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    263 views37 pages

    Cac Bai Toan Day So Thi Olympic 304

    Uploaded by

    Thanh Hiên

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 37
    2. CAC BAI TOAN. Vé DAY SO TRONG CAC DE THI OLYMPIC 30-4 LAN VI, NAM 2000 ® Cho day (u,) duge x4c dinh nhu sau: 2000 uy su, tb 5 n=0,1,2,.. Tim lim“ aaa Giai Ta c6: uy =u, +b, vn 20 Sul, -u+5sa+5 (vy ‘o uu, > ut +3,vn>0 (Do u, > 0, vn > 0) ul > ue +3 =>juj>ue+3, vn21 u? > uo, +3 sud >3n+us, vn21 (2) Tw (1) va (2) suy ra: ua, 1 u,+3n (u3 + 8n) n= 9n’ aud oe aeii ct cHhess 22, vn 22 nnn =n 3 oe vi tin(a+22)~ um (Hivos fF +2.)qa ae Bara renee mena 3 lim 4 = 3, Vay lim *s (2) cho day s6 {u,) duge dinh bei: uu =1 u, =2 U,,. =u, +2u,,,, ne N* Dat a = lim Tinh a Giai « Véin =1, ta c6: u} —uju, = 4-15 =(-1)' Véi n=k+N, gid str: Ub Bana = (DY « Véin=k +1, tacé Usa — Ucar tess = Yas (Ue + Qtr) — Uys (Uae + 2U4.2) el Nhu vay: ui, -u,-U,.. =(-1)", VneN 69 70 Dé y ring: u, 21, Vn EN, nén: vneN Hon nia, cing tit: u,,, =u, + 2u,,4, = Un —Uny =U, +U,., >0, VneN vneN = Un > Unsir => {u,} la-day tang Do dé, nén {u,} bj chan thi {u,} hoi ty vé be R Lic d6, tit: u, =u, +2u,,, VneN =>b=b+2b =b=0 => v6 ly (iu, 21, VneN=>b21) = {u,} khong bi chan trén Nhu vay {u,} tang va khong bi chan trén, nén: lim u, = +0 Cing véi (*), suy ra: a? -2a-1=0 ep a=1+V 2 (via2)) Vay a=1+v2 @) cheNnz nb f(n) théa £(m +n)-f(m) - f(n) € {0,1},vm,neN f(n) 20, VneN (2) = 0 < £(3), (9999) = 3333 Tinh £2000)? Giai Do f(m+n)-f(m)-f(n) {0,1}, VmneN => f(m+n)=f(m)+f(n) VmneN « Lay m=n = 1, tacé: 0 = f(2) > 2f(1) => f0) 0 ; ; => £(3)=1 => f (2.8) = £(3 + 3) > £(3)+£(3)=2 = (2.3) 22. Gia si f(k.3)>k (kN) khi 46 f((k +1)3) = f(k, +3) > f(k,)+£(3)>k +1 Nhu thé ta c6: f(3.n)>n, VneN rs é neN a lon nifa, néu £(8n) f(3n)+£(3)>n+1 71 Nhu thé ta c6 {(3m)>m, Vm2n Nhung vi £(9999) = (3.3333) = 3333 = f(3n)=n,vne {1, => f (3.2000) = 2000 = £(3.2000) > f (2.2000) + (2000) > 3. (2000) = £(2000) < 7000 < 667 Mat khée: f (2000) > f (1998) + f (2) > £ (3.666) = 666 = £(2000) 2 666 Nhung 666 < £(2000) < 667 => f (2000) = 666 (vi £(2000) ¢ Z) Cho day 86 {u,} duge xde dinh béi: u, > 0,u, >0 1 tga =(dea =U), Yn eN Tim s6 hang téng quét cia u, Giai + Bang quy nap, ta c6: u,> 0, Vne N + y= (teal)? +2 nu => Inu, Inu, gin = ne = 3 Dat: V, =Inu,, Vn 20 72 ——2 __________., Wn >1 (1+x)"(1+x,)(1+x,)...(1+x,) ya ol area) a. Ching minh ring: -2 va>2 b. Tim lim y, Giai cu yetateyet en= y= 9 nSB ly? 11 on=2: =p-Sb=5 a, n Ye 22 28 1 i 2-3su 55 n= k22: Gid sit -ien st ensk+1: Taco: yyy = win role ag 1 1 Sng SY $5 179 (a Len 3) 1 1 -= 2” ayo Ta c6: “ay ay? TOMO eB 8 1 a (-1" y-yn=—5(¥*-¥i)=-5(¥-v)¥-¥:)= = y (-1 Y-Yn= = (vty )y+2)-(¥+y¥n4), vn 22 Cu thé, ta cd y = J2 -1. Khi 46 ly+ynl s {yl +lyal evB-14+3<1, vn21 aly-ulsge vn21 = limy, =y = v2-1 Cho day sé duong {u,} théa: lim + ntl = >0 uy Ching minh ring: lim yu, = 4 Giai Do lim 1 =q>0 ne Uy Nén Ve €(0,q), tén tai Ne N sao cho 180 vn 2N thiq-« np’ Yar +, ta duge: -e1-%, vx20 b. Dat 'S, = )'k.cos= aun oS, Tinh gidi han eta im “2 Giai Xét a f(x) =cosx-1+>, x20 181 f(x) = -sinx + x f "(x) = -cosx + 1>0, Vx 20 => f tang trén [0, +0) => f'(x)2f'(0)=0, vx20 => f tang