Bai giang sé 12 PHEP TINH TICH PHAN VA UNG DUNG : Cae bai toan vé tich phan 1a mét trong nhimg bai ton Itic nao cing cé mat trong céc dé thi mén Todn vio cdc trudng Dai hoc va Cao ding trong nhiing nam gan day (2002 — 2009). Bai giang nay gidi thigu cac phuong phdp chinh aé tinh tich phan va tng dung cia tich phan dé tim dién tich hinh phang va thé tich cia khéi tron xoay. §1. CAC PHUONG PHAP TiNH TICH PHAN A. PHUONG PHAP SU DUNG BANG NGUYEN HAM Dé sit dung duge phyong phap nay ngoai vige sit dung thanh thao bang nguyén ham, con phai nim ving cae phép tinh vi phan va bién ddi thanh thao cac dng thirc vé phép tinh vi phan. Thi du 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D — 2009) EJ Tinh tich phan: 1 = ie ié oT. Thi dy 2: (Dé thi tu yén sinh Dai hoc khdi B - 2008) 4 sin x} Tinh tich phan: |= |———~-___»>____, ee Varaxeatiesimcoes) : x tacbt=—ef (sin pe acienss) 2 5 1+sin2x+2(sinx +cosx) +1 V2 4 (1+sinx + cosx) 1 \ Pe ae 3v2 V2 1+ sinx + cos x 1+¥2 2 4 217Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khoi A — 2006) sin 2xdx Voi +4sin? x Giai Nhan thay d(cos?x + 4sin’x) = (-2cosxsinx + 8sinxcosx)dx = 3sin2xdx. Tinh tich phan: I= ouala etl Vay I= = {{cos?x + 4sin? x) 1 +4sin? x)? |B of fg 1 : 7 Ph -2{ e402) 7 0 Thi du 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D — 2005) a 7 d(cos*x + 4sin’ x) ‘ Tinh tich phan: I= fe" +c0sx)cosdx . ° * = 2 2, Tacd: 1= fet cosa +5 Joss Joos2xdx 0 2 0 sf 3 1 |x t + inxl> , & 7 i. sinx) ieee wy sin2x|2 Se ag 0 0 Thi du 5: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B — 2003) 4 Tinh tich phan: 1= f 0 . z 4) a2 a Tae. i 2sin™ x peosends Tesin2x gI+sin2x tn 4a(tsin2s) I = I = ==In(14sin2x)/4 =—(In2-Inl)==In2. =i ano. a= dey eS Nhdn xét chung: Phuong phap ding bang nguyén ham thuc chat la m6t phép ddi bién va 1a mot _phép déi bién don gidn. Tuy nhién, ding phuong phap nay cé hai thuan loi: 218- Khéng can thyc hién cdc phép d6i cn khéng can thiét. - Cach trinh bay don gian. Xét thém cac thi du sau: Thi du 6: x 2.(sinx +cosx)dx Tinh tich phan: i=. 5 ¥sinx —cosx 3 Taco: 1= [(sinx -cosx) 3 d(sinx — cosx) ee Thi du 7: x 3 : Tinh tich phan: I= |-——— = I Zeal) +c0s?x 4 Giai Taco: = Li =f sinxdx -[— __tanxdx * cos*xcosx,|I + i eos*xV2 + tan? x 4 cos*x 4 x 1In ; : ree io 2 oy 1 (2+ tan? x}2 5 el 2 hepa | 3 5 seen x)? d(2+tan x) T : v5 -3 4 2 4 Nhén xét: Thi dy trén cho ta thay r6 tinh hiéu qua khi sir dung phwong phap bang nguyén ham. Thi du 8: Cho b>a>0, tinh tich phan: Jelena ay : Giai Taco: i= ferane )in(x +a) + (x+b)In(x+b) 5 (x +a)(x +b) 219dx 0 + lax fin( xiv? ac fin(x Lex? jet ea ? J = falin(x +a)In(x+b)] (Theo céng thire d(uv) = udv + vdu) 1 c+ finfx Lex? 0 - In(x+a)in(x+6)[?