OCB 283 EXCHANGE

ORGAN CONTROL BASE VERSION 283

A Modification of ALCATEL-E10
First OCB exchange of R-11 version was commissioned
in France
First OCB exchange came to India in 1993
Has been upgraded to R-20 & R-25
It can work at temp. 5-25°C though the optimum
temperature is 22°C
SALIENT FEATURES OF OCB 283
It is a digital switching system
A maximum of 2048 PCM switches can be conducted
Supports both digital and analog subscribers
Various units of the system are connected over token
ring which enables fast exchange of information
All the control units are implemented on same type of
hardware. This is called a station.
The system has a modular architecture and the
expansion can be very easily carried out by adding
necessary hardware and software
 ARCHITECTURE OF OCB
The OCB exchange consists of three blocks:
1. Connecting units
2. switching network
3. control units
DGITAL
LINKS
CONECTN
UNITS SWITCHING
NETWORK

DIGITAL
LINKS

CONTROL UNITS
 STATIONS IN AN OCB 283
Hardware unit consisting of a number of processors and
couplers connected to a common bus BSM
(multiprocessor station bus)
various stations in OCB 283:
SMC
SMA
SMT
SMM
STS
These stations communicate among themselves on a token
ring called MIS (Inter Station Multiplex)
 SMC- Main Control Station
Various control functions are:
Multi-Register(MR): there are 2 to 6 MR and each has 256 registers of 32 bit
each. When a number is dialled it stores the number of the calling party

Translator (TR): keeps a record of the exchange facalities and it decides

whether a subscriber can use a facality or not

Marker (MQ): These are two in number and it activates the other parts of the
switch

Charging unit (TX): There are 2 TXs in OCB 283, both are synchronized so
that no data is lost. Time is noted in it and it gets updated after sometime.

Matrix System Handler (GX): It processes & makes connection in switching

matrix on the order from MR or MQ.

Common Channel signaling Network Controller: Manage the CCS#7

network for signaling.
SMA- Auxiliary Multiprocessor Station
Functions:
1. Tone Generation (GT)
2. Conference Call (CCF)
3. Frequency Generation & Reception (RGF)

SMT (Trunk Multiprocessor Station)

Functions:
it acts as an interface between the junctions of other exchange & the PCB chips of
OCB exchange

STS (Synchronization & Time Base Station)

Functions:
1. It is the clock system of OCB
2. the clock needs to be synchronized with the network
it has two partss:
1. synchronization part
2. time base generator part
BTT (Base Time Triplicate): driven by the synchronizer and it distributes the
clock to the switch.
SMM (Maintenance Multiprocessor Station)
SMM station in ocb-283 performs the Operation &
Maintenance functions.
OCB-283 has Auto Recovery feature. When a
serious fault occurs in a Control Unit, it gives a
message to SMM (Operation & Maintenance Unit)
which puts this unit out of service, loads the
software of faulty unit in a backup unit and brings it
into service.
Diagnostic programmes are run on the faulty
system and diagnostics are printed on the terminal.
Main functions:
1. operation & maintenance function
implementation
2. central defence of OCB
 STRUCTURE OF THE
EXCHANGE

Switch M.D.F.
OMC (Main
ROOM Room
Distribution
Frame)

ETM Exploitation
(Translator
Room
and
Interpreter
OMC Room- (Operation & Maintenance Room) in OMC
Room there are:
Hard Disk & Tape Drives : meter reading and subscriber
details

ETM: The Interpreter or the translator which converts the

Source Code into the Binary Code which the Electronic
Circuits deal in.

The hard disk of the OCB is 200 GB

Switch room has all the Electronic Circuits & the

Temperature control of the switch room is a must as the
Processor gets heated and may lead to improper
functioning.
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME
In telecommunications, a
distribution frame is a passive
device which terminates
cables, allowing arbitrary
interconnections to be made.
MDF terminates the cables
leading to subscribers on the
one hand, and cables leading
to active equipment in the
exchange
Each external connection
shares a copper connector that
connects one punch location on
the front of the MDF to a single
punch location on the back of
the MDF.
These patching points as
'punches’
EXPLOITATION ROOM

This is the Room from where all the changes

are made.
In this room we have Teletypewriters (TTY) on
which we receive all the alarms
Teletypewriters consist of: -
VDU (Visual Display Unit)
Keyboard
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
We make the modifications from these TTYs
To the teletypewriters printers are attached
and all the commands that executed are
printed side by side.
 CONNECTING SYSTEM

Exchange MDF Cabinets Pillars

Exchange Line
Side Side

Subscriber Distribution Poles

Cables from the Exchange reach the MDF
From the MDF Underground Jumper Cables go to the
Cabinets
The Capacity of the Cabinets is around 2000 pairs of
twisted cables
If the number of subscribers is small then there is no
need for the Cabinets
From the Cabinets the cables go to the Pillars
From the Pillars the wires go to the DPs
The position of the pillars is chosen such that the length
of the wires going to the DPs is equal in all directions.
The capacity of each of the Pillars is about 10 or 15
From the DPs the wires go to the subscribers’ homes
 FAULT CHECKING
When a fault is reported then first check is made at the MDF, a
Phone set is inserted on the Line Side, some number is dialed
and it is checked if the conversation takes place properly
If the conversation takes place properly then the fault is said to
be on the Line Side (Outdoors)
But if there is no Dial Tone then the fault is said to be on the
Exchange side (Indoors)
If there is dial tone at the Pillar but not in the subscribers home
then the fault is in between the DP and the subscribers phone
set.
Otherwise at the Pillar If there is dial tone at the Pillar but not at
the DP then the fault is in between the DP and the Pillar
Otherwise the phone is checked at the Cabinet If there is dial
tone at the Cabinet but not at the Pillar then the fault is in
between the Cabinet and the Pillar
Otherwise the only option left is that the fault is in between the
MDF and the Cabinet.
 PULSE CODED MODULATION
Two types of PCM:
Frequency Division
Multiplexing: It involves
sharing of Frequency
slots within the
bandwidth of the
transmission medium.
Time Division
Multiplexing: it involves
sharing of the channel
during different time
slots
 STEPS IN PCM

SAMPLING
QUANTIZATION
COMPANDING
ENCODING
DECODING