trén [0, +0) => f(x) 2 £(0)=0, vx20 x = cos2 1-7, Vx20 b. — Theo cau a), ta c6: a on 2yk-Zy= 2 oh 5 (a+2)(a-1)_ vo n-1 2 2 2 (n+2)(0-1) 5, (n+2)(n-1)_(n-1) 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 wil oi =a(tF)G-3)2 Beata) F(o-a) . S,_1 Vay: limit NhGn xét: Qua phép chting minh trén, ta dé thay ring: 2 : cosx21->, vxeR + |sinx|<|x|, Vx e R 182 @8) Cho day 86 (u,) duge xée dinh béi: u, = 2006 a u,., =u, +—>, n20 net Un to 3 Tim gidi han day sé {3} n Giai Tacé Uy =u,+4, Vx20 u 1 3 sul, sus + +345 ui >ui+3, Wx20 (Dou, >0, Vx20) =u >ui, +3, Vn21 =u? >u’4+3n, vn 20 @ 1 1 =u, 2 rer) uy u, | u 2,2 842 Ses 434 JF +=, une non on non us => lim ae 3 Cho day s6 {x,) xée dinh béi: ~-(eed led} 8) Tim lim (Inx,) Giai Truéc hét ta chting minh b&t dang thite: 2 x-40 £(x)=In(a = (x) = In( tx)- x45 (x>0) g(x) =x-In(1+x) S >0 > a * (vx > 0) : 1 x g'(x)=1-——= l+x 1l+x >0 = f,g déu tang trén (0, +00) £(x)> £0) =0 ()>fO=0 so g(x) >g(0)=0 2 Vay x-70 Tim lim (Inx,) 184 7 \ Ta e6: Inx, =tn(1+ 4) +in(1+ =) ala. n n n) Ap dung bat dang thitc trén, ta cé: 2/a,b, > 2V22 Gia sit a, +b, >2V2k (ke N) Khi 46: = (ea thrall rey +(2 : >8k+8 28(k+1) = ay + by, > 2/2(k +1) => Theo nguyén ly quy nap, taco: a, +b, > 2V8n, Vn >2 li 1001 Vay: ea +b, Giai Theo két qua bai 3, ta c6: In(1+x) 0 ain(i+2) <2, vxeN n n 186 = 51n(1+n)-Inn, vxeN n > (In2-In1) + (In3-1n2)+...+(In(n +1) -Inn) 2In(n+1) >a, >In(n+1), VxeN Vay: lim —;—}-—;-=0 elt ito t nt 2°3 i G2) Cho 1a=x, ensk :Gidsi x, >, en= : =a™! sah =x nek+1: x,,=a™ >a =x vay ! Xa > Xa VEEN Xét £(x)=®¥_ina, x>1 x f(x) = Slax eee x Bang bién thién: 187 1 Do: l0 1 sao cho: flx,) = 1% —ina=0 In, ina Bay gid, ta ching minh x, x, Day {x,} hdi tu. O Xi 2x, (vVi0 {x,} la day tang va bi chan nén héi tu eee 1.) => x(l-x aaa (Lau) go zALH ext-xtteco 4 2 (x-4) so 2 1 oxas 2 fl 1 lim =+ Vay: m= 9 « Ta cé: X, SX.m, VnjymeN Cé dich n, cho n + +, ta cé ngay: x, 5 2k +n=k+1 :Theo gid thiét quy nap, ta cé: x>t-4 *° 2 2k >1-x, oon «2° 2k 189 1 1 so. = Fema) Diced) 2 B(k +1) = (Dpem) Cho f; [0, +) > [0,+00) gidm va lién tue f(a) =B Gidi sir he f(B) =o c6 nghiém duy nhét a = B =a a,B 20 Ching minh rang: Day {x,,, = f(x,)} (vdi x, > 0) hoi tu vé a. Giai Ta chia ra hai truéng hgp * Néux, > x,: Khi dé: —f(x,) < f(x,) x, SX, = f(s) 2 £(m) 2X, 2X Bang quy nap, ta cé duge x,, f(Xx2) Xam 2 Xaces £ (Xai) Sf (Krx.3) © Kono S Kosa = (1) dang 190 Ching minh tuong tu: x,,, >x,,,, VneN (Béy :x, >0, Vn N) Nhu vay: « {x,,} tang k bi chin trén nén {x,,] hi tu. Gia stt lim x,, =a >0 « {x,,,,1 gidm va bi chan dudi nén (x,,,,) hoi ty. Gia sit Tim x35. =B20 Do f lién tuc trén [0,+00), nén: f = Him Xpaa = Him (ayn) = £(@) a = lim Xpq, = lim £(Xpq.1) = £(B) B= f(a) > a = f(f) oa=fp=a => limx,, = limx,,., =a © limx, =a * Néu: X, 0, ¥x>0 Hon nia: (0.1) = 1-n <0 = f(x) = 0 c6 nghiém duong duy nhat x, 191 +x" Khi dé ee flex, =xi+ | Recast ptt x =x, > xX, >0 (vi ngugc lai: 0< x, 1<1(vé ly) = Tén tai limx, =x,, 0 +, ta duge 1 = Vay limx, == Cho day sé {u,} duge xc dinh bii: cy,vn.4", neN Chitng minh rang: {u,] 1a day hi tu Ta cé: “u, C3, vn.4" _ (2n+2)! (ayy {(n+1!f (Qn)! Vin va 192 Hon nita: = nese) 0) 2 = n(%e1] Inu, -Inu, <2(4- 2 } = Inu,,,—Inu, Int <= u 8 1 3 => Uy