Truong THCS Lé Quy_Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van Dé cwong 6n tdp toan 8 Dai sé 1. Li thuyét: 1) Hoc thuge cde quy tic nhan,chia don thite véi don thite,don thite véi da thtte,phép chia hai da thite 1 bién, 2) Nam vimg va van dung duge 7 hing ding thie - céc phuong php phan tich da thite thanh nhan tit 3) Néu tinh chat co bin ciia phan thite,cie quy chung,quy dng mau thite. 4) Hoe thude cdc quy téc: c6ng,trirynhin,chia cae phan thite dai sé. 5. Thé nao 1a hai phuong trinh tong dong? Cho vi du. 6. Hai quy tic bién déi phuong trinh. 7. Phuong trinh bac nht mét an. Cach gidi. 8. Cich gidi phuong trinh dua duge vé dang ax +b = 0. 9, Phuong trinh tich. Cach gidi 10. Cach giai phuong trinh dua duge vé dang phuong trinh tich. L1Phuong trinh chia an 6 12Cée bude giai bai todn bing cdch Ip phuong trinh 13Thé ndo 1a hai bit phuong trinh tuong duong, 14. Hai quy tac bién déi bat phuong trinh. 15, Bat phuong trinh bac nhat mét an. ‘ach gidi phuong trinh chita dau gid tri tuyét déi 46i dau - quy tac rat gon phan thite,tim thite Ap tric nghiém ; | . 1) Chon bigu thite & c6t A véi mét biéu thite & cOt B dé cé ding thite ding COLA B 1/2x-1-x a)x'-9 2/ (x - 3x +3) by (K-DO+x+ 1) 3x +1 o) x= 3x7 5 3x-1 af (x - I a (x- d) -(x- 17) Al (x= 47 (x= 1Y d)4x- 1 ©) (x+ DG -x+ 1) &, st bn tf 12000 2)K&t qua cia phép tinh > la: Al B. 10 Cc. 100 D. 1000 Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8Trung THCS Lé Quy Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van =4 guge rut gon: 3)Phan thite “ > —4 “4x? 42x41 4)bé bigu thite > cé gid tri nguyén thi gid tr] cia x IA Al BI2Gh : 5)Da thie 2x - 1x’ duge phan tich thimh A. (xl? C.-@HY 6bién biéu thite thich hop vio 6 trdng trong cdc bigu thite sau : a+ ORY Fon = (IBY) _x+8y" wi pyle s of x + 1)(4x? - 2x+ 1) ‘TyTinh (x + 2y)? Axexet B.x 4 cx-t D.xt-x+t 4 4 8) Nghigm ca phuong trinh x’ - 4x = 0 A.0 B.0;2 C. -2;2. D. 0;-2;2 B. Bai tap tyr ludn: V/ Thy hign cdc phép tinh sau: a) Qx- yar -2xy+y’) b) (6x°y? - 9xty' + 15x°y4): 3x°y? ©) (2x' - 21x? + 67x - 60): (x - 5) d) (x! + 2x? +x - 25):07 +5) €) (27x° - 8): (6x + 9x" +4) 2/ Rut gon cdc biéu thite sau: a) (x+y)*-(x- yy? b) (a+b) + (a-b)’ -2a° ©) %.2"— 18" - Nast +1) 3/ Chimg minh bieu thire sau khong phy thudc vao bién xy A= (3x - 5)(2x + 11) - (2x +3)3x +7) B= (2x + 3)(4x° - 6x +9) - 2(4x° - 1) CH= (x- 1) - (K+ 1) + 6K + IK- 1) 4/ Phan tfch cde da thite sau thinh nhén tir: a) x?-y?-2x+2y b)2x + 2y - x?- xy c) 3a” - Gab + 3b” - 12c?_ d)x? - 25 +y* + 2xy oa Jab Pb ac -be fx? - 2x - 4y’ - 4y g) x’y- x? - 9y + 9x h)x’(x-1) + 16(1- x) n) 81x? - 6yz-9y?- 2? m)xz-yz-x"*+2xy-y?_ p) x? +8x+15 K)x?-x- 12 Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8Trung THCS Lé Quy Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van D8ix+4 5/ Tim x biét: a) 2x(x-5)-x(3+2x)=26 b) Sx(x-1) = x-1 ©) 2(x+5)-x7-5x=0 — d) (2x-3)°-(x+5)"=0 c) 3x°- 48x=0 _ Px tx? -4x=4 6/ Ching minh ring biéu thre: A=x(x-6) + 10 luén luén duong voi moi x. B=x"-2x+9y’-6y+3 thite D,E: C=(x-1)K + 3K + 2K +6) E=4x-x°+1 x’ +x +a-x chia hét cho(x + 1)” 9/ Cho cdc phan thite sau: _ 2x+6 (x+3)(x- 2) 9x? -16 x +4x+4 E F 3x’ -4x 2xt4 w-4 3x? +6x412 kign nao cua x thi gid tri ciia céc phan thite trén xac dinh, b)Tim x dé gid tri cia cdc pthitc trén bing 0 ©)Rut gon phan thite 10) Thy hign céc phép tinh sau: y SL, 2x03 3 x-6 os x, 4xy 2x46 x’ 43x 2x+6 2x? 46x x-2y xt2y 4y?