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User Note:
The requirements of this document are mandatory. Non-compliance shall only be
authorised by the Document Owner or his Delegate through STEP-OUT approval.
A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before
making reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any
hard copy, or electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document
Custodian or the Document Controller.
Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing
constructive feedback.
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I Document Authorisation
Document Authorisation
Document Authority Document Custodian Document
(CFDH) Controller
Saif Al Sumry
UIE, Infrastructure Power
System
department manager
(Corporate Functional Said Al Shuely,
Discipline Head-Electrical) UIE/06
Date: Date: Date:
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ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document.
Details of all revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
VersionNo. Date Author Scope / Remarks
Version 2.0 Feb 00 Ali Al Raisi, Converted to Specification as per PDO
OIE/23 Policy Cascade.
Version 3.0 Oct 02 Said Al Shuely, a) Fibre Optic cable included in design.
OIE/23 b) Insulators revised to Silicon Rubber.
c. Stout Poles provided for Single/Twin
ELM OHL.
d) Design Requirements revised.
e) Shape factor of 1.0 is specified for ELM
conductor.
f) Cross arm fixing location modified/
g) OHL specified for road crossings.
h) Issued for Harweel Cluster
Infrastructure Development Project.
Version 4.0 May 04 Said Al Shuely, i) Specified 900N/m² wind force
TTE/22 j) Specified STOUT or higher class
poles for ALL structures except
guard pole structures.
k) Silicon rubber insulators with
required strength based on Specified
Mechanical Load (SML).
l) Factors of Safety revised.
m) Defined Contractors responsibility
for design of complete line.
n) Provided information for the
analysis of X-braced, H-structures
o) Cross Bracing details revised.
p) Revised structures.
q) Defined minimum and maximum
weight spans.
r) Conductor pre-tensioning and Sag
verification data added
s) Revised Fibre Optic Cable location
on pole and revised attachment
methods.
t) Added Stucture Calculations and revised
Appendix A through F.
Version 5.0 Dec 07 Said Al Shuley, Generally updated.The Standard becomes
UIE/06 SP-1102A (SP-1102B is introduced for
33kV lines on Concrete Poles).
Version 6.0 April 08 Said Al Shuely u) SP-1102B Concrete Poles introduced
UIE/6 for Single ELM/WILLOW OHL.
Contents
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1. Introduction.........................................................................9
1.1. Purpose................................................................................9
1.2. Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes.................9
1.2.1. PDO standards.............................................................................10
1.2.2. SIOP/SIEP standards...................................................................10
1.2.3. International standards.................................................................12
2. Scope...................................................................................14
2.1. General Design Criteria........................................................14
2.1.1. Environmental and General Parameters.....................................15
2.1.2. Safety factors..............................................................................16
2.1.3. Basic Span..................................................................................18
2.1.4. Wind Span...................................................................................18
2.1.5. Weight Span .....................................18
2.1.6. Line Routing................................................................................19
2.1.7. Line Parameters..........................................................................19
2.1.8. Spacing.......................................................................................21
2.1.9. Clearance from Airstrips & Helicopter Landing Pads..................21
2.1.10. Clearance from Parallel Pipelines..............................................21
2.1.11. Clearance between the Line Conductor and the FO cable.........24
2.1.12. Location of Pole Mounted Auto – Reclosers..............................24
2.1.13. Deliverables By Contractor.........................................................24
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APPENDICES
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Appendix C1: 33kV Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM ……………..76
without Fibre Optic Cable on Intermediate Single Pole Structure
Appendix G: Aerodrome……………………………………………………… 98
SP User-Comment Form...................................................................110
Supporting Documents:
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1. INTRODUCTION
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PURPOSE
PDO STANDARDS
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IEC 60120 Dimension of Ball and Socket couplings of String Insulator Units
IEC 60433 Characteristics of String Insulator Units of the Long Rod Type
IEC 60815 Guide for selection of Insulators in respect of polluted conditions Version: 6.0
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IEC 60826 Loading and Strength of Overhead Transmission linesEffective: May-08
IEC 61089 Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors
IEC 61109 Composite Insulators for Overhead Lines
IEC 60104 Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy wire for OHTL
Amdt.1 1997 Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded
IEC 61089: 1997
conductors
BS-EN-ISO-1461 Specification for Hot Dip Galvanising of structural steel
Specification for Hot Dip Galvanised Coatings on Iron and
BS 729
SteelArticles
BS 3436 Specification for ingot zinc
Specification for Insulator and Conductor fittings for overhead
BS 3288 1-4
power lines
BS 4102 Barbed Wire
Steel Wire & Wire Products. Non-ferrous Metallic on Steel Wire.
BS EN 10244-2
Zinc or Zinc alloy coatings
Conductors for overhead lines – Round wire concentric lay stranded
BS EN 50182:2001
conductors. (see below)
ANSI C2-2002 National Electrical Safety Code
ANSI / ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures
ASCE No. 74 Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading
IEEE 524: 1992 Guide to Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors
IEEE Standard for the calculation of current temperature
IEEE 738
relationship of bare overhead conductors
IEEE 1048 IEEE Guide for protective grounding of power lines
EN 50182:2001-12 Overhead lines of round concentric stranded conductors
EN 62305:2006-10 Protection against flash light
DIN EN ISO Steels for reinforcement and prestressing of concrete
15630:2002-04
EN 12843:2004-11 Precast concrete parts – Poles (CE European Conformity Mark)
EN 13369:2004-09 General provisions for precast concrete units
EN 50341-1 Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45 kV: General
requirements – Common specifications
DIN EN 50341-3-4: Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45 kV
2002-03
EN 50423:2005-05 Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 1 kV up to and including
AC 45 kV
ISO 4017:2000-11 Hexagon screw
ISO 4032 Hexagon nut
and ISO 4035:2000-11
DIN EN ISO Washer
7089:2000-11
EN ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties of fastener
1999-11
EN 10056:1998-11 Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles
EN 10025-2:2005-04 Hot rolled products of structural steel
EN 10027:2005-11 Designation systems for steel
EN ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties of fasteners
1999-11
BS EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2. Dimensioning and construction of reinforced concrete
Page 11
2004-12 and prestressed concrete framing – General Dimensioning
SP-1102B: Specification for Design of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles Printed 20-04-2008
provisions and rules governing construction
DIN V ENV 1992-1-
The controlled version ofEurocode 2. Planning
this CMF Document ofinreinforced
resides online concrete
Livelink®. Printed copies areand prestressed
UNCONTROLLED.
2: 1997-05 concrete framing – Part 1-2: General Provisions; Dimensioning of
framing in case of fire; German Version ENV 1992-1-1:1995
Framing made of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed
DIN 1045-1: 2001-07 concrete Part 1: Dimensioning and Construction
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
If the Contractor has any doubt concerning the applicable specification for a
particular project, he shall bring the concern or question to the attention of the
Company for clarification or resolution. The Company's decision shall be final
and binding.
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In case of queries concerning the pole, the procedures required for its handling
or its mounting and fittings, the manufacturer itself can be directly consulted
by the Contractor.
2. SCOPE
GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA
The information provided herein shall cover the majority of the design
problems encountered by the transmission-line design engineer. However, it is
not possible to cover all contingencies. The design engineer must have the
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knowledge, professional ability, skills and initiative to recognise and deal with
special applications and conditions.
