§Æng Ngäc D¬ng – Trêng THCS Giao Hµ - Giao Thuû – Nam §Þnh

Chuyªn ®Ò: Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh

I) C¸c kiÕn thøc cÇn nhí
1) C«ng thøc nghiÖm cña ph¬ng tr×nh bËc hai: ax2 + bx + c = 0 (1)
§Æt =b2-4ac. NÕu ph¬ng tr×nh (1) coù: b=2b’
+) Neáu >0 thì phöông trình (1) coù 2 Ñaët ’=b’2-ac
nghieäm phaân bieät: +) Neáu ’ > 0 thì phöông trình (1) coù
- b+ D - b- D hai nghieäm phaân bieät:
x1 = ; x2 =
2a 2a - b '+ D ' - b '+ D '
+) Neáu =0 phöông trình (1) coù
x1 = ; x1 =
a a
nghieäm keùp: +) Neáu ’ = 0 thì phöông trình (1) coù
-b nghieäm keùp:
x1 = x 2 =
2a - b'
x1 = x2 =
+) Neáu <0 thì phöông trình (1) voâ a
nghieäm. +) Neáu ’<0 thì phöông trình (1) voâ
nghieäm.
2) Ph¬ng tr×nh quy vÒ ph¬ng tr×nh bËc hai
a) Ph¬ng tr×nh trïng ph¬ng
- Lµ ph¬ng tr×nh cã d¹ng ax 4 + bx 2 + c = 0 (a0)
- C¸ch gi¶i: §Æt x2 = t (t0) råi ®a vÒ gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh bËc hai Èn t. Sau ®ã ®èi chiÕu
®iÒu kiÖn ®Ó lÊy t vµ tõ ®ã thay trë l¹i ®Ó t×m x.
b) Ph¬ng tr×nh chøa Èn ë mÉu
C¸ch gi¶i:
Bíc 1: T×m ®iÒu kiÖn x¸c ®Þnh cña ph¬ng tr×nh.
Bíc 2: Quy ®ång mÉu thøc hai vÕ rråi khö mÉu
Bíc 3: Gi¶i ph¬ng tr×nh võa nhËn ®îc
Bíc 4: Trong c¸c gi¶ trÞ t×m ®îc cña Èn, lo¹i c¸c gi¸ trÞ kh«ng tho¶ m·n ®iÒu kiÖn x¸c
®Þnh, c¸c gi¸ trÞ tho¶ m·n ®iÒu kiÖn x¸c ®Þnh lµ nghiÖm cña ph¬ng tr×nh ®· cho.
c) Ph¬ng tr×nh tÝch
- Lµ ph¬ng tr×nh cã d¹ng: A(x).B(x).C(x)… = 0
trong ®ã A(x); B(x); C(x); … lµ c¸c ®a thøc Èn x.
- C¸ch gi¶i:
éA (x ) = 0
ê
ê
A (x ).B (x ).C (x )... = 0 Û êB (x ) = 0
ê
êC (x ) = 0
êë

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 §Æng Ngäc D¬ng – Trêng THCS Giao Hµ - Giao Thuû – Nam §Þnh

II) C¸c d¹ng bµi tËp

Lo¹i 1: Ph¬ng tr×nh bËc hai
Bµi 1:
a) x 2 - 28x + 52 = 0 b) 3x 2 + 5x - 1 = 0
c) 7x 2 - 2x + 3 = 0 d) 2x 2 - 7x + 3 = 0
e) 6x 2 + x - 5 = 0 f) 3x 2 + 5x + 2 = 0
g) x 2 - 8x + 16 = 0 h) 16z 2 + 24z + 9 = 0
i) x 2 - 12x - 288 = 0 j) 9x 2 - 12x + 4 = 0
k) x 2 - 13x + 36 = 0 l) 3x 2 - 2x + 5 = 0
m) x 2 - 64x - 3600 = 0 n) 12x 2 - 8x + 1 = 0
o) - 2x 2 + 7x + 39 = 0 p) x 2 - 3x + 7 = 0
q) 2x 2 - 5x + 1 = 0 r) - 3x 2 + 2x + 8 = 0
s) 16x 2 + 10x + 1 = 0 t) 2x 2 - 7x + 4 = 0