-x? 1 I 3x-6 Bx-2 3x42 4-9x7 11/ Chimg minh ring: 5°54 5 chia hét cho 13 ba’ +b?+12ab+atb Cho a+b +¢= 0. chimg minh: a’ +b +¢' =3abe 12/ a) Tim gia tri ctia a,b a? - 2a + 6b +b*=-10 b) Tinh gia tri cua biéu thie; Aa*#Y Mee yet lili xo xy z 13/ Riit gon biéu thite: z 14) Ching minh dang thie: Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8Trung THCS Lé Quy Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van [Af 15: Cho biéu thice : A= (2.1) (1 2x 1 \x-2 4-0 sh x) a) Rit gon A. b) Tinh gid trj cua biéu thite A tai x thoa man: 2x* 1 2 d) Tim x nguyén dé A nguyén duong, 16, Cho biéu thite : a =) fi ) —9 3-x 34x) x43 a) Rit gon B, b) Tinh gid trj cua biéu thite B tai x thod man: [2x + 1|=5 c) Tim x dé ) Tim x dé B= -= 5 d) Tim x 46 B <0. 17: Tim cde gid tri nguyén cita x dé phan thice M cé gid trj la mGt sb nguyén: 10x? -7x-5 2x- 18.Gidi céc phucong trink sau: M= a) 5 ~(x~6) =4(3 ~ 2x) b) 3 —4x(25 — 2x) = 4x 5 19.Gidi cdc phicong trink sau: a) x(x — 3) + 5(x—3) = b) (4) ~ (x29 ¢) (2x +5) =(x +2)? 20.Giai cae plucong trink sau: d)x?-5x+6=0 —2x)=0 e) 2x) + 6x? = 15 15 13x 2x a) +--2_-__© __ a) —-=> 5 xl x-2 (xHDQ-%) x-l w-1 4x4 wy Zhe _ 5x2 4 a8 a! x42 x-2 4-x 8x 4x°— 8x 2x(x-2) | 8x16 Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8Trung THCS Lé Quy Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van x+5 x-5 x+25 ©) a 53 OP 10x 2x 5D x?o5x 2x? +10x 2x*-50 21.Gidi céc phucong trinh sau: 4) [Bx 1]- 22.Giai cdc bdt phuong trinh sau réi biéu dién tap ngh a) (x-3)'0 b) (K~3)(K +3) S(x+2)° +3 g) x’ 2x? +3x-6<0 4x-5_7-x x+2 9s h) 20 yt? 0 ky) X51 23.Chieng minh ring: a)a’+b?—2ab>0 @) m+n? +2>2(m+n) p) 2 tP Sab °) (e+t41)> 4 wia>0,b>0) 2 (ab) c)a(a+2)<(at+ 1)? 24.Cho m b. Hay chitng minh: a)at2>b+2 o)3a+S>3b42 b)-2a-$<-2b-5 d)2-4a<3-4b 26.Lic 7 gid sing, mot ngudi di xe dap khéi hanh tir A véi van téc LOknvh, Sau dé hic 8 gid 40 phiit, mot ngudi khdc di xe may tir A dudi theo véi van téc 30km/h, Hoi hai ngudi gap nhau lic may gid. 27.Hai ngudi di b6 khdi hanh 6 hai dia diém cach nhau 4,18 km di nguge chiéu nhau dé gap nhau. Ngudi thir nhat méi gié di duge 5,7 km. Ngudi thé hai mdi gid di duge 6,3 km nhung xudt phat sau ngudi thir nat 4 phat, Hoi nguéi thir hai di trong bao lau thi gap ngudi thir nhat. 28.Lie 6 gid, mot O16 xudt phit tir A dén B véi van tée trung binh 40km/b. Khi dén B, ngudi léi xe Lim nhigm vy giao nhjn hang trong 30 phit rdi cho xe quay tr téc trung binh 30knv/h, Tinh quing duéng AB biét ring 616 vé dén A lic 10 gid cing ngay A voi van Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8Trung THCS Lé Quy Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van 29.Hai xe may khéi hinh lic 7 git sing tir A dé dén B. Xe may thir nhat chay véi van 30km/h, xe may thir hai chay véi vén téc lon hon van téc cia xe may thir nhét 1a km/h, Trén duéng di xe thir hai dimg lai