This Article

Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
OA All Versions of this Article:
2/4/465 most recent
neh140v1
eCAM Advance Access originally published online on E-letters: Submit a response
October 27, 2005 E-letters: View responses
eCAM 2005 2(4):465-473; doi:10.1093/ecam/neh140 Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me when E-letters are posted
Alert me if a correction is posted

Services
Email this article to a friend
Similar articles in this journal
Similar articles in PubMed
Ayurveda and Traditional Alert me to new issues of the journal

Chinese Medicine: A Add to My Personal Archive

Download to citation manager
Comparative Overview Google Scholar
Articles by Patwardhan, B.
Bhushan Patwardhan1,*, Dnyaneshwar
Articles by Bhatt, N.
Warude1, P. Pushpangadan2 and Narendra Search for Related Content
Bhatt3
PubMed
1
Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, PubMed Citation
University of Pune Pune 411 007, India, Articles by Patwardhan, B.
2 Articles by Bhatt, N.
National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow
226 001, India, and 3Zandu Pharmaceutical Ltd Social Bookmarking
Mumbai 400 025, India
What's this?
Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine
(TIM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
remain the most ancient yet living traditions. There has been increased global interest in
traditional medicine. Efforts to monitor and regulate herbal drugs and traditional medicine
are underway. China has been successful in promoting its therapies with more research
and science-based approach, while Ayurveda still needs more extensive scientific
research and evidence base. This review gives an overview of basic principles and
commonalities of TIM and TCM and discusses key determinants of success, which these
great traditions need to address to compete in global markets.

Keywords: Ayurveda – Chinese medicine – complementary and alternative medicine –

traditional medicine

2) eCAM Advance Access published online on April 1, 2009

eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep023
 This Article
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
E-letters: Submit a response
Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me when E-letters are posted
Alert me if a correction is posted
© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms Services
of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- Email this article to a friend
nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial Similar articles in this journal
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, Similar articles in PubMed
provided the original work is properly cited. Alert me to new issues of the journal
Add to My Personal Archive
Download to citation manager
Allopathic Versus
Google Scholar
Homeopathic Strategies Articles by Basili, A.
and the Recurrence of Articles by Valeria Paterna, T.
Search for Related Content
Prescriptions: Results PubMed
from a PubMed Citation
Pharmacoeconomic Study Articles by Basili, A.
Articles by Valeria Paterna, T.
in Italy Social Bookmarking

Andrea Basili1, Francesco Lagona1, Paolo

Roberti di Sarsina2, Corallina Basili1 and What's this?

Teresa Valeria Paterna1

1
Italian Society of Anthroposophic Medicine, Department of Public Institutions,
Economy and Society, University of Roma Tre and Max Planck Institute for
Demographic Research and 2Expert for CAM, Italian High Council of Health, Ministry of
Health, Rome

This is a pharmaeconomic study to assess the impact of different, cost-specific

pharmacological strategies on the recurrence rate of prescriptions in the treatment of cold
symptoms. Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study reporting individual
prescriptions histories of subjects experiencing cold symptoms, obtained by a stratified
random sample of 316 subjects, clustered into 139 Italian families, followed up for 40
months. Costs of homeopathic and allopathic treatments were recorded within each
prescription. A Cox proportional hazards model with random effects was exploited to
regress time elapsed between subsequent prescriptions over the relative difference
between homeopathic- and allopathic-related costs, adjusting for age and gender and
accounting for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Relative risks of event (prescription)
re-occurrence have been estimated. The recurrence rate of prescriptions raise when
allopathic strategies are preferred to homeopathic alternatives. No significant differences
were observed between gender groups, while age was marginally significant. Inter-
subjects heterogeneity was not significant.
3)
eCAM Advance Access published online on August 17, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep113
 This Article
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
E-letters: Submit a response
Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me when E-letters are posted
Alert me if a correction is posted
© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms Services
of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- Email this article to a friend
nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial Similar articles in this journal
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, Similar articles in PubMed
provided the original work is properly cited. Alert me to new issues of the journal
Add to My Personal Archive
Download to citation manager
The Ayurveda Education in
Google Scholar
India: How Well are the Articles by Patwardhan, K.
Graduates Exposed to Articles by Rathore, H. C. S.

Basic Clinical Skills? PubMed

PubMed Citation
1
Kishor Patwardhan , Sangeeta Gehlot , 1 Articles by Patwardhan, K.
Articles by Rathore, H. C. S.
Girish Singh2 and H. C. S. Rathore3
Social Bookmarking
1
Department of Kriya Sharir, Faculty of
Ayurveda, 2Division of Biostatistics, What's this?
Department of Community Medicine and
3
Faculty of Education, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi, India

