VU TRUNG HOC CHUYEN NGHIl;P - DAY NGHE

sAcH DUNG CHO cAe TRUONG BAo TAO H~ TRUNG HOC CHUYEN NGHIEP

NHA XUAT BAN GIAo Dl,JC

TS. PHAN DANG KHAI

Glao trinh

,

KY TH(l6T LAP D6T Die"

Stich. dung cho cac truilng daD tao h~ Trung hoc chuyen nghi~p

(T ai ban ldn thft hai)

NHA XUAT BAN GIAO D1)C

Lili gioi th~~u

V~c trj' chac bien ~n va xutft bdn 11i9t s6 giao trinh ph{J.C VI!- CM ddo t90 cdc chuy€.n nganh D~n - ~n tu, Oa khi - ~ng lrlc 11 cdc trllitng THCN - DN la 11i9t S1,/ eff gdng tan cua V(.t Trung hQC chuy€.n ngh~p - Dg,y nghi va Nha xudt OOn Giao due nMm timg bztOc thOng nhdt 1i9i dung dq,y va h9C a cdc trlldng THCN tren. toon qu6c.

Ngi dung Clla gUio trinh dii dlif!c my dr,tng tren. co sa kl thita nhftng n,9i dung dztfJC gidng dg,y a cdc trztitng, ktt h4P vdi nhftng n9i dung mdi nMm ddp Wig yeu cdu nang roo cMt lrJ{lng dao t{lo ph(.tc V(.t Sf! ngh~p c6ng ngh~p h6a, hi~n dg,i h6a. Vi crJ(Jng cua giao trinn dii drJfJC V(.t Trung h9C chuy€.n ngh~p - D{ly ngM tham khcio j kitn cua 11i9t srf trztlJng nhu : TrrJi1ng Cao ddng C6ng ngh~p Ha N9i, TrrJi1ng TH V~t - Hung, TrztiJng TH C6ng ngh~p II, TrrJiJng TH C6ng ngh~p III V.v ... va dii nh~n drJrje nhUu j kiln th~ _thrlc, giup CM ttic gia bien sO{ln phit h(/p han.

Guio trinh. do cdc nha gitio co nhUu kinh ngh~m gidng dq,y 11 cdc tntClng D{li h9C, Cao cUing, THCN bien sO{ln. Gicio trinh dlb;lC bien SO(ln ngdn g9n, di hilu, bd sung nhMukiln thac mc1i va biensO(ln thea quan die'm md, nghia la, .u ctj.p nhilng n,Qi dung cd ban, coi y€.u dl tity thea tinh chdt clia cdc nganh ngM dao tg,o rna nhd trltiJng tf! diiu ehlnh. cho thich h(/p va kMng triii vdi quy djnh Clla chztdng trinh khung dao tg,o THCN.

Tuy cdc ttic gid dii cO nhMu co' gdng khi bien s~n, nhrtng giao trtnh chdc kMng trdnh. khai nhftng khitm khuyM. V(.t Trung h{JC chuyen ngh~p -t- Dg,y nghi di nghj cdc tntilng su d(.tng nhftng gicio trinh xulft 0011, ldn nay de" b6 sung CM ngudn gicio trtnh. dang rat thie'u h~n nay, nhtim ph'(lC v(.t cho v~c dq,y va h9c Clla cdc truang dQ.t chlit lrJ{Ing coo han. Gicio trinh nay cilng rift b6 ich clOl vdi d9i ngu kj thu(it uien, oong nhdn kj thut)t t1i nang cao kitn thllc va tay nghi efta minh.

Hy v9ng nh~n arJf/C sf! gop j cua cdc trrJiIng Va b{ln d{IC di nhftng gicio trinh drJf/C bien sog,n ti€.P MijC ldn tal oon sau cO chdt llA;lng tM han. M9i gop j xingUt viNXB Gicio due -81 Trdn Hr1ng D{lo -Hd N{)i

V1)THCN -DN

3

MiJdttu

Gitio trinh Kj thu~t ldp dq,t di~n dll{Jc bien soan. di cUf!ng do v¥ THCN - DN, B9 GUio due &·f)do tpo,my d1/ng va tMng qua. Niji dung d1A!C bien sO{ln thea tinh. tMn ng&n g9n, dl hie"u. Ccic kitn thuc trang toan b9 gUio trinh co mOl lien h~ 16git chq,t cke. Thy v~y, gicio trinh ciing chi ld m9t phdn trong n(ji dung cua chuyen. nganh ddo t{LO cho nen. ngudi dq.y, nglldi hoc cdn tham khiio them cdc giao trink co lien quan dO'i vdi nganh h9C dl v~c sU' d¥ng gicio trinh co hi~u qua han. .

Khi bien soan. gicio trinh, chung toi dii co' gang c~p nh(it nhilng kitn thac mai co lien quan den m6n hoc va phil hf!p vdi dol. tW;lng sit dll-ng ciing nhi: co' gang g&n nhi"tng ntji dung li thuyet v/Ii nhitng van di thl/c tt thztUng gq,p trong san xudt, ddi song de'giao trinh co tinh thuc tiln cao.

Ni)i dung cua gitio trinh dlbJC bien soq.n vrn dung lltflng 60 titt, gam:

Chuong 1 : KIEN rntc V A KY NANG co BAN ~ KY THU~T LAP D~T D$ Chuong 2 : rmr: HANH LAP DAT DWNG DAy mEN KHONG

Chuong 3 : THl):: HANH LAP DAT DttJNG DAy cAp

Chuong 4 : LAP DAT M~G DI~ CONG NGHIe,P

Chuong 5 : LAP D~T M~NG LillI D$ DAN Dl)NG vA CHIEU sANG.

Trong qua trinn sa dll-ng, tuy thea yeu cdu Cll- the" cO thl dieu chink srI tiet trong m6i chuang. Trang giao trinh, chung tOi kMng di ra n9i dung th1/c t(ip cua timg chuang, vi trang thi~t b~ ph¥c VlI- cho th1/c t(ip Clla cdc trztiJng khong d6ng nhfit. Vi v(iy, can cu vao trang thi£t bi dii cO'Clla titnC truang va khii nang to' duic cho hoc sinh th1!C tQ,p lJ cac xi nghi~p ben ngoai ma trttiJng xuy d1!ng thdi llt{!ngva n(ji dung th1!c t(ip c¥ tM - Thdi lztf/ng tht!c i4p tm thiiu noi chung cling khong it han thdi lzttJng h9C li thuylt cUa m6i man.

Gido trinli du{1c bien sopn cho dol. tltf!nC ·ld hoc sinh THCN, Cong nMn lanh nghl btJ.c 3/7 va no cling ld tai l~u tham kh&o Od ich cho sinh vien Cao da.ng kj thu(it ciing nhzt kj thu(it vien dang lam vi~c l! cae ca Sd kinh tl trong nhiiu linh. Vl!c khdc nhau.

M{ic du dii c/f gdng, nhllng ch&c chdn kMng trtinh. khOi hit khi(m khuye't.

Rat mong nh(in d1i{1c j ki£n dong gop cua ngztm sa d(l11g de'l6n tsii ban sau du(jc hoan chinh han. M9i gop j xin dzlt!c giti vi Nha XBOD - 81 1'rdn Hztng FJq.o, HaNi)i.

TACGIA

4

Chuang I

KIEN THlrC vA KY NANG CO BAN VE KY THUAT LAP £)AT £lIEN

. ..

§1-r1. KHAI NI~M CHUNG V~ KY' THU'; T LAp £>AT £)I~N'

1. T6 ch(rc cong vi~c J.lip d~t di(in

Noi dung t6 chtrc eOng viec bao g6m eac hang rnuc chfnh sau :

- Ki~m tra va thong ke ehinh xac cac hang muc eOng viec dn lam thea thiet kG va cac ban ve thi cong. Lap bang th6ng ke t6ng hop cac trang thiet bi, v~t ur, v~t lieu can thiet eho viec lAp d~t ~

_ - Lap bieu d6 tien d¢ lAp dat, b6 trf nhan luc pha hop v6i trlnh d<). tay nghe bac tho, trinh d¢ chuyen mOn thea tUng hang muc, kh6i ltrong va d6i nrong cong viec. Lap bi~u d6 luan chuyen nhan luc, eung clfp v~t tu va cac trang thiet bi dien thea tien d<) Jiip d*t ;

- Soan thao cac phieu cong nghe trong d6 mieu ta chi tiet cong nghe, cong doan eho tift ca cac dang cOng viec M,p d*t diroc d~ fa theo thiet ke ;

- Chon va dir tinh s6 hrong cac may m6c thi cong, cac dung CI:I phuc vu cho lAp d*t cting nhu cac phu kien clio thiet d~ tien hanh cong viec lAp d~t ;

- Xac dinh s6 Iuong cac phuong tien van chuyen cAn thiet ;

- Soan thao hlnh thirc thi cOng mao de thirc hien cac cOng vi~c lap d~t

dien cho cac tram mall hoac cac cong trlnh mAu ;

- Soan thao cac bien phap v~ ky thu~t an toano

Viec ap dung thiet ke t6 chtrc cong viec lAp d~t dien cho phep tien hanh cac hang muc cong viec thea bieu d6 va tien d<) thi cong cho phep fUt' ngan duoc thai gian Iap dat, nhanh ch6ng dua d6i tucng eOng trlnh vao van hanh,

5

Bi!u do uen d~ Hip d~t dien ducc thanh lap tren CO sa hiliu d6 tien d~ cua cac cong viec lAp d~t va hoan rhien. Khi biet duoc khoi hrong, thoi han hoan thanh cac cong viec Hlp d~t va hoan thien giup ta xac djnh diroc cuong d~ cong viec thea so gio - ngiroi. Tir d6 ta xac dinh diroc so d¢i, s6 t6, s6 nh6m din thiet d! thuc hien cong viec. Ta't d. cac cong viec nay duoc tien hanh theo bi!u do cong nghe, viec t6 clnrc diroc xem xet dua vao cac bien phap thirc hlen cong viec lap d~t.

Viec v~n chuyen v~t tir, v~t lieu phai tien hanh thea dung bieu do va can phai d~t hang che' t<.LO tnroc cac chi tilt ve dien dam bao s5n sang cho viec bAt dau cong viec lap d~t.

Cac trang thiet hi, v~t nr, v~t lieu dien phai diroc tap klt gan cong trlnh each noi lam viec khong qua 100m.

a mOi d6i urong cong trinh, ngoai cac trang thiet bi chuyen dung can c6 them may mai, ero, hom dung ClJ va may han can thiet cho cOng viec Hlp d~t dien,

Ngu6n dien phuc vu eho cac may m6c thi cOng la:y tir hroi dien tam thoi hoac cac may phat cap di¢n tai ehO.

2. Ta clurc cac dQI, ta, nh6m ChUYEIO rncn

Kinh nghiem chi ra rang khi xay dung, Hlp d~t cac cong trlnh dien c6 Him co quoc gia, dac biet ta khi khoi hrong lAp d~t dien lon, hop ly nha't ta t6 chirc cac d~i, t6, nh6m lAp d~t thea tirng Iinh vue chuyen mon, Viec chuyen mon h6a cac can bl? va cong nhan Hlp d~t d-i¢n thea tirng dang cong viec c6 th! tang nang sua't lao dong, nang cao chat luong, kha nang hoan thanh cong viec va c6ng viec duoc t ien hanh nhip nhang khong hi ngirng tre.

Cac d¢i, t6, nh6m lAp d~t c6 the t6 chirc thea CO cau sau :

- B~ phan chuan bi tuyen cong tac : khao sat tuyen, chia khoang cot, vi trf m6ng cot thea dja hinh ClJ the, danh dau, due 16 cac hop, tudien phan phoi, due ranh di day tren tuong, xe ranh di day tren nen (ranh cap, muong cap, hao ea)." ... ).

- ~ phan lap d~t cac dubng true va cac trang thiet bi dien, to. dien, bang dien,

- B~ pharr lAp d~t dien trong nha, ngoai troi ...

- :s., phan Hip d~t cac trang thiet bi di¢n va m<.LJlg dien cho cac thiet hi,

may m6e cling nhu cac eOng trlnh chuyen dung ...

,

Thanh phan, so hrong cac d~i, t6, nh6m diroc phan chia phu thuoc van

khoi hrong va thai han hoan thanh cong viec,

6

§1-2. MOT s6 KY HII~U THUcJNG DUNG

Ky hieu tren mat bang theo TCVN 185 - 74

1. Thiet bj dltn, tr",m bien ap, nha may dlin

S6 Ten gQi Ky hieu 56 Ten goi Ky hieu
IT IT
0 May dOi di¢n dung G--$
I. D(Jng cc dien khOng 10. d(mg co di¢n khOng
d6ng be') d6ng be') va may
pMI di¢nme')1 chieu
2. D(lOg co di¢n e II. NAn di¢n thuy ngan ¢
d6ng bl)
3. Dl)ng co di¢n ml)t 0 12. Nan di~n ban dan ~
chieu
4. May pMI di¢n e 13. Tram, tii, ngan II.! ~
d6ng bl) di¢n tinh '
Thi61 b] bao v¢ 8
5. May pMI di¢n 0 14. may thu vO tuyen
mot chieu ch6ng nhieu io,i
cOng nghi¢p
Me')t s6 de')ng cc tao () ~
6. thanh 10 truyen 15. Tram bien ap
dOng
7. May bi6n ap (]) 16. Tram phan pMi ~
di¢n
8. May II! bien ap ¢ 17. Trl.lm dOi di¢n 8
(bien ap II! ngau) (nan di¢n)
May bien ap hop bi? Q) NhA may di~n
0 A
9. co du chay va may 18. A - loai nbA may -
cdl di¢n B
B - cOng sutrl (MW) 7

2. Bang, ban, tu di,n

S6IT Ten gol Ky hieu
I
I. Bang, ban, Iii dh!u khien I

2, Bang phan ph6i di¢n - am
._.
3. Til phan ph6i di¢n (d¢ng II!C va anh sang)
4. Hop hoac Iii hang kep dau day g
5. Bang dien dung cho chieu sang lam vlec
I><J
6. BAng dien dung cho chieu sang sJ! c6

Mil hieu Iii va bang dien
7. A - s6 Ihil' II! tren m!)1 bang 'AS
B - mi hieu Ill.
S. Bang, hop tfn hieu ~ 3. Thiet b] khbi dQng, d6i noi

56 Ten goi Ky hi¢u 56 Ten goi Ky hieu
IT IT
I. Khaid!)ngliJ' 0 6. Di¢n khang ~
0 Hl)p d!)1 may d.1 ..
2. Bi!'n Ira 7. di¢n ha ap (ap 10
mal)
3. BO kh6ng che [p 8. Hop d!)1 cau dao o:::IJ
4. BI) kh6ng che' c::J 9. HQp d!)1 cau chay ~
kieu ban dap
5. ao khong che' kitu 0 10. HQp c6 du dao va CIJ
hlnh Ir6ng c4u chay 8

Thiet bi khoi dong, d6i n6i (tiep theo)

56 Ten gol Ky hieu S6 Ten goi Ky hieu
TT TT
II. HOp du dao dOi n6i EE 22. Hiim dien Iy tam LrJ
12. HOp khcri dOng thie't ~ 23. Xenxin @
hi dien cao ap
u
13. HOp d~u day vao 24. Nhiet ngju 1=-1

14. Kh6a dieu khien ~ 25. T€ bao quang dien ¢
15. HOp n6i day hai nga --B- 26. Nhiet k€ thuy ngan ~
c6 tiep diem
16. HOp n6i day ba nga ~ 27; Nhiet k€ di¢n tra 0
17. HOp n6i day re nhanh -fP- 28. Dung CI,I II! ghi [QJ
Nut dieu khien (s6 0
18. I • • I 29. Rale
cham IUy thea s6 nut)
0 May Mmdi¢n EJ
Nut dieu khien ba.ng (cOng to dien)
19. 30.
chan (Wh - may Mm
dien nang lac dung)
20. Ham dien hanh trlnh d 31. ChuOng dien _.R_
21. Ham di~n c6 c~ hieu d 32. Cbi di¢n ~ 9

4. Thiet bf dung di,n

S6IT Ttn gQi Ky hieu
II II
-
I. Lo dien tra


2. Lo h6 Quang 6

3. Lo cam trng I f'Q\ I

4. LO di¢n phan 0
5. 8<J truyen d¢ng dien tu ~
(de di~u khien may khinen, thuy lire ... )
6. May phan ly bang tu ffi
7. Ban nam cham dien ~
8. B¢ ham di¢n til [8J 10

5. Ol:lng cl:I chieu sang

S6 Ten goi Ky hleu S6 Ten gQi K9 hi¢u
11 IT
1. Den thuong ® 12. Den mo thul'mg c6 0
chup me)
2. Den thirong c6 chao e 13. Den ch6ng nO 8
khong chao
3. Den "anpha" .. 14. Den chong nO e
c6 chao
4. Den chieu sAu c6 ® IS. Den chju nO ElY
chao trang men
5. Den chi€u'sAu co CD 16. Den ch6ng tham va ~
chao trang gucng chong nO c6 chao
6. Den c6 bong trang ~ 17. Den cMng h6a cha:t e
guang an mon
7. Den thuy ngan ap hrc o 18. Den chi€u nghieng €]
cao
8. Den van nang khOng 8 I~. Den d~t sat urong CJ
chl:lP hoac sat tran axb
9. Oen van nang c6 0 20. Den cO co ~
Chl:lP
10. Den ch6ng mrec @ 21. Den chi€u sang •
va bui cue b¢
® Dlm chieu sang cue
11. Den mo thirong c6 22. bO. tron b¢ g6m co ~
chup trong su6t may giam ap. gilt lip.
bong den II

Dung cu chieu sang (tiep thea)

so TtngQi Ky hieu
TI'
a - s6 bong den -=-
23. Den huynh quang b - cOng su:ft b6ng den axb
(W) .
a - s6 b6ng den ®
24. Den chum huynh quang b - cling su:ft b6ng den axb
(W)
a - s6 b6ng den ®
25. Den chum b - cong su:ft b6ng den axb
(W)
a-56 bong den ~
26. Gia dO" den hlnh cau b - cOng sUil"t b6ng den axb
(W)
a-56 b6ng den CI'
27. Gi;i dO" den hlnhchen b - cOng suat b6ng den axb
(W)
a - s6 b6ng den 0
28. Gia dO- den hlnh try b - cOng su.ft b6ng den axb
(W)
ou dO-den a - ky hieu gia dO- Q
29. (ky hieu den v~ theo b - kii!u gia dO- axb
kii!u wang ung
X - xanh ••
30 Den tin hleu D - do
V - yang
31. Den b30 hieu chi cho d!?-t blnh chua chay @
32. Den bao hieu chua chay g
a - cong 5U.ft
33. Den pha b - g6c nghieng (0) ~ ax b
c - d¢ cao d~.t den (m) cxd
°
d - g6c ta ( ) .
6 cam dien hai cue a - kieu thireng 6 •
34.
b - kieu kin b
a 12

Dung cu chien sang (tilp thea)

SO"
17 Ten SQi Ky hieu
35. 6 cam dien hai cue c6 a • kieu thirong 6 •
qrc 1M ba n6i MI b· kieu kin
a b
36. 6 cam di~n ba qrc c6 a • kieu thuang 6 •
C,!C thu tu n6i dl1t b· kieu kin
a b
a· me)t eire c!' c5~
37. Ham dien kieu thuong b - hai CI,I'c
c - ba C\fC a b c
a - mot c\fc .- ~~
38. Ham di~n kit'!u kfn b - hai cI,I'c
C - ba CliC a b C
39. Ham dien hai chieu a - kieu thirong .J5' $
b - kieu kfn
a b 6. Chieu sang ngoai trO:i

S6 Ten gQi
11 Ky hieu
I. Cc)t berong Iy tam khong c6 den e

2. Ce)t betong vuOng khOng c6 den E3

3. COt sAt khOng c6 den ~

4. Den d,t tren ce)t Q
(ky hieu den va ce)t ve thea kieu nrong U"ng)
5. Den treo tren day
(ky hieu den ve thea kieu nrong irng) ------~-------
Diem kit'!m tra dO roi tfnh roan a-b
6. a - b • de) roi thea phuong (hang dUng ve hai phla = --
c - de) chieu sang thea phtrong ngang C 13

7. LU'd1 ditn

56 Ten gQi Ky hi¢u
IT
1. Dulmg dAy clla hr6i phan pMi dOng htc xoay chieu
d€nIOOOV a -
-
a - dUOng dAy tr4n
b - duang cap b - ~
2. Dulmg dAy cua 1L16i phan ph6i dOng hrc xoay chieu
tren I000V
a - _ .. __ ...... _ .. - .. --.- -
a - duang day Iran b - ------"'v------.
b - dtWng cap
3. DuOng dAy cua lu6i phan ph6i dOng Ilfc mOt chieu
---------.
4. Du<rng dAy clla lu6i phan ph6i dOng h,rc xoay chieu -X-Xr-X-
c6 t4n s6 khac 50Hz
5. Cap va dAy dAn rnem di dong dung cho dOng h,rc va 'V'
chilo sang
6. DuOng dAy cua lu6i chieu sang Him vi~c
a - d6i v6i ban vi! chi co chieu sang a-
b - Mi v6i ban vi! co lum dOng h,rc va chilu sang b-
1. DuOng day cua luoo chieu sang slf c6
a - ---------------
a - d6i v6i ban vi! chi co chilo sang
b - d6i v6i ban vi! co lum dOng II,IC va chieu sang b -
8. DuOng dAy clla hWi chilo sang hao v¢ ,
_t .. _ ...
9. DuOng dAy clla lu6i di~n du6i 360V

10. Duang dAy cua lu6i kiim tra, do luang tln hieu,
kh6ng ch€. dieo khitn. _ . .---.._
II. DuOng dAy clip treo vao day treo
---------------
12. DuOng true, di~n xoay chieu dung day dAn ho*c
thanh dAn
13. Duang true dien mQt chieu dung day dAn hoac - - -
thanh dAn
14. Thanh dan kin d,t tren tru dO' •
14

Ltroi dien (tiep theo)

56 nn gQi Ky hieu
IT
15. Thanh dan kfn dl)_1 tren gia treo •

16. Thanh dan kfn dl),1 tren gia d(t . I

17. Thanh dan kfn djJI du~i san ------
------
18. Duo-ng dAy Iruqt (trolley) - • - •
•
19. Duo-ng day n6i d51 hoac duo-ng day trung tfnh ~.--i-'-+-
20. N6i d51 tl! nhien ----M- . - . -it-
21. N6i d4"1 c6 coc
a - coc bAng thep 6ng, thep tron a- --0-+ . -r:rI- . -V-
b - CQC bAng thep hlnh b - ~ . -v-J- . ---v
22. ChO re nhanh ,

23. ChO ml),t cat dAy thay dOi 1(3xlO) 1(3xlO)
. -x-
24. a - duo-ng dAy di len
b - duo-ng day di lir dum len l J I I
c - duo-ng dAy di xu6ng , 1
d - duo-ng dAy di til tren xu6ng a b c d e g
e - duo-ng dAy di len va di xu6ng I
g - dllo-ng dAy xuyen til tren xu6ng
h
h - dllo-ng day xuyen lir du~i len
25. Cho co din cua thanh cai __/\_
26. Hep n6i cap •

T
27. H¢p cap re nhanh 15

Lu6i dien (ti~p thea)

56 Un goi Kybi~u
IT
- Y
28. He)p cap dau
29. Be) chong set ~
30. Day chong set ------------
31. N6i dat J_
32. Danb diu cac pha ;
Pha thtl nMt IA A ; pha tM hai III B.
A.B,C,O
Pha tM ba 1a C
AB, AC, Be • AD, BD, CO
Day trung tfnh la N. Diem trung tinh la 0
Chu thich. Tren ban vi! m~t bang cua Ihi~1 ke cai I~O, cac duffilg day dl'i c6 vAn cling dung
ky hi¢u nhir cac duang day thiet kl moo. nhung can them vao diu mili ten -+
vt a«. _......._. .. _ .. -+--
DuOng day dl1 c6 cua lu&i ph an ph6i dc)ng Il!c xoay chieu di~n ap tren lOOQV 16

8. Cae thanh ph'n trong m,t bling eong trinh xiy d&jng

S6 Ten g9i Ky hieu
IT
-
I. Ky hieu chung m6ng cua to may, tdl1Qng co, tu CJ
phan ph6i. tu dieu khitn v.v ...
2. 6ng d~t nOi -/-/-
-/-/}
3. Nh6m 6ng d~t nOi -/-/-
-/-/
4. 6ng d~t trong betong ho~c trong dlt c6 chi d(! san ~ -800
d~1 6ng. Vi d ... : san 800 mm
Nh6m 6ng d*t trong betong ho~c trong dt{t c6 chi }
5. Y -800
d(! sau d~t 6ng. Vf dl,l : sau 800 rnm

6. 6ng d*t nOi tren tnin cua tdng dll&i ----
Nh6m 6ng d~1 nOi tren tran cua tling dll6i ----}
7. ---- -
----
8. C,ap <l4t ndi ~
9. Nh6m cap d41 nOi ~ }~
10. Dua 6ng c6 cap xu6ng dlloi ~
11. 6ng di xuong dlloi c6 ghi d(! cao cua dau 6ng. ~+500
Vf du : 500mm I
,

2 - KTLElEl

17

Cac thanh phan trong mat bang cong trlnh xay dung (titp thea)

12. 6ng di len c6 ghi dQ cao eua d!u 6ng. " +100
Vf du : 100mm 01

13. 6ng xuyen qua san . •
14. Ktt cau dO" 6ng, cap day dan

15. -Duffilg day bj kep ch~t m¢t dau ] ..