The Contractor shall by all means remain responsible for the overall design,
construction and performance of the complete transmission line.
This design standard and the standard structures are based on relatively flat
terrain and generally long, straight-line sections. The Contractor must have the
knowledge, technical ability and experience to propose design changes for
varying conditions. The Contractor shall be responsible for proposing design
modifications during line design for hilly terrain, line routes that are not
straight, sand dunes and poor soil conditions or any other deviation from basic
design conditions.
In order to avoid cascade failure due to high wind, the line design shall
observe the requirement to have a maximum section length of 2000m.
The Contractor shall call to the attention of PDO any errors, omissions and/or
conflicts between drawings for resolution.
The Contractor shall utilise an industry recognised and accepted Sag and
Tension Calculation Program such as "SAG 10" or "PLS-CADD" or “Sag
Tensions CADtenary”, or an approved equivalent.
Standard overhead line structures and associated foundation, together with all
required accessories, are detailed in the Standard Drawings contained in SP-
1105, Group-2. Applicable Standard Drawings are listed under appendix-H of
this standard.
Table G1
Nominal system voltage 33 kV
System frequency 50 Hz
Maximum system voltage 36 kV
Power frequency withstand voltage (1 70 kV (rms)
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minute)
Lightning impulse withstand voltage 170 kV (Peak)
System fault level at rated voltage (3 25kA / 3 Sec
phase symmetrical)
Minimum creepage distance for 1440mm
insulators
Wind pressure (velocity) under 39 N/m2 (at 8 m/s)
everyday conditions
Max. wind pressure (velocity), q 900 N/m2 (at 38.34m/s)
Maximum wind gust, v 38.34 m/s
Minimum conductor temperature 5° C
Everyday conductor temperature 35°C
Maximum conductor temperature 80° C (for continuous current
rating)
Maximum conductor temperature 90° C (for sag/tension calculations
and short time current rating)
Force coefficient for prestressed spun 0.7
concrete poles
Force coefficient for insulators 1.0
Force coefficient for ELM conductors 1.1
Force coefficient for Willow conductors 1.3
Force coefficient for fibre-optic cable 1.3
Shape factor for ELM / Willow 1.0
conductors
Shape factor for ADSS fibre-optic cable 1.0
Shape factor for cylindrical objects 1.0
Table S1
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Note:
1. Allowable safe bearing capacity of soil shall be as recommended in the
soil investigation report. In the absence of any recommendations, a factor
of 3.0 shall be applied to the maximum bearing capacities calculated in
such reports.
2. The standard 33-kV foundation drawings indicate the values of safe
bearing capacities for the most common types of soil encountered in PDO
service territory.
3. The safety factors indicated are minimums that must be maintained but
may be exceeded. They shall be rechecked with the actual manufacturer’s
recommendation for the project, and increased when mutually agreed by
PDO, the Consultant, and the Contractor.
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The pole strength is the determining factor in deciding the wind span;
however, the cross arm shall be designed so as not to be the limiting factor on
the maximum wind span and conductor spacing.
Please refer to Appendix B for formulae for wind span calculations for single
pole structures.
Weight span 1, the minimum weight span, and the corresponding sag are used
to determine uplift conditions at each structure location.
Weight span 2, the maximum weight span, and the corresponding sag are used
to determine the total weight of conductor supported at each structure location.
Pole column loading and cross-arm loading shall be checked using the
maximum weight span.
Section pole structures shall be installed at the ends of each section length and
shall be suitable to withstand forces associated with broken conductor
conditions on either side of the structure.
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deviations of more than 5 degrees in the line route are required, the proper
angle structure shall be selected.
Line angle is not allowed for intermediate poles with ELM Conductor and a
wind span of more than 80m and for WILLOW Conductor with a wind span of
more than 100m.
Please consult Appendix A1 for load figures with admissible tension forces
for Angle/Section and Terminal poles.
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Minimum ground
clearance to
finished road level
for minor road
crossings
For Conductor 12.85m 12.85 m 12.85 m
For FO Cable NA 11.85 m NA
Positive sequence 0.339 0.339Ω /k 0.369
reactance per km Ω /km m Ω /km
of the line con-
ductor per phase
2.1.8 SPACING
Please consult Clause 4.2 and Table 1 of SP 1127, Layout of Plant
Equipment and Facilities, for spacing requirements between overhead lines,
equipment, and facilities.
Any line designed to pass within a 4.6 km radius from the centre of airstrips
or helicopter-landing pads shall meet the requirements of the relevant
authorities. On the approach and take-off directions, the restriction extends
up to 15 km from the centre of the runway.
The “obstacles” within this area are determined according to the height of the
structure. The criteria for evaluating an “obstacle” are detailed in procedures
set down in Air Navigation Services- Aircraft Operation
(PANS-OPS doc. 8168)'.
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Under fault conditions in the most severe cases and if no protective measures
taken voltages on influenced pipelines can reach magnitude between several
hundred volts and a few kilovolts.
In normal operation, influences are normally much lower, but nevertheless
safety problems can be created.
Capacitive coupling
Only aerial pipelines situated in the proximity of aerial high voltage lines are
subjected to the capacitive influence of the conductors.
Power frequency voltages can appear between the pipelines and earth when the
pipeline is insulated from the earth, their magnitudes depend mainly on the
voltage level of the line, on the distance between power line, pipeline and on
the power line operating conditions (normal operations or faults).
Metallic pipelines are most often buried and therefore protected from any
capacitive coupling effects.
Inductive coupling
Parallel routing of high-voltage overhead lines induces voltages in pipelines in
steady- state and in fault conditions, which, if not restricted, can have the
following effects:
• Dangers to personnel coming in contact with the pipelines (touch and step
voltages)
• Damages to the pipeline coating
• The danger that cathodic protection may become inoperative.
a) Separation distance
b) Line current
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Table P1
Parallel Run Minimum separation between 33-kV line and pipe must be
maintained
Up to 4.5 km 500 metres
4.5 km to 6.5 km 1 km
6.5 km to 10 km 1.75 km
For parallel routing more than 10 km and/or with higher fault currents, specific
case studies must be conducted to determine the separation required. If the
induced voltage / time limitations cannot be met, additional safe working
practices and precautionary measures shall be applied to protect personnel
when working on exposed conductive parts of the pipeline and associated
components.
Precautionary measures shall include, but shall not necessarily be limited to,
low resistance pipe coating, earthing (grounding) mats near the pipelines, and
suitable layers of crushed rock / limestone on the surface near the pipes for
persons to stand and work. Further advice may be obtained from CFDH –
Electrical.
In case the above mentioned separation between the power line and pipeline
cannot be achieved then the pipeline department shall make his own study and
implement the required pipeline protection, the installation shall comply with
safety regulations, i.e. the pipeline cathodic protection shall be designed for a
higher current.
Conductive coupling
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A fraction of earth potential rise is than applied to the metallic pipeline and
can be transferred by the pipeline to a remote pipeline access point or cathodic
protection system. It may create touch and step voltage, which may be applied,
to workers touching the pipeline at access points or standing nearby such
point.
In the case of proximity between a pipeline and transmission line tower,
mitigation of conductive coupling effects may be achieved by reducing the
earth potential rise at pipeline location, increasing the pipeline coating
dielectric withstand, etc. In any case for crossing the OHL with pipeline the
following is recommended:
- minimum distance of 50 m have to be provided between line tower and
pipeline
- recommended crossing angle between HV line and pipeline have to be
more than 45°.