‘Ayurveda’ is an ancient system of healthcare that is native to India. At present, in India,

there are more than 240 colleges that offer a graduate-level degree (Bachelor of
Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery—BAMS) in Ayurveda. Even though the Central
Council of Indian Medicine, the governing body that monitors the matters related to
Ayurveda education, has imposed various educational norms and regulations, the
standard of education has been a cause of concern in recent years. The mushrooming of
substandard Ayurvedic colleges is the most important factor that is being held responsible
for this kind of erosion in the standards. The present study is a mailed survey, which was
carried out to evaluate the ‘Extent of exposure to basic clinical skills during BAMS
course’ as perceived by the sample groups of students and teachers drawn from 32
Ayurvedic educational institutions spread all over India. A methodically validated
questionnaire was used as the tool in the study, to which 1022 participants responded.
The study indicates that there are some serious flaws in the existing system of the
graduate-level Ayurveda education. Since the Ayurvedic graduates play an important
role in the primary healthcare delivery system of the country, governing bodies are
required to take necessary steps to ensure the adequate exposure of the students to basic
clinical skills. Along with the strict implementation of all the regulatory norms during the
process of recognition of the colleges, introducing some changes in the policy model may
also be required to tackle the situation.
 Pharmaceutical-Embodied Technical Progress,
4)

Longevity, and Quality of Life: Drugs as 'Equipment for

Your Health'
Frank R. Lichtenberg
Columbia Business School; CESifo (Center for Economic Studies and Ifo Institute for Economic
Research); National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Suchin Virabhak
affiliation not provided to SSRN

November 2002

NBER Working Paper No. W9351

Abstract:
Several econometric studies have concluded that technical progress embodied in equipment is a
major source of manufacturing productivity growth. Other research has suggested that, over the
long run, growth in the U.S. economy's 'health output' has been at least as large as the growth in
non-health goods and services. One important input in the production of health - pharmaceuticals
- is even more R&D-intensive than equipment.

In this paper we test the pharmaceutical-embodied technical progress hypothesis - the hypothesis
that newer drugs increase the length and quality of life - and estimate the rate of progress. To do
this, we estimate health production functions, in which the dependent variables are various
indicators of post-treatment health status (such as survival, perceived health status, and
presence of physical or cognitive limitations), and the regressors include drug vintage (the year in
which the FDA first approved a drug's active ingredient(s)) and indicators of pre-treatment health
status. We estimate these relationships using extremely disaggregated - prescription-level -
cross-sectional data derived primarily from the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

We find that people who used newer drugs had better post-treatment health than people using
older drugs for the same condition, controlling for pre-treatment health, age, sex, race, marital
status, education, income, and insurance coverage: they were more likely to survive, their
perceived health status was higher, and they experienced fewer activity, social, and physical
limitations. The estimated cost of the increase in vintage required to keep a person alive is lower
than some estimates of the value of remaining alive for one month. One estimate of the cost of
preventing an activity limitation is $1745, and the annual rate of technical progress with respect to
activity limitations is 8.4%. People consuming newer drugs tend to experience greater increases
(or smaller declines) in physical ability than people consuming older drugs.

Most of the health measures indicate that the effect of drug vintage on health is higher for people
with low initial health than it is for people with high initial health. Therefore in contrast to
equipment-embodied technical progress, which tends to increase economic inequality,
pharmaceutical-embodied technical progress has a tendency to reduce inequality as well as
promote economic growth, broadly defined.

JEL Classifications: I12, L65, O3

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=353761
5) Use of Herbal Medicines in Wound Healing: A
Perspective Paper
Terence J. Ryan, DM, FRCP

Emeritus Professor of Dermatology, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK oxfordwound@aol.com.

Healing of chronic lower extremity wounds is a global problem, especially in the

developing world where it is often only folk and traditional medicine that can be afforded.
In the structured health services of the developed world, there are usually a wider range of
possible therapies. In India, traditional medicines flourish in parallel with Western
systems, and those who treat wounds may use the expertise of more than one system.
Ayurveda is a traditional system that has evolved in India over centuries using especially
native plant sources as remedies. Like many Asian systems, its theoretical basis concerns
balance and energy in the individual. In this perspective paper, the author advocates
awareness of plant products available for wound healing and a study of the extent of their
utilization. They must be developed for safe use and their efficacy reviewed, taking into
account cure well-being and patient satisfaction as well as cost. Developing a list of
products and classifying them appropriately is a beginning for such studies.

Key Words: wounds • classification of herbal medicine • Ayurveda

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, Vol. 2, No. 1, 22-24 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/1534734603002001005

http://ijl.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/1/22

6) Student Nurses’ Perceptions of Alternative and

Allopathic Medicine
Ron Joudrey

Red Deer College

Sheila McKay

Nursing Department, Red Deer College

Jim Gough

Red Deer College

This exploratory study of student nurses is based on the results of the responses to one
question on an open-ended questionnaire: How would you define the relationship
between alternative medicine and allopathic (conventional) medicine? A specific goal of
the study was to find out how the surveyed respondents conceptualized the relationship
between allopathic and alternative medicine. Three themes were identified: (a) "They are
not at all alike," (b) "The two can or should be used together," and (c) "Those who
practice alternative medicine and those who practice allopathic do not get along very
well." The discussion suggests some reasons for these perceptions and considers some
implications for future health care.