16. Duong day b] kep ch6 hai dau til!p giap va n6i bang II! III ~
day leo t r

17. Day din ducc do bang v$t trung gian each dien .-

18. DAy tree, b] kep chat mot dau J------ ....
I I I l II
19. Muong cap I I

20. Muong cap I-'-"-T-T-T-n
(Tren m~t Mng cua thi€t k€ xay dung lai) 1_...1_...1_.1_.1_1- _Ll
21. Hao cap -N-N-
22. Hao cap --N--N--
(Tren mt-t bang cua thh!t k€ xay dl/Ilg I~i)
Bo cap N ~l
23. I I
) )
24, 86 cap r - --_,t - -.ji- - ~
(Tren mlf-t bang cua thi€t ke xay dlJllg lai) __ __ __I
a - gieng cap a- =D=
25.
b - nAp h4m, hao cap b - n

7rJ"fl /'iill
26. H4m cap I
rr: r:
27. Ham cap r --.fCP-- --$I
(Tren m*t bang cua thi€t ke xay dlJllg Ial) __ __ J 18

9. Chft viet tit va each ghi

S6 Ten goi Ky hieu
IT
I. Thi~t hi dun£, di~n
a - s6 hieu tren mil-I bang +
b - cong su4'1 dinh muc (kVA, kW), d6i v6i cac
Ihie't b] di~n phan (A) d hoil-c
c - dong di¢n lam chay cau chay hoil-c tac d¢ng may a
cat d4u day (A) b
d - d¢ cao dil-l thi~t bi (rn) r ,
2. Thanh dAn kfn n6i kieu cam TDc
_ ..

3. Thanh dan kfn n6i bang bulong I TDb
I
1
4. Duo-ng day, true DT
5. Day tnrot (trolley) Tr
6. Dil-l trong 6ng kim loai Ok
7. Dil-l trong 6ng each dien Ocd
8. Dl}.t trong 6ng thuy tinh 01
9. Dil-t trong 6ng m~m bang kim loai Om
10. Dl}.t rren vtJ,t each di¢n Cd 19

§1-3. cAc CONG TH(fC THUONG DUNG TRONG TfNH ToAN

1. cse eong thU'c ky thu,t di.n

- Dien tra m"t chleu cua day dan a 20°C

1

ro = p F'.Q

trong d6 : p - dien trlY su~t cua v~t lieu lam day dAn, .0 mm2/km, + d6i vci day d6ng'p = 18,5.0 mm2/km,

+ d6i voi da~nhOm p = 29,4.0 mm2/km,

+ d6i v6'i day hop kim nhOm p = 32,3 .0 mm2/km. 1- chieu dai duong day, km.

F - ti€t dien day dAn, mm2•

° Tt=ro+rocx(t-20)

trong do: To - dien tTbb 20°C,

ex - he s6 nhiet d¢

+ d6i vrri day d6ng cx = 0,0040 ;

+ d6i voi day nhorn cx= 0,00403 + 0,00429 ; + d6i vel day thep o = 0.0057 + 0,0062.

- Djnh luat Om d6i voi dong di¢n.m¢t chieu :

I =U hoac U = IR R .

d6i voi dong dien xoay chieu :

U

I = Z hoac U = I.Z

trong do: I - dong dien, A ; U - dien ap, V ;

R - dien tra, .0 ;

Z - t6ng tra. Q ;

Z = JT2 + (xL - xc)2

20

trong d6 : r - dien tro tac dung, n ; xL - dien khang, n ;

Xc - dung khang, n.

- Cong suat dong m()t chieu :

2 'U2

P=UI=I R= R

- Cong suit dong xoay chieu mot pha :

+ Cong suit tac dung P = Ulcoso ;

+ Cong suat phan khang Q = UIsin<p ~

+ Cong suit bi~u kien S = ~ p2 + Q2 = UL

- C6ng suit dong xoay chieu ba pha :

+ COng suit hie dl,lng P = 13 Ufcosrp, W ;

+ COng suit phan khang Q = ..fj Ulsino, VAr ; + Cong suA't bic!u kien S = 13 UI. VA ;

trong d6 : U - di¢n ap pha d6i v6i dong di~n xoay chieu m~t pha, dien ap day

d6i voi dong dlen xoay chieu ba pha, V ;

I - dong di~n, A;

R - dien tra, n ;

cos <p - h¢ s6 cong suat ;

<p - g6e lech pha giua veeto dien ap va vecto dong dien trong mach dong di¢n xoay chieu ;

coso e6 gia tri tit 0 tai 1.

2. Cong thuc va bang di xac dinh tlet dltn day din va gla tri tan that di,n tip tren dLtClng day tren khong di,n tip tdi 1000V

TOn that dien ap eire dai tinh theo phdn tram (b.U%) tren doan dirong day n6i tu may bien ap tai thiet b! tieu thu dien xa ohA't khong duqc virot qua 4+6%.

Viec xac dinh ti€t dien day d6ng va day nhorn tran cua dirong day tren khOng tai lkV diroc tien hanh theo cong thirc

M

F = c.6U%

21

trong d6 : F ~ ti€t dien day dan, mm 2 ; M - mOmen phu tai, kW.m

M = PI (tich cua phu tai - kW voi chieu dai duong day - m) C - h¢ s6 (xem bang 1 - 1)

.6.U - tOn tha't dien ap, %.

v [ du : Xac dinh tiet dien day dan ella duong day tren khong ba pha b6n day. dung day nhorn dien ap 400/230V e6 chieu dai I = 200m. Phu tiii ella dirong day P = 15kW, coso = 1. TOn thfl't dien ap eho phep .6.Ucp% = 4%.

Tinh momen phu tai M = PI = 15.200 = 3000 kW.m. Xac dinh ti€t dien day dAn mOi pha :

_ M _3000_ 2

F - C.6.U% - 50.4 - 15mm

Chon day nhom e6 tiet dien chudn 16inm2 - rna hieu A - 16 til tiet dien ga:n nhat vai tiet dien tfnh toan va 13 tiel dien day nho nhat thee quy trlnh trang bi dien eho phep d6i vm. day nhOm a clip dien ap O,4kV theo d() ben cohoc,

Kh~m tra lai t6n thlft di¢n lip :

M 3000

.6.U% = CF = 50.16 = 3,85% < .6.Ucp = 4%

Tiel dien day dAn chon thoa man yeu cau.

Trong tnrong hop eb xac dinh tiet dien day dan eua duong day e6 mo: vai phu t,U phan b6 doc thee duoog day, ta xac dinh mOmen phu tAi thee eOng thue :

trong d6 : Pl' P2, P3 •... - cac phu tai, kW

I}, 12.13, .•• - d(l dai cac doan duong day. m.

thay gia tr] M tinh diroc vao eOng thirc da neu tren,

Tier dien day dan ducc chon thee t6n thlft dien ap can phai kiem tra v~ d6t n6ng theo Phu luc ella giao trlnh Cung cap dien,

22

Bdng I-I

GIA TRT H~ 56 C Dt xAc DTNH T6N THAT DI~N Ap TRtN DUONG DAY DUNG DAy D6NG (M) vA DAY NHOM (A)

D~ng dong di~n, dien C Dang dong di~n, C
ap va h~ thong phan di~n ap va h~ th6'ng
phOi nang luqng DAy DAy phan pMi ning DAy Day
dOng nhOm luqng dong nhOm
Dubng day ba pha
~ b6n day (ba day pha
DUCmg day ba pha bdn mQI day trung dnh)
day 380/220V khi phu tAi 220/127V khi phy
phan b6 deu tren cac pha 83 50 tiii phan b6 d6ng deu 28 17
Dllbng day hai pha
DuOng day hai pha (hai (hai day pha, mQt day
dAy pha, mQt day mat) ella mat) ella h~ th6ng
h~ lh6ng bit pha 3801220V ba pha 220/127V khi
khj phu tlU phAn M deu ph\! tai phAn b6
tren cac pha 37 20 d6ng deu 12,2 7,5
DIli'mg day mQt pha
ho~e duong day dong Dubng day mQt pha
di~n mOt chieu nov 14 8,4 127V 4,6 2,75
Dui'mg dAy mQt pha
DIli'mg day ba pha l20V hoac dubng day
khi phu I iii pMn b6 dong dien mQt chieu
ddng deu 8 5 llOV 3,5 2
Dllbng day hai pha ella Dllbng day mQt pha
h~ thong ba pha l20V hoac dllbng day ~
khi phy Illi pMn b6 dong mQt chieu
dOng deu 3,6 2,2 120V 0,41 0,24 •

Trang tnrong hop dn xac dinh dong dien v6i gia tr] coso khac voi gia tri cho trong bang I - 2, c6 the tfnh dong dien thea cac cOng thuc sau :

+ D6i voi phu tai ba pba tfnh theo di¢n ap day :

1= P

J3u cose

+ D6i v&i phu tai met pba Hob theo dien ap pha :

1= P

U coso

23

Bdngl-2

DONG DI~N PHV THU()C V Ao CONG SUAT vA DIt,N Ap (110 - 380V)

•

Dong dien xoay chieu ba pha, A
Dong di¢n m(H
Di¢n lip, V pha ho~c m¢t
C6ng suat chieu, A
kW 120 220 380
cos Ql 110 220
0,8 I 0,8 I 0,8 I
.
0,5 3,1 2,4 1,6 1,32 0,9 0,7 4,5 2,3
I 6,0 4,8 3,3 2,6 1,9 1,5 9,1 4,5
2 12,0 9,6 0,5 5,2 3,8 3,0 18,2 9,1
3 18,1 14,4 9,8 7,8 5,7 4,5 27,2 13,6
4 24,0 19,2 13,1 10,5 7,6 6,1 36,4 18,2
5 30,7 24,1 16,4 13,1 9,5 7,6 45,5 22,7
6 35,4 24,2 19,6 15,7 11,4 9,1 54,5 27,2
7 41,4 33,0 23,0 18,3 13,3 )0,6 63,8 31,9
8 48,1 38,5 26,2 21,0 15,2 12,2 72,8 36,4
9 54,1 43,3 29,4 23,6 17,1 13,7 82,0 41,0
10 60,3 48,1 32,8 26,2 19,0 15,2 91,0 45,5
20 120,0 96,2 65,5 52,2 38,0 30,4 182,0 91,0
30 181,0 144,3 98,0 78,5 57,0 45,5 272,0 136,0
40 240,0 192,4 131,0 105,0 76,0 61,0 364,0 182,0
50 307,0 241,0 164,0 131,0 95,0 76,0 455,0 227,5
60 354,0 282,6 196,0 157,0 114,0 91,0 545,0 272,5
70 414,0 330,7 230,0 183,0 133,0 106,0 638,0 319,0
80 481,0 384,8 262,0 210,0 152,0 122,0 728,0 364,0
90 541,9 432,9 294,0 236,0 171,0 137,0 820.0 410,0
100 603,0 481,0 328,0 262.0 190,0 152,0 910.0 455,0 24

I I

.

3. Cong thU-c-v8 bang d6 xac ~inh tlet di~n dAy din va gia tr! tan that di,n ap tren dllbng day 3 .;. 10 kV

Tiet dien dl1emg day 3 + 10kV dtrqc chon thea m~t dQ dong dien kinh t€ thea bang I - 3. M~t dQ dong dien kinh t€ Jke la s6 ampe tren m¢t don vi ti€t dien.

Bdng 1-3

M!T Bc) DONG BI~N KINR T~ GIGI R~ (Jkt)

$6 gia str dung ph", lai M41 dl) dong di¢n kinh It" giai han
A/mm 2
C\lC d~i trong nam Chu thich
Tmax. h DAy d6ng Oaf Day IMp
nhOm
Trtn 1000 Mn 3000 2,5 1,3 0;45
Tren 3000 Mn 5000 2,1 1,1 0,40
Trtn 5000 de'"n 8760 1,8 1,0 0,35 m xac dinh tilt dien cho hr6idi¢n 3 + 10 kV thea mat dQ dong di¢n kinh t€ ta ti!"n hanh theo cac bum: sau :

- Tinh dong di¢n theo cOng thue :

S p

1= r=-: hose 1= r;;

",3U v3UI cos cp

- Xac dinh ti€t dien day dAn thea :

F=_I_ mm2 Jkl'

- Chon ti€t dien tieu chudn g~n nhit voi ti€t dien tinh thea cong thirc tren, Sau khi chon duoc ti€t dien chuan c~n ki6m tra lai t6n tha:t di¢n ap .1U (tfnh

thea %) so v6i t6n th<ft dien ap cho phep aUcp%.

T6n tha't dien lip cue d .... i cho phep d6i vai dllOog day 3 + IOkV khOng diroc virot qua 5 +6%.

TOn tha't dien ap (tlnh theo %) d6i vai dUOog day dung day d6ng va day nhorn dUQ'e xac dinh theo cOng thtrc sau :

aU% = MZ<p

IOU2

trong d6, M - mornen phu tai, kW.~m ;

Z(jl = Rcoso + Xsino - t6ng tra cua I km dllemg day, !l/km

(xem bang 1 - 4, 5), R - dien tro; X - di¢n khang phu thuoc vao coso ;

25

u - dien lip dinh rmrc cua Iu6i dien, kV ;

,

.6..U% - t6n that dien ap tren dubng day tfnh thea phan tram. COng

thuc tren chi dung cho dirong day c6 cung tilt dien, .

Bdng 1- 4. GIA TRl TONG TRO Zcp D61 val DUONG DAy 3 + 10kV DUNG DAy J)6NG

H¢ s6 cong suar MiidAy
COS'll M-IO M-16 M-25 M-35 M!...50 M-70 M-95 M-120 M-150
0,7 1,563 1,085 0,795 0,634 0,513 0,430 0,373 0,339 0,314
0,8 1,698 1,155 0,808 0,645 0,509 0,418 0,354 0,317 0,290
0,9 1,810 l,208 0,842 0,639 0,488 0,388 0,320 0,280 0,250 Bdng 1 - 5. GIA TRl TONG TRO Zip D61 VOl fHfONG nA v 3 + 10 kV DUNG nAv NHOM

H¢ s6 cong Sut(1 Mii dAy
coscp A-16 A-25 A-35 . A-50 A-7O A-95 A-120 A-15O
0,7 1,615 1,137 0,883 0,741 0,557 0,459 0,416 0,367
0,8 1,762 1,218 0,929 0,769 0,563 0,452 0,404 0,351
0,9 1,$89 1,279 0,956 0,780 0,550 0,439 0,377 0,319 Chu thich ; Ky hic;u rna day M - 10 : M - dAy d6ng tran, 10 - ti!t di~n chuhllOrnrn2 ; A - 16 :

A - day nhom Iran, 16 - tiet di¢n chudn 16mrn2

Vi du : Xac dinh ti€t dien dirong day di¢n ap 6kV dung day nhOm cung cap cho ba phu tiii PI = 100kW, P2 = 50kW, P3 = 30kW voi chieu dai cac dean dubng day I. = 2km, 12 = lkm, 13 = 3km c6 cung tic!t dien, he s6 cOng suat ella phu tiii cos cp = 0,8 ; thai gian sir dung cOng su4't T max = 3500h,

Gidi .-

- Tong phu tiii cua duimg day:

P = PI + P2 + P3 = 100 + 50 + 30 = 180 kW - Tfnh dong dien :

1= P = 180 - 21 6A

-J3u coso 1,73,6.0,8 - ,

26

- Tinh tie't dien :

Theo bang 1 - 3 vai Tmax = 3500h va day nhOm tra duoc Jkt = I,IA/mm2

F = _1_ = 21,6 = 19,18mm2

] kt 1,1

- Chon tie't dien chuiin :

Chon day nhorn c6 tie't dien chudn g~n nh.!t rna hieu A - 16 c6 ti€t dien chudn la 16mm2

- Ki~m tra lai t6n th4't dien ap :

AU% = MZcp = [(180.2) + (80.1) + (30.3)].1,762 = 2,46%

IOU2 10.62

AU% = 2,46% < AUcp% = 5 + 6%

- Ki~m tra tie't dien day dan da chon thea di~u kien phat n6ng (Phu luc cira giao trlnh Cung cap dien), vm day A - 16 dong dien lam viec Iau dai cho phep la l05A > 21,6Av~y day din dUQ'c chon thoa man ca di~u kien tdn th4't dien ap lAn di~u ki¢n phat n6ng.

4. Tinh toan di,n cho dllc)ng day 35kV

- Tiet dien cua dumtg day 35kV duQ'c tfnh toan va chon thea mat dt') dong dien kinh te'.

- TOn thllt dien ap tren duang day 35kV dUQ'c tfnh ke't hop v6i t6n thllt dien ap trong may bien ap (35/3 + 10 kV) de! lua chon nl1'c d~t dliu phan ap dam bac nang dUQ'c dien ap tren thanh cal dliu ra (3 + IOkV) lOO hrm 5% gia tr! di¢n ap dinh rmrc,

Viec tfnh toan duang day tit 35kV tra len do CO' quan thi.!t kt dam nhiem.

§1-4. DAY DAN vA DAY CHONG SET

1. Khai ni,m chung

Duong day truyen tili dien tren khong gem day dan de truyen tai j _ phan

ph6i dien nang d~t ngoai troi diroc treo tren cet nhc xa va suo Duang day

tren khong duoc phan thanh ba cap,

+ Duong day cap 1 18 dirong day c6 dien ap dinh mire 100 han 35kV khong phu thuoc vao loai hI') tieu thu va ducng day c6 dien ap 35kV cung cap dien cho hI') tieu thu loai 1 va II.

27

+ Dllang day ctrp II bao g6m dllO'ng day 35kV ca'p di~n cho hQ tieu thu loai III va dllemg day c6 dien ap dinh muc 100 han IkV toi 20kV khong phu thuoc vao loai hI) tieu thu,

+ DllffiIg day cap Ill Ia dUCrng day c6 di~n ap dinh rmrc tir IkVtra xuong khOng phu thuoc vao loai ht) tieu thu,

Ho tieu thu dien ding dugc phan thanh ba loai sau :

+ HI) loai I g6m cac ht) tieu thu dien quan trong, khi cung clfp dien gian doan c6 tM gay nguy hiem chlt ngirei, tOn that 1611 cho nen kinhte quoc dan, hu hong thiet bi, hir hong hang loat san 'f'h4m, r6i loan cac qua trmh cOng nghe plnrc tap va cac bt) phan d~c biet quan trong cho sinh hoat thanh ph6.

+ Ht) loai II la cac hQ tieu thu dien khi cung ca'p dien bi gian doan se Jam hut rmrc kl hoach hang Ioat san pham, lang phi nhan cong, dlnh tr¢ may m6c va v~n tAi cOng nghiep, r6i loan s1! hoat dQng blnh thirong cua phdn 16'0 nhan dan thanh ph6.

+ HQ loai IIIla nhii'ng ho tieu th\l dien khongthuoc hai loai tren, D6i vci dirong day tren khOng, dung day dAn mt)t soi hoac nhieu sqi phai c6 tilt dien t6i thieu thea bang 1 - 6.

Bdngl-6

TltT DltN aoxc DUONG KiNH T6I THI~U CRO PREP-

. . CVA DAy DAN

ca:p dubng day
Ca:u true day V~t lieu
I II III
DOng KhOng eho phep IOmm 2 6mm 2
MOt sQi Thep " ,3,5 mm cjl3mm
NhOm " KhOng eho T>hep 16mm 2
(Day don) .
DOng 25mm 2 IOmm 2 6mm 2
Nhieu sqi Thep 25mm 2 16 mm 2 ,3mm
(Day v~n xoan) NhOm 35mm 2 25 mm 2 16mm 2 28

D6i vai day mot soi giai han tren cua tilt 'dien va duang kfnh diroc quy dinh thea bang 1- 7.

I I

-

Bung 1 - 7. GIOI H~N TRtN vi Tuh nl~N VA DUONG KiNH eVA nA. Y M(JT SOl

i

•

Cip dllong day
V~I \i¢u
II III
D6ng 16mm 2 16 rnm 2
Thep ,6mm ~5 mm 2. Sue ben gidi han va SUe ben cho phep

Gia tr] sue ben gioi han lam d61 day dAn va day chOng set co cac rna hieu . khac nhau neu trong bang 1- 8.

Bung 1 - 8. sue BEN GIOI H~N

V~lli¢u Ma day ho~c day chong set Sue ben gi6'i han, kG/mm 2
D6ng M -4 + M -185 39
Nhom A - 25 + A - 35 15
" A-50 + A - 185 16
Thcp nco - 3 + nco - 6 55
" DC - 25 + nc - 70 65
" nC-95 70
" . CT - 35 + CT - 50 120 Ty sO gia tri sue ben gioi han vci gia tri lIng suat Ian nh~t cho phep cua day dAn diroc goi In he sO du tcu ben n. Gia tri h~ sO du tcu ben tieu chuan cho rrong bang 1 - 9 va 1 - 10.

Bang 1- 9

H~ s6 ntr TR(J' BEN eVA nA. y nAN DlfONG nA. Y CAP III

D~e diem noi hip d~1 Dac diem day dAn H¢ s6 dl! tril'
n
Noi khong va eo dan cir, di Day mQI sqi tit ca cac rna 2,5
ngang qua cae c6ng trrnh •
kien true DAy nhieu sqi tilt d. cac rna 2,0 29

I I

-

II

..

Bting 1-10

H~ s6 mr TRO' B£N eVA oAy DAN vA DAy CH6NG SET D61 VOl DUONG oA. Y CAP I V A II

j

•

i

,

.

