INTERNSHIP REPORT OF AVT KHYBER NEWS

Name: Masroor Ahmed

ID: Bc040400087

Session: Fall 2004

Date of Final Report

21/ 05/08 to 21/06/2008

Virtual University of Pakistan

Dep. of Mass communication

i
 DEDICATITED TO

MY GREAT PARENTS, LOVING TEACHERS AND SINCARE FRIENDS WHO HELPED ME REACH THIS

LEVEL

ii
PREFACE

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Internship report is essential part of BS mass communication degree program. Internship

provides complete practical knowledge of the areas we passed through our course work. It

makes us aware of the practical and technical requirement in the field.

I am grateful to Almighty ALLAH, whose blessings have always been sources of

encouragement for me and who gave me the ability to complete this task. I wish our

heartiest thanks to my parents who encouraged me at every stage of life and

remembered me in their prayers. I can never turn down their efforts they put forward for

my bright and prosperous future. May ALLAH almighty rendered them with affection

and forgiveness in this life and afterward.

I am also thankful to Avt Khyber staff for giving allotting me internship in their

channel. This not only helped me in my gaining practical experience but also explored

my course work skills in such an esteemed environment.

I am also thankful Mr. Hassan Khan Head of current News and affairs .who helped me

when ever I ask him about anything. He has given me a lot of concentration in the

period of my internship. Mr.Ilyas, Mr. Mohammad Tahir khan, Mr.Arbab, Mr. Shabir,

Mr.Kismat, Mr .Rahim shah Mr. Saleem and Mr. Naeem Ullah also helped me and

supervised me on daily basis.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Avt Khyber news channel is a news channel and all its operations are based on providing

the audience with information, news, entertainment and educating them.

In this internship report I have describe about the working of the Avt Khyber news

channel in detail. This report highlights how a news channel works, how it is managed

and controlled.

The daily operations of the channel have been described as well, which ranges from

collection of news to disseminating of news or the final broadcast.

In simple a full summary of the whole process that how the news is made from where it

comes from and how it is collected and who collects it ,to whom it is forwarded ,where it

reaches ,how it is treated ,what are the essential components of news ,through what

process it passes in to its final shape and up to the final broadcast has been included in

this report.

I have divided my internship report in six segments as it is two months therefore I have to

spend a week or two so that I may grab all the process that takes place in the organization

with open mind.

In the report I have described about the different offices that look after the daily work and

operations of the news channel.

I have write-down about the different departments which are works throughout 24 hours

in different shifts mainly in shift of three to bring about news for the audience.

The way in which the channel works is also explained in the report, who supervises the

newsroom how the news is treated in news room, and how it is transmitted to the general

or desired public.

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I got training in the Avt Khyber in different departments or section which helped me in

catching the overall process of the practical life work experience.

The report focus on areas where I did my internship, the different branches and different

areas of work assigned to me has been the main focus of the report. These different

departments range from news room to transmission. With marketing, finance and HR

working side by side to them.

The hierarchical chart of organization has also been embedded in the report which

clarifies about how the process of communication between the different levels of the

overall network of the channel goes on.

The working environment and the behavior of the personnel in the organized have also

been described in detail.

I came across some findings that are part of the internship report have stated my

recommendations for improvements and some changes that may be helpful for the

organization in having good communication in the organization.

Each and every thing that I have learnt and admired is in the report hope that this report

will clarify a normal person about what actually a news channel constitutes and how it

operates in the market.

I have put forward some recommendations for improvement for avt Khyber news

communication between organization members and its sections.

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PHOTOCOPY OF INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