Bµi 2:
a)
Lo¹i 2: Ph¬ng tr×nh trïng ph¬ng
a) 2x 4 - 3x 2 - 2 = 0 b) x 4 - 2x 2 - 8 = 0
c) x 4 - 13x 2 + 36 = 0 d) 4x 4 - 5x 2 - 9 = 0
e) t 4 + 24t 2 - 25 = 0 f) 9x 4 + 8x 2 - 1 = 0
g) 3x 4 + 10x 2 + 3 = 0 h) 9a 4 + 2a 2 - 32 = 0
i) u 4 + 3u 2 + 9 = 0 j) 2x 4 + 5x 2 + 2 = 0
k) x 4 - 6x 2 - 27 = 0 l) a 4 - 12a 2 + 27 = 0
m) t 4 + 3t 2 + 10 = 0 n) x 4 + x 2 - 6 = 0
o) x 4 - 2x 2 - 120 = 0 p) 36x 4 - 13x 2 + 1 = 0
q) z 4 - 7z 2 - 144 = 0 r) x 4 - 1, 16x 2 + 0, 16 = 0
s) 5x 4 + (2 5 + 3)x 2 + 5+ 3= 0 4
t) 3x - (2 - 3)x 2 - 2 = 0
1 4 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 11
u) x - x + = 0 v) x - x - = 0
3 2 6 3 2 6
4 2
x) (5 + 2)x - (5 - 2)x - 10 = 0 y) x 4 - 39x 2 + 360 = 0
Bài 2:
a) x 4 + 2x 2 - x + 1 = 15x 2 - x - 35 b) 2x 4 + x 2 - 3 = x 4 + 6x 2 + 3
c) 5x 4 - 7x 2 - 2 = 3x 4 - 10x 2 - 3 d) 5x 4 + 2x 2 - 16 = 10 - x 2

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2
e) (x - 2)(x + 2)(x - 10) = 72 f) (x - 2)(x - 1)(x + 1)(x + 2) = 10
2 2
g) (x - 4)(x - 3)(x + 3)(x + 4) = 44 h) (x - 9)(x - 1) = 33
2 2
i) (x + 2)(x - 5) = - 12

Lo¹i 3: Ph¬ng tr×nh chøa Èn ë mÉu

Bài 1
a)

Bài 2

Bài 3
3x - 1 2x + 5 4 x+ 3 x- 1 2
a) - + 2 = 2 b) + =
x- 1 x+ 3 x + 2x - 3 x - 4 x - 2 - x 2 + 6x - 8
1 x 2 - 3x + 5 1 + 8x 4x 32x 2
c) = 2 d) - + = 0
x- 3 x - x- 6 4 + 8x 12x - 6 3(4 - 16x 2 )
x 3 + 7x 2 + 6x - 30 x 2 - x + 16 1 3 1
e) = 2 f) + 2 =
x3 - 1 x +x+1 2(x - 1) x - 1 4
1 2x 2 - 5 4 15 3x - 2 2x + 3 1
g) + 3 = 2 h) 2
- - =
x- 1 x - 1 x +x+1 x + 2x - 3 x- 1 x+ 3 3

Bài 5
1 1 1
a) + =
x 2 + 4x + 3 x 2 + 8x + 15 6
1 2 3 6
b) 2 + 2 + 2 =
x - 5x + 6 x - 8x + 15 x - 13x + 40 5
1 1 1 1
c) 2 + 2 + 2 =
x + 9x + 20 x + 11x + 30 x + 13x + 42 18
2
æ 1 1 2x ö÷
d) ç
ççè 2 + + ÷ = 4
x + 5x + 6 x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 + 4x + 3 ø÷
1 1 1 1 1
e) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 =
x - 5x + 6 x - 7x + 12 x - 9x + 20 x - 11x + 30 3
1 1 1 1 1 5
f) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 =
a + a a + 3a + 2 a + 5a + 6 a + 7a + 12 a + 9a + 20 14
1 1 1 1 9
g) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = -
a + 3a a + 8a + 15 a + 12a + 35 a + 16a + 63 20