D,e diim ncri lAp d~t Di1e di!rn va rna dAy dan va H¢s6 Chii chich
day chOng set dl! tret n
Noi khOng c6 dan ell Day m/)t sgi tit ca cac rna 2,5
DAy nhi~u sgi tit ca cac rna 2
Noi c6 dan cu.. di DAy nhieu sgi : D6i vai day dan c6
ngang qua cae cOng M - 70 va thap han 2,5 tiet dien 100 han h¢ s6
trmh ki!n true dl,l tril n = 2
A - 120 va tMp han 2,5
C - 25 va thap hon 2,5
AC - tac ca cac tiet dien 2 3. MQt so cong th((c tinh toan co khi duong day va day chong set - D() yang

12y f=-

8a •

trong d6 : 1 - chieu dAi khoang virot, m ;

y - suat t:ii trong (tai trong rieng) tac dQng len day dan a che d(> tinh toan, kG/m.mm2 ;

a - -ung suat trong day dan b ch€ d¢ tinh roan, kG/mm2

- Chieu dai day dan trong khoang Vllgt

8f2

L=I+-

31

- DQ dai n6i hose cAt day dan trong khoang vuqt de dieu chinh dQ vong

b = 8n (f2 _ f2)

31 de

trong d6: n - s6 khoang vucr trung gian trong khoang dU<;1c neo ; fdc - d¢ vong sau khi dieu chinh, m ;

f - dQ vdng tnroc khi dieu chinh, m ;

- Lire cang tinh toan cua day da.n ho~c day ch6ng set T::: aP.

trong d6: F - ti€t di~n day dan ho~c day ch6ng set, mm2

0' - irng suat ella day dan a eh€ d¢ tinh toan, kG/mrn2•

30

4. Chi phi day din va day chong set

Chi phi day dan va day ch6ng set tren 1 km dtrong day ba pha cho trong bang 1-11 a va 1-11 b

Bdng t-u«

CHI PHI DA. v DAN TRtN 1 krn f>(fONG DA. V BA PHA XUAT TUVtN Tutu CHUAN

Kh6i Kh6"i KMi Kh6i
M1i day luqng lueng Ma day luong hrong
day, bao bi, day, bao bi,
nn (t) Tan (I) Tfn (t) T4"n (t)
M-16 0,46 . 0,16 A - 15 0,14 0,1 J
M-.25 0,70 0,23 A-'25 0,21 0,12
M-35 O,9~ 0,26 A-35 0,30 0,15
M-50 1,42 0,34 A-50 0,43 0,19
M-70 1,98 0,45 A-70 0,60 0,27
M-95 2,69 0,56 A-95 0,84 0,39
M-120 3,40 0,68 A-120 1,02 0,45
A-I50 1,32 0,54
AC-35 0,43 0,15 rrc - 35 va IlMC - 35 0,93 0,33
AC-50 0~61 0,23 nc - 50 va IlMC-50 1,26 0,35
AC-70 0,85 0,34 nc - 70 va IlMC - 70 1,83 0,35
AC-95 1,36 0,45
AC-120 1,59 0,45
AC - 150 h96 0,60
AC- 185 2,40 0,68 Bang I-lIb

CHI PHi CH6NG SET TRtN 1 km DUONG oA V (M()T DA. Y)

Mil day ch6ng sel Kh6i luong day Kh6i lirong bao bl
chong set, T4"n (I) TIln (t)
C-35 0,32 0, II
C-50 0,42 0,11
C-70 0,61 0,11 31

§1-5. ecv). PHU KI~N

. '.

S6' va. phu kien cua dlfang day phu thuoc vao di¢n ap va gia tri cua dlfang day. Cac s6' thuong dung la su dirng (sl'r kim) hoac su treo.

Thy theo cap dien ap rna sir dung cac loai suo

Deli vm duong day c6 dien ap tir 35 kV tra xu6ng thuong dung su dirng, khi duong day vtrot song, vuqt qua duong giao thong hoac khi khoang virot 1& c6 th~ dung sl'r treo de tang wang kha nang chiu luc. SU dirng Hoang Lien San c6 ky hieu VHD - 6, VHD - 10, VHD - '35, chfr s6 chi cd"p dien ap cua dirong day.

D6i v6'i duong day c6 dien ap tir 110 kV tra len dung su treo. Su treo c6 ky hieu n - 3 + n - 6 (Lien xo cu),

Chuei s6' treo g6m cac bat s6'. Tuy thea cap dien ap cua dirong day rna chuei su c6 s6 bat khac nhau.

Dien ap 3 + 10 kV - 1 bat, 35 kV - 3 bat, 1 IOkV - 7 bat, 220kV - 13 bat. ... Khi can tang cirong ve luc cling nhu ve each dien, s6 bat sl'r c6 the tang len 1 + 2 bat su.

Viec kep day dAn vao su dirng dtroc thuc hien bang each qulin day hoac bang cac ghip kep day chuyen dung.

Viec kep day vao sl'r treo dtroc thirc hien bang cac kh6a kep day chuyen dung, Viec kep day c6 the! kep chat (c6 dinh), v6'i muc dfch du trO' dQ ben gi6'i han con cho phep kep tnrot, kep-Iong. Kep tnrot va kep long khOng nen dung voi cac doan dirong' day kh6 sira chua (nhu khoang vU<Jll6'n, bai song, bai sinh lay, dAm lay, song rach ... ).

H¢ s6 dir tm dQ ben CC1 hoc cua sl'r dirng I§'y bang 2,Sv& su treo Id"y bang :. H¢ s6 du trfi' dQ ben cC1 hoc cua cac kep va ph I}. kien Illy bang 2,5.

CQt dien cua duong day tren khong duqc phan loai thea nhiem vu :

- CQt dAu va cu6i tuyen chiu di trong khOng can bang ve hai phia nen phai lang ctrong chiu Il!c bang cac cQt c6 cirong dQ chiu luc cao, hoac phai trong cor kep.

- Cot dO' trung gian chiu tai trong can bang c6 the dung cet dan.

32

- CI)t gee chju tai trong keo nghieng nen phai tang cirong bang day neo hoac dung cot kep.

Cac cot thirong dung la cot be tong c6t thep dang ehil H, chir K hoac el)t tron (e¢t I y tam L T) va c¢t thep.

Bdng 1-12

TH()NG s6 CUA sn DO Dtr<JNG DAy H~ Ap (U S 0,5 kV) (LItN X() CU)

Kfch thu6'c, mm Luc pha hoai Kh6i
V~IIi¢u Kitu sa lucng
H D d R R, cho phep, kG kg
llIJIH - I 98 88 19 9 9 1000 0,68
.IIJJIH-2 78 72 19 8,5 7 800 0,38
SU
IJ1JIH-3 61 58 15 6 4- 300 0,17
llIJIH-4 48 52 14 5 5 150 0,115
Sa llIJIHC-2 78 80 22 810 0,35
thuy tinh - - Chu thfch : 1lI - su dang (sl1 kim), JI - dubng dAy, H - di¢n lip IMp, C - thuy tinh

Bdngl-13

ThONG so CVA SO'DO Dtr<JNG DAy CAO Ap (LItN X() cit)

KIch Ibu6'c, mm Di¢n Lvc pha Kh6i
V~t lieu Kitu su- mnh ap, hoai cho IUQ'ng
H D d r kV phep, kG kg
sa llIC-6 90 120 25 8,5 6 1400 0,85
thuy tinh ll1C-6 91 120 26 - 6 1400 0,75
Su- mC-1O 105 140 26 10 10 1400 1,30
thuy tinh urc-ro 110 150 26 - 10 1400 1,30
.
Sa 1lI.Q-20 190 185 32 8 20 2000 3,40
Sa m.Q-35 255 255 44 9 35 3000 9,40 CM thfch : ill - sa dang (sa kim), C -lu6'i, .n: - kitu (Delta).

3 - KTLVf)

33

Bang 1-14

xtca THU()e eo BAN eVA sir TREO(LltN xo coi

Kfch thu&, mm L\l'C pM hoal Kh6i lugng
Kitu
H D d cho phep, kG kg/IbM
n-3 150 245 - 14 4500 4,8
n-4,5 ' 170 270 16 6000 6,7
n-6 180 300 20 8000 8,5
n-8,5 203 320 22 10500 11,8
n-ll 215 350 24 13500 14,3 Kfch thirdc ml)t s6 loai cl)t be tong c6t thep cho trong bang 1 - 15

Bang I -IS

KtCH THU()C cAc LO~I C()T

Kfchlhu& Kfch thuac Trong DQ thuOn cm/m
Ten cQI dAu cOt (mm) g6c COl (mm) hreng, kg
M~t khee (k) M~t ylu (y)
TH-7,5B 120 x 120 246 x 370 703 1,68 t 3,33
TH-7,5A 120 x 120 262 x 380 720 1,89 3,47
TH-8,5B 120 x 120 280 x 420 833 1,88 3,53
TK-IOB 120 x 150 390 X 520 1300 2,7 3,7
TK-1OA 120 x 150 390 x 520 1780 2,7 3,7
TK-12B 120 x 150 366 x 637 1780 2,05 4,06
TK-12A 150 x 200 366 x 644 1800 1,8 3,7
TK- 14t;J 120 x 150 372 x 668 1950 1,8 3,7
TK-14A 150x 200 402 x 718 2250 1,8 3,7
LT-IO 190 320 1100 1,3
LT-20 190 450 2200 1,3 34

Luc lac dQng len dliu cOt cho phep cua cac loai c()t cho trong bang 1 - 16,

Bdngl-16

LVC l'AC D«)NG LtN DAU COT CUO PUEP

L\lc dli.u cOt (kG) Luc dli.u cOt (kG)
Loai cOt Loai cOt
Fk Fy Fk Fy
TH-7,5D 334 179 TK - 12B 879 346
TH-7.5A 558 210 TK-12B-K 1040 350
TH-8.5B 308 189 TK-12A 1245 336
TK- 8,5A 546 215 TK-14A 1152 ., 340
TK-IO B-K 603 210 LT- 10 610
TK-IOA-K 947 272 LT-20B 920 a) sa dO 0,5 kY

b) Sad06+ JOkY

c) sa ee 20 + 35 kV

d) Blit sd treo

Hlnh 1-1. sa d" va su treo duemg day tren khOng

35

§1-7. BO TRi DAY DAN TREN CQT 1. EhtCSng day h, ap

Cac dirong day ha ap O,4kV thuong c6 4 day (3 day pha + 1 day trung tfnh), Tiet dien day trung tfnh khi phu tiii ba pha d6i xrmg thuong I1fy bang met nira ti€t dien day pha con khi phu taikhong d6i' xung, lech pha nhieu (phu tili sinh hoat dan dung) c6 th~ lay bang tilt dien day dAn pha.

Viec b6 tri khoang each gitta cac pha, giii'a pha vm dlft phu thuoc vao khoang each giii'a cac cot. Khoang each giira cac day dAn dien tip Uti lkV cho trong bang I - 17. Khoang each til' day dan too xa dO' su khOng nho hon 7cm.

Bang 1 -17

KHOANG CACH GnJA cAc nAy DAN CVA DUONG DA y H~ A.p

Khoang each. em
Ditu kien lAp d~1 Theo chieu Theo chieu nam ngang
thAng dUng Khoang e¢t tm 30m Khoang e¢! tren 30m
Hi han che 40 20 30
Kheng b] han eh~ 60 40 40 2. £lllang day 3 + 35kV

Khoang each gina cac day dan phu thuoc vao dif!u kien lAp d~t, ki~u su. Viec b6 tri khoang each giii's cac day dAn tren cQt duoc thuc hien theo bang 1- 18.

Bang 1-18

KHOANG CACH GI(jA cxc DA. y nAN

CVA DUONG nAy TRtN KHONG DI¢N Ap 3 + 35 kV, em

Khoang cot, m
Ditu kien lAp d~t ' Tdi
50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 300
I. Duong day e6 dien lip djnh rmrc tm IOkV dung su dimg, kMng phu thuec vao viec bt'5 ttl
day dan tren cet,
'1! h~n che 80 80 90 110 130 150 175 - -
Khong bi han che 100 125 175 200 225 - - - - 36

Khoang each e¢t, m
Dilu kien Hip d~1 T~i
50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 300
2. Dllong day co di¢n lip 20 + 35 kV dung sli dUng, day din b6 trf bit ky tren e¢t cling nhu
dung sa treo dAy dAn b6 trf tren e¢t thea chieu Ihing dling
B] han che 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 - -
Khong b] han che 175 200 225 250 275 - - - -
3. DtKmg day e6 dien lip dinh mac 20 + 35kV dung sa treo day dan b6 trf tren e¢t theo m~t
phAng nam ngang
Bj han che - 175 200 225 250 275 300 350 400
Khong b] han chI! - 250 275 300 300 325 350 400 450 §1-8. KHOANG eAeH GIO'A eAe DAY DAN TOI MAT BAT vA M~T NLTOe

Trong di~u kien nhiet d¢ khong khi cua moi tnrong eao va khong e6 gi6 khi d~ vong cua day dan Ion nhat, khoang each tu m<;lt ditim ba't ky cua day dan toi m~t da't va m~t mroc khong diroc nho han gia tri cho trong bang 1- 19,

Bang 1-19

KHOA.NG CACH GAN NHAT eVA ntroxc DA Y TRtN KH()NG

061 VOl M~T DAT vA M';"T NU'OC, m '

Di¢n lip, kV
Ten goi
T~i 1 3 + 10 35
Vung dong dan ell 6 7 7
Vung dan ell thua thot 5 6 6
Song h6 tinh va khong qua I{li diroc, m~t 1I116'e phing 5 5,5 6
Song h6 e6 rmrc mroc thay dOi, so voi mue cao nh1ft va 3 3 3
kh6ng e6 Ihuyln be qua lai
Vung e6 m~t d¢ dan ell th1fp, v~r, chuyen kh6 khan (vung 4 4,5 5
du ell, thao nguyen, rung ram, viing nui, dim liy ... )
Viing d6i mii di I{li ducc 4 4,5 5
Vung d6i mii khong di lai dllqe 1 1,5 3 37

Trong d6:

- Vimg c6 dan cu bao g6m pham vi d€t dai cua cac xi nghiep cOng nghiep, cang, Mn phs, ben tau, be'n do, ben cang,·ga duang sat, thanh ph6, thi xii. thi tran, lang xii. congvien cong ceng, cac duang 100.

- Pham vi da't dai cua cac xi nghiep cOng nghiep dugc coi la pham vi da't dai dugc bao boc boi nrong rao,

- Vung khOng c6 dan cu 18. nhUng noi khOng dugc xay dung mac du van thuong c6 may m6c v$n chuyen, may m6c nOng nghiep va c6 ngtroi qua lai.

- Nhtrng noi phu c~ dugc xay dung clla thanh ph6, vuan nroc, cac cong trlnh xay dung each biet dUng d¢c l$p cling dugc xem nhu la vung dan cu thua th6t.

§1-9. £>9 CHON SAU CUA COT BieN H~ Ap DUOl1kV

. .

Kich thuoc chOn sau cQt duqc xac dinh dua vao chieu cao cua cot, s6

hrong day dan mac tren cl)t, di~u kien da't dai cfing nhu cac bien phap dao, d~m da't. Kich thuoc chon c¢t betong, c6t tMp cho trong bang 1 - 20.

Bdng 1-20

KICH THU{JC CHON sAu COT DO TRUNG GIAN DUONG DAy DU{JI lkV

TOng ticSt Kfch tbuac chOn sau cOt" m
dien day DO cao toan bO cua cOt so v6i m~t dt(t, m
D~c tfnh cua da:t din mac T6i 8,5 11+12 T6i 8,5 11+12
tren cOt
2 03.0, d4m drt Olio, dAm d(t
mm
bing tay bang may
150 1,8 2,15 1,6 1,75
04t set, d4t pha cat Mo bOil nm, ap 300 2,3 2.5 1,8 2,0
suilt tfnh roan len d(t IkG/cm2
500 2,7 2,9 2,0 2,3
OAt set, dAt pha cat c6 dO ain t\l' nhien, , 150 1,5 1,8 1,4 1,5
dAt hoang thO kho, cat am It, ap suAt tfoh 300 1,9 2,2 1,6 1,8
toan len dAt 1,5 + 2 kG/cm2 500 2,3 2,5 1,8 2,1
DAt s~t chAc, d(t soi da, soi Un cat, 150 1.35 1,6 1,2 1,3
d4t d4 dim, 4p su4t tfnh toan len dAt 300 1,70 2,0 1,4 1,6
2,5 kG/cm2 500 2,10 2,2 1,6 1,9 38

§1-10. DUONG DAY £>1 QUA cAe VUNG £)AC BIt:T vA GIAO CAT VOl cAe £)61 TUQNGKHAc .'

Quy dinh ve dllbng day di ngang qua cac vung d~c bi¢t va giao cat v6i cac d6i nrong khac neu trong bang 1 -,2 k

DllOng OtO dugc phan thanh 5 loai : _

- Loai 1 la loai dllffilg c6 y ngbia kinh te'. y nghia hanh chfnh va van h6a d~c bi¢t quan trong, c6 cllCmg de) giao thOng qua l~i IOn.

- Loai 2 la loai dlfffilg c6 y nghia kinh t~. hanh chinh va van h6a Ian trong nen kinh te qu6c dan. c6 cllimg de) giao thOng 16'0.

- Loai 3 Iil. loai dlfimg c6 y nghia kinh te'. hanh chfnh, VW1 h6a khu V\Ic. c6 cumtg dl!) giao thOng qua l~i trung blnh,

- Loai 4 Ut loai dUOng c6 y nghia kinh t!. hanh chfnh, van h6a dia phuong, c6 cirong de) giao thOng qua lai thtfp.

- Loai 5 Hi Ioai dllOog c6 y nghla 18. dUCmg xutft phat cua cac duong giao

thOng di Iai khac. •

Bang 1- 2I

KHOANG CACHNH6 NHAT eVA DAy DAN KHI DI NGANG QUA f)UbNG sAT, f)lfONG oro, f)UONG DAy KHAc vA DUONG 6NG HOI, Ntt(}C

Khoang each, m
D~c tinh cua dU'Ong day cAt ngang Di~n ap duoog day, kV
h·W 20 35
Til' day dan l6'i dinh eua duoog ray a cM dQ lam viec blnh
thuOng cua dUOng day:
+ Duang sal khOng di~n khi h6a 7,5 7,5 7,5
+ Duemg sat gip khUc hep khOng sir dl,lRg chung 6,0 6,0 7,5
T6i nen dubng OtO Ioai I va loai II 7,0 7.0 7,0
cat ngang qua dll()ng day di~ We va dltbng day thOng tin li~n I~. 2 3 3
CAl ngang qua dUOng day cao ap khac va cac dlWng 6ng nu6c, 3 3 4
6ng hoi hoac dUOng v4n cbuyen bang cap treo
CAt ngang qua dUOng day cao ap va day din eita tau di~n, 010 • 3 3
chay di¢n 3
- '" D6i v6i dien ap thip (du6i I kV) khoang each bAng I,5m.

39

§1-11. TRANG Bt N61 £)AT

1. Khitl ni~m chung

.. Dirongday toi IkV :

1) Trong cac trang thi€t bi di¢n co trung tinh n6i dAt true tiep, day trung tinh dn phai duoc n6i dAt a ngu6n cung cap, a cac nha may dien, cac tram bien ap va n6i dAt i~p lai tren dueng day tren m6i cay s6. Dien tra n6i dAt cua cac ngu6n cung cap (may phat dien, may bien ap) khOng duoc viret qua 40. Rieng voi cac thiet bi co cong suat be (toi IOOkVA), dieu kien n6i da.'t kho khan, trang bi noi dAt co tM cho phep khong vuot qua 100. Dien tra n6i da.'t cua m6i di~n eire n6i dat I~p Iai khong duoc vugt qua gi6i han Ion d6i voi cac thier bi co cong suat 160 va khOng virot quagioi han 30n d6i v6"i cac thiet bi co cong suat t6"i lOOk V A.

Cot thep, xa ciia c¢t betong c6t thep dn diroc n6i dAt qua day n6i da.'t.

2) Trong cac thiet bi co trung tinh each di.¢n, dien tro cua trang bi n6i dAt kh6ng duqc virot qua 40. Khi cOng suat may phat, may bien ap tbi 100 kVA trang bi n6i da.'t cdn co di¢n trokhong qua 100. C¢t thep va cac xa elm cot betong cot thep can phai n6i da.'t vci di¢n tro n6i dAtkh6ng duoc virot qua 50n.

3) Tren tAt eft cac duong day tren khong co dien ap toi IkV, d~ phong ngira qua dien ap khi quyen truyen vao, cac day dAn trong nha dn phai thuc hien n6i da.'t voi dien tra khong dircc vuot qua 30n. Gia tri dien tro n6i dat nay cilng dung de thirc hien n6i da.'t l~p lai day trung tinh.

Khoang each phan b6 trang b] n6i dAt dtrong day ha ap tren khong, khong diroc virot qua 200m d6i voi vung co hoat d~ng set trung blnh (tir 10 toi 30 gio set trong nam) va 100m d6i voi vung co hoat dong set cao,

Khi hoat d~ng set toi 10 gio set trong mot nam, viec n6i da.'t chi diroc thuc hien a cac nhanh re vao nha,

4) Khi dirong day ha ap dubi lkV giao cAt voi dirong day 3 + 35 kV dn phai d~t them khe ha phong di¢n d~ bao v¢ qua dien lip tren dirong day ha ap 't6'i IkV. Dien tra n6i da.'t cua khe ha phong dien nftm trong khoang 10 + 20n .

.. Duong day tren khong 3 + 35kV, tuy thea dien ap ta thirc hien n6i dAt cho : a) Cac c<}t thep va betong c6t thep cua :

- Duong day 35kV trong hl6"i c6 dong ngan mach cham da.'t nho

40

- Ducng day 3 + 20 k V chi a vung dOng dan cu

Di¢n tra n6i ddt ella cac el)t khOng dtroc virot qua Ion.

b) Cac cot thep va betong e6t thep di¢n ap 3 + 35kV tren d6 e6 d~t thiet b] bao v¢ qua dien ap do set hoac treo day chong set.

Trong tnrong hop nay dien tra n6i dl1"t ella cac cl)t thirc hien thea bang 1 - 22.

Bang 1-22

BI~N TRO N6I BAT CVA DUONG DAy CAO APTR:tN KHONG DItN Ap TR:tN lOOOV

Dien Ira suAt cua d!l, Dien tra Irang b] n6i Mt;
n.cm n
Toi 104 Toi 10
Tren 104 loj 5.104 Toi 15
Tr!n 5.104 toi 10.104 T6'i 20
- 4 T6i 30
Tren 10.10 2. Trang b] nOi dat

N6i dl1"t tv nhien bao g6m :

1) Cac dirong 6ng nucc, cac duong 6ng bang kim loai trir cac duong 6ng dAn khf d6t h6a long cung nhu nhfrng' dirong dan khf d6t va cac khi de chay de nd ;

2) Cac 6ng chon sau ;

3) K€t cau kim loai ella cac nha b va cong trlnh xay dung chon sau trong dl1"t;

4) Vo chi cua cac duang cap chon trong dl1"t. N 6i dl1"t nhan tao bao g6m :

1) Cac coc thep tron hoac thep g6c, thep 6ng d6ng thing dung xu6ng dl1"t ;

2) Cac thanh thep det, thep tron d~t nam ngang trong dl1"t.

Kfch thiroc t6i thieu cua cac dien cue n6i dl1"t (cac coc, 6ng, thanh) cho trong bang 1- 23.