vii
PHPTOCOPY OF EVALUATION CERTIFICATE

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

a. Title and Introduction of the Student…………..……….…..…………....i

b. Dedication……………….………………...……………..…...…………ii

c. Acknowledgment……….………………………...……....………….….iii

d. Executive Summary………………………………...……………..…….iv

e. Photocopy of the internship certificate……...…..……………………….v

f. Photocopy of the Evaluation Certificate…….....………………………viii

g. Table of contents……...…………………….…....…………………….ix

h. List of illustrations……...…………………….…….…………………..xi

1. Introduction of the sector.……………………..………………...……..1

2. Overview of the organization..…………..……………....………….…4

2.1 Brief history...………… ……………………………………..….……4

2.2 Organizational hierarchy chart…….………………………………….8

2.3 Nature of the organization …………….……………………….……..9

6. 2.4 Competitors ………………………………………..……….……..10

3. Organizational structure …..…………….……………………………..11

3.1 Main offices ..........................................................…………….……..11

3.2 Comments on the organizational structure …………………..….……14

4. Branches where I got training and did my internship …….……..…….15

4.1 News room ………………….………….…………………………….15

4.2 Monitoring………………………………………....………………….19

4.3 NLE ……………..……………………………………………………21

4.4 News production………………………………………………………23

4.5 News studio…………………………………………......................….30

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4.5 Transmission cell..………………………………………………….…31

4.6 Starting and ending dates of internship…..………..……………….…31

5. Assigned projects ………………………………………………………31

5.1 Production of news.……………………………………………………31

5.2 News writing ....…………………………………………………….…31

5.3 Editing and sub editing………………………………………..….……35

5.4 Reporting ..…………..….………………………………..…………….37

6. Observation and finings…………………………………………………39

7. Conclusion and recommendation for improvement …….………………41

8. Resources and sources used…………………..……………………….…44

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xi
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATION

1. INTEL SET map……………………………..……………………….…6

2. Organization hierarchy chart…………………..…………………………8

3. News room……………….…………………..……………………….…16

4. Production room format…………………..…………………….…….…42

xii
 1. INTRODUCTION OF THE SECTOR

The media sector is a huge sector with diverse applications and workings. The media

sector is composed of various operations ranging from collection, composing, marketing,

and gathering, dissemination, financing, broadcasting, publishing of information, for the

betterment and educating, informing the public at large.

The media sector consists of various mediums through which all these operations are

carried out on instant basis. The broadcast media, the print media, radio, online and in

short traditional and nontraditional media. Media sector serves the greater interest of

public at large. The media sector is governing by large organization and groups with

professional expertise and skills. These skills and professionalism is then transferred in to

such high level of success that in terns establishes the public opinion.

The media sector can be defined as comprising the creation, modification, transfer and

distribution of media content for the purpose of mass consumption, where:

 Media content comprises art, reports of facts, and expressions of ideas or

opinions in a form that allows these to be consumed independently (in time or in

place) from their creation.

 Mass consumption requires that the creation, modification, transfer or

distribution is undertaken without knowledge of the specific identity of the people

to whom the content is to be made available.

The meaning of each of these definitions is best understood by identifying what they

exclude.

The media sector involves a process through which, first, the fruits of human creativity

are converted to media content and, second, this media content is distributed to, and

consumed by, an audience unconnected to its original creation. The essence of the media

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sector is the separation between creation and distribution, reflecting the use of the term

"medium" to describe a means of communication.

Thus, a broadcast (whether live or not) or a recording of the performance or speech,

which can be consumed independently of the speech or performance itself, would be

media content. The speech script or musical score used by the performer is potentially

media content, as it is capable of mass consumption; but its creation or distribution only

forms part of the media sector where this is undertaken for the purpose of mass

consumption. Speech writing exclusively for the speaker's use, with no prospect of any

other distribution, is not a media activity.

The media sector concerns mass consumption

The requirement that media be for mass consumption excludes various social and

commercial exchanges where, to the extent that content is created, the audience, reader or

recipient is a specific individual or a "closed group". The supply of voice telephony

services allows the transmission of audio content from one person to another, but falls

outside the media sector due to the private nature of the communication. Similarly, in

consultancy industries, where firms take on commissions to provide bespoke advice to

clients, the consumer of any content created (such as written reports) is a specific party;

these services therefore lie outside the media sector (but this does not preclude

consultancy firms supplying media content as part of their business, e.g. marketing

publications).

For the purpose of defining the media sector, mass consumption is not simply a matter of

numbers. The actual audience or readership for some media content might be very small,

whilst forms of private communication might involve a large number of people (e.g. an e-

mail to a very large group of recipients) yet fall outside the media sector.