=In®.n(a +b). Nha Day la thi dy dep chimg t6 tinh higu qua cao cia vige sir dung phuong phap bang nguyén ham. xét: B. PHUONG PHAP DOI BIEN SO Di bién sé 1a mGt trong nhing phuong phap quan trong nhat dé tinh nguyén ham va tich phn. Trong myc nay chting tdi trinh bay cde phurong phap di bién sé thong dyng nhat: b Loai 1: Str dung céng thie: JeLots )Jur(x jo fe) Gia sit ta cdn tinh tich phan 1= jel) )dx . Néu bing cach nao dé ta viet duge a biéu thire dudi dau tich phan g(x)dx dudi dang. ; f[Lu(x Hor x)dx = f[u(x)]d(u( Khi dé ta cé: Fels) )dx = Troon. voi a= ula); B = u(b). a Vay bai toan quy vé vvige "tinh tich phan mdi nay don gian hon nhiéu so véi tich phan ban dau, Phép d4i bién & day Li t = u(x), va nh6 khi ddi bién thi phai déi can lay tich phan. Thi du 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hye khdi A — 2008) Tinh tich phan: 5 9082 jai Ta cé: z x x eC oa tan‘ xdx = jan xe(tans) xa(tan x) w § 6082x af tan ? x}oos*x o I+tan? x 220sin? x _ cos2x cos’x cos?x (do 1-+tan?x =1— Dt t= tan x (khi x = 0, thi t= 0, con khi x = z thit= Vay tir (1) ta cé: 3 8 8 ie | | _ 14 (t+I)-(t-1) dt Jf It : Vee dt dt (t+1) i “~ +fin(2+¥3). Nhén xét: Di nhién trong thi du nay ta ding phuong phap déi bién sé trong 8 344 2 eee : t'dt a : ee doan dau. Sau dé vige tinh tich phan: 1= f duge thy hién nh& phép tinh 1-t? 0 “thém bot” va str dung bing nguyén ham. Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B - 2004) “v4 3lnx Inxdx Tinh tich phan: I= ees : x : Taco: f I Dat t = In x (khi x = 1, thit=0; khix =e, thit=1, x “a ‘ Vit SIns nds _ "ie Sinx Inxa(Inx). 1 1 Tir (1) tacé: 1= fut43t.tdt 2) 0 Taco tir (2) i | a | 1 i! fi3t(1+3t—I)dt =1 f(r 3n2 as 30)-2 f(r e3q2 a(1+30) é 70 0 (2 ls +) 116 =2| 2s =| 135222 Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B - 2005) Tinh tich phan: x p= pun2xeosxe 2x cosxdx gl +e0sx Giai Tacé x x j= [en2xcosade 2xcosxdx _ py al 2cos? xd(cosx) 0 0 (1+cosx) (1+cosx) Dat t = cosx (khi x = 0, thit = 1; khix= $ thit= 0). Khi dé ta c6: I t t(1+t)—2(1+t)+2 1 pe at ~ Pe Aa frat - Fieas ve) 1 ev]! —2t ' Lain(1 +t) = 2In2- jo “jo 0 Thi du 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hgc khéi B- 2006) Ing dx S3e%42 ye Dat t = e* (khi x = In3, thi t= 3; khi x = In5, thi t = 5). Ta cé: ee _ ted (t- 2) at =3t+2 5 (t- Ht) Thi de 5: x s Tinh tich phan: [= fsin? x tan xdx . é G x © Taco 1= Join? xtanxdx = fu? x—— a i sinx nfl o 0 Dat t= cosx (khi x = 0, thi t= 1; khi x qd) 1 I dt aeVay I= 2 Loai 2: Déi bién khi ham du6i dau tich phan chita biéu tha dang 9/f(x) . Trong nhiéu trudng hop (chit khong phai tat c& cdc trudng hgp) ta co thé ding phép ddi bién sau day: Day Li mt trong ahiing phép bién ddi thong dung hay gap. Thi du 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hye khdi A - 2004) + xdx Tinh tich phan: [= |——=—— pl+vx-1- Datt= Vx—I(khix =I, thit=0; khi x = 2, thit=1), Taco t?=x—1 => 2tdt=dx. Vay ne +1)2tat Pe 4 =2t? -2t+4—-—— , nén tir (1) tacd it a) l+t 1=2[Pa-2 fae fe e oot aaina. Thi du 2: (Dé nit tuyén sinh Dai hoe ani B-2004) pelsinen xdx x Tinh tich phan: 1 = 1 Datt= V1+3inx (khix=l >t 2 3d: Tacé: t' = 1+ 3Inx => 2tdt=—-=> c 1; khix=3 => t=2) ax _ tat co Vay te FF 2 2 jta—joa- is Chi y: Cac ban hay so sanh v6i cach giai cing ctia thi du nay trinh bay trong thi dy 2, logi 1 phan B (phwong phap 44i bién s6). Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi A - 2005) x 24(t2 ‘sin 2x + sinx Tinh tich phan: i x. 0 +3cosx 223Dat t= V1+3cosx (khix=0 > t= 1+3cosx => 2tdt =—3sinxdx skhix= 2 = t=1) 2 Taco t” ws 1 (2e0sx+1) 5 if 34 Vit3cosx 33 27° Thi du 4: 3-2Inx Tinh tich phan: 1 = dx p aa x irains Gidi batt= V142Inx (khix =I thi Shine oE thit= v2). I+ 2Inx => tdt= a Vay ta co: x A3-(2- 2 8 FE aeafa fen Ry Thi du 5: _ a xdx \aaonn Git Bod(xt4t) 4 at (Jeera) 2i(esiy Tinh tich phan: 1 = - Tacé t= j——___ = 8 (dtr +1) (dat tt = Vx? +1) Datu= Vt (khit=1 => u=1:t=4 => u=2), Taco uw =t => dt=2udu. Vay tir (1) ta cé: 4 2udu p= fe) 7d(1+u)) FF, ssF=— | —_ ie =In(1+ DF a) 24 =i 2 3.1 In=-=. ZO. 1 |2 +—[= ut+l Nhan xét: Trong thi du trén ta str dung nhiéu phutong phap dé tinh tich phan I (bang nguyén ham, ddi bién sé loai 1, loai . Loai 3: x? hoac bién khi ham duéi dau tich phan cé dang (@ +x?) hode Vx 224— Khi biéu thite dudi dau tich phan cé chita biéu thite duéi dang ho&c Vx? —a? néi chung ta sé Le kh khan néu sir dung phuong phap déi bién ndi trong loai 2 (dat t = vx? hofic t= Va? — x? ). V6i tich a nay ngudi ta déi bién nhu sau: + Néu biéu thite dui déu tich phan cé dang Va? -x? ta liay dat x = asint hodc x = acost. +Néu a thire dudi dau tich phan co chtra biéu thite dudi dang hay dat x = *— hoaex= sint cost . - Khi biéu thite dudi dau tich phan c6 chita biéu thie dudi dang (a+x°) ta hay dat: x =tant hode x = cott. Thi du 1: (Trich trong dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B - 2002) a Tinh tich phan: 1= [ V16-xdx. 0 Dat x = dsint (khi x = 0 thi t=0, khi x= V8 thit= 7 ) => dx = 4costdt. x t 4 —— 4 Tacé: I= [¥16-16sin? t-4costdt = [l6cost|cost dt 4 i x =8 [2cos? dt (vi khiost st thi cost >0) é x fk 4 x =8](ecosaae= 8 fat +8 Preosdt =2n+4sin2t/4 =20+4. 0 0 0 Nhein xét: 8 1/ Trong qua trinh giai dé thi bat buéc phai tinh tich phan I = f V16-x?dx. i) 2/ Mac dau ham duéi dau tich phan cé chita cin thire, nén néu ta bién ddi gidng trong loai 2: t= Va? —x? thi chiic chin sé gap rac réi (cde ban thir Lam xem va gidi thich vi sao lai nhur vay). Day chinh la thi du chimg t6 rang khong phai etr thay F(x) 1a thye hign phép di bién sé t= /F( 225226 Thi du 2: Tinh tich phan: [= A . x | Dat x = 3sint, voit -si5]- wix= svt [23] Khix= meced