Design of Pipe Joints

By:
Er. Shankar Sehgal
Faculty of Mech. Engg., UIET,
Panjab University, Chandigarh
Website: http://shankarsehgal.weebly.com
 Pipes Materials
• C.I.
– Low resistance to shocks and water hammering
– Up to 0.7 Mpa only
– Water and sewage systems
• Wrought Iron
– Mass transfer of steam, air and oil
• Steel
– Petroleum industry
– Up to 4 Mpa and 440°C
• Brass
– Pressure lubrication systems
Design of pipes

When
When
D/t > 20
D/t
σ/p <> 20
6
σ/p < 6
 Design of pipes
• For C.I., Wrought Iron, C = 9 mm
• For steel, brass, C = 3 mm
Design of pipes
Design of pipes
Socket or Coupler Pipe Joint
Nipple Pipe Joint
Union Pipe Joint
Spigot and Socket Pipe Joint
Expansion Pipe Joint
 Copper Corrugated
Expansion Pipe Joint

Used for
short
length
pipes only
 Sleeve and Socket Type
Expansion Pipe Joint

Sleeve and socket can have relative movements along the axis
Circular Flanged Pipe Joint
Circular Flanged Pipe Joint

Used for pressures up to 2 MPa

 Design of Circular Flanged Pipe Joint
• Considering tensile failure of bolts:
 2 
 D1 p 
4 
F n
 
A  2
dc
4
• Circumferential pitch of bolts:
D p
pc 
n
 Design of Circular Flanged Pipe Joint
• Bending failure of flange:

 2 
 D1 p 
4 y
 n 
 M 
   
y I tf   xt 3f 
   
2  12 
 
 Oval Flanged Pipe Joint

Used for pressures up to 15 Mpa

Number of bolts = 2
 Design of Oval Flanged Pipe Joint
• Considering tensile failure of bolts:
F Fluid _ Force  Packing _ Force  / 2
 
A A
 2  2 
 2
 D p  D1  D p  
4 4 
 2
 2
dc
4
 Design of Oval Flanged Pipe Joint
• Bending failure of flange:

 2 
 D1 p 
4 e
 2 
 M 
   
y I tf   xt 3f 
   
2  12 
 
 Square Flanged Pipe Joint

Number of bolts = 4
 Design of Square Flanged Pipe Joint
• Considering tensile failure of bolts:
F Fluid _ Force  Packing _ Force  / 2
 
A A
 2  2 
 2
 D p  D1  D p  
4 4 
 2
 2
dc
4
 Design of Square Flanged Pipe Joint
• Bending failure of flange across section AA:
 Design of Square Flanged Pipe Joint
• Bending failure of flange across section AA:

  2 
 D p
4
1 L1 
 2    B.M . _ due _ to _ water _ pressure
 4 2
 M  
    
y I tf  L2  D  2t t 3f
 
2  12
 Seals
• To prevent leakage of fluids due to
overpressure in an assembly where mating
surfaces have relative motion
• Functions are:
– To seal in oil, grease etc.
– To seal out dirt, contaminants etc.
– To maintain applied pressure or vacuum
 Gaskets
• To create and maintain a barrier against flow of
fluid across mating surfaces placed in an
assembly relatively at rest.
– Metallic gaskets
• Lead
• Copper
• Brass
• Aluminium
• Low Carbon Steel
– Non-metallic gaskets
• Paper
• Leather
Thank You