The supply of media content may be restricted and controlled in various ways, but this

2
remains within the media sector so long as the restriction is not based on the specific

identity of the people (or parties) to whom the content is to be made available. For

instance, access to media content may be restricted through pricing arrangements, by

geographic location, or because specific equipment is needed to consume the content.

Historically, the main industries within the media sector have been television and radio

broadcasting, the film and recorded music industries, and the printed press (e.g.

newspaper and book publishing). Connected to these areas is the advertising industry,

which cuts across all media channels. More recently, the Internet has provided a further

channel through which a range of media content — from text to graphical and audiovisual

content — can be distributed.

In parts of the media sector, the traditional distribution channels have involved the

transfer of content to a physical copy (e.g. through the printing of a newspaper or the

copying of a VHS video cassette) followed by a logistical process (e.g. delivery of

newspapers to households, supply through high street retail). In other parts of the sector,

content has been distributed through network infrastructure that was essentially devoted

to that purpose, such as terrestrial transmission networks for television and radio

broadcasting.

With convergence, and more specifically digitalization, the same (digital) content is often

distributed to consumers through a variety of distribution channels. These distribution

channels are not used exclusively by the media sector. For instance, a movie might be

transmitted through a digital cable network, or downloaded from the Internet; these same

networks are also used to provide services outside the media sector, such as voice

telephony services. Media sector as encompassing broad groups of supply chains that

map the original creation (or sourcing) of content to its final (mass) consumption,

involving various distribution networks and logistical arrangements.

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2. OVERVIEW OF ORGANIZATION

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY

The channel was launched in July 2004 with a very thorough home work done by the

AVT creative team. As the aim was not to roll out a run of the mill channel but a channel

with a slogan of “Pride of the Proud”, it became a record hit even during the test

transmission phase.

Fig 2.1

Due to this immense popularity, this channel moved on to regular transmission within a

record short period of time and on to 24 hours transmission within seven months of its

launch. The popularity of this Channel is not restricted to only the Pukhtuns of Pakistan

but also of Afghanistan, Middle East, Australia and the Far East where it has captured

viewers in more than 90% Pukhtuns households.

Within this short span of its history, AVT Khyber, with its main studios at Islamabad,

has opened its centers with studio facilities in Peshawar, Quetta, Karachi and Dubai. It

has its marketing offices located in Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar, Quetta and

Dubai. It has its news reporters located in all District Headquarters of NWFP, Pukhtuns

Districts of Baluchistan, Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and entire Tribal Belt of NWFP

including Wana and South Waziristan. It has its Bureau Offices/Stingers in Kabul,

4
Jalalabad, Kandahar, Herat, Mazar Sharif and Dubai. To man these offices and centers, it

has a work force of over 200 young and educated male and female workers who are

working day and night to make it a success.

AVT Khyber has a very talented team of programmers who produce more than 90% of

the programs in-house. It is a complete family channel with over 60 fresh programs

including more than 30 hours of live shows produced every week ranging in duration

from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Only few entertainment dramas are outsourced to market

producers, which also is by design to encourage Pukhtuns artists in the private sector.

AVT Khyber also had the distinction of devising a system of feedback for improving its

contents and programs on a continuous basis. Through a scientifically planned system of

web sites and e-mails, we encourage our viewers to contact us on daily basis giving their

impressions and suggestions on fresh programs. In addition, we also take live calls from

viewers in which they are encouraged to critically analyze our contents, our methods of

presentations and styles of our various anchors/presenters. We hold daily de-briefing and

continuously incorporate changes in the light of such useful comments and suggestions.

This system has made the channel interactive as well as provided a sense of ownership to

our viewers. Our achievement is that our viewers now call AVT Khyber as “Our

Channel” and we refer to it as “Your Channel”.

AVT Khyber on can be tuned on:

INTELSAT-10 at 68.5°E

(Formerly PANAMSAT-10)

Downlink Frequency: 3803 MHz

Polarity: Horizontal

FEC: 3/4

Symbol Rate: 5100

5
INTELSAT-10 (Map)

Fig 2.2

MISSION STATEMENT

To provide positive entertainment for the Pukhtuns while explaining their codes of

hospitality, honor and pride in the right perspective.