Dien tru khuech tan cua cac dien cue khac nhau ducc xac dinh thea cong thirc : a) D6'i vci 1 coc thep diroc d6ng trong dl1"t

41

2,3plg"d p

Rc<;>c = 2 ' .Q hoac Rc<;>c = 0, 9}, .Q

41

trong d6 : p - dien tra sua:t Clla da:t, 0., cm ; 1 - chieu dai CQC, cm ;

d - duang kfnh 6ng (coc), em ;

Khi dung thep g6c thay d = O,95b ; b - canh cua thep g6c, cm ;

b) D6i voi he th6ng CQC n6i song song RCQC RHTcoc = -- ,0. ;

. 11n

trong d6 RcQc- di¢n trb n6i dtft cua mQt CQC, 0. ; n - 86 coc ;

11 - h¢ s6 sir dung dtft, phu thuoc vao viec phan b6 va kfch thll0C cac coc,

Gia tri 11 dao dQng tu 0,4 d~n 0,9, met each glln dung c6 th~ dung 6 + 8 CQC va ti s6 a (khoang each giua cac coc) va 1 (chieu dai coc) bang :

a a

T = 1 ; 11 = 0,62 + 0,58 ; T = 2 ; 11 = 0,75 + 0,7 ;

a

T = 3 ; 11 = 0,8 + 0,72.

C) D6i voi thanh n6i da:t ducc d~t nam ngang dung thep tron :

2.3pl

R =-- Q.

th 21tdh' ,

trong d6 : 1 - chieu dai cua thanh n6'i dtft, cm ; h - dQ chon sau cua thanh, cm ;

d - duong kinh thanh n6i dtft. em,

Khi dung thanh thep det ta thay d bang bt2 hoac gAll dung :

P

Rth = k-, 0.; 1

trong d6 b - be rong cua thanh det.

Dien tra sust cua da:t cho trong bang 1 - 23

42

Bang 1 -23

BI~N TKO SUAT CVA OAT

Di¢n tra sulft
Dlft
.Q.m 104.Q.cm
Cat 700 7
D4"t pha cat 300 3
D4"t set 100 1
D4"t vllcm 50 0,5
Dlfl den 200 2 Kfch thuoc nha nhat cua cac coc n6i dlft va day n6i dS:t cho trong hang 1-24

Bangl-24

IdCH THUOC NH6 NHAT CVA cAe coc THEP N61 BAT vA nAy N61 BAT

Ten gci cue n6i dlfl Trong nha Thitt bi d41 Trong d4"t
ngoai tJ"bj
Day dAn tron, dltc)ng kfnh, mm 5 " 6
Thanh dAn hi.nh ehit nhat
Tie"t dien, mm 2 24 48
Btday, mm 3 4
Thep goc, ~ day eua canh, mm 2 2.5 4
Thep 6ng, M day eua 6ng, mm 2,5 2,5 3,5 Khi dien tra suat cua dS:t c6 gia tr] 160 han 200Q. m can thuc hien cac bien phap phu de giarn di¢n tra- sulft cua dS:t :

a) Neu a gAn thi~t hi c6 chO c6 dien tn1 sulft Clla dS:t thlfp han thl dua cac coc n6i dS:t fa chO d6.

b) N~u a dl) sau clla dlft c6 dien tra sulft clla dlft giam thi thtrc hien dao va dong coc n6i dlft san xu6ng dlft.

c) Thuc hien lam giarn dien tra sulft ciia da't nhan tao bang each diS mu6i an hoac mroc xut VaG noi d6ng cQC n6i dlft. D6i voo CQC dong thang d6'ng lap dlft quanh coc diroc lam nha co b~ day 8 + l Ocm va lap mu6i day 3 cm.. Chi phf mu6i cho mOi coc 30 + 40 kg.

43

cAu H6, ON T~P CHUaNG 1

1. Neu cac noi dung co ban cua viec thiet ke't6 chuc eOng viec xay lAp d~t. giai thieh ly do.

2. Neu cac eOng thuc co ban dung trong ky thuat dien. Giai thieh y nghia cua cac dai Iuong.

3. each chon tiet dien day dan va cap. pham vi trng dung cua ttrng phuong phap

4. Phan loai hQ tieu thu dien. Khi thi cong Hip d~t phai luu Y toi nhtrng dieu

kien gl-M dap ung eho phu hop voi cac loai h¢ tieu thu nay. -

5. Giai thieh y nghia va vai tro cua day dan, cot, xa, su va cac phu kien.

6. Neu cac tieu chuan ky thuat co ban khi lAp d~t dirong day

7. Y nghia cua viec n6i dtft. Neu cac cong thrrc tinh dien tra n6i d~t.

44

Chuang 2

THliC HANH LAP eAT eliaNG DAy TR~N KHCNG

. .

§2-1. cAe £)!NH NGHTA vA. YEU CAU KY THUAT

1. E>jnh nghia

- Duong day truye'n tdi di~n tren khong

COng trlnh xay dung mang tinh cheft ky thuat dung de truyen tai dien nang theo day dAn diroc Hip d~t ngoai trai va duoc kep chat nho su, xa, cor va cac chi ti€t ket cau xay dung duqc goi la duimg day tren khong, Sa dltQ'c lam bang su hoac thiiy tinh dung de each dien giiIa day dan voi cet va dtft.

SU tuy theo k€t cau va each lAp d~t duQ'C phan thanh su dirng (su kim) va sa treo.

Su dimg dlt(1C dung cho cac dirong day c6 dien ap t6i 35kV.

SU treo dlt(1c dung cho cac duong day c6 dien ap til 35k V tra len.

Tuy nhien a mot s6 khoang vuot quan trong d~ lang cirong vt lire cfing nhir tang cuong ve: each dien ngum ta cGng sit dung su treo cho cac dirong day 6, 10,35 kV.

De truyen lai dien nang ph6 bien la truyen tAi bang dong dien xoay chieu ba phavl v~y dub'ng day c6 ba day tuong ung voi 86 pha.

Duong day ha ap (0,4 kV) do yeu cciu do d di¢n ap pha IAn dien ap day nen duong day c6 them day thu tu goi la day trung tfnh. Neu phu tii ba pha d6i ximg thl tilt dien day trung tinh Ilfy bang nita tilt dien day dan pha. Trong IU6i'di¢rt sinh hoat chu yeu 180 dung dien ap pha (0,22- kV), phu tii kh6 phan b6 deu giita cac pha nen tiet dien day trung tinh c6 th~ chon bang tiet dien day dAn pha.

45

Do day dAn c6 dong dien chay qua va mang di~n ap nen day dAn phai duqc each di¢,! v61 cet va each d~t cting nhu each cac ceng trlnh xay dung khac nhau ml}t khoang each nhat dinh gQi la khoang each an toan (cac khoang each an roan xem chuang 1).

- Khodng each tieu chudn

Khoang each tieu chudn la khoang each ngan nh~l gitra day dan dUQ'c cang va d~t, gitta day dAn duQ'c cang v6'i cOng trlnh xay dung, giua day dAn v6'i cot, gifi'a cac day dan voinhau.

- D(i wing treo ddy

Dc) yang treo day dUQ'c gQi la khoang each thea chieu thang dUng til duemg thang nOi hai diem treo day tren cet t61 diem thap nh~t clla day dAn do rae dung ciia khol IUQ'Dg day.

- Luc cdng ddy

L\1'c cang day duQ'c goi la hlc cang keo day va kep chat cO' dinh day dan tren cet.

- Ch~' d(J lam vi~c blnh thuang

Ch€ dl} lam viec blnh thuOng clla duemg day 18. ch€ dO lam viec day dAn khOng bi d61.

- Che d(J su cd

Ch€ dt'} lam vi~c S\1' cO' Clla duemg day 18. ch€ dl} lam viec cua duemg day khi day dan b] dm du chi mot day,

- Che d(J Jam vifc l&p dijt

ChI! dl} lam viec lAp d~t 18. S\1' .18.m viec cua duang day trong di~u ki~ri lAp d~t cl}t, day dAn, day chong set.

- Khodng vUf!1 trung gian

Khoang vuqt trung gian cua dirong day Itt khoang each thea m~t phang nAm ngang giUa hai Cl}t trung gian chi d6ng vai tri) gilt day con Igc cang day chu ylu lac dl}ng len cac cc)t chju l\1'c. Khodng each giua cc)t trung gian va cc)t chiu l\1'c ben canh cling duQ'c goi 18. khoang vuQ't trung gian.

- Khodng neo ch4t

Khoang hay doan neo chat 1a khoang each thea m~t phang nam ngang gitta hal cer chiu l\1'c gcin nhau. Khoang neo ch~t bao g6m mot sO' cac khoang vuqt trung gian, Cac cl}t chiu h,rc 18. cac ce)t chiu toan be) tii trong cang keo

46

day v~ minh. DAy dAn tren cac c()t nay dugc kep n60 ch~t khOng cho phep tuQt hoac tnrot nhu b c()t trung gian, Cac c()t chiu h!c bao g6m cac cl)t d4u tuyen, cac cQt cuol tuyen va cac cet gee day dAn chuyen d6i huang di.

- C9' va phu ki~n

C()t va phu ki~n la cac chi ti!!t bAng kim loai dung de n6i hai d4u day dAn voi nhau, M kep day dan vao Sll' va de bao v~ cho day dAn tranh nhtmg hu hong do rung dQng.

- D9 bin dlf trii

D() ben dl1 Uit ciia cac phan tir rieng Ii cua dubng day 1;1 ty s6 gina gia tr] tM trong pha huy phan tit v6i tai trong tac d()ng chuan (thuang lay la l1!C keo Ian nhat).

2. Yiu c'u ky thu,t

Khi xay dung cac dubng day truydn tAi dien cao h~ lip (t~ 35kV) vai day dan dugc kep tren Sll' dUng c4n phai thoa min clic yeu c4u ky thuat sau :

- D6i v6i duang day di qua vung dOng dan cu ;

DAy dan dn dung loai day v4n xoan co nhieu sqi 000, ti!!t dien t6i thitu

cua day dan khOng dugc nho han 35 mm2 d6i v6i day nhOm va khOng

dugc nho han 25 mm2 d6i voi day nhOm 16i thep,

- Khi duang day di qua vung dan cu thea that :

Ti!!t dien t6i thieu cua day nhOm III 25 mm2.va day nhOm 16i thep u 16 mm2. - Khi dubng day di qua cac chuang ngai v~t kMc nhau cM tham khao quy

trlnh trang b] di¢n v~ ti!!t dien t6i thieu cho phep nhu ;

+ Khi duang day di quasong, ao, h6, d4m I~y,ti!!t di~n·t6i thieu cua day nhOm III khOng dugc nho han 70 mm2 va day nhOm loi thep khOng dugc nho hem 25mm2: khi dirong day di qua sOng ngoi kenh rach can nuac,ti!!t dien day khong dugc nho hon 35mm2 v6i tat ca cac loai day;

+ Khi dumtg day dt ngang qua cac duang day thOng tin lien lac <l6i v6i day nhom khOng dugc nho han 70 mm2, d6i v6i day' rihom loi thep khong

dugc nha hen 25 mm2, -

~ Khi dUOng day cat ngang qua duemg sat, duang 6ng nuoc, 60g hoi va cac duang cap treo v6i day nhOm khOng nho han 70 mm2 va day nhOm lui

2 •

thep khOng Dha hon 35 mm .

47

- Khi duemg day di cat ngang dumtg OtO, duang t~u dien, .dubng OtO di¢n v6i day nhom khong nho han 35 mm2, v6i day nhom loi thep khOng nhi> hon 25 mm2.

Khong cho phep n6i day dan va day chong set trong khoang vUQ1 c6 cac

. .

giao ca,t vm cac d6i nrong cOng trlnh tren,

DQ dtr tril ben ciia cac phb tir drrO'llg day clin th6a man ditu kien neu trong bang 1- 10.

M6i n6i day dan phai co dQ ben co hoc khOng dugc nha han 90% dQ ben pha huy cua toan bl) day dAn.

Khoang each giua cac day dan cot dan voi cay khOng nho han 2,5m voi dUO'ng day 35kV va cQt hlnh chil' n (cot cdng) ~hOng nho han 3m.

Khoang each nho nh~t trong khOng khf gifi'a cac pMn dan dien va cac phan dugc n6i d~t cua dUOOlg day tren khOng dung sa dUng d6i v6i dien ap toi IOkV - 15cm, tm 20kV - 25em, toi 35kV - 35cm. Khi duem.g day tren khOng c6 dien ap toi 35kV di qua vung thua dan.khoang each tir day dAn toi d~t thea chieu thang dtrng ache' dQ 18m viec blnh thueng khOng duec nho han 6m. 0 nhirng chb ditu kien that kho khan khoang each nay co the giarn toi 3m. Khoang each nay dugc xac dinh khi nhiet dQ khong khf 1&1 nh~t va dong dien chay qua day dAn d6t n6ng day nhieu nhAt.

Khi duang day c6 dien ap toi 35kV di qua vung dong dan cu.khoang each tit duCtng day toi d~t thea chieu tUng dimg khOng ducc nho han 7m.

Khoang each theo chieu nAm ngang cua day dAn g~n nhat voi nha cira va cOng trlnh xay dung khi d() Iech eua day (dQ nc lu) Urn nh~t khOng duoc nh6 han 2m d6i voi duong day tai 20kV va 4m d6i v6i duang day 35kV. 0 vung thua dan cu khoang each thea chleu nam ngang gifi'a day dAn g~n nhat khi khOng xet tm. V! trf lech voi phan ga:n nhat ciia d6i nrong nha cira, cong trlnh xay dung khOng dUQ'c nho han 10m d6i vai duang day toi 20kV va 15m d6i voi dirong day 35kV.

Khoang each tii' day diin cua duem.g day dien ap toi 35kV 1m m~t Dirac d6i v6i song ngoi a mac mroc cao nha.'t la 6m.

Khoang each nho nhAt cho phep ella cac dirong day truyen tai dien a V! trf cAt ngang duang sat, duang OtO, cac duang, day dien, day thong tin va cac dirong 6ng rnroc, 6ng hoi cho trong bang 1 - 21.

48

Khoang each cua dirong day di~n ha ap (dum lkV) tm cac duang day thong tin lien lac giam toi 1,25m.

Cac doan £luang day vuot qua dubng sit, £luang OtO, sOng h6 va cac cong trmh xay dung khac phai dung cot chiu hfe (dung cet tang cirong ho~e cQt kep), xa kep, SIl kep va day dan phai neo, ~E;P eh4t tranh b] tuQt va bi tnrot,

Khi di ngang qua duong day cao ap, dUOng day c6 dien ap thap han phai nam duoi £luang day e6 dien ap eao hon,

Khi di ngang qua dirong day thong tin lien lac, dirong day truyen tai dien phai di tren duang day thOng tin lien lac .va cac dutmg day tin hieu,

G6e cat ella duong day truyen tai di~n di ngang qua cac cOng trlnh xay dung khong quy dinh, con g6c cAt ella duang day khi di ngangqua duang sAt ducc dien khf h6a khOng ducc nho han 40°.

Khi duang day di qua rirng hoac qua.cac d6i tr6ng cay d6i voi dulmg day ha ap khoang each theo chieu thang dUng d6i vm. ngon cay va chieu nam ngang d6i vOi tan cay phai each day dAn khi lech Ian nhll't khOng dum 1 m.

Khi duCtng day eao ap di qua rirng ho~c £l6i tr6ng cay ph8.i phar quang tao thanh hanh lang tuyen c6 M rong khOng dUQ"c nho han : D + 6m d6i voi cay eao khOng qua 4m va D + 2H d6i voi cay cao teen 4m, trong d6 D - khoang each thea chieu nam ngang giifa day din cua pha ngoai cung voi cot, H - d(l eao l6n nhat ella cay b hai ben rla hanh lang tuyen,

Khi dirong day di qua eOng vien ho~e cac khu cay xanh can bao t6n be rong hanh lang tuyen e6 the giam so voi tieu chudn tren, khi d6 khoang each tir day dAn pha ngoai cung v6i dQ lecb IOn. nhit each tan cay khOng dUQ"c nhe hon 2m d6i v6i £luang day 1 + 20 kV va 3m d6i v6i dulmg day 35kV.

§2-2. V~T LI~U

1. Day din

D6i voi dirong day truyen tai dien thirong dung day tran khOng boc each dien. Day dan trong qua trinh van hanh phiii chiu dl,ll1g dUQ"c tac d()ng cua cac hien nrong khi hau, thai tMt khac nhau (SI1 dao dong cua nhiet dO mol tnrong, gi6 bao, dQ Am), tac dOng h6a hoc do dQ ban cua mOi tnrong, tac d¢ng cua hoi

•

mu6i bien, chil't thiii cOng nghiep cjlng nhu tai trong co hoc,

4 -KTlOO

49

Nhfrng yeu cau co ban d6i voi day dan khi xet tai cac tac dl?ng nell tren 13. day dan phai c6 dt) dan dien cao, du dlil ben co hoc, chiu dung diroc hie dong h6a hQC va tac dlilng cua moi tnrong va phai re tien.

V~t lieu chinh d~ lam day dan la d6ng, nhom va thep,

D6ng c6 d~ dan di¢n t6t llh~t, c6 d¢ ben co hoc ca~, 6n dinh d6i voi tac dl';lng hoa hoc, Song d6ng la v~t lieu quy hiem nen ngay nay ngiroi ta khong dung day d6ng d~ truyen tai dien, DAy d6ng chi dung cho cac dirong cap.

Nhom co d<> dan dien va d~ ben CO h9C kern han dong nhung co kh6i hrong rieng nho, g,iei thanh re va khong phai Ia v~t lieu quy hiem nen day nhorn diroc dung rong rai tren cac duong day truyen tai dien.

Thep c6 d~ dan dien thap nhung co d<> ben co hoc cao, gia thanh tuong d6i thap. D~ bao v¢ day. rhep tranh rae dong cua rnci truong, day thep se ducc rna kern. Thong thuong nguoi ta dung loi thep d~ tang cuong d<> ben co hoc cho day nhom.

D~ lap d~t day dan tren su dung ngum ta rhuong sit dung cac cau tnic day dan sau : day dan nrc la day chi c6 m~t soi, day v~n xoan nhieu soi, day van xoan nhieu sqi t6 hop tir hai kim IOI;li.

DAy v~n xoan nhieu sci duqc thuc hien bang each quan quanh day trung tarn then trinh nr : diu tien xoan 6 sci, sau d6 m6i lin xoan b6 sung them 6 soi, Vi du, I~n thu hai - 12 soi, Mn thli" ba - 18 sci ...

D*c tinh cua day dan lAp tren sl1 dUng cho trong bang 2-1 va 2-2

Bdng 2-1

D~e TiNH eVA oA. Y NH6M -,

Tiet dien tfnh loan S6 sgi DU"emg kfnh, mm Tai trong -pha Kh6i lU"gng day
MadAy day dAn, mm 2 dan hiry, kG dAn kg/km
Si;1idan DAy dan
A - 16 15.9 7 1,70 5,10 230 44
A - 25 24,7 7 2,12 6,40 355 68
A - 35 34,4 7 2,~0 7,50 495 95
A-50 49,5 7 3,00 9,00 713 136
.
A -70 69,3 7 3,55 10,70 935 191
A -95 93,3 7 4,12 12,4(1 1260 257 50

Bang 2-2 .

D!C TiNH eVA DAy NH6M LOI THEP

Tift dien tfnh 56 sQ'i va dlIang kfnh DlIang kfnh tfnh Kh6i
toan, mm 2 day dAn, mm toan, mm Tid trong
hrong
Maday pha huy day dAn
PhAn Loi PhAn . Toan b<) kG
nhorn thep nhom Loi thep Loi IMp day dAn kg/km
AC-lO 10,1 1,13 5x},6 Ixl,2 1,2 4,4 280 36
AC-16 15,3 2,5' 6xl,8 I xl,8 1,8 5,4 450 62
AC-25 22,8 3,8 6x2,2 Ix2,2 2,2 6,6 670 92
AC-35 36,9 6,2 6x2,8 i-z.s 2,8 8,4 1080 150
AC-50 48,3 8,6 6x3,2 Ix3,2 3,2 9,6 1410 196
AC-70 68,0 11,3 6x3,8 1x3,8 3,8 11,4 1980 275
AC-95 95,4 15,9 6x4,5 1x4,5 4,5 13,5 2760 386 • DAy dan cho trong bang 2-1, 2-2 cilng phai thoa man yeu cau : khoang each gifra cac m6i han ella cac soi rieng re khong dircc du(1i 15m. Viec n6i 16i thep sci dan cua day nhom 16i thep Ia.khong cho phep.

. Be mar cua cacsoi khong diroc c6 vet nih, ran ; be mat cua 15i thep khong duoc co chb khOng rna kern.

DAy nhieu sci phai dircc ben xoan deu. Cac sci dan ella day dan khong duoc co vet nih hoac gay.

DAy dan diroc quan thanh cuen voi kh6i hrong khong viret qua 80kg, hoac quan trong tang tr6ng bang g6 va duqc boc bAng cac thanh g6 det. Tren tang tr6ng phai c6 mfli ten chi chieu quay tang tr6ng khi v~n chuyen ho~c rai day.

2. sa

Su diroc dung de kep giu day dan va each di~n voi xa va cot.

Srr trong dieu kien lam viec binh tlnrong mang tai trong CO hoc va d6ng thai mang dien ap cua dlfang day,

DQ ben co hoc cua su dirng diroc d~c tnrng bai tai trong pha hoai CO hQC be gay va lam ran nut suo

D6i voi mOi loai su e6 kha nang lam viec voi dien ap khong ducc virot qua gia tri guy dinh cho tirng loai srr,

51

V~t lieu de ch€ t<;10 slc dirong day ph iii c6 d~ ben co hoc ea,? d6i voi cac lire be gay, luc cang keo va Il!C co nen, On dinh va ben vih1g d6i voi nhih1g su thay d6i ve nhiet d~, nhiing tac dong ve h6a hQC va khi quyen.

Suky thuat dien duqeehe tao tir nguyen lieu loai t6t nhat (eao lanh, ~at...). De nang eao dijc tinh v~n hanh cua su, mat ngoai su duqc phu mot lop men. Cac mep khong duoc trang men la cac cho ke su khi nurlg va nhfrng ehb c6 ren de van su vao ti suo

Ngoai sU lam ttr cao lanh va cat, ngay nay ngiroi ta con san xuat Slc bang thuy tinh.

Su thuy tinh e6 iru di!m la qua trinh san xuat c6 th~ tieu hanh hoan roan tl! dong nen gia thanh ha,

Cac khuyet t~t cua su thuy tinh c6 the xac dinh bang mat thuong khong can thi nghiern dien nhe tinh trong su6t cua n6.

3.Tislr

Ti s(r la chi tiet duoc giin vao Slc dirng bang each v~o ren va chen xi rnang cat diroc dung lam tru d~ kep chijt su vci xa tren c~t dien,

Ti su diroc lam bAng thep, duoc son phu hoac rna de eh6ng gl. Kich tlnroc ciia ti su cho trong bang 2-3 theo hinh 2-1

Bang 2-3

xtca THU'dc CVA TI s11

Mil Kfch thuec, mm Tai trcng, kG Dung -
dUClng d H Thi'r nghiem Cho phep cho su,
kfnh d] a kV
cP - 17 17 15 60 lR5 325 130
0,5
cP - IS 18 19 100 230 400 180
cP - 21 21 19 105 235 500 200
cP - 22 22 22 105 235 800 320 6+10
cP - 24 24 25 135 265 1100 450
cP - 26 26 25 135 345 650 260
• 20
cP,.. 30 30 25,6 \70 380 1140 560
41- 37 37 25 150 465 600 240
¢ - 38 38 38 170 485 1250 500 35
cP - 40 40 38 180 495 2000 800 52

4. Ong n61 day

Viec n6i day v~n xoan nhieu soi diroc thirc hien bang cac 6ng n6i day, Cac 6ng n6i

H
a 1-8_
".- ~ ~
--- :3_-- l'b"
- -'i -- I~ . __ ._. d
'- T d1 phai chiu luc cang keo ciia day

din khi lam viec, d6ng thai ding la vat dAn di¢n tit d~u n6i nay sang d~u n6i kia cua day dAn. Cac 6ng n6i phai dam bao dUQ'c ca de) Mn v~ co hoc lin de) b~n v~ di¢n -

Hinh 2-1. Ti sli' dung cho sli' dliug

cho m6i n6i.

