin,
vic ny ch tn dng c nhng ng quan trng nht gm Reset, Ready, Write
Enable v Output Enable. Reset th d hiu, Ready l tn hiu t card bo hiu khi
bn, Write Enable vit vo thanh ghi a ch v Output Enable c t thanh ghi a ch.
Khi bt ng h bo thc, card CF c reset v sn sng nhn chp nhn tn hiu. C
m cung cp gi nhiu chc nng v thc hin nhng tc v phc tp nhng m
thc s dng trong thit b kh n gin. Khi cn chi mt bi ht th sector u tin

67
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

s c ti vo cc thanh ghi CF bng lnh CF_StartSectorRead(), n cng ti thanh


ghi iu khin bng lnh read. Sau sector u tin c copy t card vo b m
trn PIC, vic ny thc hin bng cch c thanh ghi 0 v cho php u ra xung mc
thp ri nng ln mc cao c ln lt 512 byte. sector k tip sn sng khi cn
thit, lnh CF_StartSectorRead() c gi li ti trc. Chc nng gi MP3 n
chip STA013 cng kim tra ht file sau khi ti mt sector mi, vic ny c thc
hin bng cch kim tra mt sector m tt c cc byte c gi tr 0xFF. Khi vit s bi
ht, trc tin phi xc nh sector bt u. Sau , cc byte c vit vo sector v
mi ln sector lp y, b m c vit vo card v n li c lp y li. Khi c
bi ht c vit, phn cn li ca sector c lp vi gi tr 0xFF v c vit,
sau cng vic cng c thc hin tng t trong sector k tip c t nht mt
sector y gi tr 0xFF khi kt thc bi ht.
Nhn chung, giao din CF rt c bn v d s dng. Qun l d liu trn mt b
m kch thc sector trn PIC v vit hay c vo card CF khin cho vic truy cp v
vit d liu rt d dng.
6.6 Chip b m ho MP3
Ta chn STA013 m ho MP3, thc s th c nhng phin bn mi hn ca
chip ny ph bin hn nhng ta khng ni n y. Chip ny c chn v d s
dng, tt c nhng vic cn lm ch n gin l gi vo mt file v n s quyt nh
tc bit v cc thng tin khc ri m ho phn d liu. Chip c sn b m trong v
nng tn hiu ln mc cao bo hiu cho PIC bit n c th nhn d liu. iu ny
khng cn nhiu iu kin cho vic bo hiu thi gian chnh xc t PIC, ch cn gi
y b m nu c th.

68
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hinh 33: B m ha MP3


Vic cu hnh chip STA013 c thc hin qua bus I2C, l bus chia s hai chiu
s dng n gin nh mt cng c cu hnh. Dng giao thc I2C, cc lnh c th c
vit vo chip v chip c thit lp chy file. Chip STA013 ta dng c file cu hnh
rt ln do STMicro cung cp, nhiu ngi cho rng l firmware cp nht cho chip
hot ng tt. File ny c khong 2000 bn ghi vo chip, u tin phi c gi
vo chip qua bus I2C, khi file c gi th cc lnh chnh xc phi c gi i
cu hnh chip trong mi trng ci t. Cu hnh gm cc chi tit nh tc xung v
thng tin giao din ni vo b chuyn i s - tng t. Thit lp chnh xc c th
thy trn data sheet ca chip ny. Khi chip c cu hnh, n phi c chuyn i
s dng v chy cc ch v sau n s sn sng nhn d liu MP3. Chip m
ho cng c nhiu tu chn tin tin gm tu chn EQ v thit lp dung lng, cho
php sa i m thanh d dng nhng khng c dng trong m hin ti. Cc thit
lp ny d thay i qua bus I2C.
D liu MP3 c gi n chip qua giao din SPI n gin. Giao din ny c hai
ng, mt cho ng h v mt cho d liu. ng d liu c t v xung ng h