BACKGROUND

Pukhtuns are a unique nation mainly inhabiting the Western Frontier Regions of Pakistan,

Eastern and Central Afghanistan, the Gulf States and sporadically spread over the entire

globe from Central Asia to Europe, North America, Australia and Entire Asia. They are

hardworking, innovative and an extremely dynamic nation having a natural ability to

standout in any religious, ethnic or cultural group. Historically they have been extremely

proud of their identity and have always been admired for their love for independence and

adherence to their cultural values.

6
Over 50 million people around the globe speak Pashto. And yet it is the only language of

its size that, despite the emerging trend of local media, did not have a television channel

of its own. AVT Khyber filled that vacuum.

7
 2.2 ORGANIZAION HIRARCHY CHART

Chairman Avt Groups

Chief executive (Avt

Khyber, Khyber news)

G.M Directors

AVCOM
G.M Progress

Current News and Chief Officer Operations

Current Affairs

Production In charge G.M Technical G.M Planning

Director Admin
CM Marketing Chief Cameraman DOP Audio
Engineer

Director’s works
In charge Current
Shift In charge News Bureau Chief
Affairs

Anchor SM Peshawar
Sr. Producer
s SM Quetta
Assignment Monitoring News Production SM Karachi
Editor SM Multan etc

8
 Fig 2.3

NATURE OF ORGANIZATION

As the nature and environment of the Avt Khyber news channel is concern I found

it very pleasant and friendly. It is a private organization with policies and working

environment best suited for getting best performance and outcomes. Every part

and every one attached to the organization is hard working dedicated and

committed to his work and organization.

Everyone in the organization works in a friendly atmosphere where everyone feels

relax and there is boss and subordinate.

Every one shares his own in this channel that I found as the mean of success of

this channel.

The organization where I did my internship was headed by MR. Hasan khan Head

of current news and current affairs, a very renowned personality in the Pakistani

market of media. He is a very dedicated and hardworking person with open heart

to help out every person in the organization. He leads the team from front with the

candle of success. Due to his wide experience in the field of media he is able to

lead the channel and its individual in the form of a team. He motivates his team

members all the times, which makes the organization a place to work with

dedication and heart.

Everyone in the organization helps the other person in his/her daily work; they

often share their work with other to help him/she out. This is the cooperation,

9
 which this organization has the most.

The flow of communication and information in the organization is downward as

well as upward through the same line horizontally.

In the upward communication the strategies are designed and sent to the level at

which the second line of management lies they then implement and distribute the

message to the lower level which then takes it in to consideration. There exists

individual who belong to different languages such as Pashto, Urdu, as well as

Afghani.

There are mixed workers female as well as males operating in different

department with good communication and friendly environment found female

workers doing their job with ease and satisfaction because they don’t feel any

discrimination in the regard of being female, the environment is such that they

work happily and confidently as per my observation.

2.3 COMPITITORS

As Avt Khyber news is a regional Pashto language channel and its operation is limited to

Pashto and English understanding audiences therefore there is no such compete ting force

available for them in the media market within Pakistan but new Pashto channels are going

to be launched soon in Pakistan which will then create complex competition between

these media channels.

For the time being the channel is competing with other channels available in Pakistan this

is for the reason that the management want to provide full time information and current

affairs program on Avt Khyber news to have a competition edge in the market.

Although they are striving to get their hold on the market for providing good news and

10
current affairs information and programs.

3. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

3.1 MAIN OFFICES

The main offices of Avt Khyber news are as follow

1) Head office:

Avt Khyber news with its head office in G-6/4 street no.16, house no.85, is responsible

for the over management and core work.

All the operations of Avt Khyber news is controlled in the head office, it is where the

head of Avt Khyber and Khyber news sits with its important personnel who helps him in

his planning and management.

Rules and regulations are framed in the head office and then they are followed by the

other bureaus or offices throughout Pakistan and out side country.

The head office comprises of a bureau as well which is responsible for the current affairs

and current news as well. the bureau chief is Mr. Gul Ayaz.

There is a production office as well where all the production record from of different

program is checked and processed by the person in charge.