thit=—2, khix= 2 3 thit= 2 4 2 ala Ta c6: dx = 3costdt, va vi thé Thi du 3: & dx Tinh tich phan: |= f a= Waxvx? -9 / patx= wit (02) cost 2 1 (khi x = 3V2 = cost = = t="; cénkhix=6 => cost= b=5t=%), 4 2 3 3sin i ne i Tacé dx = = ce 3 9 *cos"t. 9 4 cost \ cos’ Thi du 4: Tinh tich phan: T= Dat x = tant voit € 5 ot=2) 3z oe dt * oe Ta cé: dx = = feostdt= sint cost Loai 4: Déi bién khi biéu thite dui dau tich phan cé chita ham sé long gidc. Cac phép bién déi throng ding véi tich phin nay 1a dat t = sinx, hoac t=cos x; t= tan x, hodc t = cot x. Thi du 1 (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi A- 2009) x = Tloos’s a Voos*xdx 7 0 Tinh tich phan: x a ri : - Ta 6 1= [(cos*x -I}co Joos*xdx — feos?xdx (i) 0 o 0 a : ® x ee Fad 12, zap 1+ sok 1 T Dé thay: feos*xdx = jes dks fax 2 2 feosenex 7 ® é 3 j 1 # Mat khde: Teos! xdx = Joo xcosxdx ) o Do do dat t = sin x, ta cé dt = cos xdx va tir (3) ta c6: x a 1 Joostxas= flea far-2 fears fetar=—& 4) cos® xdx = ) aia os ¢ 0 0 Thay (2) (4) vao (1) ta cé: oe oo sa _ Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoe khoi B- 2005) 8 x coeeeaae i‘ a 2sin x cos xdx Tinh tich phan: |= [752 XSOSXCX QI +eosx Dat t = cosx (khi dé néux=0 > t= 5 => t=0) x Ta cé: dt =—sinxdx. Khi dé P= [eae xdx (2 poe j ireosx dist. dist = 2In2 -- 1. (tinh nhu trong thé du 3, loai 1, myc B). 227Loai 5: Mét sé phuong phap déi bién dac biét dé tinh tich phan: Trong myc nay chiing t6i gidi thigu vai phép d6i bién dic bigt (khong thing dung) dé tinh tich phan véi muc dich 4é céc ban tham khao thém, Dang 1: Déi bién x = +t Phép déi bién nay ding khi: a : 1/ Tinh phan can tinh co dang: ff(s)ax, trong dé f(x) 14 ham s6 chin hoae “a le trén [-a; a] 4 £(x)da he 2/ Tich phan cé dang: Fee. trong dé f(x) 1a ham so chan trén [~a;a] va lek k>0. Khi dé ta tach tich phan thanh 2 phan: tira dén 0 va tir 0 dén a. V6i tich phan thuéc phan thir nhat dat x =. Thi du I: [n(x vives. -1 Tinh tich phan: Taco: ie [n(x Vie? )as = Joo(x- Vine Jac fin(x+ Vives ) 0 Dat x =-t, khi do 0 0 fin(x+ Vie? at = fin( Jive : q i Thay (2) vao (1) ta 66: 1=0. Chi: Him dudi dau tich phan fx) =In(x-+ V+ *) la ham Ié trén [11]. Thi du 2 Jae foes rae =f let Vive ft 2) ae Tinh tich phan: 1= [> oF ce Git oo 26 Tacé: 1= [28% FEM, (ay AC ee 0 ,6, 0 16 1,6 It patx=-tvacd [2% (Lo. ee. Q) jltre 3. tole! leet x°(1+e*) Thay (2) vao (1), vac: = fax = fxSdx = (2) vao (1), RS ie x= fs k= ee 228Dang 2: Phép thay biénx=a-t Phép déi bién nay thudng ding 48 tinh cdc tinh phan c6 cén trén 1a a, ham dudi dau tich phan chia cae biéu thite long gide va cde biéu thire nay lién quan dén can trén a (theo nghia chung cé mdi lién hé cia cac ham Iuong gidc cha cac géc lién quan dac biét). Vi thé céc tich phan nay thudng 06 can trén La 7 2K Tye Vi