Dt) ben co hoc cua m6i n6i khOng duQ'C nho han 90% dt) 1>6n cua day dAn nguyen ven, dien tra cua m6i n6i khOng dUQ'c virot qua dien tra cua day din c6 chieu dai bang chieu dai cua m6i n6i, nhiet de) cua m6i n6i khi co dong di¢n xoay chieu cue d;~j IAu dai cho phep d6i v6i day dAn di cho khong dU'Q'c virot qua nhiet dt) cua day din.

Cac 6ng n6i dung cho day nhom; day nhOm loi thep duQ'C lam bing nhom tinh khiet va c6 hlnh 0 van. De n6i cac d~u day din dU'qc l6ng vao trong long 6ng n6i va duQ'C c6 dinh bing each dung kim c6 lap d¢m epch~t lai, 6ng n6i o van cho tren hlnh 2-2, cac thong s6 ky thuat cua 6ng n6i 0 van dung cho day nhem, day nhOm loi thep cho trong bang 2-4.

~ m __ ~_m ••• :>.~ .i-

Hinh 2-2. 6ng n6i Ovan

• Trong rna hieu 6ng n6i cac chu cai ky hi¢u : C - 6ng n6i, 0 - ovan, A - day nhOm, AC - day nhOm l5i thep,

Hai d~ll 6ng· n6i loe ra met chut va khong duqc vi~n cirng de: de dang cho viec 16ng day vao 6ng n6i va bao v¢ cho day dAn tranh hu hong khi u6n gap,

53.

Bang 2-4

6NG N61 OVAN DUNG CHO nAy NHOM V A DAy NHOM LOI THEP

Dung cho KIch tbuac, mm DQ b!n Kh6i
Mli hieu da.ymA S6ditm giro han
6ng nISi hi~u A B L S ep bit da.y Iuong,
din, kG kg
COA-16 A-J6 6,0 12,0 106 1.7 6 230 0,025
COA-25 A-25 7,2 14,4 116 1,7 6 350 0,035
COA-35 A-35 8,5 17,0 136 1,7 6 470 0,040
COA-50 A-50 10,0 20,0 185 ),7 8 660 0,055
COA-70 A-70 11,6 23,2 205 },7 8 930 0,070
COA,...95 i- A-95 13,4 26,8 274 1,7 to 1300 0,100
COAC-}O AC-lO 5 10,6 200 1,5 250 0,028
COAC-J6 AC-16 6 12 29D 1,7 400 0,037
COAC-25 AC-25 7,2 14,4 200 1,7 600 0,042
COAC-35 AC-35 9 19 330 2,1 950 0,15
COAC-50 AC-50 ,10,5 22 400 2,3 1250 0,19
COAC-70 AC-70 12,5 26 450 2,6 1800 0,27
COAC-95 AC-95 15 34 650 2,6 2500 0,43 5. Ghip nol dAy

Ghfp n6i day duqc dung de nOi giilacac day dAn vOinhau. CA'u tao cua ghip g6m hai manh nhOm hlnh chu nh4.t (than ghfp) c6 khoan 10 va cac bu .lOng ,xi!!t cho tren hlnh 2-3. Than ghip e6 hai hlnh mang song song de c:t~t day dan duqe n6i. Cac day dan duqc d~t vao than ghfp va dl1qc kep ch~t bing cac bu long xiet c6 e cu va vong d~m. Cac ghfp n6i day dUQ'c ch6 tao til' nhorn ho~e h(Jp kim nhom dung cho day nhOm hoac day nhOm loi thep.

Do viec c6 dinh day dan tren sa dang tren cac cQt d<1u va cuoixuat tuyen Cling nhu tren cac cot g6e bAng 6"ng noi e6 the hi dm nen d~- cO djnh day dan tren sa dlffig a cac c(>t nay can dung ghfp n6i day de thay the.

D~c tfnh ella cac ghfp n6i day cho trong hang 2-5

54

· oj

d

Hlnh 2-3. Ghlp kep dAu n6i day

a)"d6i v6i day nhOm ; b) d6i v6i day thep

Bing 2-:5

GRip NOI DAy DOl VOl DAy NH6M vA DAy NHOM LOI THEP

Mi hieu Kfch thtWc, mm Kh6i
Dung cho day ma hieu
ghfp hi b2 d I luqng, kg
TIA-l A-16, A-35 38 50 8 85 0,38
TIA-2 A-50, A-70, AC-35 , At-50 40 64 12 94 0,45
TIA-3 A-95, A-120, AC-70, AC-95 56 76 15 106 0,78 6. 89 chong rung

Sl! rung cjia day din thuang di~n ra khi t6c d(t gio trung blnh va yeu do tac dl)ng xoay tao nen do day din. Thong thirong' nhung hu hong day dAn xay ra a g&i noi kep day din tren cet, D~ bao v¢ day din tranh hu hong (giy dUt cac sgi ciia day din) do rung, nguM ta dung b(t cheng rung a dang qua ta ch6ng rung. Cac qua t~ chong rung co tac dung lam giam tac d(tng cua rung t6i mae d(t an toano

BQ ch6ng rung g6m co ml)t doan day cap b~ng thep, hai d4u doan day nay kep hai qua ta (tai trong) bing gang (hlnh 2-4).

Doan giita cua ph&i cap thep dung ghip kep treo vao.day din.

55

Cac cue ella bl) chong rung eo lop d~m thao dmrc va bu long, ~ eu, vong d~m xi~t chat, B(t d~p tAt khi lcip d~t VaG day nhom va day nhOm loi thep eo lcp dem bAng nhOm mern day lmm.

~
, 1
-L,- . .-'::l:!=.
3rA f--i-- 2,
.'
-, ;::hi::
. _. -~-' -~-~-. -~-~ _._-
t.... ~ I A

Hinh 2-4. B(l (I) ch6ng rung

t - mam chau de kep vito dAy dan; 2 - qua (~ chong rung ; 3 - cap thep

Khi xuat hien dao dl)ng cung vai day dAn, bl) chong rung bAt dliu dao dong, Khi d6 dao dong ella ditm kep be chong rung khong Ian lAm, tao nen cac dao dl)ng du ella quA ch6ng rung Ian hon v~ gia tr! trong thci gian ngan, dAn toi dap tAt dao dl)ng xu~t hien trong day dAn.

Nang hrong tieh lily eua dao dong trong bQ ch6ng rung phat sinh do luc elm dan h6i ella cac s<;fi cap thep eua bl) ch6ng rung.

BI) chong rung duqc d~t lJ hai d4u kep day ella day dAn khi di qua khoang khong c6 dia hlnh bAng phing, trong khoang virot dai tren 120rn,n€u nhu irng suat trong day din co sue cang v~ hanh trung blnh va a nhiet t1Q trung, blnh hang nam virot qua :

D6'i vm day nhom 4 kG/mm 2
D6i vai day uhOrn loi thep
AC-35, AC-50, AC-70 6 ..
D6i vOi day nhOrn loi thep
ti€t dien tren 70 mm 2 5 ..
D6'i vai day thep 25 " Khi dtrong day di qua sOng h6 lan, chieu dai khoang virot khoang 500rn va khoang VUQ116n bon tuy thea suc cang v~ hanh rna d~t bl) eh6ng rung.

T~t ea cac chi ti~t eiia ~ chong rung, trll' qua tAi trong deu duge rna kern, dOI_l.D cap thep ben cling phcii dU<;fc rna kern. Qua tai trong eh6ng rung bang gang ding phdi duge son phu.

Cl,le ciia bQ eh6ng rung a eM day dAn di ra dn eo hmh tron deu va mern (khong e6 mep vien ciing).

Qua tai trong va cue CM phai duoc kep chac eUn vao day cap thep.

56

§2-3. MAy M6c, Dl)NG cu vA £>6 NGH~ DUNG CHO LAp £>AT

D~ lAp d~t duong day dn phai co may m6c dung CI,I va d6 nghe khac nhau. Vi du, danh rnuc va so luong may moe, dO nghe va dung CI,I lAp d~t d6i vai ml)t to cong nhan g6m 10 nguOi cho trong bang 2-6

Bang 2--6

DANH MVC MAy M6c, 1)6 NGHt, DVNG cu LAp I)!T

Dan 56 Iw;mg cho I t6
Ten goi vido Dutmg day DutmgdAy Chu thfch
35kY InkY
SAo cau hem cai 2 2 Dung de gJ!.1 khi rai day
6ng nhorn dii. ngoai " 1 I ~ quansat khi cang day
B¢ true Ian dan 1 Urn " 3 2
Mui khoan ¢I 14 - 16mm " 3 2
MUi khoan xoan 6c ¢l12-25mm " 2 2
True th'ep ¢I 50inm 2 - 2,5m " 3 3 ~ quay lang tr6ng quan day
Ban quay quan day " 3 3 De qUAn day lit cuen day
my quan ¢l12 - 16mm cuQn 120 120
Day gai cu¢n 100 100
Dng cao su cach dien Doi 3 2
BO kep lap d~1 dty Qii 3 2 Dt him dAy
Cahp, dl' B¢ I I D6 kiem Ira dQ ep ch~t
m6in6i
Ci:1le v~n 6ng Qii 1 1
Cal~ cai 6 6 De v~ moe, tang do
Ci:1lt v~n cO dieu cil' " 2 I
Ch61 chan trw c¢1 di¢n B¢ 6 4 cam vao 10 cOl khi treo
Gilida cai 3 3 De dO dAy lil tang tr6ng ,
Kim ho~c klm v~n xodn " 2 2 ~ ep m6i n6i ovan
Kim <M han day dan " I -
Kim d4u tren u6n day lS0mm .. 2 2
Bua tJ!. 3 - 5kg " 2 1
Kim cat 200 mm " 2 1 57

Dem S6 luqng cho I 10
Ten gQi vi do Dl1ang dAy DuangdAy Qui thfch
35kV tOkV
L6 cam cMllreo d6i vm COl be qp 6 4 Phu thuQc vao v~t li~u cQI
lOng' c6t thep hoac cOt kim lo~i
Thu& cuOn do d!t au I I
.
Tm 1-2 Ian " I I
XA beng CB.i 2 I
Xeng " 2 I
Thuoc hi thep cuon " 2 I
" ,
Bua Ikg 2 1
Cuago ., 2 2
Cita sat " 2 I
Dao thq4i¢n " 5 5
Kim nhon dliu 6" " 2 I
Tu6c ncr VII " 2 1
Kim van nang " 6 4·
Gang lay cao su DOi 3 2
DAy lung an toan CB.i 6 4
Kim det 200mm " 6 4
Day co dliu c6t n61 Dliuc6t 3 3 ~ n6i d!1 day dan
ThiE"t bi keo cang d6ng thm 3 dAy CB.i I I
Pa lang (16) I - 2 tan ., I I
Thu&ngim " 2 2 De lay dQ vong khi cang dAy
Con Ian (puli) " 30 30 Dtrai dAy
ThO'&: cuen " 1 1
Loa " 2, 2
cer " 2 2 De bao Un hieu
Tui d6 IhQ' di~n " 6 4
Nhi¢t k! ngow tWi ,. 2 2 Do nhi¢t dO khi I!y dO vong
~ to lay " 1 I
Giiia cac lo~ " 3 2
Chilo ¢ItO - 15 m 100 -
It
Thu& c4p do kfch thtt6c ngoAi CB.i I 1
OJ tfn hi¢u " 4 3
Hom dung c\l " 1 1 , 58

M<)t vai d~c tfnh cua cac may m6c, dung cu, d6 nghe neu trong bang 2-6 diroc neu diroi day.

1. Day chao gai t~m nhva

PAy chao gai diroc dung phai co he s6. d1,l' tru d<) Mn v~ luc khOng dum 5 lItn lire pha hoai tac d<)ng vao chao. Lire cua chao khong tam 100 hon khoang' 15% d6i vai chao co tAm nhua,

D~c tinh ky thuat cua chao tAm cho trong bang 2-7

Bang 2-7

D!C TINH KY THU~T CVA DAy CHAO TAM NHljA

Kfch Ihu,jc, mm Kh6i Lire phi hoai chio, kG
luqnglOOm
Chu vi Duimg kfnh kg ChG:llugng.cao Ch41 luong Ihu(mg
30 9,6 9,0 505 - -
35 11,1 10,3 625 575 -
40 12,7 13,8 795 735
45 14,3 17,2 970 895
50 15,0 20,5 1150 1065
60 19,1 29,3 1705 1490
65 20,7 24,6 1890 1665
75 23,9 46,6 2502 2226
90 28,7 67,5 3541 3223
100 31,8 82,6 4219 3767 2. Cap cha,? thep

Cap chao thep dung cho cOng rae lAp d*t duong day duqc ben tit m<)t vai danh g6m cac sci thep nho' chat luong cao co dirong kinh tit 0,5 - 1,5 mm va co loi bang day gai dau.

H¢ s6 du tru khi sii dung cap chao thep khong diroc duoi 4 + 5 Ian. D~e tinh ky thuat cua cap chao thep eho trong bang 2-8.

59

Bang 2-8

I)~C TiNH KY THU!T CUA cAp CHAO THEP

Ke't ca:u phan thep cua Dumag kfnh Kh6i Ll!c pbA hoai, kG (khi suc ~o
htgnglOOm gi&i h{ln ciia cac sqi oM
chao chiiomm kg 130 kG/mm2)
11 40 4.850
12,5 52 6.300
14 65 8.100
6 .danh m6i danh c6 19 15,5 81 9.950
sqi con
17 92 11.900
18,5 120 14.300
20 130 16.700
11 38 4.650
13 57 6.700
6 danh m6i danh c6 37 15;5 77 9.100
sci con 17 100 11.900
19,5 130 15.000
21,5 160 18.500
6 danh moi danh c6 61 19,5 130 15.700
sqi con 22 170 20.300 3. BQ rang rQC

Bo rong rQC don III mQt puli c6 xe ranh .mang quanh chu vi Hip vao true quay va d~t vao 16ng puli cung voi moe, Tren moe clin phai dl1qc d6ng nhan chi tM trong nang ciia n6. Khi khOng co nhlin de xac dinh uli trong nang cua bophai dl}'a thea kfch thuoc. cua.moc phu hop voi s6 lieu cho tren hlnh 2-5 va

. bang 2-9.

Bdng2-9

s6 LI~U KY THU!T CVA M6c TREO

Kfch Ihu&c, mm
Tai trong nang, T KMi lugng, kg
d 1 K KI
0,25 M-12 30 18 18 0,15
0,5 M-16 55 30 24 0,40
I M-20 75 40 32 1,20
2 M-24 90 50 40 2,30
3 M-30 100 60 48 3,50 60

Hai hoac ba pulidat chung trong mot Mng puli tao thanh b~ rong roc hai hoac ba puli, Cac b() nay ducc n6i'thanh tirng ciJ.p thea hlnh 2-6 tao thanh palang hayhe th6ng rong roc,

L11C yeu cau M nang mot ti'li trong nao d6 bAng palang phai nha hon tai trong ang chirng thea s6 Ian bang s6 chao mang uli cua cac pull trong m~t long nhan v6i 2, vi du vm palang cho tren hlnh 2-6 s6 d6 bing 6.

_d-

- .. a ......

HI"h 2-5. M6c treo cua palang

4. Kich

Kich c6 diJ.C diem la t11 ham, kich thanh rang duqc lap them bo phan dirng b dang banh c6c c6 lAy. S6 lieu clla kfch cho trong bang 2-10.

Bangl-IO,

86 LI~U CUA xtca

Kil!u kfch rai trong Chi!!u cao Chleu cao Kh6i IUQIlg, kg
nang, T cua kfch, mm nang mm
Kfch vft 2 23 110 6
Kich vit 3 300 . 135 8
Kfch thanh rang 3 700 460 40 5. Tbi

Toi quay tay hay diroc dung trong cong tac lap d~t. Co cau hoar dong ciia toi quay tay duoc ch€ tao cr dang h¢ th6ng truyen dong banh rang phan b6 tren ba true song song (hlnh ?-7).

61

Trong hoan canh va di~u kien cua mroc ta ph lin Ian sir dung tm thi! cong, ch€ tao don gian g6m mot bl) khung tm han bang sAt g6c L 63 x 63 x 6,3 hoac L 70 x 70 x 7 trong khung tb'i hlnh thanh hal g6i tru quay, ml)t tru quay bang 6ng thep <IllOO T <Il150 tren do han tang tr6ng quan day thea hlnh parabOn 10m bang thep gai hose thep tron (I_) 1 0 + <Il14. Tren tru quay due 2 cap 16 vuong g6c va so Ie tren duaL Khi quay tm dung xa beng ldng vao hai cap 10 tren lam canh tay don va dung suc ngub'i quay khi nang tai trong va ham khi ha trong taL Khi nang ha dung coc d6ng kh6a ham tay quay. D~ tranh cho tai bi troi hoac l~t dung cac eoc thep g6c d6ng ham khung taL

mnh 2-7. Tai

D~ M phong tut hoac roi tai trong trong tnrong hep quay true tai thea chieu nguoc lai tOi duqc lAp them co cau banh c6c. De giam t6c dl) ha tai trong dung dai hoac rna sat.

Cac tay quay wi truyen chuyen dl)ng vao true clin phai duqc b6 trf sao cho khi ha tai trong chung khong. duqc chuyen dOng ho~c quay thea chieu ha tai trong khi cOng nhan quay tay quay. Cap chao phai quan vao tang tr6ng tu phfa duoi,

MOi tai cdn phai c6 nhan ghi nha may san xuat, s6 lieu va tai trong nang ella tai cling nhu ly lich thi'! nghiem,

mnh 2-8. Gil!. ee bing gO dung de

rai bo¥: cu6n cUQn dAy

L
~ 2000
--I
--I
( .L....
I-- ._.
i ~~ I I ~
j"'- {:-& ",,\11
_. ·_·_._~_'_'_~_4_'_' 4_'_._4_'_._4_'_~_'_+_'_~_'_·
--u . 1
I 48() 1;
~
Eli i ~Jt
q, "'t:;""" , . ...
._._._.*. ~e!
~-~-. ~=a ;;:;.:; ·-·-·-·-~-·4~
t 2 Hinh 2-9. Gil!. dO' bing kim lo~i dung de rai dAy I. khung lam bing sa.t g6c ; 2. tbanh giang lam bing thep 6ng ;

3. tIV lam bang thep 6ng.

, 1

62

Khi quan day tit cac tang trong d~u cu6i duqc treo tren cac gia dO' chuyen dung bang g6 (hlnh 2-8) hoac bang kim loai (hlnh 2-9). Gia dO' dUQ'c d~t tit titng phia cua tang tr6ng dam true lAp vao 6 true cjia tang tr6ng sao cho khi h~ tay don clla gia dO' tang tr6ng dirong nhu dUQ'c treo tren tru gia.

Khi cac tang tr6ng quan day Ion, thay cho cac giadO' co the dung cac gia dO' bang kim loai chuyen dung (hlnh 2-10).'

, De n\i day dan d~t trong cac cuon day co tM dung ban quay nii day (hinh 2-11).

Hinh 2-10, Giado bing kim loai chuyen dung dung M rai da.y

6. Puli I~p d~t

Khi rai day dan theo tuyen day dan thireng duoc chuyen dich tnrot theo cac puli dl1Q'c kep tren cac xa cua cot. Puli lAp d~t (hlnh 2-12) g6m ban than puli I lam bang hop kim nhOm, hai rna 2 trong do m(lt rna co CAu tao ban Ie g~p dUQ'C de cai day dan vao ranh puli va thanh treo 3.

Cac day dan c6 dueng kinh tai 16rnrn duqc rai keo tnrot thea puli ke ca cac m6i n6i bang 6ng.

Hinh 2-11. Ban quay rai, quan day

•

10---- 111250 ---01

mnh 2 -12. Puli lip d,t

I. puli ; 2. rna puli ; 3. thanh treo

63

Tai trong pM bUy ciia puli nhO nh~t la 500 kG con kh6i htqng cua n6 13. 4,8 kg. Cac d~u kep cang keo day lap d~t.

Cac d~u k~p cang keo day lap d~t diroc dung d~ kep g~p va n6i day dAn vao dung cu keo khi rai va cang day : d6i voi cac day van xoan nhieu ... soi co tiet dien 1&1 va trung blnh dung cae dau kc;p ki~u nern (hinh 2-13), con d6i voi cac day din co ti€t dien nho dung cac dau kc;p ki~u kh6'p ban Ie (hinh 2-14).

Dau kep ki~u nem (hlnh 2.1'3) gem co than dAu kep 1, mam chau 2 c6 bam rang d6i vci d~u kep gap day dAn b trong ranh d~ tang cirong rna sat va nem 3 M nem chat day dan vo-i mam chau va than diroi tac dong cua day dan duoc cang keo,

64

.... ------- L -------+1

Hlnh 2-11. D4u kep cling keo day lAp d.t ki!u nem 1. than dJlu kep : 2. mam chau : 3. nem

mnh 2-14. DJlu kep cang keo day u.p d4t kitu khop ban It!

{...._--- 440 -v-- .. +

u

Hi"h 2-15. Klm ep Ovan m6i n6i 1. Than kim; 2. KMp:

3. vn ep ; 4. vn dinh han.

D~u kep ki~u khop ban It dung M kep g~p day dan e6 th!t dien be toi 25mm2• Duci tac d~ng keo cang cac vau cua d~u kep ep va kep ~Mt day dan.

Kim ep ovan m6i n6i (hlnh 2-15) g6m e6 than klm 1 ea'u tao tit hai mra mang 16t thay the diroc c6 lien he khop 2, Vlt ep 3va vit dinh han 4 d~t sat hai nira cua klm. Kh6i hrong cua kim 13,lkg. MOi tiet dien day nrong ling voi mot bl) mang 16t nAn day (hlnh 2-16).

Hlnh 2-16. Mang nan ep day cua kim ep Ovan

Hinh 2-17. Mang d¢m de cill day dan cua kim ep Ovan

4

3

T6i day dan cac pha

Hlnh 2-1B. Thie'l hi d6ng tMi keo ca 3 day dan

1. puli : 2. m6c ; 3. c6t diu chao cap ; 4. chao cap dut'mg kfnh 13mm

C6 th~ lap d~t them cac tlfm d¢m tren va dum de! cat day dan (hlnh 2-17).

Kh6i hrong cac ta'm d¢m nay 0,46 kg.

Thier bi d6ng thm keo cang ca ba day dan (hlnh 2-18) Ul he th6ng n6i ... gitta cac cap chao ella ba puli d~ttrong met vong, tift eli ba day dan diroc n6i

voi cac d~u c6t U d~u cap chao .duqc keo dtu vm cung met 19c nhunhau.

Tili trong Ian nhat cho phep d6i voi toan b~ thiet b] khong ducc vUQ1 qua

2T. Kh6i hrong tdng ella thiet hi khoang 60kg. .

5 - KTLDEl

65

Xe choi lAp d~t dl:qc dung de nang cOng nhan len dO cao t6'i 12m, t4m v6i 9m, g6c quay 360°.