The further offices that comes under the supervision of head office is divided into

different offices as given below

2) Human Resource office:

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Human resource office is situated in I-9/2 Islamabad

3) News and current affairs office:

News and current affairs offices are situated in I-9/2 Islamabad how ever few of the

current affairs programs are recorded in the head office.

In this news and current affairs office the person controller is Mr. Hasan khan who

manage the over news and current departments. he supervises the production in charge of

news and current affairs as shown in hierarchy above.

Followed by the Production In charge news who plan out schedule for the different

current affairs programs with which he plans out daily duties for the anchors ,editors

,camera persons and producers.

4) Marketing and advertisement office

Marketing and advertisement is responsible for the over all advertisement purpose for Avt

Khyber news, advertisements are purchased and all the dealings related to money paid is

done in this office.

5) Senior Producers Office

This office is headed by Mr Arif Qazi who is supervises the overall work of producers. he

mostly deals the entertainment section.

6) IT office

The IT office is headed by a IT professional who manage the over all technical, computer

maintenance, network, server installation, manages Avt Khyber web site and looks after

the DSL connection.

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 7) Finance and account Office

Finance and account offices have the main work of paying the employees their salaries

with making forecast cost for new projects. This office keeps the daily record of how

much expenses have been carried out and how much profit will be expected from the

project under way.

8) Transmission office

In the transmission office the main work is to look at the transmission needs and

requirements and check or the daily work done in the transmission room or cell. if there is

some equipment needed in the cell ,the request is forward to the transmission officer who

then fulfill the request.

Production in charge

The name of the production in charge in Avt Khyber Afsfaq Ahmed.

Production in charge is in charge of all the activities taking place in the newsroom,

production room, NLE, Monitoring, news studio.

He assists the producers as well in his/her daily work. He plans out schedule for their

daily work. Production incharge is accountable and answerable to controller of news and

current affairs.

He also provides every facility with in these departments.

13
3.2 COMMENTS ON THE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

The organizational structure of Avt Khyber is so based that I can see a smooth flow of

information and communication from top level management to lower level.

The organization is headed by chairman Avt group who supervises the whole Avt Khyber

news with his subordinates for his help such as chief executive and chief officer

operations. Then comes the GM technical, planning and AVCOM who do their respective

jobs as the name suggests. CM marketing is incharge of all the marketing work taking

place within and out side the organization.

Then the head of current news and current affairs who is incharge of production incharge

with assignment editor and subeditor working under his supervision. he is the head of

bureau chiefs as well.

Then the production incharge who looks after the shift incharge, assignment editor,

camerapersons, monitoring and anchors.

The organizational structure Where is did my internship is so that Mr. Hasan Khan head

of current news and current affairs leads the team with production incharge below him

whose work has been described above.

Then the assignment editor leads in the newsroom with deputy assignment editor.

The organizational structure is well balanced and as said information from higher level to

low level is communicated very smoothly in an effective way.

14
4. PLAN OF MY INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

BRANCHES WHERE I DID INTERNSHIP

4.1 News room

In first part of my internship I spent about two weeks in the newsroom. The person who

supervised me in newsroom was Mr. Ilyas, Mrs. Rabia and Mr.Tahir khan. In news room

I collected information about how the process of collection and dissemination of news is

carried out. By the grace of Allah I was able to gain knowledge about every process that

is carried out in the newsroom. It is the place where all the news comes in from different

sources such as reporters, correspondents, online, fax, telephone etc The main

constituents of news room are

 Network of computers connected to high speed internet connection.

 Five to ten Televisions set for monitoring news.

 A fax machine for getting news items from different bureaus, reporters and

correspondents.

 Telephone facility for getting calls on fresh news from reporters.

 A team of Anchors.

15
 Fig 4.1

Assignment editor with deputy assignment editor for supporting his/her work governs the

newsroom. Assignment editor and sometimes deputy assignment editor assign the

reporters daily work on different beats. After covering the beats assigned they are sent to

the assignment desk where they are processed by the assignment editor and given final

shape. The news sent by the reporter is edited and correct because the reporter makes on

the spot necessary correction if it has something wrong.