cc tich phan nay, sau khi bién adi x = a-t sé din dén viée gidi phuong trinh don gian ma an s6 6 day Ia tich phan I can tinh. Thi dy 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding Sw pham Ha Noi - 2004) Sinan and = dx jas jin? 93204, Tinh tich phan: Giai Dat x= p45 dx = ~dt ta cd: ' o cost cos™t + sin™ t X t 2g jn 2004, 2004 2 S x + cos n Tir do suy ra: 21= *dx = [dx==. [ee x +6087, 5 2 z Vay l= — : ae Thi du 2: Qn Tinh tich phan: [ xcos? xdx. 0 Dat x = 2-t => cosx = —cost va dx = -dt. Ta 6: l=~ Flora) —Jlor-nfoorrja 0 =2n feos *tdt-I= l= Joe tdt (1) Qn Bai toan quyvé tinh = “feos. Dé thay x "Foose =0 0 (gidi nhw thi du 1, loai 4, muc B). Tir (1) suy ra I=0. Nhdn xét: Ta c6 thé giai lai bai toan trén bang cach sir dung tich phan timg phan bang cach dat u = x; du = cos’xdx. 229C. PHUONG PHAP TiCH PHAN TUNG PHAN Phuong phap tich phan ting phan ciing la m6t trong cdc phuong phap co ban nhat dé tinh tich phan. Can nhan manh ring cac bai toan str dung tich phan timg phan dé tinh tich phan nhiéu lan xuat hién trong cac dé thi tuyén sinh vao Dai hoc va Cao dang trong nhiing nam gan day. Loai 1: Cac dang todn co ban ciia phép lay tich phan timg phan.” Can nhdn manh rang cdc dang toan nay chiém trén 90% cdc bai toan str dung phuong phap tich phan timg phan dé tinh tich phan trong céc dé thi tir 2002 dén 2009 (va 100% trong cac dé thi tuyén sinh mén Toan vao cdc trudng Dai hoc khdi A,B, D trong nhiing nam Dy Co 4 dang toan chinh: 1. V6i tich phan dang: [P(seax hoe i x)sin kxdx; JPtsjco 6 a day p(x) 1a da thite thi dat u = P(x) ; dv = edx. (hose dv = sinkxd, w) b 2/ Voi tich phan dang fP(x)in* xdx (co thé 4p dung voi mot s6 trudng hop a cé tich phan dang: RS X dx), 6 day P(x) [a da thite thi dit u = In'x, dv = P(@x)dx mG ‘) dx (hoae dv = P(x) ). b b 3/ Vi tich phan dang: fe sinaxdx hoge fe cosBxdx , a a thi dat u =e! , dv=sin adx (hode dv = cos Bdx) hodc u = sin ax (hodc u=cos Bx), dv =edx Thi dy 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khdi B— 2009) Tinh tich phan: T= fe e +1 In Ti 1=3| 1 or + fs . Fd (x +1) Dé tha ay 2 8 thy: FS =f @) i(x+1) Dat u=Inx => du= ts dx. = (x+1) x41 dv= 230Theo céng thire tich phan timg phan, ta cd: =Inx 3 ¥ - S(x4l)- = 3 _-inx +f Ce pod x els x el x(a x(a) 4 x+i]l 4in3 —In3 wn . =—2.__ = 16 , 3 4 4 GB) Bein Thay (2) va (3) vao (1) ta c6: 1 = Thi dy 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khdi D — 2008) 2 Tinh tich phan: 1 = [PEax. x Giai Taditu=inx => du= 2S; y= a x x Ox ‘ -In2 1 |2_3-2In2 Vay +f x+3)-(-x2 44x -3 ax Se ene iy +43) ( ) 8 axl 16 Thi du 3: (Dé thi tuyén sink Dai hoc khéi D - 2007) Tinh tich phan: I= {x? In? xdx . Datu=in'x => du=2ixdx fords ‘ e -3 mas Lai datu=Inx > — 16 4 e ¢ 4 lz Inxdx =+x4 nx] —+ fadx =+et | (2) ; 4 le 4 IGF 616 