Key Words: alternative medicine • allopathic medicine • student nurses • perceptions

Western Journal of Nursing Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, 356-366 (2004)

DOI: 10.1177/0193945903260327

http://wjn.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/26/3/356

7) Finding a Fit: Psychiatric Pluralism in South India

and its Implications for WHO Studies of Mental
Disorder
Murphy Halliburton

Queens College, CUNY Murphy_Halliburton@qc.edu

This article examines reports of improvement and decline in short-term follow-up

interviews and long-term recollections among patients in three forms of therapy for
mental illness in south India: ayurvedic (indigenous) psychiatry, allopathic (western)
psychiatry, and religious healing. Interviews indicate that patients of all three therapeutic
systems showed improvement after follow-up assessments and that several patients had
radically divergent experiences with each of the three therapies; each therapy was found
by some to be helpful and by others to be ineffective. These findings suggest that a greater
availability of distinct forms of therapy makes it more likely that an individual will find a
therapy to which he or she responds well, an insight that helps interpret World Health
Organization-sponsored studies which examined mental disorders in developed and
developing country sites and found a better outcome for these disorders in developing
country centers. Although several studies have attempted to account for this difference in
outcome, none have done so by considering that the ‘developing’ country sites in the
World Health Organization studies are all places that have a greater availability of diverse
forms of therapy when compared with the ‘developed’ sites

Key Words: ayurveda • ethnopsychiatry • India • South Asia • WHO studies

Transcultural Psychiatry, Vol. 41, No. 1, 80-98 (2004)

DOI: 10.1177/1363461504041355

http://tps.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/41/1/80
 This Article
Full Text
Full Text (PDF)
E-letters: Submit a response
Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me when E-letters are posted
8) eCAM Advance Access published online on Alert me if a correction is posted
February 20, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep005 Services
Email this article to a friend
Similar articles in this journal
© 2009 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Similar articles in PubMed
Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: Alert me to new issues of the journal
journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Add to My Personal Archive
Download to citation manager
Request Permissions
Review
Google Scholar
Articles by Datta, H. S.
Theories and Management of Articles by Patwardhan, B.

Aging: Modern and Search for Related Content

PubMed
Ayurveda Perspectives PubMed Citation
Articles by Datta, H. S.
Hema Sharma Datta1, S. K. Mitra2, Rangesh Articles by Patwardhan, B.
Paramesh2 and Bhushan Patwardhan1
Social Bookmarking
1
Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences,
University of Pune, Pune-411007 and 2Himalaya What's this?
Health Care, Research & Development, Makali,
Bangalore 562 123, India

Aging is a complex phenomenon, a sum total of changes that occur in a living organism
with the passage of time and lead to decreasing ability to survive stress, increasing
functional impairment and growing probability of death. There are many theories of aging
and skin remains the largest organ of the study. Skin aging is described as a consequence
of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The most common amongst visible signs of skin aging
are wrinkles and there are various therapies including antiaging cosmeceuticals,
sunscreens, chemical peeling, injectable agents, such as botox, fibrel, autologous fat
grafting as also few surgical procedures have been used. Ayurveda, the Indian traditional
medicine, describes aging with great details. This review provides modern and Ayurvedic
perspectives on theories and management of aging.

Keywords: antiaging therapies – cosmeceuticals – Rasayana – rejuvenation

For reprints and all correspondence: Bhushan Patwardhan, PhD, Chief Academics,
Manipal Education, Manipal Towers, Bangalore 560 008, India. Tel: +919900566399;
Fax: +91 80 25202250; E-mail: bhushan.patwardhan@manipalu.com

Received October 17, 2008; accepted January 13, 2009

 This Article
Full Text (PDF)
Alert me when this article is cited
Alert me if a correction is posted

Services
Email this article to a friend
Similar articles in this journal
Alert me to new issues of the journal
Add to My Personal Archive
Download to citation manager
Request Permissions

Google Scholar
Articles by Desai, P. N.
Search for Related Content

PubMed
Articles by Desai, P. N.

Social Bookmarking

What's this?

http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/nep005v1?
maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=AYURVEDA+VERS
US+ALLOPATHY&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT

9) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1988 13(3):231-255; doi:10.1093/jmp/13.3.231

© 1988 by Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc.

© 1988 by The Society for Health and Human Values

Medical Ethics in India

Prakash N. Desai, M.D.

Associate Professor of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Chief of
Psychiatry, West-Side V. A. Medical Center Chicago, Illinois 60680, U.S.A.

Abstract
Medical ethics in the Indian context is closely related to indigenous classical and folk
traditions. This article traces the history of Indian conceptions of ethics and medicine,
with an emphasis on the Hindu tradition. Classical Ayurvedic texts including
Carakasamhita and Susrutasamhita provide foundational assumptions about the body, the
self, and gunas, which provide the underpinnings for the ethical system. Karma, the
notion that every action has consequences, provides a foundation for medical morality.
Conception, prolongation of one's blood-line is an important ethical aim of life. Thus a
wide range of practices to further conception are acceptable. Abortion is a more complex
matter ethically. At the end of life death is viewed in the context of passage to another
life. Death is a relief from suffering to be coped with by the thought of an eternal atman
or rebirth.

Keywords: India, Hindu, karma, conception, death

http://jmp.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/13/3/231?
maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=AYURVEDA+VERS
US+ALLOPATHY&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT