PT Lượng giác

Dạng bài tập lượng giac

a/kiÕn thøc cÇn nhí vµ ph©n lo¹i bµi to¸n
d¹ng 1 Ph¬ng tr×nh bËc nhÊt vµ bËc hai , bËc cao víi 1 hµm sè lîng gi¸c
§Æt HSLG theo t víi sinx , cosx cã ®iÒu kiÖn t  1 .Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh theo t
NhËn t tho¶ m·n ®iÒu kiÖn gi¶i Pt lîng gi¸c c¬ b¶n
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh:
2cos2x- 4cosx=1
1/  2/ 4sin3x+3 2 sin2x=8sinx
 sinx  0
1-5sinx+2cosx=0
3/ 4cosx.cos2x +1=0 4/ 
 cos x  0
5/ Cho 3sin x-3cos x+4sinx-cos2x+2=0 (1) vµ cos2x+3cosx(sin2x-8sinx)=0 (2).
3 2

1
T×m n0 cña (1) ®ång thêi lµ n0 cña (2) ( nghiÖm chung sinx= )
3
3 4
6/ sin3x+2cos2x-2=0 7/ a/ tanx+ -2 = 0 b/ +tanx=7
cot x cos 2 x
c* / sin6x+cos4x=cos2x
5 7
8/sin( 2 x  )-3cos( x  )=1+2sinx 9/ sin 2 x  2sin x  2  2sin x  1
2 2
sin 2 2 x  4 cos 4 2 x  1
10/ cos2x+5sinx+2=0 11/ tanx+cotx=4 12/ 0
2sin x cos x
13/ sin x  1  cos x  0 14/ cos2x+3cosx+2=0
4sin 2 x  6sin x  9  3cos 2 x
2 4
15/ 0 16/ 2cosx- sin x =1
cos x
d¹ng 2: Ph¬ng tr×nh bËc nhÊt ®èi víi sinx vµ cosx : asinx+bcosx=c
C¸ch 1: asinx+bcosx=c  b 
a b C¸ch : 2 a sin x  cos x   c
 a 
§Æt cosx= 2 ; sinx=
a b 2
a b
2 2
b
§Æt  tan   a  sin x  cos x.tan    c
 a 2  b 2 sin( x   )  c a
c
 sin( x   )  cos 
a
x 2t 1 t 2
C¸ch 3: §Æt t  tan ta cã sin x  ;cos x 
2 1 t 2
1 t2
 (b  c)t 2  2at  b  c  0
 
§¨c biÖt : 1. sin x  3 cos x  2sin( x  )  2 cos( x  )
3 6
 
2. sin x  cos x  2 sin( x  )  2 cos( x  )
4 4

1
PT Lượng giác

 
3. sin x  3 cos x  2sin( x  )  2 cos( x  )
3 6
§iÒu kiÖn Pt cã nghiÖm : a b  c
2 2 2

gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh :

1/ 2sin15x+ 3 cos5x+sin5x=k víi k=0 vµ k=4 víi k=0
1 6
2/ a: 3 sin x  cos x  b: 4sin x  3cos x  6
cos x 4sin x  3cos x  1
1
c: 3 sin x  cos x  3 
3 sin x  cos x  1
2 6
3/ cos 7 x  3 sin 7 x  2  0 *t×m nghiÖm x  ( ; )
5 7
4/( cos2x- 3 sin2x)- 3 sinx-cosx+4=0
1  cos x  cos 2 x  cos 3 x 2
5/  (3  3 sin x )
2 cos 2 x  cos x  1 3
cos x  2sin x.cos x
6/  3
2 cos 2 x  sin x  1
D¹ng 3 Ph¬ng tr×nh ®¼ng cÊp ®èi víi sin x vµ cosx
§¼ng cÊp bËc 2: asin2x+bsinx.cosx+c cos2x=0
C¸ch 1: Thö víi cosx=0 Víi cosx  0 .Chia 2 vÕ cho cos2x ta ®îc:
atan2x+btanx +c=d(tan2x+1)
C¸ch2: ¸p dông c«ng thøc h¹ bËc
§¼ng cÊp bËc 3: asin3x+b.cos3x+c(sinx+ cosx)=0 hoÆc
asin3x+b.cos3x+csin2xcosx+dsinxcos2x=0
XÐt cos3x=0 vµ cosx  0 Chia 2 vÕ cho cos2x ta ®îc Pt bËc 3 ®èi víi tanx

Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh

1/a/ 3sin2x- 3 sinxcosx+2cos2x cosx=2 b/ 4 sin2x+3 3 sinxcosx-
2cos2x=4
c/3 sin2x+5 cos2x-2cos2x-4sin2x=0 d/ 2 sin2x+6sinxcosx+2(1+ 3
)cos2x-5- 3 =0
2/ sinx- 4sin3x+cosx=0 2 c¸ch +/ (tanx -1)(3tan2x+2tanx+1)=0

x   k
4
+ sin3x- sinx+ cosx- sinx=0  (cosx- sinx)
(2sinxcosx+2sin2x+1)=0
3/ tanx sin2x-2sin2x=3(cos2x+sinxcosx)
4/ 3cos4x-4sin2xcos2x+sin4x=0 5/ 4cos3x+2sin3x-3sinx=0
3
6/ 2 cos x= sin3x 7/ cos3x- sin3x= cosx+ sinx
8/ sinx sin2x+ sin3x=6 cos3x 9/sin3(x-  /4)= 2 sinx
Dang 4 Ph¬ng tr×nh vÕ tr¸i ®èi xøng ®èi víi sinx vµ cosx

* a(sin x+cosx)+bsinxcosx=c ®Æt t= sin x+cosx t  2

t 2 1
 at + b =c  bt2+2at-2c-b=0
2

2
PT Lượng giác

* a(sin x- cosx)+bsinxcosx=c ®Æt t= sin x- cosx t  2

1 t2
 at + b =c  bt2 -2at+2c-b=0
2

Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh

1 1 1
1/ a/1+tanx=2sinx + b/ sin x+cosx= -
cos x tan x cot x
3 3 3 3
2/ sin x+cos x=2sinxcosx+sin x+cosx 3/ 1- sin x+cos x= sin2x
4/ 2sinx+cotx=2 sin2x+1 5/ 2 sin2x(sin x+cosx)=2
6/ (1+sin x)(1+cosx)=2 7/ 2 (sin x+cosx)=tanx+cotx
3
8/1+sin3 2x+cos32 x= sin 4x 9/* a* 3(cotx-cosx)-5(tanx-sin x)=2
2
9/b*: cos4x+sin4x-2(1-sin2xcos2x) sinxcosx-(sinx+cosx)=0
1 1 10
10/ sin x  cos x  4sin 2 x  1 11/ cosx+ +sinx+ =
cos x sin x 3
12/ sinxcosx+ sin x  cos x =1
dang 5 Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh b»ng ph¬ng ph¸p h¹ bËc
C«ng thøc h¹ bËc 2 C«ng thøc h¹ bËc 3
1  cos 2 x 1  cos 2 x 3cos x  cos 3 x 3sin x  sin 3 x
cos2x= ; sin2x= cos3x= ; sin3x=
2 2 4 4
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh
1/ sin2 x+sin23x=cos22x+cos24x 2/ cos2x+cos22x+cos23x+cos24x=3/2
3/sin2x+ sin23x-3 cos22x=0
 5x 9x
4/ cos3x+ sin7x=2sin2(  )-2cos2
4 2 2
2 2 2 2
5/ sin 4 x+ sin 3x= cos 2x+ cos x víi x  (0;  )

6/sin24x-cos26x=sin( 10,5  10x ) víi x  (0; ) 7/ cos4x-5sin4x=1
2
8/4sin3x-1=3- 3 cos3x 9/ sin22x+ sin24x= sin26x
10/ sin2x= cos22x+ cos23x 11/ (sin22x+cos42x-1): sin x cos x =0
 k  k 
12/ 4sin3xcos3x+4cos3x sin3x+3 3 cos4x=3 x   24  2 ; 8  
2  13/ 2cos22x+ cos2x=4
sin22xcos2x
 x
14/ cos4xsinx- sin22x=4sin2(  )-7/2 víi x  1 <3
4 2
15/ 2 cos32x-4cos3xcos3x+cos6x-4sin3xsin3x=0

