You are on page 1of 23

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Abbottabad

2010
ABSTRACT
GEOLOGICAL FIELD
REPORT

IMRAN KHAN FA08-ERS-


052
M.JAWAD NIAZI FA08-ERS-
074
EARTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT
CIIT-ATD
7/15/2010
Abstract

The studying of the brief geology of South Eastern Hazara


Division West Pakistan the places we study there are very
difficult due to vegetation but the have great importance
due to complex structures which is occurred due to tectonic
activates they have different type of fossils and different
rock on the basis of geography they have different groups
such as (Kakul group) and different formation .there age
ranges from Precambrian to Miocene.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to department of our earth sciences of


comsats institute of information technology abbottabad that
helps in arranging our field trip.
We are also thankful to dr. umar , sir tahir abbas , sir
javed iqbal , and sir murtaza .that they have given us our
precious time and knowledge that make us able to write this
report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

.............................1
...................................................................................................................4
.............................................................................................................................................5
1 CHAPTER 01.............................................................................5
1.1 INTRODUCTION:....................................................................................................5
2 CHAPTER 02.........................................................................................6
2.1 HAZARA GROUP:...................................................................................................6
UNCONFORMITY.........................................................................................................6
2.2 KAKUL FORMATION:............................................................................................7
2.3 SIRBAN FORMATION:...........................................................................................7
2.4 TARNAWAI GROUP…...........................................................................................7
2.4.1 GULDANIAN FORMATION:...........................................................................8
2.4.2HAZIRA FORMATION:.....................................................................................8
2.5 MURREE FORMATION:....................................................................................8
2.6 KULDANA FORMATION:..................................................................................9
2.7 MARGALA LIMESTONE:...................................................................................9
2.8 KUZAGALI SHALE: ...........................................................................................9
2.10 THANDIANI GROUP: ...................................................................................10
2.10.1SIKHAR LIMSTONE:....................................................................................11
2.10.2 MIRA FORMATION:....................................................................................11
3 CHAPTER 3:..................................................................................................................12
HAZARA GROUP:.......................................................................................................12
SIRBAN FORMATION:...............................................................................................12
SIKHAR LIMESTONE; ...............................................................................................12
MARGALLA LIMESTONE:........................................................................................12
1 CHAPTER 01

1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The areas which are under study are mainly
consist of South Eastern parts of the Hazara district, West
Pakistan and little portions of northwest of the Rawalpindi.
The grid reference of area is between longitude 73.00 and
73.30 east and latitude 33.43 and 34.20 To get the
knowledge about basic field skills (e.g., use of Bruntun
compass, outcrop alysis, geologic mapping).
The area of study in Abbottabad is in Mirpur Village and
Murree formations are in Muree along the road and it is
easily accessible by local transport or by own transport
facility.
It’s a very difficult task for a geologist to perform
field work in Hazara because of its complexibility and also
have a lot of vegatation. Area round the abbottabad has the
following formations Hazira , sirban , galdanian ,Kakul
formation. And also have Hazara group.the area around the
murree have the following .Kuzagali Shale , Mari
Limestone etc.
2 CHAPTER 02

STARIGRAPHY AROUND ABBOTTABAD AND MURREE


AREAS

2.1 HAZARA GROUP:


Age of Hazara group is precambrain Ferly known as
the "Slate series", MIDDLEMISS, 1896, and recently identified as
the "Hazara Slate formation", MOHAMMAD ALI, 1962,
Lithology is seplentary Shale interbedded slate and sandy
limestone. The weathered color of splintery shale is blackish
brown to light dark brown while the fresh color is yellowish brown
and other place the weathered color is yellowish brown and fresh
color is radish brown. the beds are thick to thin beds.
Beds thickness is about 11/2 to 3 feet on out crop. The upper contact
of Hazara has tanaki conglomerate while lower contact will not
exposed.
Texture of shale is fine grained and become thick to
thin bedded about 1 cm to 1 foot The thickness of bed on different
places are different like 95cm and 18cm
The Sedimentary structure is Parallel lamination, Cross bedding at
large scale Gradational bedding The Fossils inarticulate brachiopods
similar to Protobolella CHAPMAN and Acrotretid,
Strike: 118 Dip: 37NE
Strike: 125 Dip: 40NE