Sa d6 xe choi nang bAng thuy hrc cho tren hlnh (2-19)

~h

~

,

,

0)

b)

Hlnh 2-i9. Xe ehoi nang thuy lire a) dang lip ghep ; b) dang phfa tnroc

Xe chili g6m c6 mer thap quay, M th6ng thuy l1!c va hai true khuyu hlnh 6ng co lien he khop voi nhau. 0 d4u true khuyu tren kep 2 gia nOL Choi lAp d~t dllqC d~t tren 0 ,to de di chuyen.

Nho c6 t4m vci Ian cua gil1 noi til' mOt ch6 dO cua OtO cho phep thuc hien diroc ta:t d. cac cong viec a tren cao tren mOt cot.

Vi~c di~u khien choi c6 the thuc hien d. til' tren OtO Ian tren gia nOL Oia nOi cling c6 the ha tha:p dllqc de phuc vu lAp d~t a mire thap han m~t da:t. Vi du, dllang day di qua g4m cau. Xi lanh -thuy hrc cua choi dtroc cung cap boi cac van chan bao dam de bao v~ true khuju tranh roi khi hu hong 6ng dan d:iu.

§2-4. LAP £),; T DAY DAN

Truae khi tien hanh cac cOng viec lAp ~t day dAn, c4n phai c6 d:iy du cac tai lieu ky thuat clin thiet nhir : m~t dt tuyen day (d6i v6i dllOng day 20 + 35 kV) c6 V! tri phan b6 cac c()t. bang liet ke dQ vong treo day cho cac khoang cQt, cac ban vi! m~t cAt duang day vei cac dUOng day khac hoac cac cOng trlnh xay dung, ky thuat va cac s6 lieu thie't ke' khac, Vi du, cac ban vi! cac doan virot dtrong qua lai d~c bier,

66

Tnroc khi lAp dl).t c4n phai kit!m tra thea cac tai 1i~u ky thuat va hoan canh dieu kien tl1 nhien mOi tnreng khf hau noi lAp d~t, thuc hlen het tA't Cll cac cong viec tru6e khi Hip d~t nhu chinh lai cac drrb'ng day giao nhau, eh~t phat cay tren hanh lang tuyen, chinh va kep chat lai xa, su tren el)t.

1. Ljp sU' dU'ng

Ceng viec d4u tien la lAp ti sli' VaG Sll. Khi v~n Sll vao ti c;1n 1\111 y Ia khOng diroc v~n qua sau va tranh tam ran mit hu hong suo C4n phai danh dA'u dl) sau v~n su tren ti (klch thm.1c A hlnh 2-20).

De d3.m bio lAp cMt sa voi ti, tnroc het dn quA'n sqi lanh ho~e gai VaG doan e6 ren cua ti sli' hoac chen xi mang cat giiia ti va Sll.

Cac sgi lanh ho~e sQi gai dU'Q'c boi tron 1 bang bl)t minium (Pb304) tam &iu trung hop

ocxon pha a trang thai long, cac s¢ dn dU'qc -

quan deu thanh lap. Chi phi soi trung blnh

5-6g, bl)t minium va d4u trung hop 8-10g

cho ml)t suo

Khi lAp sli' vao xa pbai giii' cho ti sa a vi trf thing dUng ,,:a kep eh~.t bang each v~n t cu c6 vong dem xiet ,eh~t ti Sll v6i xa,

A

Hin" 2-20. Sit va ti

2. V," chuyin day din trin tuyen

Khi nang va ha cac 10 day dn bao v¢ tranh lam hu hong day din. KhOng diroc quang 10 day tir tren xe xu6ng di'i't.

Tren tuyen dubng day cac 10 tang tr6ng e6 day din e4n ph8i'duQ'C phan b6 sao cho khi rai het day eua It') nay g4n den vi-trf Mt d4u ciia It') day moi, Vi~e van chuyen day dAn tren tuyen diroc tien hanh thea bang liet ke dinh tnroc e6 tfnh tai chieu dai day din cua mOi It') day, m~t dt tuyen, trang thai dirong, c6 dtrong di lai dt ngang hay khong, hirong va bien phap rai day.

3. Ralday

Viec rai day diroc tien hanh bing each thao day dAn ra khoi tang tr6ng cua 10 day khi quay tang tr6ng quanh true treo It') day d~t tren cac kfch hoac cac gia dO'rJij day chuyen dung.

61

De keo raj day, thueng dung may keo, OtO. Trong dil!u kien khOng c6 duO'ng OtO di lai duqc dung bien phap thu eOng bang tm quay tay hoac tnrc tie'p bang sue nguoi. Nen keo rai ddng thoi ca ba day.

Khi rai day bAng strc ngiroi do tinh roan sao cho mOi cong nhan chiu luc khong qua 50kg day dAn.

..,

_,;.

_-

Hlnh 2-21. D~t 10 dAy tren gili do nii day

Khi khOng c6 gia dO' n\i day c6 the dao hO trong d~t sau qua nira dirong kinh ciia rna tang tr6ng va be ngang Ion hOO be ngang cua tang. True tang tr6ng diroc d~t tren h6 va ke tren tam

gO dern (hlnh 2-22).

De kep chat dau day dan khi keo nli day ta dung cac cue nen ep dung trong lAp d~t da neu a tren,

Viec rai day duoc tien hanh lien tuc tranh cho cap chao keo day bj chung do tnrot khOng tai.

Sau khi d~t tang 16 day vao V! trf bAt dau keo rai day. True thep duqe tap vao 16 cua tang 10 day. Yang bac dem bang kim loai cAn phai duqc d~t chao chdn tren hai rna cua tang tr6ng quanh 10 vl rang dOi khi keo rai day tang tr6ng co the bi hu hong. Hai gia dO' rai day diroc d~t til' hai phia cua tang tr6ng duoi true quay ciia tang. Thanh ch6ng cua gia dO' diroc d~t v6 phia keo nii day (hlnh 2-21).

B¢ gia do phai d~t tren toan bQ m~t phang cua mat d~t duqe, 'san bang, Khi da:t yeu phai ke be len tren ta:m g6 16t de! chong lun, Khi di),t xong gia do,ta dung kich nang deu tangtr6ng len. Viec nang ket thiic khi gioi han dum cua rna tang tr6ng da duqc nang eao han mat d~t khoang 10 + 15cm. Tang tr6ng dUQ"c d~t vao gia sao eho dau day t\l' do clla day dAn nam b phia tren tang va quay v6 phia keo nli day,

.. ,

.. _-

Hinh 2-22. D~l 10 day tren h6 di rai day

68 '

Vi¢c rai day co the direc ti€n hanh bang each keo tnrot tren rn~t d4t ho(ic truqt theo cac puli lAp d~t treo tren xa cet dien. Sa d6 rai day neu tren hlnh 2-23.

Cac puli co rna kieu ban I~ dircc treo va rna siln tren cac xa cot, khi riii d€n dau thl nang day cai vao puli va khoa rna puli, sau do lai tiep tuc k60 riii day.

Hinh 2-23. Sa do nii day dung puli

Phuong phap raiday thea puli nhe nhang va ton it Iuc han phtrong phap keo riii tnrc tiep tren rn(it d4t va kheng lam hu hai day dAn.

Khi riii day qua cac chuong ngai vat rna khong sit dung duoc phirong tien keo (song, su6i hoac d&rn My) ta dung day cap hoac chao de keo rai day se nhe hon keo nii true tiep day dan.

Khi nU day qua duong sAt, duang OtO, dtrong cao t6c, dirong day thong tin lien Iac vv ... phai luu y cac yeu cau d~c biet nhu day dan khong dugc cham vao dirong day thong tin, khong dugc lam can tra viec di lai cua duang sAt, duang Oto. VI vay, IUy theo dieu kien cua noi lAp d~t ta phai sir dung cac phirong tien, dung cu va bien phap khac nhau dam bao virot qua chirong ngai v~t tranh pha huy sl! hoat d<)ng blnh thtrong cua chung nghia la phai dung cac c<)t tam de dO' day khi rai keo day vuot duang sAt, direng OtO va duang day thong tin lien lac, q,t tarn phai cao han duang day thong tin tren l m,

De rai keo day viret qua duang sAt, duong giao thong va cal! duang dien cao the' khac dn phai xin phep co quan quan Iy v~n hanh va di~u khien cac d6i nrong nay. Viec nii keo day chi duqc ti€n hanh khi du<,1c phep (cap giay phep) cua cac CO quan chu quan nay.

Rai keo day qua dirong day cao ap chi diroc thirc hien sau khi nhan diroc thong bao dirong day cao ap nay d3 duoc cAt dien va dUQ'C n6i d4t an toan cua co quan v~n hanh,

4. Noi dAy

Vi¢<: n6i cdc cM.u day da duqc cii voi nhau phlti duoc ti€n hooh sau khi d3 rai day. Day nhom va day thep nhieu soi dtroc n6i bAng ong n6i ovan bang kim loai cung Ioai v6i day va dUQ'C nen ep bang kim v(in b6p.

69

Chit hrong cua m6i n6i trong 6ng n6i Ovan du(,1C dam bao bang each chon chfnh 6ng n6i va cac t4'm 16t cho kim.

Khi ep m6i n6i bang kim tao thanh cac vEt 10m phan b6 thanh bu6c cac v€t lorn tao thanh cac duang cong dang s6ng cua day dam bao dQ ben bit kin khe hcr cua day,

Tru6c khi ep m6i n6i phai chuan b! kim ep nhu : boi tron cac kh6p cua canh tay don, vft ep va ngong vit dua 6 b d~u kep cua canh tay don.

DAy dan diroc long til tit vao 6ng n6i tit chieu d6i dien sao cho cac dAu day tho ra khoi 6ng n6i khoang 20 + 25mm (hlnh 2-24).

1 3

a)

11_1~llb)

Hinh 2-24. a) Trinh tv ep 6ng n6i ovan cho day d6ng. day nhOm va day nhOm loi thep: b) Dang van xoan ella 6ng n6i evan

Vi~c n6i day dan bang 6ng n6i Ovan duoc nen ep cho phep dim bao duqc dQ ben ve ca. Song d!}.c tfnh vt dien cua m6i n6i thea then gian se hi x4u d'n. Do vay can phai kiem tra dinh kl cac m6i nOi nay. Dc! han ch6 cac nhiroc dUm· neu tren nen tien hanh han nhiet cac da.u day voi nhau (hlnh 2-25).

~

M5ihan
a)
L: 31 ·bl
D~yphl,J.
~
M6Jh4n b) Hi"h 2-25. Han day dan b6 sung cho 6ng n6i a) han thong long ; b) han e6 hai 6ng n6i ; e) han ben trong 6ng n6i.

70

Ba hlnh thirc han day dan thea hlnh 2-25 a, b, c phO bien nhat Ia dung each han d1iu tien (H.2.25a), ap dung phuong phap han nay neu han ngay tren mat dlft se dan toi kh6 rai day bang puli. Neu rai day bang puli ta phai ep 6ng n6i truce rOi moi keo nH day, khi c6 dinh day xong thuc hien han true tiep tren cao nho choi nang thuy lire.

Cach han thu hai va ba (hinh 2-25 b, c) kh6 kiem tra m6i han nen it dung.

Cach n6i day dan sgi dan ducc trlnh bay tren hlnh 2-26.

Blah 2-26. Phuong phap n6i day sgi dan

Bing 2-Il. xtca THUOC N61 DAy

Kfch thuoc, nun
Dutmg kfnh day, mm
a b c khOng duai d
Too 4 15 40 8 -
5 15 50 10 -
6 15 80 12 10+15 5. CAng day

Cac day dan da ducc n6i vm nhau va nang len cc)t dn phai duoc keo cang du luc de giu chang a de) cao each m~t dat c4n thic!t.

DAy dAn cang giita cac.cot co trong luong duqc d4c tnrng bOi d() Yang treo day, Gia tri de) yang treo day phu thuoc vao rna hieu day dan. kh6i hrong ella n6 va d() dai khoang vuot, DAy dAn keo cang cang de) yang cang nho. Cung mot luc cang de) yang se 16n khi khoang each giita cac c"t Ian. Nhiet de) thay dOi Him chieu dai day dAn thay dOi khien cho de) yang ci'ing thay dOi.

DQ yang treo day diroc tlnh roan cho trong bang d6i v6i cac rna hieu day dan khac nhau va duqc giao cho cOng nhan keo dog day thuc hien, D¢ Yang treo phu thuoc vao nhiet de) khong khi, theo thai gian keo va chieu dai khoang virot,

De sir dung hop 19 nhat dia hlnh cac khoang vuqt: trung gian gitta cac c()t chiu lire (cot moe) diroc chia khOng d~u nhau. Trong tnrong hop nay dO

·71

I

I

! yang treo day d6i vdi doan gitra hai cot m6c duoc tfnh theo khoang virot goi la

quy d6i.

Khoang virot quy d6i dtroc tfnh theo cOng thtrc

if + ~ + ... + 1~ lqd =

1] + 12 + '" + In

trong d6, lqd - khoang virot quy d6i ; 1], 12, ... , 1n - khoang vuot trung gian trong doan gifra hai cQt m6c.

Vi vay d¢ yang treo day trong khoang virot trung gian phu thuoc vao gia tri cua khoang virot quy d6i dtroc lay gifi'a hai cQt m6c.

Vi¢c xac dinh d¢ v5ng treo day khi thi cong tien hanh theo each sau, Tir bang d¢ yang treo day da cho d6i voi rna hieu day va Jl!C cang chap nhan diroc d6i v6i cac khoang virot khac nhau, ta chon d¢ vong phil hop voi khoang vtrot quy d6i. Theo bang nay ta tim d¢ v5ng treo day d6i vai dieu kien nao phil hop duqc v6i ngoai canh,

Trong thai gian cang day, t6 tnrong t6 thi cOng phai ngam bAng mat qua 6ng nhom va dan cua thuoc do treo tren c¢t ben canh. Khi dat duoc d¢ yang yeu cau thl ra lenh ngirng keo v.a c6 dinh day. Viec keo Cling day c6 tht thuc hien hang may keo, 016, toi tM cOng va doi khi bang suc nguoi,

C6 dinh day tarn thai cO tM dung day thCp hoac chao neo buoc nhtr hlnh 2-27 a, b.

b)

Hinh 2-27. BUQc c6 dinh day I~m thai

a} buoc b~.ng day thep: b) buoc bang day chao

72

I

I

! 6. NO'I dat c9t

Viec n6i da't ei)t phu thuoc vao dien tro suat cua da.'t.

Dien tro n6i doft eua trang bi n6i da.'t cet kh6ng diroc VUQ't qua 10 + 300 v~ mila he. Dang phd bien Itt dong coc bang thep goc L 63 x 63 x 6,3 hoac L 70 x 70 x 7. Khi dien tn1 n6i da.'t "lOn co thi! dung them cac thanh sAt det chon sau 0,5 + 1m doc theo tuyen,

Ole k€t ea.'u bang kim loai tren ei)t phai diroc n6i dff't qua day n6i da.'t. Day n6i da.'t bang thep tron hoac thep deft phai co ti€t dien khong diroi 25 mrn". N6i day n6i da.'t vai h¢ th6ng n6i da't thuc hien bang bu long kep, D~u day n6i da.'t phai han voi d~u ei)t bang thep deft e6 rna kern (co tiep dia),

7. Co dlnh day din trim sli Day dAn duoc cang voi di) vong dii eho duoc kep chat tren su duong day.

•

Day dAn l:J cac cot trung ~ian thirong dinrc kep tren d~u su dung con a cac cot g6e va e¢t m6e diroc e6 dinh tren su treo hoac e6 su dung.

o ei)t goc, day dAn duqc d~t a canh ngoai su so v6i gee quay eua dirong day. Khi kep, khong cho phep u6n g~p day. dAn do anh huang cua hrc keo, khong eho phep day dAn bi u6n qua do anh huang cua day buoc,

DAy buoc nen dung day cung vat Iieu v6i day dAn. D~_ kep day vao su co the dung day buoc, ghfp hoac 6ng n6i ovan,

Mot s6 each kep day tren su cho tren hlnh 2-28, 2-29.

Hinh 2-28. C6 dinh day tren .'III ha ap a) buoc tren dllu s(r ; b) buoc tr6n c6 su-

73

..

a)

•

74

Hlnh 2-29. C6 djnh day tren su cao 6p

a) c!)t moe dan, 3 su ;

b) C¢I mec dan, xli kep, 4 su ;

c) cOt moe dan, 2 s11 ;

d) C!)I g6c, 4 su ;

7. Lip b9 t, chong rung

B¢ ta chong rung dtroc treo tren day dan gan noi kep c6 dinh day tren s.:1., Vi trf treo bi} ta ch6ng rung phu thuoc vao rna hieu day, chi~u dai khoang virot, luc cang cua day dan. Cac s6 lieu nay dtroc co quan thi!!t k!! tfnh toan va cung cA'p.

§2-5. KY THUAr AN ToAN LAp DAr DUONG DAy

Nhtrng nguci tham gia cOng tac lAp d~t phai tuan thu day du tA't cii cac quy dinh v~ quy trlnh ky thuat an roan va phai quan tam dliy du t61 cac chi dan cho tirng hang muc cOng viec a muc dQ nao do d~ khong gay milt an toan cho con nguol.

Tnroc khi bAt dliu cOng viec phai xem xet, ki~m tra, thjr nghiem va chi dUQ'c dua may moe, dung cu, cong cu dam bao chat Iuong t6t van phuc vu cong lac thi cOng lAp d~t va chting phai dam bao diroc lire phil hop voi luc duqc sir dung.

TA't ca cac thi€t hi may moe nang h~ phai c6 h6 SC1 ghi chep dliy du cac htr hong xay ra da duqc sira chua va cac k€t qua thii nghiem,

Nghiem cam tam viec tren cot khong deo day an loan. Dayan toan phai Om IA'y ngiroi du chat va e6 moe kh6a nghiem chinh,

Khi riLi cang day virot qua ducng giao thong.phai b6 trf nguoi bao tin hieu canh bao & hai phfa, Ngiroi canh bao d\lngcach om keo day virot dtrong 100m ve m6i phia va phai e6 cO tin hieu va chi dAn cho nguci qua duOng.

De dam bito an roan truce khi nang day dan len dl} cao lAp d~t va neo kep chat day dan,khOng cho phep bilt k5' phirong tien v~n chuyen nao chay qua lai chO rai cang day.

Cong viec nH cang day vUQ1 qua duong sAt phai nen hanh duoi sl,l chi dao true tiep cua ngtroi e6 trach nhiem va thuc hien nghiern ng~t v~ thm han cho phep ciia nganh dirong sAt.

Rai cang day virot duong day thOng tin lien lac cling phai tuan thea sl! chi dao tnrc tiep cling nhu thm gian quy dinh cua CC1 quan chu quan van hanh duong day thong tin lien lac,

TAt ca cac quy dinh phai cho diroi dang van ban,

Rai cang da.y vtrot qua dU<mg day dien cao ap cling nhtr duemg day dien cua tliu dien, tau hoa chay dien cting phai tuan thu sl,l chi dao true ti€p cua

75

nguol co trach nhiem, thtrc hien chinh xac thai gian quy dinh va chi duqc tien hanh khi ducng day da duoc cit dien va ca.t dien su6t thai gian thi cong, 'DuO'ng day nay cling phai diroc n6i dlft M dam bao an toano Sau khi k!!t thuc cong viec tren khoang virot nay nguoi tnrc phai thong bao cho can bQ phu trach cong vice da xong de thao day n6i dA't an toan.sau d6 thong bao cho lanh dao cua co quan qu~n ly van hanh dirong day va duong day dien cao ap biet cong viec da ket tlnic theo hlnh thuc da ducc quy dinh,

Lap d:~t day dan tren hoac dtroi duong day mang dien ap dn phai tuan tho llft ca cac yeu cau khi lam viec diroi dien ap,

KhOng cho phep lam viec tren cQt g6c a phia trong g6c quay cua duimg day de tranh hi day dan keo nga khi dirong day bi d6t.

Khong cho phep treo va ng6i tren cQt m6c (cot chiu lire) v~ phia cang keo day,

Trong thiri gian rai cang day nghiem cam viec dung ng6i va di lai dum day, Cam a duoi ctft hoac choi lAp d*t trogg thai gian lam viec de tranh roi dung C1,l tit tren xu6ng.

Cam nhoai cui ngtroi ra khoi thanh choi khi khong kep treo day an toan, Khi lAp d*t daong day song song gan voi dirong day dien cao ap d~ tranh dien cam imgcan n6i dat day dan dang duqc lAp d~t trong doan lam viec,

Khi troi c6 dong bao phai ngirng viec lap d*t duang day.

Toft cii cac tinh hu6ng mat an toan phai nhanh ch6ng M phong va ph iii bao cho ngiroi lanh dao biet,

§2-6. £)UA £)UONG DAY VAa V~N HANH

DU'a dU'O'ng day vao van hanh la giai dean cuci cung sao khi xay dung va lap d~.t xong dUO'ng day.

Tnnrc khi dua dirong day van van hanh can phai ki!m tra nghiem ngat, phiii tim ra tlft cii cac khiem khuyet trong xay dung va tap d~t, ki!m tra tAt eli cackhoang each d6i voi cac chuang ngai v~t rna duong day di qua, khoiing each t6i cac nha 6, cong trlnh kien true, cong trlnh xay dung va cay c6i, ki!m tra trang thai an roan diim bao eho cac dirong tau.xe qua lai, don dep chat cay tren hanh lang tuyen ...

76

Thu don cac vat tu v~t lieu con du thira trong xay dung va lAp d~t. Tap hop t:1't ca cac tai lieu, cac ban ve, chi dAn, so dO, bien ban, nhat ky cong trinh ... giao cho phong quan Iy san xuat va xay dung. Tat ca cac tai lieu ky thuat phai giao cho co quan v~n hanh dirong day. Sau khi kiem tra tien hanh thir nghiem cho duong day mang dien ap, Viec dua dirong day vao v~n hanh phai co bien ban nghiem thu va dua vao v~n hanh thea dung trlnh nr quy dinh,

cAu H610N T~P CHUaNG 2

I. Cac dinh nghia va cac yeu cau ky thuat co ban khi lap d~t duong day.

2. Cac vat lieu va phu kien dung trang lAp d~t duong day, Y nghia va cong dung cua chung.

3. Cac may moe, dung cu dO nghe dung trong lap d~t dirong day, d~c diem va nhilng dieu dang luu y trong sir dung.

4. Cac hang muc phai lam trong khi lAp d~t day dAn, giai thich y nghia cua tirng viec lam trong cac hang muc,

5. Cac bien phap an toan trong lap d~t dueng day, cac gi3.i phap c~ hru y. ~

6. Thu tuc holm tatcong viec de dua duong day vao v~n hanh,

77

Chuang B

THUC HANH LAP OAT DUONG DAy cAp

. .

§3-1. cAe s6 L1~U Cd BAN vA PHAM VI ONG DUNG ~,

COA cAp LVC . .