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Bài 6
2 2
æ x ö÷ æ x ÷ ö 5
a) x + çç
2
= 8 b) x + ççç
2
÷ =
èx - 1ø÷ èx + 1÷ ø 4
2
2
æ1 ö÷ æ 1 ö÷ 2 25x 2
c) çç ÷ + çç ÷ = 15 d) x + = 11
èx ø÷ çèx + 1ø÷ (x + 5) 2

1 1 5 2 4x 2
e) + = f) x + = 12
x 2 (x + 2)2 16 (x + 2)2
2 81x 2 2 x2
g) x + 2
= 40 h) x + 2
= 15
(x + 9) (x + 1)

Bài 7
2 2
æx - 1ö÷ æx - 1 ö÷ 40
a) ç + çç =
çè x ø÷ ÷ èx - 2 ø÷÷
9
2 2
æx - ö
2÷ æx + 2 ö÷ x2 - 4
b) 20. ç - 5 çç
ççè
x+
÷
÷
1ø ÷ + 48. x 2 - 1 = 0
è x - 1 ø÷
2
æx + 2 ö÷ æx - 2 ö÷2 5 x 2 - 4
c) ç
ççè ÷ + çç ÷ - . 2 = 0
x+1 ÷
ø è x- 1 ÷
ø 2 x - 1
2 2
æx -
çç
ö
2÷ æx + 2 ö÷ x2 - 4
d) ÷ - 5 çç ÷ + 48 2 = 4
çèx + ÷
1ø èx - 1 ø÷ x - 1
2 2
æx - 2 ÷
ö æx + 2÷ö x2 - 4
e) 5. ççç ÷ - 44 ç
çè x - ÷
÷ + 12 2 = 0
èx + 1 ÷
ø 1 ø x - 1

Bài 8
x (3 - x) æ 3- x÷ö x (5 - x ) æ 5 - x ö÷
a) . çççx + ÷ = 2 b) . çççx + ÷= 6
x+ 1 è x + 1÷
ø x+1 è x + 1 ø÷
x (8 - x) æ 8- x÷ö
c) . çççx + ÷ = 15
x+ 1 è x + 1÷
ø

Bài 9
2x 7x 4x 3x
a) - = 1 b) 2
+ 2
= 1
3x 2 - x + 2 3x 2 + 5x + 2 4x - 8x + 7 4x - 10x + 7

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2x 13x 3x 7x
c) 2
+ 2
= 6 d) 2
+ 2
= - 4
2x - 5x + 3 2x + x + 3 x - 3x + 1 x + x + 1
4x 5x 3 4x 5x
e) 2 + 2 = - f) 2
+ 2
= 1
x + x + 3 x - 5x + 3 2 4x - 8 x + 7 4 x - 10 x + 7
4x 5x
g) 2
+ 2
= - 1
4x - 8x + 7 4x - 10x + 7

Bài 10
x2 - 10x + 15 4x x 2 - 3x + 5 x 2 - 5x + 5 1
a) 2 = 2 b) 2 - 2 = -
x - 6x + 15 x - 12x + 15 x - 4x + 5 x - 6x + 5 4
x2 - 13x + 15 x 2 - 15x + 15 1
c) 2 - 2 = -
x - 14x + 15 x - 16x + 15 12

Bµi 11:
x+ 4 x- 4 x+ 8 x- 8 8
a) + = + -
x- 1 x+1 x- 2 x+2 3
x+ 1 x- 2 x- 3 x+ 4
b) + + + = 4
x- 1 x+2 x+ 3 x- 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
c) + + + = + + +
x x+2 x+ 5 x+ 7 x+1 x+ 3 x+ 4 x+ 6