UNCONFORMITY...
Base of Kakul group is conglomerate which in literature is
Thanaki conglomerates.and this is the contect between Hazara
group and Kakul group.The age of this conglomerates is cambrain
which shows unconformity.Braccia is also present with some clasts
(inter and intra).The thickness of this conglomerates is 13ft 2
inches.

2.2 KAKUL FORMATION:


The age is cambrain.The formation is named after its
occurrence near Kakul and is composed of angular to subangular
conglomerate identified as Tanakki Member at the base derived
from the underlying HazaraGroup of rocks
Lithology of this group is dolomitic limestone, sandstone,
shale. The weathered color of sandstone is yellowish and fresh
color is radish, the weathered color of shale is purple black and
fresh color is light purple and dolomitic limestone weathered color
is blackish purple and fresh color is light purple. And dolomitic
limestone with phosphatic bands. conformabale contact between
kakol group upper contact and sarban formation as lower contact.
The sedimentary structure is parallel lamination, cross bedding
with Bioterbition.
Strike:158 Dip:40SE
Strike:115 Dip:30SE

2.3 SIRBAN FORMATION:


The age of Sarbon limestone is cambrain.
MOHAMMAD ALI, 1961, the unit is named after its occurrence in
the Sirban hill near Abbottabad. Lithology of sarban formation is
dolomiticlimestone. The weathered color is blackish gray and fresh
color is purple to light gray. Age of sarban formation is Cambrian.
The upper contact of sarban formation with hazira sandstone is
conformable and the lower contact is with kakul shale.
Strike:100 Dip:50NE
Strike:180NE Dip:29SW

2.4 TARNAWAI GROUP….


The age of Tarnawai group is also cambrain.Tarnawai
group has two members
2.4.1 GULDANIAN FORMATION:
The lithology of guldania formation is sandstone.
The weathered color is blackish brown while the fresh color is
brown. The sandstone is porous and consists of gluconite mineral
with high density. Texture is medium grained size. The parallel
lamination and calcite will be observed. Guldanian formation is
lower part of Tarnawai group whose lower contect is with Sarbon
limestone .

2.4.2HAZIRA FORMATION:
We are unable to collect the notes of this formation we
only saw it from far away.

2.5 MURREE FORMATION:


The age of murree formation is Palaeocene. The
lithology of murree formation is limestone, Dolomitic shale,
sandstone. The weathered color of sandstone is radish brown and
fresh color is light brown while in other place the weathered color
is maroon and fresh color is dark gray. The weathered color of
shale is brown to dark brown while fresh color is pale cream to
purple. A cup like channel is present on road side. The current
direction of this channel is toward west and lithology is shale and
sand stone. The texture is fine to coarse grain. The grain size
increases upward. The murree formation has parallel laminations,
amalgamation, calcitic veins.

Strike; 270 0.
Dip; 490 NE, 350 WN.
2.6 KULDANA FORMATION:
The age shows a range from the top of the Lower
Eocene to the base of Middle Eocene.
Lithology of Kuldana formation is limestone and splintery
shale. The weathered color of this limestone is light gray and fresh
color is dark gray .The weathered color is of shale is reddish
brown.The texture is medium grained. Strike; is 70 0 NE.
Dip; is 580 NS. Sedimentary structures are Slikinslide, Striation,
step and also calcite veins are present. The micro fossils are
present in this formation. The small pits of marls and gypsum sheet
are present.
2.7 MARGALA LIMESTONE:
The age is Eocene. Lithology margala limestone the
weathered color is gray and fresh color is dark gray. The rocks are
intraclastic type. Micritic limestone (finely crystalline limestone),
arenaceous limestone and load cost are present. And become
brachiated bedding (due to differential stress).
The nodular limestone is being present in Ayubia track. The
weathered color is light gray and fresh color is dark gray.
Limestone bedding at some places is vertical. Stiolites, clast. Load
ost
oolitic structure are presents