1. afe tinh eua cap I!le dlqn ap 1 + 35kV va eau true rUQt din eli;n Cap lire (hlnh 3-1) g6m e6 cac pMn tii ehfnh sau :

5

Hinh 3-1. Cap mQt ru(H vo chl co quaJi 16p vo bQC bang thep hi. ru1)t dAn di¢n hlnh trim. 1. ruet cap (Ioi) ; 2. lOp each di¢n bAng gia:y ; 3. vo chl ; 4. lap dem Mng soi ;

5. 16p dai thep ; 6. vo phU bao v¢ bAng sQ'i tAm d!lu

a) MQt hoac mQt vai ruQt (lai) dAn di¢n.

b) L6p .v~t li~u each di¢n each Iy cac ruot dan di¢n v6i nhau va each Iy vm lop vo bao v¢.

c) Lop vo M, bao v~ each dien cua cap tranh Am um, tranh tac dong

cua cac chlft dQc do dau tAm thoat ra do hu hong eo hoc.

d) Cac lap vo bao v~ day dan va. dai thep la quan tren M mat de phong ngira cac hu hai e6 tM c6 cling nhu de tranh rae dong co hoc hoac tranh an mon, hangi khi d~t trong dat,

78

V ~t lieu eC1 ban dung lam ruot dan dien ella cap la dong hoac nhOm ky thuat dien. NhOm eo kh6i IU(,1ng rieng nho han dong (kh6i IU(,1ng rieng nhOm 2,7 con dong -:-- 8,9) do do lam giam dang ke kh6i IU(,1ng ella cap, M~t khac, nhOm e6 dien tra suat

eao han dien tro suat ella dong khoang 1,62 + 1,65 Ian. D() ben eC1 hoc ella nhOrn kern han dOng va dQ Oxi hoa M mat ella nhOm cling cao han dong,

Ruot cap c6 cac dang : hlnh tron, hlnh quat, hinh manh,

8)

Hinh 3-2. cap c6 t;~t dien ruOt cap hlnh quat a) tilt dien cap ba rU¢1 hlnh quat ;

b) cap bon ruQt c6 cac ruQt chfnh hlnh quat va ruet trung ttnh hlnh tron,

cap mot ruot va ba ruot c6 cac ruot duoc boc chi rieng re eo tat ca cac tiet dien, can cap nhieu ruct c6 dai boc

each dien co tiet dien tai 16mm2, ruot eo dang hlnh tron,

Cap nhieu ruot e6 dai bQC each dien co tiet dien tai 25mm2 va Ian han e6 ruot cap dang hlnh quat (hlnh 3-2).

Ruot thu nr ella cap bon ruot c6 the c6 dang hlnh tam ~ilic d~t 0 giua cap, Cac ruot cap trong vo boc bang chl c6 ti!!'t dien tai lfirnm tat ca la ruet mot S(,1i ; tiet dien 25,35 va 50mm2 - mot sci hoac nhieu sci ; ti!!'t dien 70mm2 : ruot dOng day nhieu soi, ruet nhom - day nhieu sci hoac met sci ; tiet dien tren 70mm2 - tat ca la da.y nhieu soi.

Cap vo boc bang nhorn c6 cac ruot dOng hoac ruOt nhOm too 16mm2 la day mot soi ; cap ruet dong c6 tiet dien 25mm2 va 35 mm2 la day mOt sci hoac nhieu sci, ti€t dien tir 50mm2 tro len la day nhieu sqi. Cac cap ruot dOng c6 tiet dien tai 35mrn2 va nhOm c6 ti!!'t dien too 70mm2 bao gom ca each dien tim it da.u diroc san xuat bang day m.Ot soi.

Cac ruot cap lam bang day dan nhieu sci dtroc ben ch~t de giam duemg kfnh ben ngoai, Dieu nay cho phep giam ehi phi each dien va chi phf kim loai mau, Sl,l nen eh~t day dan ella roOt cap cung ap dung eho cit cac cap e6 each dien tim it dau de giam dau tam each dien chay thea ruOt cap. Tiet dien day dan cua ruet cap hlnh tron khOng duqe nen va duec nen .ehi).t cho tren hlnh 3-3.

79

a)

b)

Hinh 3-3. RUOI cap hlnh Iron

a) khOng diroc nen chat ; b) duoc nen chat

Tiet dien ruot Cap duoc - chuan h6a. Tier dien tieu chuan cho trong bang 3-1

Bang 3-1. TIiT DIJi;N RUOT cAp

Tie'l dien ruet Ih(r tu (day trung tfnh), mm 2
TiEl dien ruot chfnh, mm2
Khi vo cap boc chi Khi vo cap bee nhorn
4 2,5 -
6 4 4
10 6 6
16 10 10
25 10 16
35 16 16
50 16 25
70 25 35
95 35 50
120 35
150 50
185 50
240 - - 80

Ngoai cactiet dien cho trong bang 3-1, ruor cap cua cac cap ml>t ruot con c6 tiet dien 300; 400 ; 500; 625 va 800 mm2.

Cac ruot din dien cua cap khong duoc xom, khong diroc phlnh ra hoac cong venh va dli't cac soi nho, each dien bi hu hong.

2. each dl,n clia cap 'llc

Cach dien cua cac cap luc lam viec trong dieu kien rA't nang ne. Trong qua trlnh san xuat va khi lAp d~t cap each dien bi u6n cong con trong thai gian v~n hanh bi phat n6ng va nguoi Ianh trong dien tnrong cao ap.

Be day cua each dien cap phu thuoc vao gia tr! dien ap danh dinh (dinh rrurc) cua cap : Dien ap cang cao lop each dien cang day.

Dang chinh ella each dien cap la giA'y cap diroc tam dau b dang cac dai bang hep (be rong 10 + 40mm) va mong (be day 0,125 + 0,175mm).

day dAn d6ng

each di¢n XLPE ----

man chan each dien ----'

man chan kim IOl;li----

lop sQ'i d¢m ------

lop bang dai -oJ

VQ boc PVC -----.(mau den)

Hinh 3-4. Cap cao ap'Ioai XLPE

Ngay nay each dien cua cap (hlnh 3-4) dtroc dung la nhua t6ng hop polyetylen (PE) diroi hai dang XLPE va PE c6 cau true mach eao phan tir (hinh 3-5).

6· KTLf)fJ

81

XLPE

H H H H H

I I I I I

-C-C-C-C-C-

I I I I

H H H H

H H H H

I I f I

-C - C - C - C - C-

I f I I I

H H H H H

PE

H H H

f I I

-C - C - C

I f I

H 'H H

H H

I I

C -C-

I I

H H

Hinh 3-5. Cd"u true cua each dien XLPE vaPE.

Cac cap each dien XLPE vo boc nhua PVC duqc ch€ tao ca b dien ap ha ap (duoi IOOOV) Ian dien ap cao ap (t61 35kV).

Man che duqc Him bang kim Ioai hoac gia:y ban dAn phu teen be mat each dien nham muc dich ngan chan hien nrong iOn h6a va nang cao d.:) ben 'dien cho cap.

Ngoai ra, lap gia:y ban dan c6 d~c diem ha:p thu cac san pham doc hai do dau va khi phan ca, ngan can (lam cham) s\!' gia h6a ciia each dien cap trong thai gian van hanh,

De phan bier tirng ruot d6i v6i cap nhieu ruet trong thi cOng lcip d~t nha ch€ tao quy dinh dung cac mau do, yang, xanh d6i vci cac day pha va mau den d6i voi day trung tinh. Cac mau nay duqc danh da:u tren lOp each dien ngoai ciia tirng runt cap.

Cap c6 d~c tfnh dien cao, thai gian phuc vu dai (tren 40nam), nhiet d!) lam viec cao (cap ha ap, each dien gia:y tam ditu tai 85°C).

Cac cap each dien bang cha:t deo nhu policlovinln va polietilen c6 dQ ben IOn ch6ng dircc kiem va axit duqc dung rong rai trong cac xi nghiep h6a chat,

Nhuoc diem chfnh cua cap loai nay la nhiet dQ lam viec thap (d6i voi polietilen khOng qua 55° va d6i voi policlovinin khOng qua 65° va khong dam bao diroc d.:) ben khi qua tai,

3. Cac Idp vo bao vt cap

L6p vo bao v¢ diroc dung de bao v¢ each di¢n cho ruot cap tranh am va hu hong tren be m~t n6.

Vo cap c6 the lam bang chi, nhom hoac chat deo tdng hop c6 cac lap phu,

82

Cap vo chi dung d(! d~t -trong nha, trong 6ng thep hoac trong cac dircng 6ng cap bang be tong, khi khong c6 nguy hiim dan too hu hong v~ mat co hoc khong can them cac lap vo phu,

De rai cap trong cac nha khO rao cho phep dung cap vo nhOm khOng c6 lap phil bao ve.

.

Cap c6 vo boc bang nhira each dien dung thay cho cap vo chi va vo nhOm.

4. Cac lap vo phu bao v,

Cac lop phil bao v¢ duoc dung de bao v¢ cap tranh hu hong v~ co hoc, tranh tac d.:)ng cua cac axft hOO ca. kiem va cac dong dien an mon trong cap vo chi, vo nhom,

Ktt cau cua cac lOp vo phu bao v¢ phu thuoc vao di~u kien Jam viec cua cap. Cac lap vo bao v¢ bao g6m :

Lap bao v¢ cho cap vo chi. vo nhOm ch6ng dong di~n an mon, lop dern dung de ngan ngira kha nang hu hong vo cap do 16p vo thep ben ngoai khi rai d~t hoac u6n cap trongthoi gian thi cong hip d~t ; lap pbu bAng thep de bao ve cho vo cap tranh hu hong ve co hQC va anh hufmg clla cac day kim loai lac dung len cap do lire keo khi rai keo cap; lap vo phil ngoai cung bao v¢ cho lap vo dai thep tranh bi anmen.

De bao ve vb cap tranh bi an mon, vo cap dUQC phii mOt lap bang gil1"y hoac soi day, soi Ianh, sci gai tam bi tum (nhua duang) ho~c dung lap boc nhua each dien pvc.

Tuy thea dieukien v*n hanh de baa v¢ cap tranh cac hu hong ve mat co hoc, lap vo phu bang dai thep c6 the 18 cac bang dai hoac bang cac day thep tron, thep det rna kern.

5. Ket cau cua cap - cap mot ruot :

Cac cap co ti€t dien ruot cap tren 240mm2 thuCmg duqc tam la cap mot ruot, Dip met rUQt dltqc san xuat c6 dien ap tll' 1 + 35 kV d6i voi dong di~n xoay chieu va 75kV d6i voi dong di¢n mot chieu, cap m.:)t ruct c6 uu diem Ja lam mat t6t han cap ba ruet, VI v*y khi dong dien tM Ian nen dung cap mot ruor,

Khi d<}t cap mot ru.:)t clin ch u y 18 neu nhu lOp vo phil bang bang dai thep khi mAc vao mang dien xoay chieu thl khi gia tri dongdien l{m chay qua cap

83

se lam cho lop va phu bang thep bi d6t n6ng qua mue do h.u qua cua dong cam rmg Fucc lam tang tdn thA't trong phan va thep bi qua kich tit.

Khi khOng c6 vo phu bang thep hien nrong qua kfch tit khong xuat hien, Ne'u nhu khi la.p d~t doi hoi phai lAp cap m(lt ruet do dong dien xoay chieu c6 gia tri l6n clio phai thao bi> lop vi> thep,

- Cap hai ruct :

Cap hai ruot thirong che' tao hai ruot c6 each dien dang hlnh tron tiet dien

2 '

toi 16mm .

Cap hai ruot ha ap (tm lkV) che' tao dang hlnh quat tm 150mml.

- Cap ba ruot :

Cap ba ruot duqc Slr dung rQng rai khi xay dung cac dirong day cap. Toy thea cap dien ap, each d~t, vat lieu cua vo cap rna cap diroc san xuat vol cac d;ii tie't dien loi khac nhau,

Cac cap luc dien ap t&i 10k V diroc che tao c6 dai each dien (hlnh 3-6). Cac cap di¢n ap 20 + 35kV va. doi khi cap 10kV co man che cho tung ruot, khOng c6 each dien dai, each dien vong cua tirng ruot duqc bee man che kim loai duqc n6i dlft.

Dien tnrong trong each dien cua cap ba ruot co man che co dang hlnh tia (hlnh 3-7).

Htnh 3-6. C4p ba ruet c6 vo chi bio v¢

1. rU!)1 cap; 2. each di(!n pha ;

3. each di¢n dai ; 4. vo bao v¢.

a)

b)

Hinh 3-7. Di¢n tnrong trong cap ba pha a) cap c6 each dien dai ;

b) cap cac ruot c6 man che

,

Dien tnrong nay bi gioi han

hoi phan each dien giira cac day dAn va man che kim Ioai, Nho c6 man che trong cap khOng c6 di~n tnrong tao d(lng dQC theo cac lop each dien nen cac khe tr6ng chen lap d~m khongbi ion h6a.

84

Man che cua cap duoc cht tao thea hai dang : tUng ruor duqc boc vo chl rieng re hoac c6 man che lam bang kim loai,

- cap b6n ruot :

cap bon ruot Ht cap ha ap c6 boc nhira each di~n boac each di~n bang gi4y t~m it d~u. Tie't dien ciia cac ruQt chfnh.4 + 185mm2• DOng di¢n chay trong day trung tfnh bing hieu dong dien cac phs nen ti~t di¢n cua day trung tfnh chon be han ti!t dien cac day dan chfnh (bang 3-: 1). C6u tao cua cap b6n ruot cho tren hlnh 3-2b.

6. Cap d{it thing dUng hOfC d,t nghiing

ThOng thuong cac cap co each di¢n bang gilty t~ d~u khi d~t thing dt1ng hoac d~t d6c nghieng b] han ch~ vi d~u d6n dAn xu6ng phdn dum cap con phan tren cap bi kho,dful t6i vo cap de b] hong b pMn dum,cQn pMn tren each dien nhanh bi gia h6a dAn d~n dQ b~n dien cua cap giam,

De d~t cap thang dUng ho~c d6c nghieng.trong cong nghiep dung cac cap cachdien gi4'y t~m diu rna each di¢n dang d~c khOng chay,

Hien nay dung ph6 bien 18 cac cap each di¢n bAng cM.'t deo t6ng bqp loai XLPE ho~c PE.

1. Cap cach dl,n b~ng cao su

Dip cao su vi m~t cau tao duqc phan Ioai thea dang clla lOp vb phil bao v¢, di¢n ap danh dinh, s6 va ti~t dien cua ¢ac ruQt dAn di¢n.

Lap vo phu cua cap co tM co cac d~g : vo chi tr4n ; vo chi quet nhua duang ; vo chi quan bang thep hi c6 phU lap sqi day, lanh, gai ; vo chi boc dAy thep tron, vo bee cao su khOng chay, vo nhlfa PVC ...

T<1't cia cap, c6 ruQt d6ng, tic!t di¢n cap 2,3 ruQl 1 + 185mm 2 cap met ruot 1 + 240mm2,

8. Cae khuyet t,t cua cap

Cac cap llfc trong qua trlnh chI! tao dli dugc kiern tra nghiem ngt.t theo tirng cOng doan ve ch«'t hrong. Cac cap hoan chinh trUoc khi dua vao kho phiai duoc bQ ph~n kitm tra ky thuat cua nha may kiem tra.

Trong thai gian thu nhan phiai do d<:lc, thir nghiern theo cac tieu chutn ky thuat nha nuac hien hanh, Song khOng phiai hie nao, khOng phii khuy€t ~t nao

85

cua cap cling drrgc phat hien htt khi nha may thir nghiern rna dOi khi sau m(>t thai gian nao d6 khi u.p d~t hoac tham chf trong qua trlnh vanhanh moi phat hien ra, co th~ c6 cac truong hop cap bi hir hong trong qua trlnh v~n chuyen ding nh u hru trii' i:s kho.

Vi vay, cac cap tnroc khi lAp dij.t dn ph iii dugc ki~m tra lai m(>t each nghiern ngat bbi cac coquan thir nghiem chuyen mOn d~ phat hien cac khuyet t~t chinh cua cap va xac dinh d4c tfnh c~u tao cua cap.

Kiern tra sa bl') tang 10 cap cho phep xac dinh m(>t so khuyet t~t c6 th~ c6 trong cap.

Tang 10 cap c6 chllt luong kern c6 th~ la nguyen nhan gay hu hong cap.

Thireng thirong phai xem xet cac hu hong cua lap vo bao v¢ va each di¢n do dinh d6ng xien tit rna tang cap vao cuon cap c6 hay khOng.

Mil hieu tren tang cap phai ro rang d~ khOng c6 nghi ngo SY' sai khac gitra cap diroc d~t hang v6i cap nhan drrgc.

Trong tnrong h9P dlfu hieu quy dinh, d~c tfnh cllu tnic hoac rna hieu cap khOng ro hoac khong c6, c6 the khoi phuc lai bAng each do va tfnh toan lai cting nhu so sanh cac ph4n tir cllu tao v6i tieu cbuan Nha nuac.

Di¢n ap danh dinh ciia cap dugc xac djnh blng each do M day ciia dai each di¢n va be day each dien cua ruet cap. So sanh cac kfch thircc do'dugc voi kich thuoc tieu chudn cua Nha mroc hoac cac tieu chudn ky thuat c6 phil hop k\Ong.

Tiet dien cac ru"t din di¢n diroc xac dinh bAng each do ho~c danh gia.

Tiet dien ciia loi hlnh tron kheng duqc ep cit4tJdllQ'C xac dinh bang t6ng tiet dien cua cac soi, Tiet dien ella 16i hlnh tron dugc ep ch~t dllgc xac dinh thee chu vi cua ruet tron v6i duang kfnh ciia chting.

Tiet dien F ella loi hlnh tron duqc de dinh thea cOng thirc : 2

F = 0,785 d ,

trong d6, d - duang kinh cua day hoac ru(>t cap, rnm.

Tiet dien glin dung cua ruet cap hlnh quat - theo cOng thtrc :

F = r (0,5 p -- r), trong d6, F - tiet dien cua ruot car, mrn2 ;

p - chu vi cua ru¢t cap, rnm ;

r - ban kfnh cua hlnh quat.

86

Khi co sl,l' chay d<iu ram each dien lJ d!1u cu6i hoac doc theo chieu dai cap chtmg t6 kich thucc hlnh hoc cua cap bi bien dang va co the xuat hien dl) am tang trong ruot cap. Cac cap nay chi duoc Up d~t sau khi dii kiem tra va thir nghiern cAn than. Khi rai cap phai kiem tra ky M m~t cua cap.

Cac khuyet t~t cua l6'p vo phu co the Iii nguyen nhan lam giam d<) tin cay hoac tharn chi gay hu hong cap g6m co ; chat tam each di¢n xA"u vA co khe hlJ trong lap sot boc ben ngoai ; dt1t hoac xO don lap bang dai thep boc ngoai ; van xoan cac canh cua cac soi thep det boc phil. Nghiern trong nhA"t la khuyet t~t ciia l6'p dai thep phu lam hong lap vo bao v¢ cua cap,

Cac cap bi khuyet t~t co the chuyen sang dung b cap di¢n ap thA"p hO'O.

§3-2. LLJA CH9N TIET DleN cAp

Viec tinh toan lira chon tiet dien cap diroc tien hanh theo hai phuong phap chinh sau :

- Chon theo phat nong gim han cho phep hay chon thea dong dien lam viec 1Au dai cho phep ;

- Chon thea mat dt) dong di¢n cho phep thea "Quytrlnh trang bi dien", Neu nhu tiet dien cap khi tinh toan nhan duqc nha han tiet dien yeu cau theo cac dieu kien khac nhu : dong di¢n ngAn mach, tOn thA't dien ap hoac dt) b~n CO hoc thl lay tiet dien l6n han thea man met trong nhiing di~u kien ,neu tren.

Khi tien hanh cOng tac M,p d~t ta thirong va cham too viec chon tiet dien cap. DU'm dAy neu mt)t val bang chinh phuc vu cho viec chon tiet dien cap thea dong phu tai lau dai cho phep thirong g~p trong cOng tac lAp d~t (bang 3-2 + bang 3-5).

Cac bang nay eho phep xac dinh nhanh tiet dien cap can thilt theo phat nong, Gioi han nhiet dt) cho phep clla ruot cap co each di~n giA'y phu thuoc vao dien ap danh dinh ciia cap. Vi du, cap 1 + 3kV -' 80°C, tm 6kV - 65°C, toi IOkV - 60°C va d6i vai cap 20 + 35kV - 5qOC. Vi v~y, nhiet dt) cua ruot cap chiu anh huang cua dieuki¢n lam mat eua mOi tnrong xung quanh nen khi nhiet dt) cua vo cap va khOng khi khac vm nhiet dt) tinh toan dn phai xet tm h¢ s6 hieu chinh (bang 3-6). Khi d~t nhieu cap trong mot ranh cap hoac trong in"t 6ng vai khoang each gifra cac cap 100, 200, 300 mm cAn xet them h¢ s6 hieu chinh (bang 3-7) co xet tm dieu kien lam mat cap xau di bAng each nhan dong dien cho phep IAu dai cua cap vai cac h¢ s6 nay.