x 2 + 2x + 2 x 2 + 8x + 20 x 2 + 4x + 6 x 2 + 6x + 12
d) + = +
x+1 x+ 4 x+2 x+ 3
Lo¹i 4: Ph¬ng tr×nh tÝch
Bài 1:
2
a) (x - 1)(x + 2x - 3) = 0 b) x 3 + 3x 2 + 2x = 0
2 2 2 2 2
c) (3x - 5x + 1)(x - 4) = 0 d) (2x + x - 4) - (2x - 1) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
e) (x + 2x - 5) = (x - x + 5) f) (x + x + 1) = (4x - 1)
2 2 2 2 2 3
g) (x + 3x + 2) = 6(x + 3x + 2) h) (2x + 3) - 10x - 15x = 0
i) x 3 - 5x 2 - x + 5 = 0 j) x 3 + 3x 2 - 2x - 6 = 0
k) 3x 3 + 6x 2 - 4x = 0 l) x 3 + 6x 2 + 3x - 10 = 0
2 2 2 2
m) x 3 - 4x 2 - x + 4 = 0 n) (5x + 4x + 10) - (x - 7x + 9) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
o) (2x + 10x + 5) = (2x - 21x - 8) p) (2x - 7x + 20) = (x + 5x - 7)
2 2 2 2 2 2
q) (2x + x - 1998) + 4(x - 3x - 950) = 4(2x + x - 1998)(x - 3x - 950)
2 2 2 2
r) (x - 2) - 2(x - 2)(x - 3x + 4) = - (x - 3x + 4)

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2 2 2 2 2 2
s) (3y + 10y - 7) + 2(3y + 10y - 7)(y + 5y - 12) + (y + 5y - 12) = 0

Bài 2:
a) x 3 + 6x 2 + 3x - 10 = 0
c) x 3 - 3x 2 + x + 1 = 0
e) x 3 - 5x 2 + x + 7 = 0
g) x 3 - 2x 2 - 29x + 30 = 0
i) x 3 + 6x 2 + 11x + 6 = 0
k) x 3 + 2x 2 + 7x + 14 = 0
b) x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0
d) x 3 - 7x 2 + 14x - 8 = 0
f) x 3 + 4x 2 - 29x + 24 = 0
h) 2x 3 - 7x 2 - 7x + 12 = 0
j) x 3 - 5x 2 + 8x - 4 = 0
l) x 3 + x 2 + 4 = 0

Bài 3:
a) x 4 - 10x 3 + 15x 2 + 10x - 16 = 0 b) x 4 + 11x 3 - 8x 2 + 8x - 12 = 0
c) 2x 4 + 3x 3 - 17x 2 - 27x - 9 = 0 d) x 4 - 2x 3 + 6x 2 - 10x + 5 = 0
e) x 4 - 4x 3 - 19x 2 + 106x - 120 = 0 f) 2x 4 - 21x 3 + 74x 2 - 105x + 50 = 0
g) x 4 + 3x 3 - 14x 2 - 6x + 4 = 0 h) x 4 - 3x 3 - 6x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0

Lo¹i 5: Ph¬ng tr×nh tam thøc

a) x6 - 7x 3 + 6 = 0 b) - x 6 + 9x 3 - 8 = 0
c) x 8 - 17x 4 + 16 = 0 d) x 8 + x 4 - 2 = 0
e) x 12 - x6 - 1 = 0 f) x 10 + x 5 - 6 = 0
g) x 6 - 10x 3 + 16 = 0 h) - 2x 6 + 5x 3 - 3 = 0

Lo¹i 6: Ph¬ng tr×nh ®èi xøng

Bài 1:
a) 2x 3 + 7x 2 + 7x + 2= 0 b) - 9x 3 + 7x 2 + 7x - 9 = 0
c) 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 5x + 4= 0 d) x 3 - 2x 2 - 2x + 1 = 0
e) - x 3 + 4x 2 + 4x - 1= 0 f) 2x 3 - 5x 2 - 5x - 2 = 0
g) 8x 3 + 5x 2 + 5x + 8= 0 h) - 2x 3 + 3x 2 + 3x - 2 = 0

Bài 2:
a) 2x 4 - 3x 3 - 16x 2 - 3x + 2 = 0
c) 6x 4 + 5x 3 - 38x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
e) x 4 - 7x 3 + 14x 2 - 7x + 1 = 0
g) 4x 4 + 12x 3 - 47x 2 + 12x + 4 = 0
i) x 4 - 3x 3 + 4x 2 - 3x + 1 = 0
k) x 4 - 10x 3 + 26x 2 - 10x + 1 = 0
b) x 4 + 5x 3 - 12x 2 + 5x + 1 = 0
d) 6x 4 + 7x 3 - 36x 2 + 7x + 6 = 0
f) x 4 + x 3 - 10x 2 + x + 1 = 0
h) 10x 4 - 77x 3 + 150x 2 - 77x + 10 = 0
j) 2x 4 + x 3 - 6x 2 + x + 2 = 0
l) 2x 4 + x 3 - 11x 2 + x + 2 = 0

