8.

2 DESIGN OF CHIP SEALS

Traffic in lane

Left

Type 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Motorcycle 3 2 2 2 1 2 4 5 4 1
Car 5 2 3 5 2 2 5 1 4 4
Lorry 4 2 2 2 2
Van 1 1 1 1

Total = 75

Right

Type 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Motorcycle 4 4 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 2
Car 1 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 3
Lorry 2 1 3 1
Van 1

Total = 58

Traffic in lane ( vpd/day ) = 58 + 75

= 133

Calculation Tf

Traffic in lane ( vpd/day ) = 133

Interpolation :
 100 1.284
133 X
150 1.242

Tf = 150 – 100 = 133 - 100

1.242-1.284 x - 1.284

-1190.5 = 133 - 100

x - 1.284

x = -0.028 + 1.284
Tf = 1.25

8.3 RESULT SAND PATCH

Material type: Sand

Location: Parit Sempadan Laut, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat
Volume of sand used: 45 mL = 45 x 103mm
Date: 11 / 09 / 2009

Where, T = the texture depth in mm

V = the exact volume of the metal cylinder in mL
D = the average diameter of the sand patch in mm

Sample Diameter of Sand Patch (mm) Texture

1 2 3 4 5 Mean
No. Depth, T
 (mm)
(mm)
Point 1 180 185 185 187 185 184.4 1.69
Point 2 230 215 225 230 220 224 1.14
Point 3 205 185 200 200 200 200 1.43
Point 4 210 215 205 210 215 211 1.29
Point 5 210 210 205 205 200 206 1.35

Example calculation,

T = (4 x 45x103) / (π x 184.42)

T = 1.69 mm

8.4 RESULT RESIDUAL BINDER

Rate of Application Residual Binder ;

R = (0.138 ALD + e )Tf

Where, R = residual binder

e = bitumen needed to fill road surface (surface texture depth)
Tf = factor to allow an increased application rate for low traffic volume to delay
durability failure
ALD = aggregate average least dimension (mm)
= 7.88 mm

Point No Bitumen Needed To Tf Residuaal Binder,

Fill Road Surface,e R ( 1/m2)

Point 1 0.3024 1.256 1.7456

Point 2 0.1920 1.256 1.607

Point 3 0.2500 1.256 1.679

 Point 4 0.2180 1.256 1.639

Point 5 0.2300 1.256 1.655

Example Calculation, e :

Point 1

Mean = 184.4 mm

Interpolation :

180 0.32
184.4 X
185 0.30

e = 185 – 180 = 184.4 - 180

0.30 – 0.32 x - 0.32

x - 0.32 = 4.4
- 250

x = -0.0176 + 0.32
e = 0.3024

Example calculation Residual Binder, R :

e = 0.3024 1/m2 Tf = 1.256

R = (0.138 ALD + e )Tf

R = (0.138 x 7.88 + 0.3024) x 1.256

R = 1.7456 1/m2