4 Se" — 2) va va cé: 1=> Thay (2) vio (1) vite: T= 5 Thi du 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khédi D — 2006) i Tinh tich phan: 1 = f(x -2)e"dx.. 0232 Datu=x-2 > du=dx; v= fet ax=fe Lo 1 5~3e? Tacé: 1=4(x-2)e™ —1 fetax = (2? +2)-4e ones 2 0 23 2 4 (0 -4 Thi du $: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi D - 2004) - Tinh tich phan: I= fln(x? -x)dx. 2 Giai 2 2x-1 Datu = Ine») = du = = cduiv= fax =x. eo 32x -241 = | dx =3In6-2In2- aE 3 X(x-1) i 7 - 3 = In54—2 [dx - 18 yt ate -2. xo ie - Tir d6: 1=xin(x? -x)p 2 Thi du 6: L fe Tinh tich phan: I= fx?e* dx. 0 a 5: Wax? Uh a? 1 le. nina five a(x?)= oe (dl) Dé dang tinh duge fe ‘dt = 1, vay I — Thi dy 7: = 2 Tinh tich phan: 1= Je?cos3xdx . 0 Dat u=e™ => du =2e™dx; v = oosaxix= + sin3x. 7 1 oe ee Ta 6: I= —e?* sin 3x2 ~~ fe? sin 3xdx = -—e* ~ = [e®® sin3xdx . (1) 3 3 eo lO 0 0 Lai dat u=e => du 2e*dx;v= fin3xdx= + cos3x.x 2 = Vithé: fe? sin3xdx = 1 .2%cos3x|3 +2 fe**cos3xdx at431. (2) i 3° 3 1 ‘at 3 a Thay (2) vao (1) tacé: I}=-~e*-=--I > = | ay (2) vao (1) ta 06: oe Chi y: Néu sau khi c6 (1) ta ding phép tich phan ting phan Lin thir hai nh sau: Dat u=sin3x => du=3cos3xdx; v= fe”*dx = 3 : x x x 2 2, Khidd [2?*sin3xdx =—e* sin3x|? -= fe**cos3xdx = 0 0 mies x3 -<1.6 aS G) 0 Thay (3) vao (1), va ¢6 : ape enet al © 1=1.(4) (4) ¢6 nghfa la ta gap hign tong “xoay vong” tire 1a sau mot loat phép ton — ta quay lai dau bai. Do dé ta chua giai quyét duge bai toan. Khi 4p dung phyong phap tinh tich phan tig phan tir hai bude tré 1én, néu khéng can than sé gp “hién tugng xoay vong” va can phai tranh no. Loai 2: Phuong phap tich phan ting phan véi cdc dang tich phan khac. Dé sit dyng c6 higu qua phuong phép tinh tich phan ting phan khi tinh tich phan, didu quan trong nhat lam sao chon ham u mét cach thich hop. Phép chon ham u phai dam bao duge hai diéu sau day: 1/ Dé dang tinh duge fvdu. 2/ Théng thudng khi sir dung céng thire tich phan tig phan dé tinh tich phan, ta déu phai trai qua nhiéu bude. Vi vay ham u cdn chon sao cho trong cde bude tiép theo sir dung céng thuic tich phan, thi vige tinh [vdu phai ngay cng don gian di. Thi du I: (Bé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding Giao théng - 2004) oe Tinh tich phan: I= [** as : 0(x+2) Giai Dat u=x’e* aa = LL. x+ oF x+2 Theo céng thite tinh tich phan ae shin tacd: “25h «fe dx =e% + free. () 233a Dé thay (xem loai I, tich phan timg phan), tacé [xe*dx =e?+ 1. (2) 0 Thay (2) vio (1), vacé1=1. Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao déng Swe pham khéi A - 2004) x 4 Tinh tich phan: 1= fx tan? xdx 0 Dat u=x => du=dx; v= ftan? xdx= (ee a _ cos’x Theo c6ng thire tich phan tig phan, ta cd: R x a 4, l=x(t dx + [xdx ="{1-2)_ (sinxdx x(tanx—x)/4- fiers r+ fr x *( 0 0 2 44 2 n 2 <8 falco) (cosx) _ Sie a 8 432° 3 cosx 4 32 a 832 2 Thi du 3: i Tinh tich phan: 1 = [-— as a(l+x*) |__|; 1 Tao eal fe og grants] 2In2-1 8 234§2. MOT SO UNG DUNG CUA TICH PHAN A. TINH DIEN TICH HINH PHANG - Din tich hinh phing xdc dinh boi duéng congy = f(x). + Cho hinh pang gidi han béi cae duéng y= F(x).y=0 x=a,x=b (a 0) x= Ohode x =5. Cho hinh phang gidi han bai: { 235Ta co: [| x +3)-(x? -4x +3) |dx s= fi 3)-(x? -4x +3) Ja Yex+3 +f +3)-(-x? +4x~3) dx «for9-(o —4x +3) ax (-*? +5x)dx+ fe ~3x+6)dx i oe fe +5x)dx= "(ava fa Thi du 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc khéi B- 2002) . : Ba x’ Tim dign tich hinh phing gigi han béi cde duong: y = = phing g rong: y mr Giai y20 a 1 isa . tan Vay 48 ti tia n6 a ita ten ota elip + © =. = Dé thdy y =—*— 1a parabol, nén ta o6 hinh vé sau: Y Yaa lp Hoanh d6 cia giao diém A, B m cua phuong trinh: 4 7 x?dx Q) 2 0 Theo thi du 1, loai 3, myc B, ta cd: 22 4 f V16-x2dx = 2044. Tir dé tir(1) suy ra S= ant (avdt) 0 236°Vé phac hinh trén co dang sau: 8 Bang cac xét cdc phurong trinh: vazex=2; va2ox=2; x x 2 X sf ex=%2 va 4 x 4 x Ta suy ra c6 3 giao diém A, B, C voi hoanh 49 giao diém lan lugt li: 3/252; 9/32 . Dé thay: 2 i S= iG -2\tn+ (2-3) % x glx 4 Cae tich phan trén déu tinh durge mot cach dé dang va ta sé co: s=8iny4+2InV4 = Pinacave, Loai 2: Cac bai toan tinh dign tich hinh phing ma vige vé hinh kh6 thye hign. Véi cée bai todn loai nay chua thé nhgn ra ngay khi nao f(x) > g(x) (hoe f(x) < e(x)). Vi thé cdch t5t nhat khi tinh dign tich $ la str dung cng thite: b S= fif(x)idx, a va xi li theo cach tinh tich phan trong trudng hop ham dudi dau tich phan c6 chtra dau gia tri tuyét doi. b Dang 1: B8 sung vé tinh tich phan dang: Jif @)lax. a Khi giai cdc loai bai tap nay trude hét phai tién hanh xét dau dé pha di cc dau gid trj tuyét d6i (kién thie hay ding nhat la sir dung dinh li vé dau cia tam thite bac hai, nhj thirc bat nhat va sir dung dung tron don vi dé xét dau cde ham Iurong gic). Thi dy 1: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Dai hoc, Cao ding khdi D - 2003) be Tinh tich phan: I= fl x” -x}ix 0 : : Giai Ta cé bang xét dau sau: x 0 1 2 z xx - + Y ok =x{ x-x xx UY 237Tir bang xét dau trén, tacé: I= [x= *Vdx + (x? -x}dx=1. 0 A Thi du 2: 1 Tinh tich phan: I= fYI=sin 2xdx.. : 0 Tacé: t= f 1-cos{ $2 “es few) ($-x}m Q 2 = sAfin( ne] ae 0 x “4 Dua vao duong tron don vj ta cé ngay: sint <0 khi Her OkNi 0- x=Ovax=I, Tir dé dién tich S can tim duge tinh theo céng thire: s= fl +e°)x=(I4e)x]dy = fale ~efdx (1) Khi0 x = 1 (do x>0) e Vay V = x fx? In? xdx . (1) 1 € Tich phan x fx? In? xdx duge tinh theo céng thite tich phan timg phan loai 1. i Bing phép tinh tuong ty nhw trong thi dy 3, loai 1, phan C, oS x 2 Vay tir (1) suy ra v= 22 To 3-2 