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The Contractor shall submit all required stringing sag and tension data and the
completed Plan and Profile Drawings for review by PDO as a part of the
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Vertical loading: the weights of insulators cross arms, and all other
fittings and the actual dead weight of the line conductors, based on the
maximum weight span specified.
For intermediate poles with ELM Conductor and more than 80m wind
span, a line angle is not allowed. Intermediate structures for single
ELM are single-pole structures.
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being stressed beyond their design loads. The proposed methods shall
be provided to PDO sufficiently in advance so that approvals can be
obtained from the Company before any stringing work commences.
2.3.1 CONDUCTORS
Line conductors shall comply with IEC 61089 and EN50182. Only ELM and
WILLOW AAAC conductors shall be used. If any other conductors are to be
used prior written approval shall be obtained from the Company.
Table C1
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2.3.1.3. MATERIALS
Aluminium alloy wire shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60104.
The copper content shall not exceed 0.05%.
2.3.1.4. WORKMANSHIP
Precautions shall be taken during the manufacturing, storage and delivery of
conductors to prevent contamination by copper or other materials, which may
adversely, affect the aluminium or aluminium alloy.
Where permitted in IEC 61089 for aluminium or aluminium alloy wires the
preferred method of jointing single wires is cold pressure welding.
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In the event of any machinery being used for conductor manufacturing being
used for materials other than aluminium, galvanised or aluminium clad steel,
the manufacturers shall furnish to PDO with a certificate stating that the
machinery has been thoroughly cleaned before use on aluminium, aluminium
alloy, galvanised or aluminium clad steel wire and that the conductor is free
from contamination.
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The conductors / FOC on the overhead lines shall be tensioned to meet the sag
requirements. Stringing Sag and Tension Tables for initial conditions are
provided for various ruling spans in Appendix B2.
Due to creepage, the sag of the line conductors increases with time. This shall
be taken into account when plotting the ground clearance profiles.
Line conductors shall be pre-tensioned prior to permanently making off.
This ensures that the conductors are properly bedded down and eliminates a
portion of the creep (approximately 0.3 m).
A creep allowance of 0.3 m for the remaining portion of the creep shall be
added to the sag at maximum line conductor temperature of 90° C to produce
sag and tension charts for a range of equivalent spans for the entire life of the
overhead line. At the time of installation of the line, the total clearance shall be
inclusive of this creep and the minimum clearance required.
Conductors shall be pre-tensioned in each line section between dead ends after
the conductor has been brought up to initial stringing sag and tension and the
sag has been verified by PDO and recorded. The conductor position at the
dead ends at each end of the line section shall be marked. The conductor shall
be tensioned to 125% of the initial stringing tension or 80% of the initial sag
and held at this sag and tension for one (1) hour and 20 minutes. After one (1)
hour and 20 minutes, the conductor shall be returned to the initial position
marked at the dead ends and the sag rechecked and recorded. All recorded sags
and the difference between the initial sag and the sag after pre-tensioning shall
be provided to PDO.
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Conductor sagging shall be measured and analysed with sighting boards and
sighting levels. Sag shall be measured and adjusted at the low point of the
conductor in the span.
The actual sag of the installed conductors shall not depart by more than minus
4% from the stipulated sag, as shown in the stringing. For single conductor
lines, the sag of one line conductor shall not depart more than 100 mm from
the sag of the other line conductors in a single span.
When required by the Company, the Contractor shall provide all assistance
necessary to allow the Company to verify that sags and tensions are within the
tolerances specified above. Such verification shall be carried out at selected
points along the route of the line, as requested by the Company.
Clearance between conductors and the ground, and between jumper
conductors and the structure, shall be checked after conductor installation is
complete and sag has been verified. The Contractor shall keep records of all
sagging activities, including the mean actual sag of the line conductors, the
date of stringing, and the ambient-air and conductor tension for each line
section. Records shall be kept on Form No. 20 from SP-1100. These records
shall be turned over to the Company at the conclusion of line installation.
Only aerial All Dielectric Short Span (ADSS) Fibre Optic (FO) cable shall be
used. The parameters of the FO cable shall be as specified below (Table D1).
Table D1
Type All Dielectric short span
(ADSS)
Overall diameter 15.0 mm
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FO cable shall be installed at the locations shown on the concrete pole above
ground on the General Arrangement Drawing for each type of structure for
single ELM conductor.
In case the specification of FO cable to be procured is different from that
shown above, allowable conductor wind/weight span, normal span and fixing
height of the fibre optic cable may differ.
The cable design may consist of several different functional cable components.
A single physical component may represent two or more functional
components. The design shall contain the following functional cable
components:
− Optical fibres
All fibres shall be of single mode type and shall comply with the
requirements of BS EN 188000 or ITU-T G.652, IEC 60793 and IEEE
Std1138 and the requirements detailed below.
The fibres shall be designated to operate at 1310 and 1550 nm wavelength
and shall provide low dispersion values for the entire bandwidth above the
cut off wavelengths of the cabled fibres.
Fibres shall be laid loose and equally distributed into buffer tubes made of
silicone resin and filled with jelly compound. The fibres shall be
manufactured from high-grade silica and dropped as necessary to provide
the required transmission performance.
The chemical composition of the fibres shall be specifically designed to
minimise the effect of hydrogen on the transmission properties.
The fibre primary coating shall consist in an inert material which can be
readily removed for jointing purposes without damage to the fibre and
without necessitating the use of hazardous chemicals.
The secondary coating may be applied directly over the primary coating or
alternatively a loose-jacket may be provided. Where a tight fitting
secondary coating is provided it should consist of an inert material.
The secondary coating or loose tube shall be colour coded throughout the
length of the cable. If not part of the material of the secondary coating, the
colour coding shall be fast and capable of withstanding normal handling
during termination.
The fibre coating shall be translucent such that fibre splicing technique,
using optical alignment of cores by means of injection and detection of
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light through the cladding shall be supported. In addition, the fibre coating
shall be optically matched to the cladding to promote cladding mode
stripping.
− Optical cable core. Individual optical fibres or groups of fibres shall be
contained in a loose tubes. These tubes shall form the fibres' secondary
protection (the coating being the primary protection).
The optical cable core design shall be based upon the helical stranded
loose tube principles (no ribbon). This means that the cable design shall
provide a strain and contraction margin.
The strain and contraction margins shall protect the fibres adequately from
mechanical stress during manufacturing, installation and the service life.
Longitudinal water penetration of the optical cable core shall be prevented
by a water blocking.
The optical cable core shall protect the fibres from environmental and
electrical stresses.
Materials used within the core shall be compatible with one another, shall
not degrade under the electrical stress and shall not evolve hydrogen
sufficient to degrade the optical performance of the fibres.
− Moisture barrier. To prevent dirt and moisture penetration which could
adversely affect optical and mechanical properties, the fibres shall be
provided with an effective water screen.
2.3.3 INSULATORS
General
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Post insulators shall be of silicon rubber material complying with the latest
revision of IEC 61109 and/or ANSI C29.11 standards. They shall be used as
intermediate support insulators at voltages up to and including 36 kV.