16/ sin3xcos3x +cos3xsin3x=sin34x 17/ * 8cos3(x+ )=cos3x
3
18/cos10x+2cos24x+6cos3xcosx=cosx+8cosxcos23x
sin 5 x
19/ =1 20 / cos7x+ sin22x= cos22x- cosx
5sin x
21/ sin2x+ sin22x+ sin23x=3/2 22/ 3cos4x-2 cos23x=1

3
PT Lượng giác

Dang 6 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG gi¶i b»ng c¸c h»ng ®¼ng thøc

* a3  b3=(a  b)(a2 ab+b2) * a8+ b8=( a4+ b4)2-2 a4b4

* a4- b4=( a2+ b2) ( a2- b2) * a6  b6=( a2  b2)( a4 a 2b2+b4)

Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh

x x
1/ sin4 +cos4 =1-2sinx 2/ cos3x-sin3x=cos2x-sin2x
2 2
sin 4 x  cos 4 x 1
3/ cos3x+ sin3x= cos2x 4/  (tan x  cot x) v«
sin 2 x 2
nghiÖm
13 7  
5/cos6x-sin6x= cos22x 6/sin4x+cos4x= cot( x  ) cot(  x)
8 8 3 6
7/ cos x+sin x=2(cos8x+sin8x)
6 6
8/cos3x+sin3x=cosx-sinx
9/ cos6x+sin6x=cos4x 10/ sinx+sin2x+sin3x+sin4x= cosx+cos2x+cos3x+cos4x
1 x x
11/ cos8x+sin8x= 12/ (sinx+3)sin4 -(sinx+3) sin2 +1=0
8 2 2
Dang 7 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG biÕn ®æi vÒ tÝch b»ng 0
1/ cos2x- cos8x+ cos4x=1 2/sinx+2cosx+cos2x-2sinxcosx=0
3/sin2x-cos2x=3sinx+cosx-2 4/sin3 x+2cosx-2+sin2 x=0
3
5/ 3sinx+2cosx=2+3tanx 6/ sin2x+ 2 cos2x+ 6 cosx=0
2
sin 3 x sin 5 x
7/ 2sin2x-cos2x=7sinx+2cosx-4 8/ 
3 5
1 5
9/ 2cos2x-8cosx+7= 10/ cos8x+sin8x=2(cos10x+sin10x)+ cos2x
cos x 4
11/ 1+ sinx+ cos3x= cosx+ sin2x+ cos2x
12/ 1+sinx+cosx+sin2x+cos2x=0 13/ sin2 x(tanx+1)=3sinx(cosx-sinx)+3
1 1
14/ 2sin3x- =2cos3x+ 15/cos3x+cos2x+2sinx-2=0
sin x cos x
1
16/cos2x-2cos3x+sinx=0 17/ tanx–sin2x-cos2x+2(2cosx- )=0
cos x
1  cos 2 x
18/sin2x=1+ 2 cosx+cos2x 19/1+cot2x=
sin 2 2 x
1
20/ 2tanx+cot2x=2sin2x+ 21/cosx(cos4x+2)+ cos2x-cos3x=0
sin 2x
22/ 1+tanx=sinx+cosx 23/ (1-tanx)(1+sin2x)=1+tanx
 1 1 2
24/ 2 2 sin( x  )=  25/ 2tanx+cotx= 3 
4 sin x cos x sin 2x
26/ cotx-tanx=cosx+sinx 27/ 9sinx+6cosx-3sin2x+cos2x=8
Dang 8 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG ph¶i thùc hiÖn c«ng thóc nh©n ®«i, h¹ bËc