After this process of correction and editing the news item is sent to the composer where

the news is composed on a computer system in a separate file where it gets saved. It is the

case with monitored news, in this process the news is collected from different television

channels where they provide fresh news of importance. The crew on the computer system

notes downs the news being displayed on the monitoring TV sets. They make news story

from them and send it to the assignment editor where he makes necessary correction or

edit it.

The crews working on the computer system are sub editors they themselves make the

news story from different sources that is free of errors and credible. The same news from

monitoring after final look is sent to the composition stage, where its gets composed and

16
saved. News items are also sent through Fax machine from different locations and

bureaus, the fax machine is active 24 hours a day. News items from reporters and

correspondents organizations etc are received on fax machine. The news story or item

received on fax machine is a full story with all the editing done.

The assignment editor checks such story and send it to the composition if it is of value

and importance. It is the case with news items received from telephone calls, but there is

some difference between news attains from telephone call and news attain from other

ways. The news story is on oral foam and the subeditor has to collect news from that

person either reporter or some other source and write it down on a page, afterwards he

corrects and makes the story readable for the audience, he gives it a final shape after

making it based on the rule of Inverted pyramid style of News. The news is composed

and saved as well.

After all this process taking place in newsroom a bundle of news items are collected. The

slug of these news items are obtained and sent to the deputy assignment editor where he

or she selects news based on importance and value.

The news items are then selected and a rundown list is prepared where the news items

are arranged in order of importance such as shown below

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RUNDOWN---------------------------1.00PM----------------------------------APRIL,26,2008

HEADLINES----------------------20------------------------------------VO/VO/VO/VO
1. HAMID KARZAI
2. JUDGES COMMITTEE
3. BAHAUR –PAK-AFGHAN BORDER
4. MANMOHAN SINGH
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HAMID KARZAI
Afghan president asks us not to arrest…………………..30………..…..OC/VO
JUDGES COMMITTEE
Farooq H Niak says committee has finalized proposals
BAHAUR –PAK-AFGHAN BORDER…………………..30………..…..OC/VO
Nasapass opened after successful talks of afghan army, political administration of
bajaur
MANMOHAN SINGH…………………..30………..…..OC/VO
Indian PM during Kashmir visit says next round of Pak –India talks will be fruitful
HANGU SITUATION…………………..30………..…..OC/GFX
ASI, driver killed during police action against kidnappers
HEALTH MINISTER…………………..30………..…..OC/VO
Doctors dinner at Peshawar
PABBI ACCIDENT…………………..90………..…..OC/BEEPER
56 masons injured as their bus plunges into a ditch on GT road
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS…………………..2:00………..…..OC/PKG
Lehaz report
INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE…………………..40………..…..OC/VO
Criticism on obscene shows during the tournament

18
In the newsroom I came across a word being used for ticker news or flash news. Tickers

are the news that runs down at the bottom of screen displayed in text form.

These are commonly called as flash news.

They are in English as well in Pashto.

One of the software is used to run this ticker news called as PGS this is connected to a

network and then directly to the transmission room where it reaches after being added to

it and then refreshed.

From the transmission this news ticker or flash news runs directly.

Different sections are given on the software’s from where we may treat the news as

breaking, regional, business, international news, sports and weather etc

When we click on the check box either business or breaking news it is displayed as

business or breaking news with its own color.

4.2 MONITORING:

In the second stage of my internship program I spent one week in the monitoring

department or section. As the name suggest, it a place where news is constantly

monitored.

News from different sources is monitored and collected on different devices attach such

as TV sets with cable connection on which different foreign and national channels runs.

The news that is monitored and is important to be noted is captured on software, which

saves the footage directly on the computer system. After this VTR is some time used,

VTR is a device, which is called as video tape recorder, which is connected to a computer

system by the help of which news item of importance is recorded and catch in a DV.

19
The monitoring room or section consists of a network of few computers with software’s

installed for capturing news items. A computer system with FTP (File transfer protocol)

software to receive news footages or packages from different sources.

Different news organization or reporters etc sends their footages or coverings on this FTP

system. Mostly the footages captured are sent to the NLE section where they are edited

and made necessary changes so that the footage may look good to the audience.