Tension insulators shall be of silicon rubber material complying with the latest
revision of IEC 61109 and/or ANSI C29.11 standards.
Design
The insulator shall be made from two insulating parts equipped with metal
fittings. The internal insulating part namely "core" will be designed and
manufactured from Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer rod. The specified
creepage distance is provided with an external insulating part, namely
"housing" (sleeve with weathersheds), and will be manufactured from silicone
rubber. The content of silicone shall be at least 30% of the rubber mass, after
adding the fillers.
The core shall be made of electrical grade epoxy and boron-free ECR glass
fibres. The insulator core shall be mechanically sound, free from voids, foreign
substances and manufacturing flaws. Also the design shall be such as to ensure
that the core is totally encapsulated and fully sealed from the live to the
earthed ends, by the insulating material from the environment, in order to
avoid moisture ingress.
Alternatively, E core material could be proposed if the design is proven by
applicable type tests and if supported by an adequate track record of successful
experience in service.
The housing and weathersheds shall be made of Silicone Rubber material in
order to maintain their hydrophobicity during long term service in critical
environments. It shall be applied to a subassembly of the core and metal-
fittings using a process of high pressure, high-temperature injection mould up.
The material for housing and weathersheds shall be of grey colour and bird
repellent.
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The insulator shall be capable of high pressure live line washing. A high
pressure wash test shall be preformed on polymer insulators to demonstrate
that the units can be power washed.
This test shall be a water spray at a shed seam approximately 3m from the
insulators. The spray shall be a solid stream through a ¼ inch diameter nozzle
at 550 psi for a period of ten minutes.
For washing a whole insulator, or 10 seconds for one point insulator surface
there shall be no signs of water entering through or under the outside
weathershed into the core or between sleeve and weathersheds or at the
polymer hardware interface into the core.
The end fittings shall be made of ductile cast iron, or forged steel, or malleable
cast iron all hot-dip galvanised. The minimum thickness of the coating of the
steel or iron fittings will be 126 micron (900g/m²). The end fittings shall be
attached to insure a uniform distribution of the mechanical load to the rod.
Any member that is machined, bent or worked in manner after galvanising
shall be regalvanised. The zinc coating shall adhere tightly to the surface of the
base metal. The zinc-coated parts shall be free from uncoated spots. The
coating shall be free from blisters, flux, black spots, dross, tear drop edges,
flaking zinc, rough appearance and in general shall be smooth, clean and
unscarred when received.
Test Requirements
Design Tests on silicone rubber insulator units should have been previously
undertaken in full accordance with the requirements of IEC 61109 including
the ageing tests under operating voltage and simulated weather conditions for
duration of 5000h.
These tests should have been certified by an independent quality assurance
organisation, and the test certificates made available to PDO for approval.
The Contractor shall give PDO the requisite period of notice prior to
undertaking the test, and submit to PDO for approval a test programme and
procedures.
Routine tests
Tests made on all production insulators and/or their individual components to
demonstrate their integrity. In general they shall be performed according to
IEC 61109, chapter 8.
Sample tests
Tests made on samples of completed insulators and/or their individual
components to verify that product meet the design specifications. In general
they shall be performed according to IEC 61109, chapter 7.
Type tests
Tests required to be made before supplying a type of insulator covered by this
Specification in order to demonstrate satisfactory performance characteristics
to meet the intended application and specified conditions. In general they shall
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The insulator profile shall be selected to suit the site conditions; e.g., air foil profile in
a desert environment.
The creepage distance for all types of insulators shall be 40 mm/kV at the highest
system voltage of 36 kV = 1440 mm.
Tension Insulators:
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2.3.4.1 General
Fittings shall comply with EN 50341-1 and BS 3288 and shall be suitable for
live line working. Suspension and tension clamps shall be as light as possible
and shall be of aluminium. All clamps shall be designed to avoid any
possibility of deforming the stranded conductors and separating the individual
strands.
The design of fittings shall avoid welds. The fittings shall be designed for
short circuit currents as per the system parameters without exceeding a
temperature that would damage the conductor or the fitting. Arcing horns are
required to protect the insulator from power arcs. The coupling between
fittings shall be such that point and line contacts are avoided. The design shall
avoid sharp corners and projections.
Bolts and nuts shall be locked in an approved manner. Bolt threads shall be
coated with approved grease immediately before tightening-down at erection.
Split pins for securing attachment of fittings of insulator sets shall be of
stainless steel and shall be backed by washers of approved size and gauge. All
insulator strings shall be attached to cross arms by means of shackles. Hooks
shall not be used. Conductor counterweights shall be provided for suspension
insulator sets supporting jumpers, in order that satisfactory electrical
clearances are maintained under all service conditions.
All fittings shall be stored on suitable skids above the ground or at a suitable
place to avoid mud embedment during rain. Dirty fittings shall be cleaned
prior to installation.
The minimum thickness of the coating of the steel or iron fittings will be 126
micron (900g/m²). The end fittings shall be attached to insure a uniform
distribution of the mechanical load to the rod. Any member that is machined,
bent or worked in manner after galvanising shall be regalvanized. The zinc
coating shall adhere tightly to the surface of the base metal. The zinc-coated
parts shall be free from uncoated spots. The coating shall be free from blisters,
flux, black spots, dross, tear drop edges, flaking zinc, rough appearance and in
general shall be smooth, clean and unscarred when received
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The design of all compression fittings shall be such that only one pair of dies
each is necessary for compression of all the aluminium sleeves provided for
each type of conductor. The company Representative shall approve all jointing
sleeves. Tension joints shall be of the compression type and shall be made so
as not to permit slipping or cause damage to or failure of the complete
conductor at a load less than 95% of the ultimate strength of the conductor.
All aluminium compression type clamps and joints shall be of aluminium of a
purity of not less than 99.5%. Non-ferrous alloys shall be such as to withstand
atmospheric conditions without the requirement for painting or other
protection.The contractor shall submit certificates of analysis for the various
parts.
The design of joints and clamps, and of any special tools to be used in their
assembly, shall be such as to reduce to a minimum the possibility of faulty
assembly. All external nuts shall be locked in an approved manner.
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SUPPORTS
2.3.5.1 General
The supports are prestressed spun concrete poles. However, where it is not
possible to use concrete poles or at special location such as difficult to access
mountains steel poles or lattice steel towers can be used. Contractor shall
verify the use of steel line supports on an economic basis after satisfying the
technical design parameters and obtain written approval from PDO for each
instance.
Design of steel line supports shall be proof tested at an approved full scale
testing station. Concrete poles are produced according the European Standards
EN 13369:2004 (Common rules for precast concrete products) and EN
12843:2004 (Precast concrete products - Masts and Poles). The Contractor
shall witness all routine tests, on concrete poles, in accordance with the above
Standards prior to shipping.
Steel poles and towers should comply with EN 50341-1, DIN EN 50341-3-4
and DIN 18800 respectively & manufacturers’ standards.
Lattice steel towers shall be designed in accordance with EN 50341-1, DIN
EN 50341-3-4 and DIN 18800 respectively.
Supports shall be designed for the following conditions, taking into account
the specified factors of safety:
• Intermediate straight line supports (including small deviations up to
approximately 5° maximum, see 2.1.6 and 2.1.7),
• deviations greater than 5° and up to and including 90°
• line terminals at the required approach angle
• Special conditions, e.g. abnormally long spans or supports including switches,
fuses, cable terminations, tees, etc.