tacé: fx? In? xdx = dvtt). a ct Jr? in? xax Sp (ute Thidu2: Cho hinh phing $ gidi han béi cée go ye =x Tim : By =x yer vay. thé tich V khi dem hinh S quay quanh truc Ox. i Gi Dé thdy cdc giao diem A, B tuong ting céhoanh dS x=3vax=9. Goi Vi, V2, Vs tuong tng 1a thé tich cia cdc vat thé sinh béi khi dem eungOA, AB va OB quay quanh Ox. Khi dé ta c6: 239eo. 2 fea a VevitVi-vaen) (xtc (22) ax— (35) ax | 228 (any é 27 240 an é BAI TAP TU GIAI : Str dung phuong phap bang nguyén ham, tinh cac tich phan sau: Bai 1 (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding su pham Quéng Ngai ~ 2006) 2 oe Tinh tich phan: 1 = pase ds Dap sé: 2. } 1+cosx Bai 2: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao déng Kinh té Tai chinh - 2005) Tinh tich phan: t= { ac Dap sé: 4, o(x+l)P 8 Bai 3: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding Nong lim) Uy ae Tinh tich phan: 1= fx? + Idx. Dép sé: = 0 Bai 4: (Dé thi tuyén sinh Cao ding ¥ té - 2006) sinx — ee peed: Tinh tich phan: Dap sé: —In2. : Se Vivsinax 39 Bai: 8 eXdx £ Tinh tich phan: 1= f=. Dap sé: 2-1. 9 (e* +1) Bai 6: = - Tinh tich phan: |= [-S'%°X_ sina git 3cosx Bai 7: : 2e Tinh tich phan: 1 = Dap sb: In. _ ‘ J . l+e gite Sir dung phép di bién, tich céc tich phan sau: Bai 8: 0 Tinh tich phan: 1= [x¥/x-+ldx. -Bai 9: Ing 42x Tinh tich phan: | = J = Dap sé: 20 mn2 Ve* ~1 4 Bai 10: A : 2 Tinh tich phan: 1= [1 ~cos*x sin xcos* dx. Dip sé: zZ. 0 Bai 1: | 2, Tinh tich phan: {= f{—*%__ a dixtiVerl Bai 12: In2 Tinh tich phan: 1= { Ye*—Idx. bap sb: 4=® cdl 0 Bai 13: Tinh tich phan: 1 = f- XS dx. JTreos'x Huong dan: Dat x = n-t. Bai 14: 1 6 Tinh tich phan: I = fe (I-x?) dx 3 Huong dén: Dit t = 1x’. Dap sé: TH Str dung phép tich phan timg phan tinh cdc tich phan sau: Bai 17: La 2, 7 Tinh tich phan: I= [eS sin 2xdx. Dap s6: 2. 0 Bai 18: 4 25,1 Tinh tich phan: = fx? In xdx . Dap sé: =e +—. : 9 9 Bai 19: 7 Tinh tich phan: I= Tost sinzat. Dép sé: Fel. 241Bai 20: 2 In(1+> Tinh tich phan: |= fillets. i. Str dung cdc phép thé dac biét tinh cdc tich phan sau: Dap sé: 3in2—SIn3 Bai 21: Tinh tich phan: Lit 7 x: Dap sé: ©. o4tx 8 Bai 22: 8 Tinh tich phan:1= f ie dx. x i Dip sé: in(2+V3)( 2-1} +22 io a Bai 23: eee e | xdx Tinh tich phan: 1= [=——. pxtex? +l Bai 24: 2 a Paes Tinh tich phan: t= [ — Dap sé: === 0 Bai 25: 5 Tinh tich phan: 1 = f@ x+2|-|x-2))dx. Dip so: 8. 3 Bai 26: _ Tim dign tich hinh phang gidi han béi parabol (P): y = x" + 4x + 5 va hai tiép tuyén cia (P) tai diém A (1; 2); B(4;5) nam trén (P) Dap sé: ; (dvdt). Bai 27: i Tinh dién tich hinh phang gidi han bai cae dong y = sin)x| va y= |x = Dap so: 4+ 1° (dvdt). Bai28: i : Cho hinh phing tao boi hai duéng y = 2x-x’ va y = 0. Tim thé tich vat thé khi dem hinh phang quay quanh truc Ox. Dap sé: in (avtt). 242