87

Bang 3-2 va 3-3 cho dong dien lam viec lau dai cho phep v6i met cap d~t trong ham cap sau 0,7 + 1m, nhiet di) cua d~t +150C

Bang 3-4 va 3-5 cho v6i cap d~t trong nha va trong ranh cap d~t h6 voi khoang each giila cac cap kh6ng du6i 35mm, con d~t trong muong cap khong

dum. 50mm va nhiet dt') kh6ng khi +250C. -

-

BdngJ-2

DONG DI~N LAM VI~C LAu DAI CHO PHEP CVA CAPRUOTD6NGD~TTRONGDXT

Dong di¢n ph1,l tai, A
Cap m(lt ruQt Cap hai rU(lt Cap ba ru(lt Cap 4 ruet
Tiet dien ruet • t6i IkV toi 1 kV
toi IkV too 3kV 16i 6kV toi IOkV
cap. mm 2
Khi nhiet d(l qrc d~i cho phep cua cap, °c
80 80 80 65 60 60
1,5 45 35 30 - - -
2,5 60 45 40 - - -
4 8Q 60 55 - - 50
6 105 80 70 - - 60
10 140 105 95 80 - 85
16 175 140 120 105 95 115
25 235 185 160 135 120 150
35 285 225 190 160 150 175
50 360 270 235 200 180 215
70 440 325 285 245 215 265
95 520 380 340· 295 265 310
120 595 435 390 340 310 350
150 675 500 435 390 355 395
185 755 - 490 440 400 450
240 880 - 570 510 460 -
300 1000 - - - - -
400 1220 - - - - -
500 1400 - - - - -
625 1520 - - - - -
800 1700 - - - - - * Dong lam vi¢c Iau dai cua cap mQI ru(lt khi lam vi¢c vOO dong mQt chieu

88

Bdng3-3

DONG f>I(tN LAM VI¢C LAu nAI CHO PHEP CVA cAp RU('JT NH()M f>!T TRONG f>AT

DOng dien phu tai, A
Cap ba ruet Cap ben ruet
Tilt dien ruQt Tai 3 kV T6'i 6 kV T6'i IOkV t6'i 1 kV
cap mm 2
Khi nhiet dQ cue dl!-i eho phep, DC
80 65 60 60
2,5 31 -r- - -
4 42 - - -
6 55 - - 46
10 75 60 55 65
16 90 80 75 90
25 125 105 90 115
35 145 125 1I5 135
50 180 155 140 165
70 220 190 165 200
95 260 225 205 240
120 300 260 240 -
150 335 300 275 -
185 380 340 310 -
240 440 390 355 - 89

Bdng3-4

DONG DI¢N LAM VI¢C LAu DAI CI;IO PHEP CVA cAp RU«)T D6NG D~ T NGoAI KHONG KHi

Dong di¢n phu lai, A
Clip mOt Cap hai Clip ba ruet Cap b6n
TiE"l dien ruot tai ruQI tai Tai ruQt lai I
ruet cap, * Tai 3kV Tro 6kV
IkV IkV IOkV kV
2
mm
Khi nhiet dQ eire d!Ji cho phep, °c
80 80 80 65 60 80
1,5 30 25 18 - - -
2,5 40 30 28 - - 25
4 55 40 37 - - 35
6 75 55 45 - - 45
10 95. 75 60 55 50 60
16 120 95 80 65 60 80
25 160 130 105 90 85 100
35 200 150 125 110 105 120
50 245 185 155 145 135 145
, ,
70 l 305 225 200 175 165 185
95 360 275 245 215 200 215
120 415 320 285 250 240 260
150 470 375 330 290 270 300
185 525 - 375 325 305 340
240 610 - 430 375 350 -
300 720 _ - - _ _
400 880 _' _ - - -
500 1020 _ _ _ - -
625 1180 - _ _ - _
800 1400 - - _ _ _ '" Dong di¢n lam viec IAu dai cho phep cua cap mQI ruOt khi lam vi¢c vro dong dien mQI chieu,

90

Bdng3-5

DONG DI¢N LAM VI¢C LAu OAI CHO PHEP CVA cAp RU(JT NHOM KHI D~T NGoAI KH()NG KHt

Do~g di¢n phI;! tai, A
cap ba rul)t cap Mn ruQt
Ti!"t dien ruet T~i 3 kV TOi 6 kV T6"i 10kY t6"i I kV
cap mm 2
Khi nhiet dl) qrc d~i cho phep, °c
80 65 60 60
2,5 22 - -r- -
4 29 - - -
\ 6 . 35 - - 35
10 46 43 39 45
16 60 50 46 60
25 80 70 65 75
35 95 85 80 95
50 120 '110 105 110
70 155 135 130 140
95 190 165 155 165
120 220 190 185 -
150 255 225 210 -
185 290 250 235 -
240 330 290 270 - 91

Bang 3-6

H~ s6 HI~U CHiNH THEO NHI~T 00 CVA OAT vA KHONG KH.I 061 vor DONG PHV TAl CHO PHEP CVA cAp

Nhiet dO H¢ 86 hi¢u chinh theo nhiet dO thl}'c t~ cua mOi tnrong, °c
Nhiet dO tieu
tfnh toan chuan
cua mOi chI!' tao
tnrong °c cua ruet -5 0 +5 +10 +15 +20 +25 +30 +35 +40 +45 +50
°c
IS} 1,14 i.n 1,08 1,04 1,00 0,95 0,92 0,88 0,83 0,78 0,73 0,68
80
25 1,24 1,21 1,17 1,13 1,09 1,04 0,95 0,9 0,85 0,80 0,74
1,00
~} 1,18 1,14 1,10 1,05 1,00 0,95 0,89 0,84 0,77 0,71 0,63 0.55
65
1,32 1,27 1.22 1,17 1.12 1,06 1.00 0,94 0,87 0,75 0,71 0,61
-
IS}
25 60 1,20 1.15 1,12 1,06 1,00 0,94 0,88 0.82 0,75 0.67 0.57 0,47
1,36 1.31 1.25 1,20 1.13 1,07 1,00 0,93 0,85 0,76 0,66 0,54 Bang 3-7

H~ s6 HI~U CHiNH THEO s6 cAp LAM VI~C O! T SONG SONG TRONG OAT NAM CA.NH NHAU

Khoang S6 Cap
each gilla
cac cap, I 2 3 4 5 6
mm
100 1,00 0,90 0,85 0,80 0,78 0,75
200 1,00 0,92 0,87 0,84 0,82 0,81
300 J,OO 0,93 0,90 0,87 0,86 0,85 92

§3-3. KHAI NI~M CHUNG V~ LAp £)~T cAp

1. Ho sC1 thiet ke

Cac duong day cap diroc xay dung theo thietke, H6 sa thiet ke' bao g6rn : 1) Ban ve mat bang va mat cat tap d~t_cap, ban ve cac tuyen cap khac ben ngoai co chi da.n t~t ca cac mat elit va cac cap 0 gan nhau cung voi cac cong trlnh xay dung ngsm. Tren cac ban ve nay chi ro cac khoang each toi cac toa nha gan nhat hoac cac di~m c6 dinh khac trongkhu vue, hoac cac dau hieu (cac m6c) toi chb d~t dirong day cap, d() sau lAp d~t cap trong ham cap.

2) Cac ban ve xay dung ham cap, c6ng lu6n cap, muong cap va gieng cap voi day du cac kfch thiroc can thiet (trong tnrong hop d~t cap trong cac Mm dip va cac c6ng lu6n cap).

3) MlJt bang sa do rai cap ngam xuyen qua dirong sat, ducng OtO co kg hieu kilomet dUO'ng,s6 hieu C_QC m6c va s6 hieu cac c()t cua dueng day thong tin, tin hieu, neu nhu ducng day cap di cat ngang qua dirohg sat hoac dtreng 6tO. Khi d~t cap qua song, hO co tau be qua lai phai thiet k€ b6 sung cac ban ve mat cAt ciia song, hO tai vi trf cap di qua va vi trf c6 dinh neo kep cap 0 hai ben bo.

4) s6 cap c6 chi fO rna hieu cap, each d~t va d~c tinh cua.moi dirong day (vi d\l,s6 hieu tram bien lip d~t cap xust tuyen, chieu dai duong cap, V! trf d~t, dien ap va tiet dien cap ; danh dau vi trf Hlp d$t va ki~u hop dau n6i cap).

5) Ban liet ke cap, hop diiu n6i, v4t lieu, cau kien va cac chi tiet.

6) Ban d\1' toan liet ke tat ca cac cong viec xay dung duang day cap chi ro trlnh d¢ ngh!! nghiep (bac tho) de hoan thanh tung phan viec rieng fe, thai gian thuc hien, gia nhan cong, t6ng d\l' roan cua duong day.

7) Thiet ke t6 chirc cong viec chi d6i v6i duong day cap di qua song, vue, h6. Thier ke t6 chirc cong viec bao gom : tien dO cOng viec, bi~u d6 tien dt) cung rrng v~t lieu, cong ClJ. va may moe, xay dung kho ciing nhir nhtrng s6 lieu ve nhan luc dam ban hoan thanh cOng viec theo thoi h .. m quy dinh va trong thiet ke t6 chirc cOng viec phai neu cac chi dan ve v~n chuyen cap, vat lieu va neu cac chi dan chi tiet ve co gioi h6a cae' qua tiJ.nh lam viec,

8) Ban luan chtmg ve y nghia, cOng dung cua duong cap duoc xay dung, co so Iva chon cap, sa d6 JAp d~t v. v ...

9) Cac v4t lieu, v4t nr phai phu hop voi tuyen cap theo quy dinh cua err quan quan ly v~n hanh, -

93

2. Baoquan va v~n chuyin cae tang (6 cap

Cac tang 10 cap va cac cuon cap phai diroc bao v¢ trong nha c6 mai che.

Cac tang 10 cap phai duoc sAp xep theo ma hieu, dien ap va tiet dien sao cho

• khi I~y cap khong g~p kh6 khan.

Bao v¢ cac tang 16 cap khong c6 mai che khong du<,1C qua mot nam : khi d6 cac rna cua tang 10 cap dn phai duoc ke cao.

Hai dliu cua cuon cap dn phai direc bit kin de ch6ng am.

Dliu trong cua cuon cap duoc dira ra ngoai con dliu ngoai du<,1c kep chung voi dau trong dt! c6 dinh tren m~t cua rna tang tr6ng. Viec b6 tri nhu v~y tien lei cho viec thir nghiern va sa:y cap.

_ Khi nii d~t cap ngoai nha.cac tang 10 cap can phai du<,1c van chuyen den t~n ch6 rai d~t theo tuyen sao cho chiing khOng gay can tr6 giao thOng. Cac doan cap dai duai 25m thuan tien nha:t la van chuyen tai noi Hip d~t bang each van quay tron tang 10 cap. De tranh xo bong cap ra khei 10 day coin phai buec b6 10 day it nhat la b6n ch6.

Khi nang va ha cac 10 day phai dung phuong tien co giai. Slr dung may nang ha van chuyen cap. OtO clin cau hoac taL

Vi¢c v~n chuyen cap tren khoang each Ian can sir dung xe OtO cii hoac v~n chuyen tren cac thiet bi v~n chuyen chuyen dung.dung OtO hoac may keo.

Ket ca:u cua thie't bi van chuyen chuyen dung cho phep tien hanh rai cap tnrc tiep tir 10 cap d~t tren thiet bi van chuyen.

De van chuyen cap tren CY' Iy ngan c6 the dung xe .boc dO' hang. Trong

tnrong hop nay viec nang ha cac tang 10 cap dan gian nhieu,

Ngoai ra con cho phep sir dung phuong phap vl).n chuyen sau : 1. Van Ian tang 10 cap tnrc tie'p tren m~t da:t.

a) Van Ian thu cOng bang tay khi tang 10 cap chac chan tren CY' Iy ngan (100 + 200m) va khi tang 10 cap c6 khuyet tl).t) cac vong ngoai each mep cua rna tang khOng duai 100 mm ~iing cho phep van Ian trong CY' Iy ngan nay.

b) Dung. tai va chao cap buoc chat vao true thep 16ng qua tang cua 16 day de keo IWl cac tang 16 cap c6 kh6i hrong nho va trung binh tren CY' Iy khong Ian lAm (toi lkm) trong dai tuyen thirc hien cOng tac lAp d~t.

94

2. V~n chuyen tang 10 cap d~t tren t~m thep dung lam n6i hoi dung toi hoac may k60 khi di qua vung d~t yeu, lay I¢i.

Khi nang, ha,' van chuyen cap phai c6 ngirci c6 kinh nghiem theo d5i va quan sat.

KhOng duqc ha.~t dAy tang 10 cap tit tren 010, cac toa san cua duong sAt, cac may m6c v~n chuyen cling nhu tren san kho, tren b~ xu6ng dat vi khi h~t dAy roi c6 th~ lam va rna tang tr6ng quan day, dan tai lam hu hong vo cap.

Khi khOng c6 can du hoac OtO dn cau. viec nang, ha tang 10 cap duoc thuc hien bang each b~c cac t~m van g6 chac'Iam cau tnrotvoi d¢ d6c 1 : 4 cho cac tang 10 cap tnrot tll tll xu6ng da:t. D~ ham tang 10 cap tranh lan tnrot nhanh dung chao. tai neo ham. De keo tang 10 ca» tll da:t len OtO, dung tm hoac chao gai keo,

Tnroc khi IAn can xem xet ky tang 10 cap xem cac ta:rn van ghep chat voi vo c6 bi bong hay hu hong khOng.

Khi IAn van tang 10 cap chi duqc quay thea chieu mfii ten danh dau tren rna tang (hlnh 3-8).

Khi Ian van tang 10 cap tren nen da:t yeu phai l6t van g6.

3. Ban kinh uon cong cap nhe; nhat cho phep

Khi l~p d~t cap can dam bao b¢i sO cua ban kfnh u6n cap hoac 15i cap theo ty l~ vci dirong kfnh ngoai cua chung

D¢ u6n cong cua cap phai Ian han d¢ u6n cong voi ban kfnh nho nha:t cho phep neu trong bang 3-8

Hlnh 3-8. Lan v4n tang 10 cap

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Bdng3-8

BAN KiNH U6N C'ONG cAp NH6 NHAT CHO PHtp CVA cAp LVC v A RU()T CACH D]~N

LOl1-i va cau true cua cap

Ty I~ ban kfnh u6n cua bi'f cong trong voi dlri'fog kfnh ngoai cua n6 khong nho han

Cap ml)t ruot, vo boc chi, each di¢n giily dm dau c6 dai thep va khong c6 dai thep bee phi'!

Cap nhieu ruot, vo boc chl, each di¢n giay tam it dliu co dai thep boc phil •

Cap nhieu ruot, v6 boc chl boac nhom, each dien giAy, c6 dai IMp va khong c6 dai thep boc phil

Cap nhieu ruot, vo boc chl hoac nhua t6ng hop each di¢nb.1ng cao su, c6 dai thep boc phil

Nhu tren nhirng khong c6 dai IMp boc phil

Cap nhieu ruot, c6 each dien giA:y vo boc bang nhua t6ng hop c6 IIl6i phil bao v~ phnc cl1-P

§3-4. £)~ T £)LJONG cAp

25

25

15

10

6

15

1. Cac phU'dng phap d~t dU'csng cap

Cac cap e6 dien tip toi 35kV duqe rai d~t trong cac ham cap (d*t tronp. dilt), trong cac duong 6ng, trong muong, hao, ranh ea J, d*t trong nha, d~t thee wong va cac cong trlnh xay dung, trong 6ng thep ... D~t cap tnrc tie? trong dflt chua cac tap chat gay tac dung pha huy va cap nhu cac chat lam muc mit, axft, chat xi, chat voi, mu6i man ... Ill. khong cho phep, Trang cac tnreng h9"P nay cap ducc d4t trong cac 6ng bang gang, 6ng SU, cng xi mang arniang va cac 6ng lam bang kim loai chon trong d<ft, ngan ~ho cac tap chat chua trong dilt kh6ng tac dong toi cap.

D~t cap trong dA't cat kho va dA't da ciing kh6ng nen, vi trong cac tnrong hop nay phu tai eho phep cua cap giam dang k~ so voi phu tai danh dinh vi lam mat kern do tan nhiet kho,

96

Khi rai cap true tiep trong dlft, thea quy trtnh bolo v~ hrili di¢n eao ap hanh lang vung dlft M bao v~ tuyen cap UI. dien tich khoang dlft c6 be r(mg each bien cua cap 1 m ve hai phfa, trong pham vi hanh lang- nay kh6ng dugc phep xay dJ!I1g cac cong trlnhkhac khi khong diroc S1,l d6ng y cua co quan v~n hanh dirong clip.

Khi d~t cap ha can phai d L! pho-ig M biro v~ tranh tac dl}ng tnrc tiep cua cac tia nang mat troi dti tninh cac ngu6n bucxa nhiet cac dang khac nhau.

, '

Trong pham vi xi nghiep cac duong cap dugc d~t-trong hao cap, ham cap,

muong cap, con trong pham vi tram bien ap va cac thiet bi phan ph6i cap dugc d~t trong ham cap, hao cap, muong cap hose trong cac 6ng thep,

Cac duang day cap trong thanh ph6 hose nong thon ducc d~t trong muong cap dQC thea cac doan duCtng khong c6 xe co qua Iai, diroi via he va thea san, d~t trong cac dui)ng Ong. cac muong cap chay doc theo cac ph6.

Trong qua trlnh lap d~t phai tranh kha nang c6 tac dl}ng CO' hoc lam hu hai cap.

Cac cap trong nha diroc d~t true tlep thea cong trlnh, thea nrong, thea tran (d~t ha ldng trong cac hep hoac 6ng thep, hoac d~t trong cac ranh cap, rmrong cap cling nhu trong cac 6ng), d~t thea san nha hoac thea mango

2. Noidit cap

Cac cap c6 cac vo boc bing kim Ioai dn phai duqc n6i d6t cho cac vb d6.

Khi n6i d6t, vb kim Ioai va cac lap thep phu duqc n6i vili nhau bang day d6ng mern ke ca vo cira hop dau cap va cac hep n6i cap. Vi~c n6i dien va nOi dlft tift ca cac vo boc bing kim Ioai cua cap, cac vo hOp n6i, hop dau cap va cac ke't cau tai cac vi trf cu6i va n6i cap la can thitt khong chi de tranh each dien cua 'cap bi choc thung (ph6ng di¢n) xu6ng d4't gay nguy hiem tai tinh mang con ngiroi, rna con de de phong vo chi ho;}c vo nhom cua cap bi chay thung,

Viec nOi dtft vo cap khong can thiet trong cac truang hop sau :

a) Khi dien ap danh dinhla 380V'ho~c tha:'P hon (dong dien xoay chieu) va 440V hose thap han (dong dien mot chieu) trong cac nba san xuA't kho rao, trlI'

tnrong hop ngiroi pnuc VI,I tiep xuc true tic!p d6ng thci giila thiet bi va dung CI,I n6i dlft.

b) Khi dien ap duai 127V dong di~n xoay chleu va llOV dong dien mot chieu trit cac rruong hop do quy trlnh chuyen nganh quy dinh.

7 ·KTlOO

97

Khong n6i d~t cac ket Cllu tren d6 mang dien ap nao d6 cua cap v6i vo kim loai dii duqc n6i d~t ti:r hai dl1u duong day cling nhu cac trang thiet bi (vi du, hop dAu cap) duqc d~( tren cac c~u tnic kim loai da duqc n6i dtit.

Viec n6i d~t vo chi hoac vo nhom va vo kim loai cua hop d<iu n6i cap duoc thl!c hien bang day d6ng mern nhieu soi rna thiec. Tiet dien cua day n6i dli"t khOng diroc nho han tiet dien neu trong bang 3-9.

Bdng3-9

TItT nI~N eVA nA. Y N6I f>AT

Tiet dien ruet cap, Ti~t dien day dOng Tiet dien ruOt cap, Ti~1 dien day dong
2 n6i d[{l, mm 2 mm2 n6iMI,mm 2
mm
2,5 : 4 : 6 : 10 va 16 6 50; 70 : 95 va 120 16
25 va 35 10 150 ; 185 va 240 25 De tranh tao mach ti:r khep kin bao quanh cac cap mot ruot cling nhu de tranh tOn hao trong mach til va dong dien trong cac mach vong kin thuong dung cac vong dai lam bang v~t li~u khOng dan til (dong, d6ng thau) de kep chat c6 dinh cap, can cac hop, bang dliu day c6 cac cue va cac mieng dern lam bang v!}.t lieu each dien (chat deo, sli, gO).

3. e.t cap trong hao cip

Viec d~t cap 'trong hao dill. duqc su.dung rOng rai va kinh te nhat v~ chi phi v6n d<iu nr va chi phi kim 10(1i mliu .. Tnroc khi ba.t dliu cac cong viec v~ dllt phai tien hanh xac dinh tuyen cap cho chinh xac thea thiet ke xuat phat tit di~u kien tai cbO va tien hanh danh dau tuyen,

De lam chinh xac tuyen clio ph6i hop v6'i liinh dao cac to chec co so de hieu ro vi tri va tift cii cac cOng trlnh xay dl,fIlg ngam diroi tuyen cap cling nhu d~c dit~m cua dlft. Neu nhu khi lam chinh xac thlfy can phlli thaydoi huang trong qua trlnh xay dung tuyen cap cdn phai trao dOivoibQ phan hoac co quan

thiet ke va phai duqc sl,l' dong y cua co quan thiet ke. '

Sau khi vach va danh dau tuyen bang trAc dia can bo phu trach dan V! thi cong lap d~t phai trao dOi v6'i lanh dao co quan quan 19 van hanh tuyen cap de th6ng nhat viec xay lAp.

Khi nhan cang viec thi cong lAp d~t phai kiem tra lai : sl! phu hop giUa tuyen duec vach va danh dau bang tra.c dia voi thiet ke va cac quy trtnh lAp d~t trang bi dien ; danh dau cac vi tri giao ca.t cua tuyen cap voi dueng 6ng, duong

98

cap va cac cong trlnh ngam xay dung diroi chb giao ca.t a d(l sau hao cap duoc dao ; danh dau cac vi trf co cac tuyen cap, tuyen duong 6ng di gan tuyen cap duoc xay dung.

-Duo hao

Dau tien can phai don dep tuyen cap tnroc khi danh dau m6c va truce khi dao hao cap, vut bi> cac chuang ngai v~t (cOng trlnh xay dung tarn thai, gach, da, rae nroi) ra xa tuyen cap va tien hanh b6 tri cac vi trf tuyen cap.

Danh dau dirong tarn cua hao cap bang each dung cac sao ngam va cac CQC tieu nho ; dung day hoac thirng cang danh dau hai canh ben. Kfch thuoc cua hao cap duec chon phu thuoc vao so luong cap dtroc d~t (hinh 3-9).

D~ thuan tien cho cong viec cac hao cap c6 1 - 2 cap can co be rong t6i thidu 350 mm. Khi s6 lucng cap nhieu chieu rong cua hao cap duoc xac dinh tir dieu kien khoang each cho phep giira cac cap di;lt

song song.

8)

b)

c)

2

3

Hinh 3-9. Kfch thuoc hao cap d6 d~t cap di¢n ap tu I de'n IOkV

Khi dao hao cap a noi dat toi ba va dat thong thuong neu nhu sau khi dao xong phai

mot thai gian sau moi rai d~t cap, de ch6ng sat, la can dao vach xien nei rong

be mat. '

a) khi d~t mot cap; b) khi d~t hai cap; c) khi d~t ba cap 1. lap cat ; 2. lap Mt ; 3. lap gach bilO ve.

D9 sau cua hao cap so voi m~t dat d6i voi cap tal 35 kV la a,7m, khi di elit ngang duong ph6 va Quang truong phai dao sau 1 m.

Cho phep giam d(l sau chon cap tai a,5m mot doan dai Sm tnrcc khi dua dau cap vao trong nha cling nlur a cac vi trf giao cat voi cac cong trlnh xay dung ngam khac, Trang cac tnrong hop nay can tang them bien phap baa v¢ dip tranh tac dong CO' hoc thea be mat.

Tai cac vi tri d~t cac hop dau n6i cap can phai rna rong hao cap, D6i vOi cap c6 dien ap tai 10kV khi d~t mlft cap chb d~t hop n6i dao rong 1,5m va dai toi 2,5m, con d6i vai cap c6 dien ap 20 + 35 kV cac kfch thucc nay Ill. 1,7 vi'i 3,5m. Khi them mot cap dat canh nhau thl m6i hop n6i narn canh nhau se duoc rna rong them O,35m. Cac hop n6i trong hao cap d~t lech nhau 2m thea doc duong cap.

99

D~ tien cho viec lAp d~t duoi m6i hop n6i dien ap t6'i IOkV dao sau them voi chieu dai 0,5 + 0,7m, chien rong 0,3 + 0,4m va chieu sau 0,2 + 0,3m, con duoi mOi hop n6i di¢n ap 20 + 35 kV - dai 0,9 -7 1,2 m, rong 0,4 -7 O,5m va sau 0,3 + O,4m.

- Dijt cap

Qua trinh d~.t cap 86m cac cOng viec : rai cap tu tang 10 cap va di;\t cap xu6ng day hao, danh dau tuyen cap va l~p d~t.

Viec rai cap nen thtrc hien bang phuong tien co gioi. Viec rai cap bang tay chi tien hanh khi duong cap ngan va trong cac trtrong hop kh6 khan v~ duong van chuyen khong thirc hien bang co gioi diroc.

Trong t~t ci cac trirong hop de tranh lam hong cap, cac tang 16 cap duoc treo tren true thep d~t tren khung, gia do va thao be, cac tarn g6 bao v¢ cap d;}t quanh tang cap, kiem tra ky cac vong cap lap ngoai cung xem co bi hu hong do dong lap gO bee vao tang va do v~n chuyen hay khong rei moi dtroc thao fa cap.

Kfch thuoc true thep d~ keo rai cap v6'i cac tang 10 cap c6 kh6i hrong du6i lOT va khoang each gifra rna tang va tru do khOng qua 250mm cho trong

. .

bang 3-10.

Bdng 3-10. TRVC THEP Dt RAJ TANG L() cAp

Duong kfnh Irong Dl!Ong kfnh DQ dai t6i thiiu • Khoi hrong gAn
cua 60g 16t tang, true IMp, eua true, dung cua true
mm mm mm kg
50 45 1000 12
70 60 1000 20
70 65 1400 40
70 65 1000 30
100 70 1400 40
125 85 1560 70
125 90 1680 85
150 90 1740 90
150 90 2060 105
150 90 2280 li5 100