• Structures for switchrack
• Structures for auto-recloser.
All poles shall be unstayed. H-frame structures shall only be used for special
constructions (e.g. 18m terminal structures).
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Intermediate
The detailed pole parameters are defined in the drawings STD 4-1601,
STD 4-1602, STD 4-1603
1.3. Cement
The technical accepted cement category is ≥ CE 42, 5
1.4. Aggregates
The aggregate material will have maximum grain of 12mm (1/2 inch).
1.5. Additives
Additives should be according the specification of Rules of Concrete
Technology. The use of CaCl2 or any other additive, which can cause
corrosion to the reinforcement, is forbidden.
1.6. Concrete
The category of concrete must be ≥ C55/67. Minimum quantity of cement is ≥
400kg/m3.
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The resistance in compression for test specimen 28 days must meet the
requirements for C55/67 and the tensile strength through bending should not
be less than 3,0 N/mm2.
1.8. Earthing
For the earthing, two stainless steel nuts of size M12 will be connected to the
longitude reinforcement. The nut shall be visible at the pole surface. Note:
The earthing cable will be fixed with a bolt which is screwed in this nut.
1.12. Tolerance
• The tolerance of the total length of the pole shall be : -2cm up to +5cm
• The tolerance of the outer diameter of the poles, as per given in table II
paragraph 5.3.1 will be: -1% up to +2%
• The tolerance between the openings will be : +/- 2mm
• The tolerance of distance between the first opening from the top of the pole
will be: +/- 2cm
• The tolerance of the nut angle (earthing) towards the beginning of the opening
will be: +/-15o
• The tolerance of distance between the grounding bolt from the top of the pole
will be: +/-1cm
• The tolerance for temperatures during the accelerating curing will be: +/- 3oC
1.13. Pole Dimensioning
The study of strength as well as the analytical structural drawings of poles will be
producer’s responsibility.
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2.3.5.5 IDENTIFICATIONS
Each pole shall have a unique identification number and a name plate with
information about the pole type, length, strength and weight, year of
production, producer and country of origin. Poles without a name plate will
not be accepted.
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For the section of line feeding to single beam pump installation, cable
protection by providing rod- gaps (refer STD 4 1252 001) is acceptable.
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Steel shall be free from blisters, scale, or other defects. High-tensile steel
stored prior to fabrication and galvanising shall be marked continuously
throughout its length with a light blue water-paint line.
In addition, the grade number of the steel shall be painted on the components
and ringed with paint. The quality of finished steel shall be in accordance with
BS EN 10163.
Unless otherwise specified, the following grades of steel shall be applicable:
a) For barbed wire: Mild Steel shall be of minimum grade S235JR
b) Other parts: High Tensile Steel shall be of minimum grade S355JR for
section less than 20mm thick and S355JO for section greater or equal to
20mm thick.
Hot rolled steel plates shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS EN
10029.
The ultimate design stress in tensile members shall not exceed the yield
strength of the material. The ultimate stress in the compression members shall
not exceed a figure obtained from an approved formula based on the yield
strength.
The cross-arm tips of 33kV tension cross arms shall be arranged such that two
holes for the attachment of conductor erection and maintenance tackle are
provided adjacent to each hole for tension-set shackles. The length of angle
support cross arms must be such as to ensure that the distances between
conductors at straight-line structures are maintained in a plane normal to the
conductors.
All steelwork shall be stored on suitable skids or battens above the ground or
at a suitable place to avoid contamination with mud during rain. Dirty
steelwork shall be cleaned prior to installation.
2.3.10 Galvanizing
Unless otherwise specified after completion of all fabrication processes
(including all drilling, punching, stamping, cutting, bending and welding)
tower steelwork, including nuts, bolts and washers shall be hot-dip galvanized
and tested in accordance with the requirements of BS 729 (heavy galvanizing
shall be applied) and BS-EN-ISO-1461 respectively.
Electro-galvanizing is not an acceptable alternative.
The minimum average coating thickness shall be as specified in Table T5.
Excessively thick or brittle coatings due to high levels of silicon or phosphorus
in the steel, which may result in an increased risk of coating damage and/or
other features that make the final product non-fit-for-purpose shall be cause for
rejection. The ingot zinc used for galvanizing shall comply with the
requirements of BS 3436.
All materials prior to galvanizing shall be free from oil, grease or any
substance, which may adversely affect the quality of finish.
The preparation for galvanizing and the galvanizing itself shall not adversely
affect the mechanical properties of the coated materials.
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Table T5:
(Values 1.-3. for galvanizing acc. to BS 729, Value 4. acc. to BS-EN-ISO-1461)
1Steel articles, 5mm thick and over [g/m²] (µ m) 900 (126)
.
4Threaded works and other articles which are centrifuged [g/m²] (µ m) 395 (55)
.
The warning devices shall be of fibreglass or other suitable material that will
not deform or deteriorate under the climatic conditions in the Sultanate of
Oman. These shall be 600 mm in diameter and coloured International Orange.
The conductor clamps on the devices shall be such that they will not damage
the conductor.
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900N/m 2
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900N/m 2
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900N/m 2
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Load figures for spun concrete pole type Angle / Section (A/S)
Note: valid for single ELM, maximum windload 900N/m² at minimum temperature 5°C.
The table shows admissible tension for each conductor type ELM in kN at 5°C in still air.
The admissible working load of spun concrete pole type A/S is 15kN.
35m 35m
Angle 35m 50m 60m 80m 100m
Case Load figure + 75m + 50m
α [°] span span span span span
span* span*
3x ELM 3x ELM
α = 180° 170
5,0 / 5,0 /
5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
Also see cases 5 and 6. 5,0 5,0
5,0 / 5,0 /
160 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 3,7
5,0 5,0
1,9 / 1,9 /
150 5,0 4,1 3,4 2,8 2,3
3,1 4,0
1,9 / 1,9 /
140 3,6 2,7 2,3 2,0 1,7
2,6 3,3
2
1,5 / 1,5 /
130 2,6 2,1 1,9 1,7 -
2,3 2,7
1,5 / 1,5 /
symmetric span lengths 120 2,1 1,9 1,7 - -
2,0 2,4
span span 1,5 /
110 - 1,9 1,65 1,55 - -
2,2
1,5 /
100 - 1,65 1,5 - - -
2,0
3x ELM 3x ELM
α 1,5 /
90 - 1,5 1,4 - - -
1,8
asymmetric span lengths
3x ELM 3x ELM
3x ELM 3x ELM 160 - - 2,0 2,0 1,9 1,75 1,65
α
3x ELM
4 * Different values for tension in
smaller span / longer span.
Case 2 can be determining for 140 - - 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,0
3x ELM
smaller span (not case 5),
also see cases 5 and 6.
3x ELM 3x ELM
5 - - - 1,9 1,7 1,7 1,6 -
α
used assee
Also small terminal
cases 2, 5 and 6.