Dip; 750 NE
Strike is 65 0SW.
2.8 KUZAGALI SHALE:
The age is Eocene.The formation constitutes of the lower
part "shales" of the 4th unit of the "Nummulitic series" introduced
by MIDDLEMISS, 1896. The unit is recognised as a formation and
is named after its maximum development near Kuzagali
Lithology is Shale in Kuzagalli. The weathered colour is
yellowish grey and fresh colour is light grey to grey.This is
splentary shale which shows the presence of hydrocarbons. The
shale has laminea’s bed which is less then 1cm.

Strike:118 Dip: 37NE

2.9 CHANALI FORMATION:


The age is upper cretaceous. MIDDLEMISS, 1896,
identified the rocks as "Grey limestones" and described and
mapped them as the basal part of this "Nummulitic series", The
author, 1962, identified them as "Upper Cretaceous Limestone" on
the basis of planktonic microfossils as seen in thin sections. The
limestones]are recognised as a distinct formation and are named
after Chanali, where they show a maximum development.
The formation is composed mainly of fine grained light grey
limestones which weather in grey to pale cream colours. The
limestones are generally thinly bedded though occasionally they
occur as thickly bedded as well. The lower part of the sequence is
marley, the middle thinly to thickly bedded and upper slightly
arenaceous. There is a conspicuous variation in lithology from one
section to the other.
Strike 235 Dip 470 NW

2.10 THANDIANI GROUP:


Formerly known as the Triassic series', MIDDLEMISS,
1896, is recognized as a group and is name dafterits occurrence in
the vicinity of Thandiani, where it sows a maximum development.
It follows the Abbottabad Group with a break in deposition and is
found in contact with its various formations and sometimes even
the Hazara Group. A microconglomerate at the base has been
noticed and is composed of fragments of the rocks belonging to the
Abbottabad Group. The group constitute of the following
formations.
1. Sikhar Limestone
2. Maria Formation
2.10.1SIKHAR LIMSTONE:
Formerly known as "Upper limestones" of the "Triassic
series", MIDDLEMISS, 1896, it is recognised as a formation and
is named after its occurrence in the Sikhar Mountain near
Thandiani, where it shows a maximum development .The
formation is composed mainly of limestones though some marley
intercalations are also present, in the lower part. The limestones
are grey in colour and are quite massive.
The highest beds show the presence of fossils like Nerinea .

2.10.2 MIRA FORMATION:


The age of this formation is Jurassic.The lithology of this
formation is dominant limestone with clast and black shale. The
weathered color of limestone is pale yellow to cream while the
fresh color is blackish to dark grey.
Strike:50
.Dip:70SLIP.
3 CHAPTER 3:
3.1 STRUCTURE GEOLOGY;
HAZARA GROUP:
The fault has observed in the Hazara group shown in the fig
A

SIRBAN FORMATION:
The structure observed in sirban formation is fault and fold
is also present shown in the fig B

SIKHAR LIMESTONE;
The shikar has Asymmtrical and chevon folds is observed
shown in the fig C

MARGALLA LIMESTONE:
Fold is also observed in the margalla formation shown in
the fig D
TABEL