Lo¹i 7: Ph¬ng tr×nh §Æt Èn phô

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Bài 1:
2 2 2 2 2 2
a) 3(x + x ) - 2(x + x ) - 1 = 0 b) (x + x ) + 4(x + x ) = 12
2 2 2 4 2
c) 2(x - 2x ) + 3(x - 2x ) + 1 = 0 d) (2x + 3) + 5(2x + 3) = 6
2 2 2 2 2 2
e) (x - 5x ) + 10(x - 5x ) + 24 = 0 f) (x + 5x ) - 2(x + 5x ) - 24 = 0
2 2 2
g) (x 2 + x + 2)2 - 12(x 2 + x + 2) + 35 = 0 h) (x + 3x - 1) + 2(x + x - 1) - 8 = 0
2 2 2 2
i) (x + 3x + 2)(x + 3x + 1) = 20 j) (x - 3x + 4)(x - 3x + 2) = 3
2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
l) ççx + ÷ ççx + ÷
2 2 2
k) (x - 4x + 4) + x - 4x - 2 = 0 ÷
÷ - 4 ÷+ 3 = 0
÷
è xø è xø
2 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
m) ççx + ÷ ÷
÷ çè+ çx + ÷ ÷ - 2= 0 n) ççx + ÷ ÷ + 3 çx + ÷ ÷ - 10 = 0
è xø x÷
ø è ÷
xø èç x÷ø
æ2 1ö æ 1ö æ2 1ö æ 1ö
o) ççx + 2 ÷ ÷ + 5 ççx + ÷
÷- 12 = 0
÷ p) 4 ççx + 2 ÷ ÷ + 12 ççx + ÷
÷- 47 = 0
÷
è x ÷ ø è xø è x ø ÷ è xø
æ2 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö æ2 1ö
q) 2 ççx + 2 ÷ ÷
÷ + 3 ççx + ÷
÷- 16 = 0
÷ r) 7 ççx + ÷ ÷ -
÷ è 2 ççx + 2 ÷
÷= 9
÷
è x ø è xø è xø x ø
æ 1ö æ
çç x + 1 ÷
ö 7
s) ççx + ÷
2
÷
÷ - 4 çè ÷+ 6 = 0
÷ t) x + x + = 7
è xø xø x2 + x + 1
2x 2 5x x2 48 æx 4 ö
u) - + 3= 0 v) + 2 = 10 çç - ÷
(x + 1) 2
(x + 1) 3 x è3 x ÷
÷
ø

Bài 2:
a) x ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) = 8 b) ( x - 1) ( x - 4) ( x - 5) ( x - 8) = - 31
c) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x - 7) ( x - 8) = 144 d) ( x + 5) ( x + 6) ( x + 8) ( x + 9) = 40
e) ( x - 1) ( x - 3) ( x + 5) ( x + 7) = 297 f) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 4) ( x + 5) = 10
g) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x + 4) + 1 = 0 h) ( x - 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x + 6) = 108
i) ( x + 1) ( x + 3) ( x + 5) ( x + 7 ) = 9 j) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 4) ( x + 5) = 40
k) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x + 4) = 3 l) ( x - 7) ( x - 5) ( x - 4) ( x - 2) = 72
m) x ( x - 1) ( x + 1) ( x + 3) = 3 n) x ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) = 24
p) ( x + 3x + 2) ( x + 7x + 12) = 24
2 2
o) 16x ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) = 9

q) ( x + x - 1) x ( x + 1) = 56
2
r) ( 4x + 1) ( 12x - 1) ( 3x + 2) ( x + 1) = 4
2 2
s) ( 6x + 7) ( 3x + 4) ( x + 1) = 6 t) ( 6x + 5) ( 3x + 2) ( x + 1) = 35
2
u) ( 4x + 3) ( x + 1) ( 2x + 1) = 810