3x ELM
6 - - - 2,25 2,25 2,25 2,25 2,25
For example: road crossing
short term load 3x ELM
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3x ELM 3x ELM
160 - - 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9
3x ELM 3x ELM
α 3x ELM
4
3x ELM
6 For example: road crossing - - - 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
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LEGEND
q = wind pressure (N/m²)
A = exposed area (m²)
H = height above ground level (m)
F = force (N)
Fequivalent = Equivalent force at 0.15 m from the top of the pole
Bm = Bending moment (Nm)
Force coefficient = 1.0 for poles and insulators,
1.0 for conductors
1.0 for Fibre Optic cable
Shape factor = 1.0 for poles and insulators
1.1 for ELM conductor
1.3 for Willow (Beaver) conductor
1.3 for Fibre Optic Cable
qbasic = Basic wind pressure = 900 N/m²
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APPENDIX-B1 (Contd.)
APPENDIX-B1 (Contd.)
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NOTE : Factors other than pole strength may dictate the Basic Span
Length.
NOTE: H1 & H2 are positive when the attachment point on the adjacent support is
lower than the attachment point on the structure under consideration.
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APPENDIX B2
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(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 3.32 0.44 0.50 0.55 0.59 0.66
10 3.07 0.48 0.55 0.59 0.64 0.72
15 2.86 0.51 0.59 0.63 0.69 0.77
20 2.69 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.73 0.82
25 2.54 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.87
30 2.41 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.91
35 2.30 0.64 0.73 0.79 0.86 0.96
40 2.20 0.67 0.76 0.83 0.89 1.00
45 2.11 0.70 0.79 0.86 0.93 1.04
50 2.03 0.72 0.82 0.89 0.97 1.08
55 1.96 0.75 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.12
60 1.90 0.78 0.88 0.96 1.04 1.16
65 1.84 0.80 0.91 0.99 1.07 1.20
70 1.79 0.82 0.94 1.02 1.10 1.23
75 1.74 0.85 0.96 1.05 1.13 1.27
80 1.69 0.87 0.99 1.07 1.16 1.30
90 1.60 0.91 1.04 1.11 1.22 1.36
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APPENDIX B3
CALCULATION OF CROSS ARM TYPE AC FOR INTERMEDIATE SINGLE
CONCRETE POLE STRUCTURE
B3-1 STRENGTH OF CROSS ARM
Max. Permissible Bending Stress (Bs) in N/mm² = Yield Strength of steel / 1, 1
= 355 / 1, 1 = 322, 7 N/mm2
Bs*Section modulus of angle in cm³ = 322, 7 x 24.8cm3
(100x100x10mm Angle)
Max. Permissible Bending Moment (Bm) = 8003 Nm (100x100x10mm Angle)
Bs*Section modulus of angle in cm³ = 322, 7 x 29.4cm3(100x100x12mm Angle)
Max. Permissible Bending Moment (Bm) = 9487 Nm (100x100x12mm
Angle)
B3-2 APPLIED BENDING MOMENTS
Bending moment due to wind = (Wind pressure on conductor x
insulator length + wind
pressure on insulator x
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PDO Standard
description of PDO drg Comment
Drawing
STD-4-1601-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (11)
STD-4-1601-002 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (12)
STD-4-1601-003 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (13)
STD-4-1601-004 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (14)
STD-4-1601-005 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (15)
STD-4-1601-006 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (16)
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For the purpose of this document, the following definitions shall apply.
General Terminology
Technical Terminology
Basic Span - The Span length assumed as an equivalent span for a
complete overhead line consisting of many sections.
Equivalent Span - The span length adopted for sag / tension calculations for a
particular line section.
Sag - The vertical distance, under any system of conductor
loading, between the conductor and a straight line joining
adjacent supporting joints.
Section - The portion of an overhead line between two fully supported
tension points.
Span Length - The horizontal distance between adjacent supports.
Weight Span - The horizontal distance between the lowest points of the
conductor on two adjacent spans.
Wind Span - Half of the sum of the spans adjacent to a particular support.
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Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Cf of post insulator Cfi 1
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np 0,26 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Intermediate I(12)
Total height hp 12 m
Planting depth pd 1,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 220 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 400 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 373 mm
Cf of pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground
level Apole 2,12 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 68 mm
At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt -
Area of pole at top 2*thpt)2) 0,0289 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,0709 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 15,27 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 2,60 m
Number of crossarms Nc 1
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 2
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Wc =
Σ weight of crossarm type A 1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms) 0,63 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,1 m
Wind forces & bending
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moments
Wind force on conductor Fc = ncp*n*dc*Cfc*lwn*fw 4,4669 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 1,9053 kN
Height above ground level...
...of wind force on conductor hFc = hp-pd-dist+hp 10,765 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 10,433 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/
...of wind force on pole (Dpt+dpg)*(hp-pd)/3 4,66 m
Bending moment at ground
level...
...due to wind on conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 48,086 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,81 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 8,88 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 6,55 kN
Σ bending moment at grond
level Mb 58,77 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 58,77 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 6,55 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum
point 66,62 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 58,8kNm + 1,80m * 2/3 * 6,5kN
= 66,6kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 1,80 m
Diameter of foundation 0,80 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 136,1 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 0,80m * (1,80m)³ / 12 =
136,1kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,04
Existing outer global safety = 136,1kNm / 66,6kNm = 2,04
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Basic span lb 66 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 66 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 50 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 100 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 75 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 1,71 kN
Fibre optic cable (FOC) details
Number of fibre optic cable nfo 1
Diameter of optic cable df 15,0 mm
Wind force coefficient of optic cable Cfo 1,3
Weight of optic cable per metre wf 1,77 N/m
Tension in optic cable Tf 6,13 kN
Height of optic cable above ground hf m
Σ weight of fibre optic cable Wfoc = wf*lwt*nfo 0,18 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Cf of post insulator Cfi 1
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np 0,26 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
...on FO cable ffoc 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Intermediate I(12)
Total height hp 12 m
Planting depth pd 1,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 220 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 400 mm
Diameter at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 373 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 2,12 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 68 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0289 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,0709 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 15,27 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 2,60 m
Number of crossarms Nc 1
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 2
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
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Wc=1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms
Σ weight of crossarm type A ) 0,63 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,1 m
Wind forces & bending moments
Wind force on conductor Fc = ncp*n*dc*Cfc*lwn*fw 3,6852 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on fibre optic cable Ffoc = ffoc*nfo*df*Cfo*lwn 1,1583 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 1,9053 kN
Height above ground level...
...of wind force on conductor hFc = hp-pd-dist+hp 10,765 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 10,433 m
...of wind force on FO cable hf 7,7 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/(Dpt+dpg)*(hp-
...of wind force on pole pd)/3 4,66 m
Bending moment at ground level...
...due to wind on conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 39,671 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,81 kNm
...due to wind on FO cable Bmfoc = Ffoc*hf 8,92 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 8,88 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 6,92 kN
Σ bending moment at grond level Mb 59,11 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 59,11 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 6,92 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum point 67,58 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 59,1kNm + 1,80m * 2/3 * 6,9kN =
67,4kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 1,80 m
Diameter of foundation 0,80 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 136,1 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 0,80m * (1,80m)³ / 12 = 136,1kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,01
Existing outer global safety = 136,1kNm / 67,4kNm = 2,02
Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls
Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd+Wfoc 18,05 kN
Existing bearing load (soil pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 254 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2
APPENDIX C3
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITHOUT
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON INTERMEDIATE SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE
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)
Distance to top of pole dist 0,1 m
Wind forces & bending
moments
Wind force on conductor Fc = ncp*n*dc*Cfc*lwn*fw 5,5836 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 1,8819 kN
Height above ground level...