69
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

c gi cho mi bit. D liu c gi tng byte mt n khi ng yu cu d liu


ca chip xung mc thp bo hiu b m y.
Vic kh nht khi s dng chip l thit lp mch khi to cho n v chnh tn
hiu 5V sang 3V do STA013 l chip 3V trong khi PIC ca ta l 5V. Mch khi to c
trong s , hiu in th c th iu chnh bng nhiu cch.
u tin, c mt mch n gin gm in tr v t in gia PIC v STA013, n
gim in th xung thp in th khng lm hng chip STA013. Kh nht l
ng d liu bus I2C. Cn thc hin c hai vic b chia gia cc chip khng hot
ng. L ra phi dng thnh phn ko 3V v PIC chnh tn hiu thnh High-Z n khi
n h tn hiu thp xung im khng m chn v in tr ko c st in th 3V.

Hnh 34a: :I2C bus data

Hnh 34b: Giao din 5 xung 3V mt chiu


cp ngun cho chip STA013 th phi dng mt b iu chnh in th thay
i c 317T, n cp ngun kh n nh ch vi mt chip v cc in tr v t in
kp gn ngoi. Data sheet ca chip ny c mch my pht dao ng tinh th c
dng cp xung nhng iu ny khng p ng c, v vy ta chuyn sang my
pht dao ng 10 MHz, gii quyt tt c cc vn v my pht dao ng.

70
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

6.7 B chuyn i s - tng t CS4334


y l mt b chuyn i s - tng t c bn. Giao din kh n gim do chip
h tr kt ni I2S v STA013 cng vy. Ngoi vic thit lp mch khi to, chip ch
cn cp ngun v c tn hiu chnh xc t STA013. StA013 phi thit lp chnh xc
theo cc thng s k thut ca b chuyn i s - tng t km theo v hot ng n
gin.
6.8 Mn hnh LED
hin th, ta s dng mn hnh 7 phn, khin cho ng h trng ging nh
ng h bo thc thng hn l ng h bo thc phc tp. iu ny hn ch ta ch
hin th thi gian v cc i tng khng phc tp hn nh ngy trong tun v ngy
thng nhng do thit lp bnh thng qua kt ni USB, khng phi l vn quan
trng.
ni mn hnh 7 on vo PIC, ta bit l cn phi dng cng t chn cng tt.
Quyt nh cui cng l dng bn thanh ghi dch 8 bit ni tip vo/song song ra c
th ti qua hai chn v c mt bit cho mi on. Do c b iu khin mn hnh 7 on,
tu chn ny rt n gin v t yu cu. Ta ch cn refresh li mn hnh bt c khi
no d liu hin th thay i, mt khc, c th gi nguyn v mn hnh s hin th thi
gian hin ti. Ni bn thanh ghi dch vo mt ng ni tip v dng chng iu
khin mn hnh rt n gin v hiu qu.

Hnh 35: Mn hnh LED

71
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

6.9 Kt lun
Ta thnh cng trong vic to ra mt ng h bo thc vi cc c tnh mong
mun. Dng ng thi cc chip tin dng, ni v lp trnh chng theo thit k ring
khng phi l cch d nht to ra mt ng h bo thc nh vy nh l c hi
ln hc hi.

72
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 36: S khi

73
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

Hnh 37: STA013

74
Nguyn Th Anh Khoa in T Vin Thng

TI LIU THAM KHO


1. Dng Minh Ch. S Chn Linh Kin Bn Dn. NXB KHKT. 2002
2. Ng Din Tp. Vi X L Trong o Lng V iu Khin. NXB KHKT.
10/08/2004
3. Ng Din Tp. Vi iu Khin Vi Lp Trnh C. NXB KHKT. 04/2006
4. Ng Din Tp. K Thut Vi iu Khin AVR

Mt S Trang Web:
http://dientuvietnam.net
http://picvietnam.com
http://www.piclist.com
http://www.tailieuvietnam.net
http://www.microchip.com

75

You might also like