Bài 3:
2
a) 4 ( x + 5) ( x + 6) ( x + 10) ( x + 12) = 3x

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2
b) ( x + 1) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x + 6) = 120x
2
c) ( x + 2) ( x + 3) ( x + 8) ( x + 12) = 4x
2
d) ( x - 4) ( x - 5) ( x - 8) ( x - 10) = 72x
2
e) ( x + 1) ( x + 3) ( x + 5) ( x + 15) = - 16x
f) ( 2x - 3x + 1) ( 2x + 5x + 1) = 9x
2 2 2

Bài 4:
a) 3x 2 + 2x = 2 x 2 + x + 1 - x b) 3 x 2 + x + 1 - x = x 2 + 3
c) 2x 2 + 3x + 2 2x 2 + 3x + 9 = 33 d) 3x 2 + 21x + 16 + 2 x 2 + 7x + 7 = 0
e) x + 3 x - 10 = 0 f) x + 12 x + 35 = 0
g) 2x + 5 x + 3 = 0 h) 2x + 13 x - 45 = 0
2x + 2 x+2 7 2x 1 1
i) + = ị) + + = 2
x+2 2x + 2 12 x+1 2 2x
x 4x - 1 x 2 3x - 2
k) + = 2 l) + = 3
4x - 1 x 3x - 2 x

Bài 5:
24 15 1 1 9
a) - 2 = 2 b) + =
2
x + 2x - 8 x - 2x - 3 x 2 - 2x + 2 x 2 - 2x + 3 2(x 2 - 2x + 4)
x2 + x - 5 3x x2 - x x2 - x + 2
c) + 2 + 4= 0 d) 2 - = 1
x x +x- 5 x - x + 1 x2 - x - 2
1 2 6
e) 2 + 2 = 2
x - 3x + 3 x - 3x + 4 x - 3x + 5
6 8 7
d) + = 1 2
e) x + x - 2 = 5
(x + 1)(x + 2) (x - 1)(x + 4) x +x+1

Bài 6:

Lo¹i 8: Ph¬ng tr×nh bËc chøa dÊu gi¸ trÞ tuyÖt ®èi
Bµi 1:
a) x + 3 = 5 b) x - 7 = 4 c) 5x + 2 = 7
d) - 2x + 3 = 4 e) 4x + 5 = 1 f) - 2x + 2 = 5
1
g) - x + 4 = 2 h) 3x + 2 = 7 i) 4x + 3 =
3

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4 3 4 1
j) - x - 1 = k) - x+2 = l) 5x - 2 = - 7
7 4 9 2
m) 3 2x = x - 6 n) - 3x = x - 8 o) - 5x - 16 = 3x
p) x - 5 = 3x q) x - 2 = x + 2 r) - 2x = 4x + 5
s) 2 - 3x = 4x - 1 t) 7 - 3x = 3x + 2 u) 2 - 3x = 2(x - 3)
2 1 3 4 1
v) - 4x - 3 + 2x - 5 = 0 x) 3x + = x - 4 y) - x = 2x -
3 2 2 3 3
z) x 2 + x - 3 = 3 2
2
aa) x + x = 0 ab) x - 5x + 2 = - 2
ac) x 2 - 3x + 2 + x - 1 = 0 ad) (3x - 1)2 - 4 x - 1 + 5 = 0

Bµi 2:
a) x - x - 1 - 2 = 0 b) 2 - 3x - 5 - 2x = 0
c) - x + x + 2 - 3 = 0 d) 2 + x + 3 - 4x - 5 = 0
e) - 3x + 2 - - 2x + 1 + 3 = 0 f) x + 1 + x - 5 = 4
1
g) 3x + 3x + 2 - 4 = 0 h) 3 - x - - 2x = 0
3
i) x + 1 - 2 x - 1 = x j) 2x - 1 - 3 x + 1 = 2x + 6
k) - x + 2 + 4 - x - 1 = x + 3 l) - 2x + 1 - 2 x + 1 = - x + 2
m) 2x + 3 + 2 3 - 2x = - 2x - 3 n) 2x - 1 + 2 - 3x = x - 5
o) - 2x - 3 + 4 2 - 4x = 3 - 2x p) x + 7 - 2 3 - x = 1 - 3x

