Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Abbottabad
2010
ABSTRACT
GEOLOGICAL FIELD
REPORT
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1 CHAPTER 01.............................................................................5
1.1 INTRODUCTION:....................................................................................................5
2 CHAPTER 02.........................................................................................6
2.1 HAZARA GROUP:...................................................................................................6
UNCONFORMITY.........................................................................................................6
2.2 KAKUL FORMATION:............................................................................................7
2.3 SIRBAN FORMATION:...........................................................................................7
2.4 TARNAWAI GROUP…...........................................................................................7
2.4.1 GULDANIAN FORMATION:...........................................................................8
2.4.2HAZIRA FORMATION:.....................................................................................8
2.5 MURREE FORMATION:....................................................................................8
2.6 KULDANA FORMATION:..................................................................................9
2.7 MARGALA LIMESTONE:...................................................................................9
2.8 KUZAGALI SHALE: ...........................................................................................9
2.10 THANDIANI GROUP: ...................................................................................10
2.10.1SIKHAR LIMSTONE:....................................................................................11
2.10.2 MIRA FORMATION:....................................................................................11
3 CHAPTER 3:..................................................................................................................12
HAZARA GROUP:.......................................................................................................12
SIRBAN FORMATION:...............................................................................................12
SIKHAR LIMESTONE; ...............................................................................................12
MARGALLA LIMESTONE:........................................................................................12
1 CHAPTER 01
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The areas which are under study are mainly
consist of South Eastern parts of the Hazara district, West
Pakistan and little portions of northwest of the Rawalpindi.
The grid reference of area is between longitude 73.00 and
73.30 east and latitude 33.43 and 34.20 To get the
knowledge about basic field skills (e.g., use of Bruntun
compass, outcrop alysis, geologic mapping).
The area of study in Abbottabad is in Mirpur Village and
Murree formations are in Muree along the road and it is
easily accessible by local transport or by own transport
facility.
It’s a very difficult task for a geologist to perform
field work in Hazara because of its complexibility and also
have a lot of vegatation. Area round the abbottabad has the
following formations Hazira , sirban , galdanian ,Kakul
formation. And also have Hazara group.the area around the
murree have the following .Kuzagali Shale , Mari
Limestone etc.
2 CHAPTER 02
UNCONFORMITY...
Base of Kakul group is conglomerate which in literature is
Thanaki conglomerates.and this is the contect between Hazara
group and Kakul group.The age of this conglomerates is cambrain
which shows unconformity.Braccia is also present with some clasts
(inter and intra).The thickness of this conglomerates is 13ft 2
inches.
2.4.2HAZIRA FORMATION:
We are unable to collect the notes of this formation we
only saw it from far away.
Strike; 270 0.
Dip; 490 NE, 350 WN.
2.6 KULDANA FORMATION:
The age shows a range from the top of the Lower
Eocene to the base of Middle Eocene.
Lithology of Kuldana formation is limestone and splintery
shale. The weathered color of this limestone is light gray and fresh
color is dark gray .The weathered color is of shale is reddish
brown.The texture is medium grained. Strike; is 70 0 NE.
Dip; is 580 NS. Sedimentary structures are Slikinslide, Striation,
step and also calcite veins are present. The micro fossils are
present in this formation. The small pits of marls and gypsum sheet
are present.
2.7 MARGALA LIMESTONE:
The age is Eocene. Lithology margala limestone the
weathered color is gray and fresh color is dark gray. The rocks are
intraclastic type. Micritic limestone (finely crystalline limestone),
arenaceous limestone and load cost are present. And become
brachiated bedding (due to differential stress).
The nodular limestone is being present in Ayubia track. The
weathered color is light gray and fresh color is dark gray.
Limestone bedding at some places is vertical. Stiolites, clast. Load
ost
oolitic structure are presents
Dip; 750 NE
Strike is 65 0SW.
2.8 KUZAGALI SHALE:
The age is Eocene.The formation constitutes of the lower
part "shales" of the 4th unit of the "Nummulitic series" introduced
by MIDDLEMISS, 1896. The unit is recognised as a formation and
is named after its maximum development near Kuzagali
Lithology is Shale in Kuzagalli. The weathered colour is
yellowish grey and fresh colour is light grey to grey.This is
splentary shale which shows the presence of hydrocarbons. The
shale has laminea’s bed which is less then 1cm.
SIRBAN FORMATION:
The structure observed in sirban formation is fault and fold
is also present shown in the fig B
SIKHAR LIMESTONE;
The shikar has Asymmtrical and chevon folds is observed
shown in the fig C
MARGALLA LIMESTONE:
Fold is also observed in the margalla formation shown in
the fig D
TABEL
Dominent shale
Rawalpindi Muree Formation Lower Miocene and sandstone.
Group
MADE BY
MUHAMMAD JAWAD NIAZI & IMRAN KHAN
STUDENTS OF EARTH SCIENCE IN SEMESTER 4