GROUP FORMATION AGE Lithology

Dominent shale
Rawalpindi Muree Formation Lower Miocene and sandstone.
Group

Shale and patches


Kuldana Formation Lower/Middle Eocene of marl.
Galis Group
Marghalla hill Lower Eocene Thick bedded
Limestone nodoular limestone.
Kuzaghali shale Upper Paleocene Splintary and soft
shale.
Thick bedded
Hothla Group Chanali Formation Upper Createous limestone with
interbedded shale.
Spiti shale Upper Jurassic Data not collected.
Thick bedded
Thandiani Sikhar Limestone Middle Jurassic limestone
Group somewhere shale is
present.
Maria Limestone Lower Jurassic Dominent
limestone and
minor
sandstone,shale and
marl.
Data not collected.
Hazira formation Trias
Abbottabad sic
Group Galdanian Formation Per Sandstone with
mian calcite veins.
Sarban Formation Carboniferous Limestone,
dolomite and minor
marl.
Kakul Formation Cambrian Sandstone,dolomite
and minor shale.
Major slate and
Hazara Group Pre Cambrian minor shale.
FIELDS PICTURES

Fig.1.1 shows areneceous limestone Fig1.2.shows splintery shale in


In Hazara group. Hazara group.

fig1.3 shows conglomerate which Fig1.4show the shale in kakul


is also called Tanaki conglomerate. Group.
Fig1.5 shows phosphatic Fig1.6 shows cross bedding in
Bands in Kakul formation. Kakul formation.

Fig1.7 shows parallel lamination Fig1.8 shows chert nodules in


In Sirbon formation. Sarbon formation.
Fig1.9 shows Hamaki cross Fig2 shows amalgamation
Bedding in Sirbon formation. In Sirbon formation.

Fig2.1 shows Travertine deposits Figure2.2 shows sandstone i


in Sirbon formation. Galdanian formation.
Fig2.3 shows black shale in Fig2.4 shows mud clast in
Maira formation. Maira formation.

Fig2.5 shows Sikhar limestone. Fig2.6 shows Chinali


Formation.
Fig2.7 shows Kuzagali shale.
Fig2.8shows amalgamation in
Margala Hill limestone.

Fig2.9 shows micritic limestone Fig.3 shows oolitic limestone


In Margala hill limestone. In Margalla hill limestone.
Fig3.1 shows Margala hill Fig3.4shows slikensides and
Limestone. Steps.

Fig3.5 shows parallel lamination Fig3.6 shows bioturbation and


In Marree formation. Calcitic vain in Marree formation.
STRUCTURE GEOLOGY PICTURES

FigA showns fault in Hazara group FigB show fold in sirban


formation

FigC shows Asymmetrical fold in FigD shown chevon fold in


shikhar formation shikhar formtion
REFRENCES
1. Latif, M.A. (1962) “An upper creteceous linestone in the
Hazara District. Geol.Bull.Panj.uni v.2,57.”

2. Latif, M.A. (1967) “The revision of the sedimentary


stratigraphy south- east Hazara district, west Pakistan”

3. Marks,P. & Ali, C.M.(1961) “ The geology of Abbottabad


area,with special reference to the infra-
trias.Geol.Bull.Panj.Univ.1,47-55.”

4. Davis, R.G & Gardezi, A.H (1965)”The presence of Bouleiceras in


Hazara and its geological implications”.

5. Dr. H. Klipper (1970),” BEITRÄGE ZUR GEOLOGIE VON


PAKISTAN”

6. Middlemiss, C.S. (1896) “The geology of Hazara and the


Black Mountain.” Mem.G.S.T.26.

7. Munir.H.M & Mirza. K(2007) “Stratigraphic aspect of recent


Earthquake occurred along the Balakot –Bagh fault,North-West
Himalayas,Pakistan.”

8. Verchere, A.(1867) “Kashmir, the western Himalaya and


the Afghan mountains, a geologic paper with a note on the
fossils.”

9. Waggen,W. & Wynne,A.B (1872)”the geology of mount


Sarban in the upper Punjab.Mem.G.S.I. 9, 331-350.”
10. Wynne, A.B (1872)” Notes from the Progress report on the
geology of parts of the upper Punjab Rec.G.S.I.6.”

MADE BY
MUHAMMAD JAWAD NIAZI & IMRAN KHAN
STUDENTS OF EARTH SCIENCE IN SEMESTER 4

You might also like