nghi 40 phit rdi lai tiép tuc chay véi van téc ci. Tinh chiéu dai quing duéng AB, biét ca hai xe dén B cing lic. 30.M6t cané tuan tra di xudi dong th A dén B hét | gid 20 phut va nguge dong tir B ve A hét 2 gid. Tinh van téc riéng cia cand, bidt van tbe dong nude la 3km/h. 31.M6t té may do theo ké hoach mdi ngay phai may 30 4o. Nho cai tién ki thuat, t6 da may duge mdi ngay 40 4o nén da hoan thanh truéc thei han 3 ng’y ngoai ra con may thém duge 20 chiée do nia, Tinh s6 40 ma t6 dé phai may theo ké hogch, 32.Hai cong nhan néu lam chung thi trong 12 git sé hoin thanh céng vige. Ho lam chung trong 4 gid thi nguai th nhat chuyén di lam viée khac, ngudi thir hai lim nét céng viée trong 10 gid. Héi ngudi thér hai Lam mt minh thi bao lau hoan thanh eéng vige. 33.Mét té san xuat dy dinh hoan thinh céng viée trong 10 ngay. Théi gian dau, ho lam méi ngay 120 san phim. Sau khi lam duge mét nita sé san phim duge giao, nhé hop ly hod mét sé thao tac, méi ngay ho lam thém duge 30 sin phim nia so voi mdi ngay tue dé, Tinh sé sin phim ma té san xudt duge giao. 34,Hai 16 sin xudt cing lam chung céng viéc thi hoan thanh trong 2 gid. Hoi m6t minh thi méi té phai hét bao nhiéu théi gian méi hoan thanh céng viéc, b riéng t6 1 hoan thanh sém hon t6 2 1a 3 gid. Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8Trung THCS Lé Quy Dén Bim Son GV: Nguyén Thé Van Hinh hoc Ly Thuyét 1) Dinh nghia tr gidc,ttr gidc 1di,tang cdc géc cita tr gidc. 2) Néu dinh nghia,tinh chat,dau higu nhan biét cia hinh thang,hinh than cn, hinh thang vudng,hinh chit nhgt,hinh binh hanh,hinh thoi, hinh vuéng 3) Cac dinh li vé duéng trung binh ciia tam gidc,ctia hinh thang. 4) Néu dinh nghia hai diém d6i ximg,hai hinh déi ximg qua 1 dung thang; Hai diém i ximg,hai hinh di ximg qua 1 diém,hinh cé true adi xtmg,hinh c6 tam d6i xtmg, 5) Tinh cl é é 6) Dinh nghia da gidc déuda gide I6i,viél cng thite tinh dign tich cia: hinh chit nhdt,hinh vudng,tam gidc,hinh thang,hinh binh hanh,hinh thoi 7. Dinh ly Talet, dinh ly Talet dao, hé qua cia dinh ly Talet. 8. Tinh chat duéng phan gidc cia tam gidc. 9. Cac truéng hgp ding dang cua tam gidc, 10. Cac truéng hop déng dang cia tam gidc vuéng. 11Céng thite tinh thé tich cua hinh hp chér nhat, dign tich xung quanh va thé tich cia hinh lang try dung, di xung quanh va thé tich cia hinh chép déu. IL. Bai Tp: A. Mat sé bai tp tric nghiém 1)M6t ti giéc 14 hinh vudng néu né Li : Tit gide c6 3 géc vudng Hinh binh hanh cé mét géc vudng Hinh thoi cé mét géc vuéng Hinh thang cé hai géc vuéng 2)Trong cdc hinh sau hinh nao khéng cé tryc déi xtng : A. Hinh thang can B. Hinh binh hanh C. Hinh chi nhat_ C. Hinh thoi 3)Trong cdc hinh sau hinh nao khéng cé tam déi xing : A. Hinh thang can B. Hinh binh hanh C. Hinh chi nhatC. Hinh thoi 4)Cho AMNP vudng tai M ; MN = 4cm ; NP = Sem. Dién tich AMNP bang : A.6cm2 B.12cm* C. 15cm? D.20cm* — 13)Hinh vuéng cé duéng chéo bing 4dm thi canh bing Aldm B.4dm C. J8dm_D. 2dm 5)Hinh thoi é hai duéng chéo bing 6cm va 8cm thi chu vi hinh thoi bing A.20cem B.48em C.28em —D. 24cm 6)Hinh thang can la A. Hinh thang cé hai géc bang nhau Dé Cuong On Tip Toan 8