Bµi 3:
a) x + 1 + x - 2 - x - 3 = 4
c) x - 1 + x + 2 + x + 3 = 14
e) x - 1 + 2x + 3 = x + 4
g) 3 - 2x - - x + x - 3 = 2
i) - x - 1 + - 2x + 3x + 3 = 2x - 1
b) - x - 1 - - x + 2x + 1 = - 2
d) x + 1 + 2 - x - x + 3 = 1
f) x - 2 x + 1 + 3 x + 2 = 0
h) 5x - 4 2 - x + 3 x + 3 = 7
j) - 3x + 2 - 1 - 2x + x - 3 = 3x - 4

Lo¹i 9: Ph¬ng tr×nh v« tØ

Bµi 1
a) 3 2x - 5 8x + 7 16x = 28 b) 4x - 8 + 5 x - 2 - 9x - 18 = 20
c) 16x + 16 - 9x + 9 + 4x + 4 + x + 1 = 16
d) 25x - 25 - 7 49x - 49 = x - 1 + 4x - 4
e) 5 x - 1 - 36x - 36 + 9x - 9 = 8x - 12
4
f) 4x + 20 - 3 5 + x + 9x + 45 = 6
3

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 §Æng Ngäc D¬ng – Trêng THCS Giao Hµ - Giao Thuû – Nam §Þnh

15 x - 1
g) 25x - 25 - = 6+ x- 1
2 9

Bài 2:
a) x + 1 = x - 1 b) x- 2= x- 2 c) 4x - 20 = x - 20
d) x+1= 2 e) 3x + 2 = 4 f) x + 5 = 1- x
g) x + x + 1 = 13 h) 2x + 5 = 2x - 1 i) x- 5+ 7= x
j) x - 4 = 4 - x k) x - x - 1 = 3 l) x - 5 = 1 - x
m) 3 + 2x - 3 = x n) x + 2 2x - 1 + 5 = 0 o) 2x + 8 2x - 1 = 21
p) x - 2 x - 1 = 16 q) 3x + 2 = 2 = 3 r) 1 - 2x 2 = x - 1
Bài 3:
a) x 2 - 4x + 4 = 49 b) 4x 2 - 4x + 1 = 13
c) x 2 - 6x + 9 = x + 3 d) x 2 + 2x + 1 = - x + 3
e) x 2 - 2x + 1 - x 2 + 4x + 4 = - 2x + 1
f) x 2 - 10x + 25 + 9x 2 + 6x + 1 = 3x - 2
g) x 2 - 4x + 3 = x - 1 h) x 2 + 5x + 4 = x + 1
i) x 2 - 2x + 1 + x 2 - 4x + 4 = 3
j) x 2 + 2x + 1 + x 2 - 4x + 4 = x 2 + 4x + 4
l) x 2 - 4x + 4 + x = 8
m) x + 3- 4 x - 1 + x + 8- 6 x - 1 = 5
n) x - 1+ 4 x - 5 + 11 + x + 8 x - 5 = 4
o) x + 4- 4 x + x + 9- 6 x = 1
p) x + 6- 4 x + 2 + x + 11 - 6 x + 2 = 1
q) x + 2+ 4 x - 2 + x + 7- 6 x - 2 = 1
r) x- 2 x- 1- x- 1= 1
s) x + 3+ 4 x - 1 + x + 8- 6 x - 1 = 5
t) x - 1+ 4 x - 5 + 11 + x + 8 x - 5 = 4
u) x - 2+ 2x - 5 + x + 2 + 3 2x - 5 = 7 2
v) x 2 - 6x + 9 + x 2 + 10x + 25 = 8