...of wind force on conductor hFc = hp-pd-dist+hp 10,665 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 10,333 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/(Dpt+dpg)*(hp-
...of wind force on pole pd)/3 4,62 m
Bending moment at ground
level...
...due to wind on conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 59,549 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,79 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 8,69 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 7,64 kN
Σ bending moment at ground
lvl. Mb 70,03 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 70,03 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 7,64 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum
point 79,70 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 70,0kNm + 1,90m * 2/3 * 7,6kN =
79,7kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 1,90 m
Diameter of foundation 0,80 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 160,0 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 0,80m * (1,90m)³ / 12 =
160,0kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,01
Existing outer global safety = 160,0kNm / 79,7kNm = 2,01
Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls
Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor
weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd 18,21 kN
Existing bearing load (soil
pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 257 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2
APPENDIX C4
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITHOUT
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON ANGLE / SECTION SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE
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Wc=1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms
Σ weight of crossarm type B ) 1,64 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,15 m
Wind forces & bending moments
Resultant pull of conductors Fc from sag & tension analysis 14,8 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on tension insulator FTi = nit*Cfi*fw*(di*hit) 0,2539 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 2,9917 kN
Height above ground level...
...of resultant pull of conductors hFc = hp-pd-dist 11,05 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 11,38 m
…of wind force on tension insulator hFTi = hp-pd-dist 11,05 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/(Dpt+dpg)*(hp-
...of wind force on pole pd)/3 5,23 m
Bending moment at ground level...
...due to res. pull of conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 163,54 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,97 kNm
...due to wind on tension insulators BmTi = FTi*hFpi 2,81 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 15,65 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 18,22 kN
Σ bending moment at grond level Mb 183,97 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 183,97 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 18,22 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum point 217,94 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 184,0kNm + 2,80m * 2/3 * 18,2kN = 217,9kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 2,80 m
Diameter of foundation 1,00 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 640,3 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 1,00m * (2,80m)³ / 12 = 640,3kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,94
Existing outer global safety = 640,3kNm / 217,9kNm = 2,94
Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls
Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd 32,95 kN
Existing bearing load (soil pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 312 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2
APPENDIX C5
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH FIBRE
OPTIC CABLE ON ANGLE / SECTION SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE
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ELM conductor details
Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Version: 6.0
Diameter of conductor Petroleum Development
dc Oman LLC 18,8 mm
Effective: May-08
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 66 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 66 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 50 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 100 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 75 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 1,71 kN
Fibre optic cable (FOC) details
Number of fibre optic cable nfo 1
Diameter of optic cable df 15,0 mm
Wind force coefficient of optic cable Cfo 1,3
Weight of optic cable per metre wf 1,77 N/m
Tension in optic cable Tf 6,13 kN
Height of optic cable above ground hf 8,7 m
Σ weight of fibre optic cable Wfoc = wf*lwt*nfo 0,18 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
...on FO cable ffoc 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete Angle/Section
Type A/S(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 2,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 340 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 550 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 508 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 3,32 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 70 mm
At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt -
Area of pole at top 2*thpt)2) 0,05 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,1056 m2
Weight
Page 85of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 27,76 kN
SP-1102B: Specification for Design of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles Printed 20-04-2008
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm
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Number of crossarms Nc 2
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Version: 6.0
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APPENDIX C6
33-KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITHOUT
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON TERMINAL SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE
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ELM conductor details
Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Petroleumdc
Development Oman LLC Version: 6.0
Diameter of conductor 18,8 mm
Effective: May-08
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 80 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 80 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 60 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 120 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 90 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 2,05 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Terminal T(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 3,1 m
Diameter top Dpt 460 mm
Diameter base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 670 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 624 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 4,13 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 65 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 79 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0807 m2
Area of pole at bottom Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb - 2*thpb)2) 0,1467 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 40,58 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 3,20 m
Number of crossarms Nc 2
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,182 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Σ weight
Page 87 of crossarm
SP-1102B: typeSpecification
B Wcfor= 1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms)
Design of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles Printed 20-04-2008 1,89 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,15 m
Wind forces &The controlledmoments
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APPENDIX C7
33-KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH FIBRE
OPTIC CABLE ON TERMINAL SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE
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ELM conductor details
Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Version: 6.0
Diameter of conductor dc 18,8 mm
Effective: May-08
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 66 m
Wind span (normal working conditions) lwn 66 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 50 m
Weight span (normal working conditions) lwt 100 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 75 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 1,71 kN
Fibre optic cable (FOC) details
Number of fibre optic cable nfo 1
Diameter of optic cable df 15,0 mm
Wind force coefficient of optic cable Cfo 1,3
Weight of optic cable per metre wf 1,77 N/m
Tension in optic cable Tf 6,13 kN
Height of optic cable above ground hf 8,4 m
Σ weight of fibre optic cable Wfoc = wf*lwt*nfo 0,18 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
...on FO cable ffoc 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete Terminal
Type T(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 3,1 m
Diameter top Dpt 460 mm
Diameter base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 670 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 624 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 4,13 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 65 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 79 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0807 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,1467 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 40,58 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 3,20 m
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Number of crossarms NcDesign of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles 2
Length of strutsThe controlled version of this CMF Document
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Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,182 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Wc =
Σ weight of crossarm type A 1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms) 1,89 kN
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APPENDIX -D
SAG / TENSION CALCULATIONS
Refer sections 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.4, 2.1.7, 2.3.1.1 and 2.3.1.2 for relevant
parameters
Effective Weight of Conductor = (Cond. Wt2 + Wind force2)0.5
kg/m
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Knowing the tension of the line conductor or FO cable at any particular set of
conditions of effective weight and temperature it is possible to calculate the
tension at any other set of conditions by solving the following equation:
The sag of the conductor or FO cable for a particular span having a tension
calculated as above
= T/W * (cosh (W * S/T/2) - 1)
As a starting point, calculating the maximum sag (and minimum tension) at
90°C and still air, in the equivalent span will result in the lowest stresses in the
system
APPENDIX-E
PHASE CLEARANCE OF CONDUCTORS
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APPENDIX -F1
CANTILEVER LOAD ON 33kV COMPOSITE POST INSULATOR FOR SINGLE
ELM
LEGEND DESCRIPTION
Qbasic 900N/m2
A exposed area (m2)
F force (N)
FOS 2.5 (Cantilever Strength of Insulators Per NESC)
Shape Factor 1.0 for Insulators
1.1 for ELM Conductor
Dia.cond. 0.0188m
Lwind 100m
Conductor Tension 2400kg
NOTE:
Based on the above calculations, a Silicon Rubber Insulator with a Specified
Cantilever Load of 12.5kN
shall be required for Single ELM conductor Overhead Lines with a wind
span of 100 meters and a maximum conductor tension of 23.5kN.
Specified Cantilever Load = SCL as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI
Standard C29.11-1989
APPENDIX-G
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AERODROME
The above sketch is prepared for easy reference by PDO Air Operations, taking into account the
requirement as laid down in "INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED
PRACTICES AERODROMES ANNEX-14“
APPENDIX-K
INSTALLATION GUIDE
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K1 - 1 PURPOSE
The following description forms the basis for the correct execution of the
activities required for the assembly and assembly of single- and multiple-
section spun concrete poles.
The documents also assist in the training and instruction of the personnel
deployed. Note: A copy of these assembly instructions must be deposited in
every assembly team bus.
K1 - 2 SCOPE OF VALIDITY
K1 - 3 TERMS
Document control
The distribution of the process instructions to those responsible (customers,
transport and assembly firms) is the duty of the respective project manager.
Responsibility for occupational safety and quality assurance:
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Verification of effectiveness
The effectiveness of the actions described here is established by means of
internal and external audits.
K2 – 1 DESCRIPTION
General notes
The to grade concrete and steel components must be conveyed and stored
during storage and assembly in such manner that damage is avoided and all
risk to the assembly workers or third parties is excluded.
The measures to be taken to this end are described below. The accident
prevention regulations, safety regulations and requirements for spun concrete
poles in compliance with the specifications of the client (especially PDO) must
be heeded. The responsibility for safety with regard to assembly work and the
personnel lies with the assembly firm.
Among other things, careful work preparation is a prerequisite for the
straightforward, successful handling of any type of building work.
You must take into account:
⇒ The necessary assembly specialists
⇒ Equipment
⇒ Tools and materials
⇒ Lumber and tarpaulins to protect the components and materials
⇒ Crane dimensions selected to suit the on-site conditions
⇒ Coordination of schedule for deliveries and provision of crane
⇒ Provide normal personal protection equipment for assembly workers (safety
shoes, helmet, sunprotection, clothing etc.) on building site.
⇒ Additional equipment for protection against falling
It must be borne in mind that the weights of spun concrete pole sections may
deviate from the nominal weight owing to the manufacturing process.
If during production weight deviations > 10% are ascertained, Production will
immediately inform the site manager in writing, who then passes the
information on to the engineering company.
If attachments are to be fitted to the shaft of the pole prior to assembly they
must be taken into account when the crane is selected.
The correct way for the work to be carried out when erecting a concrete pole is
described in the following. It is essential to observe these rules to ensure
damage-free assembly. The assembly firm is liable for damage caused due to
non-compliance with these instructions.
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Fig 2:
Storage of concrete poles
Lumber
Inspections at takeover
The delivery (pole sections, steel parts, crates with accessories, pallets etc.)
must be inspected on the lorry or wagon at the time of receipt on the basis of
the delivery note to verify that it is complete (quantities, e.g. 2 crates of
accessories) as well as for transport damage. If deviations or faults are found, a
note must be made on the delivery note. Stock must be taken immediately of
the damage together with the haulage company.
In the case of pole joints with flange plates, attention must be paid that
sufficiently thick supporting lumber is used between the pole and the ground
to prevent the pole bottom from coming into contact with the ground.
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Fig 1:
Conical pole suspended from lifting Lifting gear of crane
gear
Spreader or Crossbeam
Textile belts
To prevent the formation of white rust, avoid contact with wet grass, prevent
water from collecting in the supports and profiles (trough formation) and
ensure that the parts are not covered directly with plastic sheeting or
tarpaulins. Ensure sufficient ventilation.
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Beforethe pole sections are erected, all parts to be mounted on them should have
been fastened to the pole, provided they do not constitute an obstruction during
erection. If possible, the steel platforms that have been preassembled according
to plan, will be shifted over the pole sections lying on the ground on trestles,
aligned in the prescribed position and secured with wedges.
If possible, all other accessories (retaining ring, ladder etc.) are mounted prior
to erection. Other additional parts, cable fastening rails, antenna fixtures etc.
must be assembled according to the relevant detailed diagrams and drawings.
For poles with drop-in joints the ground must checked again to ensure that the
cone fits exactly. Before work begins the assembly manager must check that
the lifting equipment is in full working order.
lumber
If textile belts are used, the crossarm can be used simply to stop the components
from slipping. To protect the textile belt it must be used as a slip on both sides.
Under all circumstances the belt manufacturer’s directions for use must be
heeded.
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Erection of pole
The lower section of the pole is placed in the drop-in foundation with the aid of
lifting gear and centred on the floor of the socket by means of the fastenings (e.g.
steel wedges).
Before the hoisting ropes are removed, the pole section must be fastened in place
by means of steel construction-type fastenings, winches or hardwood wedges. Guy
ropes can also be used (Fig. 7). When releasing the hoisting ropes the fitter remains
on the ladder or secured as for mounting the flange, or he is located in an approved
personnel conveyance facility.
The perpendicular position of the lower pole section is checked and, if necessary,
realigned, see K2 - 3 P “Perpendicular alignment and tolerances”.
The lower pole section may not be cast until it is exactly perpendicular and has
been rechecked by the assembly manager (or until the entire pole is in an exactly
perpendicular position).
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Suspension ropes
4 hardwood
wedges
Chamfer upper edge
by approx. 2 %
4 Steel locators –
winches or hydraulic Ground anchor
system
Steel wedge
Cast concrete Pole wall
Foundation concrete
Please see Chapters 2.3.4.2. – 2.3.4.4. for further information.
Posttreatment
Please see Chapter 2.3.4.4. for further information.
Remaining work
The pole guys and/or fastenings that do not remain in the grouting concrete
may not be removed until the grouting has become sufficiently hardened and
can no longer be scratched (with fresh concrete, approx. 8 hours after setting).
If hardwood wedges are used for the purpose of fixation, they can be
completely removed when the concrete has hardened sufficiently and the
resulting hollow space must be filled with grouting concrete. If they remained
in the grouting they would cause damage due to swelling.
The surface of the grouting between the pole and the foundation is tapered
with a 2% gradient and smoothed flush with the surface of the foundation.
Execution must meet the specifications arising from the corresponding
foundation plan.
The tolerance for the overall (resulting) slant of the pole is:
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withou
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General notes
All the steel components mentioned in the accessories list and/or the execution
drawing must be mounted according to the attached diagrams and their bolted
joints using the lock washers stated therein.
The required torque for bolted joints on steel parts is to be found in the
accompanying drawings/diagrams and must be applied accordingly.
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K2 - 5 APPROVAL
Before the building is handed over to the client all components must be
inspected by the assembly manager to ensure that they are in proper order and
are fully functional.
⇒ Visible parts of the foundation with the grouted joint to the pole
⇒ The pole shaft for damage and dirt (damage to the concrete surfaces must
be eliminated using PCC mortar system).
⇒ Plastic plugs are to be fitted into threaded bushes that remain empty
⇒ All the remaining attachments for a tight fit and their stipulated state
⇒ All galvanised steel parts for damage or faults in the galvanisation
⇒ Safety equipment
⇒ Mechanical parts for operability
The building site must be tidied and cleaned and, if necessary, given
appropriate protection until it is approved. Until the customer has approved the
building the assembly firm is responsible for the building site.
K3 – 1 DOCUMENTATION
Archiving
In the course of rendering the accounts of the building project all documents
are to be collected in a site management file.
This has to be transferred to the costumer.
APPENDIX-J
GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
For the purpose of this document, the following definitions shall apply.
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General Terminology
SP USER-COMMENT FORM
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SP User-Comment Form
If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in an SP, write your
comments and suggestions on this form. Send the form to the Document Control Section
(DCS). They make a record of your comment and send the form to the correct CFDH. The
form has spaces for your personal details. This lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your
comments and tell you about the decision.
Comments:
Suggestions:
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