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Chng 1: BIN I NG NHT

I. Bin i ng nht (2 tun)

1. Bin i nguyn

Bi 1. Cho a + b + c = 0. Chng minh rng

a) a3 + b 3 + c3 = 3abc

b) 2(a4+ b4+ c4) = (a2 + b2 + c2)2

Bi 2. Chng minh cc hng ng thc sau

a) (a2+b2)(c2+d2) = (ac+bd)2 +(ad-bc)2

b) a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)

Bi 3. Chng minh rng nu cc s a, b, c tha mn

4 4 2 2
a 4 b 4 a b c 4 d 4 c d th a2 b2 a b c2 d 2 c d

Bi 4. Cho a 3 3ab 2 19, b3 3a 2b 98 . Tnh P a 2 b2

Bi 5. (PTNK 2007 2008 AB) Cho a, b, l hai s tho mn iu kin

a 2 3ab 2b2 a b a 2 2ab b2 5a 7b 0 . Chng t rng ab 12a 15b 0
4
Bi 6. (PTNK 1999 2000 CT) Khai trin biu thc n 4 n 1 thnh dng 2K + 1 v
phn tch K thnh tch cc tha s.
Bi 7. (PTNK 1999 2000 CT)

a) Chng minh ng thc x y x y max x, y x, y R

a b a b 2 a b a b 2 1 1 1
b) Chng minh ng thc 4 max , ,
ab ab c ab ab c a b c
a, b, c 0

Trong max l k hiu s ln nht trong cc s i km

Bi 8. Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng n sao cho a thc x3n+1 + x2n + 1 chia ht cho a
thc x2 + x + 1.

2. Bin i hu t

Bi 9. Cho xyz = 1. Chng minh rng

1 1 1
1
1 x xy 1 y yz 1 z zx

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Bi 10.(PTCNK 2009 CT) Cho a, b, c, d l cc s thc tha mn iu kin:

a c ac
, a.c 0 . Chng minh rng: b2 d 2 .
b d 3b d

Bi 11 (PTNK 2002 CT) Cho cc s thc a, b, c tha mn iu kin

1 1 1
a b c
b c a

a) Cho a = 1, hy tm b, c.

b) Chng minh rng nu a, b, c i mt khc nhau th a2b2c2 = 1.

c) Chng minh rng nu a, b, c dng th a = b = c.

Bi 12

a) Cho a, b, c tho abc 0 v ab bc ca 0 . Tnh P

a b b c c a .
abc
b) Cho a, b, c tho a b b c c a 0 v
a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 c2
.
a b bc ca bc ca a b
Chng minh rng a = b= c.
1 1
Bi 13. Cho x > 0 tha iu kin x 2 2 7 . Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: A x 5 5 .
x x

x4 y 4 1
Bi 14. Cho a, b, x, y l cc s thc tha mn x 2 y 2 1 v . Chng
a b ab
x 2006 y 2006 2
minh rng 1003
1003 1003
.
a b a b

ac b2 bd c 2
Bi 15. Cho a, b, c tha b c v k.
a 2b c b 2c d

ad bc
Chng minh rng k .
abcd

Bi 16. Cho 3 s a, b, c i mt khc nhau v khc 0 tha iu kin: a + b + c = 0.

a b c b c c a a b
Chng minh rng 9
b c c a a b a b c

Bi 17. n gin biu thc

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1 1 1 1 1 1
3 3
3 4 2 2
5
a b a b a b a b a b a b

3. Bin i v t

Bi 18(PTNK 2005 CT) Cho a, b >0, c 0. Chng minh rng

1 1 1
0 ab ac bc
a b c

Bi 19. Chng minh cc ng thc sau:

a) 3 2 5 3 2 5 1
b) 3 20 3 2 3 25 3 3
534
1 32 34
c) 3 3 2 1 3
9 9 9

Bi 20.Chng minh rng cc s sau l s nguyn:

2 3 5 3 48
a) A
6 2

48 3 48
b) 3 1 1
9 9

a 1 1 2
Bi 21. Cho biu thc K :
a 1 a a a 1 a 1

a) Rt gn K.
b) Tnh gi tr ca K khi a 3 2 2 .
c) Tm gi tr ca a sao cho K < 0.
Bi 21. Cho biu thc

4 x 8x x 1 2
P :
2 x 4 x x2 x x

a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm gi tr ca x P = -1.

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c) Tm m vi gi tr x > 2 ta c m
x 3 P x 1.

d) Bi 22. Cho x l s nguyn. Chng minh rng nu x khng phi l s chnh phng
th x l s v t.
Bi 23. Cho biu thc

x4 x4 x4 x4
A
8 16
1 2
x x

Rt gn A ri tm gi tr nguyn x A c gi tr nguyn.

Bi 24. Chng minh rng s:

2 2 3 63 2 3

l mt nghim ca phng trnh x 4 16 x 2 32 0 .

Bi 25. Chng minh rng biu thc sau khng ph thuc vo gi tr ca x:

3
2 3 6 74 3 x
A x .
4
94 5 2 5 x

Bi 26. Tnh gi tr ca biu thc P x3 y 3 3 x y 2004 bit rng

x 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 ; y 3 17 12 2 3 17 12 2 .

Bi 27. Chng minh rng nu:

ax3 by 3 cz 3

1 1 1 th 3
ax 2 by 2 cz 2 3 a 3 b 3 c .
x y z 1

3
Bi 28. Chng minh rng nu a 3 b 3 c 3 a b c th vi mi s nguyn dng
n
l n ta c a n b n c n abc .

Bi 29. Cho xy 1 x 1 y a . Tnh S x

2 2
1 y 2 y 1 x2 .

Bi 30. Tm gi tr ca biu thc:

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1 ax 1 bx 1 2a b
a) a ) f x vi x .
1 ax 1 bx a b

x y 1 a 1 ab a
b) P x , y vi x ;y .
x y 1 ab 1 ab 1

a 1
Bi 31. Cho a > 0 v 4a 2 a 2 2 0 . Chng minh rng : 2
a a 1 a2
4

Bi 32. Cho biu thc A

x3 3x x 2 1 x2 4 2
. Rt gn A.
x3 3x x 2
1 x2 4 2

a 3 a 2 a a 1 1
Bi 33. Cho biu thc P :

a 2 a 1 a 1 a 1

a 1

a) Rt gn biu thc.
1 a 1
b) Tm a 1.
P 8

Ton suy lun. Ngi ta xp cc s 1, 2, 3, , 9 vo cc ca hnh vung 3 x 3

sao cho tng cc s trn mi hng, mi ct, mi ng cho u bng nhau

a) Hy tm mt cch xp nh vy.
b) Chng minh rng vi mi cch xp nh vy, s c xp trung tm ca hnh
vung lun c gi tr khng i.

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