Bµi 4:
a) 2x + 5 - 3x - 5 = 2 b) x+ 3+ x- 1= 2

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 §Æng Ngäc D¬ng – Trêng THCS Giao Hµ - Giao Thuû – Nam §Þnh

c) x + 3 = 5- x- 2 d) x + 1 = 3- x- 2
e) x+ 4+ x- 2= 2 f) x + x+1= 1
g) x + 3- x- 4= 1 h) 15 - x + 3 - x = 6
i) 10 - x + x+ 3= 5 j) x - 1+ x + 1= 2
k) x - 5 + 9- x = 2 l) x - 3 + 12 + x = 5
m) 6 - x + x - 2 = 2 n) x+ 4+ x+ 9= 5
o) 4x + 1 - 3x + 4 = 1 p) 1- x + 4 + x = 3
q) 8+ x + 5- x = 5 r) 3 - 2x + 7+ x = 5

B ài 5:
a) 2x - 1 + x- 2= x+1 b) x + 1 - x - 7 = 12 - x
c) x - 1- 5x - 1 = 3x - 2 d) 3x + 15 - 4x + 17 = x + 2
e) x + 1+ x + 10 = x + 2 + x + 5 f) x- 3- x = 2x + 1 - 3x + 4

B ài 6:
a) x + 1 + x - 2 + 2 x2 - x - 2 = 13 - 2x

Bµi 7:
a) 7 - x + x - 5 = x 2 - 12x + 38 b) x - 7 + 9 - x = x 2 - 16x + 66
c) x - 2 + 10 - x = x 2 - 12x + 40 d) 5 - x + x - 1 = - x 2 + 2x + 1
e) x - 94 + 96 - x = x 2 - 190x + 9027 f) x - 4 + 6 - x = x 2 - 10x + 27
g) x - 2+ 4 - x = x 2 - 6x + 11
h) 3x 2 + 6x + 7 + 5x 2 + 10x + 14 = 4 - 2x - x 2
i) 2x - 3 + 5 - 2x = 3x 2 - 12x + 4
B ài 7:
a) x 2 + x 2 - 9 - 29 = 0 b) x 2 + x 2 - 6 = 12
Lo¹i 10: Ph¬ng tr×nh c¨n bËc ba
a) 3 x + 1 - 3 x - 4 = 3
5x b) x + 1+ 3 7- x = 2
3

3
c) 12 - x + 3
14 + x = 2 d) 1 + 3 x - 16 = 3 x + 3
e) x + 1 - 3 x - 1 = 3 5x
3 f) x + 25 + 3 3 - x = 4
3

g) 2 3 x - 5 3 x - 1 = 5 h) 3 2 - x + 3 x - 1 = 1
i) 3 2x + 1 + 3 x = 1 j) 3 x + 34 - 3 x - 3 = 1
3
k) 13 - x + 3
22 + x = 5

Lo¹i 11: Ph¬ng tr×nh kh¸c

11
 §Æng Ngäc D¬ng – Trêng THCS Giao Hµ - Giao Thuû – Nam §Þnh

x+1 x+ 3 x+ 5 x+ 7
a) + = +
65 63 61 59
x+1 x+ 2 x+ 3 x+ 4
b) + = +
58 57 56 55
x+1 x+ 2 x+ 3 x+ 4 x+ 5 x+ 6
c) + + = + +
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
x - 11 x - 12 x - 13 x - 67 x - 88 x - 89
d) + + = + +
89 88 87 33 12 11
x+1 x+ 2 x+ 3 x+ 4 x+ 5 x+ 6
e) + + = + +
94 93 92 91 90 89
x - 29 x - 27 x - 25 x - 23 x - 21 x - 19
f) + + + + + =
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980
x - 1970 x - 1972 x - 1974 x - 1976 x - 1978 x - 1980
= + + + + +
29 27 25 23 21 19
x + 3 x + 5 x + 7 x + 9 x + 11 x + 13 x + 15 x + 17
g) + + + = + + +
2001 1999 1997 1995 1993 1991 1989 1987
315 - x 313 - x 311 - x
h) + + = 3
105 103 101
59 - x 57 - x 55 - x 53 - x 51 - x
i) + + + + = - 5
41 43 45 47 49
x - 342 x - 323 x - 300 x - 273
j) + + + = 10
15 17 19 21
315 - x 313 - x 311 - x 309 - x
k) + + + + 4= 0
101 103 105 107
Lo¹i 12: Ph¬ng tr×nh kh«ng mÉu mùc

12