4
PT Lượng giác

cos2x= cos2x- sin2x =2cos2x-1=1-2sin2x 2t 1 t2

sin2x=2sinxcosx sinx = ; cosx= tanx=
1 t2 1 t2
2 tan x 2t
tan2x=
1  tan 2 x 1 t2
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh
1
1/ sin3xcosx= + cos3xsinx 2/ cosxcos2xcos4xcos8x=1/16
4
3/tanx+2cot2x=sin2x 4/sin2x(cotx+tan2x)=4cos2x
5/ sin4x=tanx 6/ sin2x+2tanx=3 7/ sin2x+cos2x+tanx=2
8/tanx+2cot2x=sin2x 9/ cotx=tanx+2cot2x
3
10/a* tan2x+sin2x= cotx b* (1+sinx)2= cosx
2
Dang 9 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG ph¶i thùc hiÖn phÐp biÕn ®æi tæng_tÝch vµ tÝch_tæng
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh
1/ sin8x+ cos4x=1+2sin2xcos6x 2/cosx+cos2x+cos3x+cos4x=0
sin 3 x  sin x
3/  sin 2 x  cos 2 x t×m x   0; 2  4/ sinx+sin2x+sin3x+sin4x=0
1  cos 2 x
3  cos 2 x  cot 2 x     
5/ sin5x+ sinx+2sin2x=1 6/  4sin   x  cos   x 
cot 2 x  cos 2 x 4  4 
7/ tanx+ tan2x= tan3x 8/ 3cosx+cos2x- cos3x+1=2sinxsin2x
Dang 10 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG ph¶i ®Æt Èn phô gãc A hoÆc ®Æt hµm B
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh
3 x 1  3 x x   3  k 2 ; 4  k 2 ; 14  k 2   
1/ sin(  )= sin(  )  5 15 15
 2/ sin( 3 x 

)=sin2x sin( x  )
10 2 2 10 2 4 4
 
x k
4 2
3 x
3/(cos4x/3 – cos2x): 1  tan 2 x =0 x  k 3 4/ cosx-2sin(  )=3 x  k 4
2 2
7   k 
5/ cos( 2 x  )=sin(4x+3  ) x     k ;
 6

2  6/3cot2x+2 2 sin2x=(2+3 2 )cosx
2
   
x    k 2 ;   k 2 
 3 4 

2  1 1
7/2cot2x+ +5tanx+5cotx+4=0 x
4
 k 8/ cos2x+ 2 =cosx+
cos 2 x cos x cos x
x  k
1 1   7  1  sin 2 x 1  tan x
9/sinx- cos2x+ +2 2 =5 x   2  k 2 ;  6  k 2 ; 6  k 2  11/ +2 =3
sin x sin x 1  sin 2 x 1  tan x
x   k ;   k  , tan   2

Dang 11 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG ph¶i thùc hiÖn c¸c phÐp biÕn ®æi phøc t¹p
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh
1/ 3  4 6  (16 3  8 2) cos x  4 cos x  3 x

4
 k 2

2/cos 
4
 

3 x  9 x 2  16 x  80 

=1 t×m n0 x  Z x   21; 3

5
PT Lượng giác


3/ 5cos x  cos 2 x +2sinx=0 x
6
 k 2 4/3cotx- tanx(3-8cos2x)=0

x    k
3
2  sin x  tan x  2
5/  2 cos x  2 x
3
 k 2 6/sin3x+cos3x+
tan x  sin x

sin xcotx+cos3xtanx= 2sin 2x x  4  k 2
3

k
7/tan2xtan23 xtan24x= tan2x-tan23 x+tan4x x
4
8/tanx+tan2x=-sin3xcos2x
 k 
x     k 2 
 3 
9/sin3x=cosxcos2x(tan2x+tan2x) x  k 10/
5 1
sin x  sin x  1  sin x  cos x
2 x  k ;sin x 
2

 
11/cos2 
 4
 



 4

sin x  2 cos 2 x  -1=tan2  x  tan 2 x 


x    k 2
4

x   x    x 2   3x    5 5 5 
12/ 2 cos     6 sin     2sin     2sin    x   12  k 5 ;  3  k 5 ; 4  k 5 
 5 12   5 12  5 3   5 6
Dang 12 : Ph¬ng tr×nh LG kh«ng mÉu mùc, ®¸nh gi¸ 2 vÕ ,tæng 2 lîng kh«ng ©m,vÏ 2 ®å
thÞ b»ng ®¹o hµm
Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh
1/ cos3x+ 2  cos 2 3x =2(1+sin22x) x  k

2/ 2cosx+ 2 sin10x=3 2 +2sinxcos28x x
4
 k

3/ cos24x+cos26x=sin212x+sin216x+2 víi x   0;  
 2 
4/ 8cos4xcos22x+ 1  cos 3x +1=0 x   3
 k 2 

sin x
5/   cos x x0

6/ 5-4sin2x-8cos2x/2 =3k t×m k  Z* ®Ó hÖ cã nghiÖm

x2
7/ 1- =cosx
2

8/( cos2x-cos4x)2=6+2sin3x x   k
2

 1
 
9/ 1  cos x  1  cos x cos 2 x  sin 4 x x   4  k 2
2