Also In this section a crew of sub editors who edit the news footages or packages

collected in the monitoring section. In most cases reporters send their packages or

footages on DV, which requires some editing, and correction, which is also carried out, in

this section of monitoring by the sub editors.

The software’s used for editing purposes are:

Adobe Premiere

Adobe Photoshop

U lead.

3D Max. Etc

In this ministering section as I was told that we are registered with Reuters for getting

updated footages of fresh and new events taking place all around the world. Reuters is

paid on monthly basis some amount for providing this facility.

This is one of the biggest sources of getting footages. Footage gets download on the

system where the Reuters have provided them with a system composed of equipments,

and a computer system with its own software through which the file is downloaded and

saved in a file or folder.

20
These footages are then sent to the subeditor network share folder where the sub editor

for editing receives it, as the footage gets edited a Voice over is added on it. The person

who belongs to the reporting crew records the voice over. The Reuters footages also have

a pre made script in English language, which is then converted or translated in to Urdu,

Pashto as in AVT Khyber news case. Then we get the final shape of footage in shape of a

package for displaying it in the news.

This is all what I gone through in the monitoring section.

4.3 NLE (NON LINEAR EDITING)

This is the section that I covered in my third week of internship in Avt Khyber news.

NLE means non-linear editing. A non-linear editing system (NLE) is a video editing

(NLVE) or audio editing (NLAE) system, which can perform random access on the

source material.

Non-linear editing

Non-linear editing for film and television post production is a modern editing method

which involves being able to access any frame in a video clip with the same ease as any

other. This method is similar in concept to the "cut and paste" technique used in film

editing from the beginning. However, when working with film, it is a destructive process,

as the actual film negative must be cut. Non-linear, non-destructive methods began to

appear with the introduction of digital video technology.

Video and audio data are first captured to hard disks or other digital storage devices. The

data is either recorded directly to the storage device or is imported from another source.

Once imported they can be edited on a computer using any of a wide range of software.

In non-linear editing, the original source files are not lost or modified during editing.

Professional editing software records the decisions of the editor in an edit decision list

21
(EDL), which can be interchanged with other editing tools. Many generations and

variations of the original source files can exist without needing to store many different

copies, allowing for very flexible editing. It also makes it easy to change cuts and undo

previous decisions simply by editing the edit decision list (without having to have the

actual film data duplicated). Loss of quality is also avoided due to not having to

repeatedly re-encode the data when different effects are applied.

Compared to the linear method of tape-to-tape editing, non-linear editing offers the

flexibility of film editing, with random access and easy project organization. With the edit

decision lists, the editor can work on low-resolution copies of the video. This makes it

possible to edit both standard-definition broadcast quality and high definition broadcast

quality very quickly on normal PCs which do not have the power to do the full processing

of the huge full-quality high-resolution data in real-time.

The costs of editing systems have dropped such that non-linear editing tools are now

within the reach of home users. Some editing software can now be accessed free as web

applications, some, like Cinelerra (focused on the professional market), can be

downloaded free of charge, and some, like Microsoft's Windows Movie Maker or Apple

Computer's movie, come included with the appropriate operating system.

A computer for non-linear editing of video will usually have a video capture card to

capture analog video and/or a FireWire connection to capture digital video from a DV

camera, with its video editing software. Modern web based editing systems can take

video directly from a camera phone over a GPRS or 3G mobile connection, and editing

can take place through a web browser interface, so strictly speaking a computer for video

editing does not require any installed hardware or software beyond a web browser and an

internet connection.

Various editing tasks can then be performed on the imported video before it is exported to

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another medium, or MPEG encoded for transfer to a DVD.

These equipments are most commonly used in NLE sections

Two VCRs (video tape machines), preferably with AV (audio and video) outputs. If you

don't have AV outputs, you can use the RF (aerial) outputs instead.

Note: If you only have one VCR, you can use a camcorder as the second VCR.

At least one video monitor, but preferably two. Professional monitors are best but you

can use televisions if necessary.

Connecting cables.

The tapes(s) you wish to edit and a blank tape to edit onto (this will become the master

tape).

4.4 NEWS PRODUCTION

In the fourth week of my internship program I worked in the News production section.

This is one of the important sections in a news channel. Production room is the place

where all the news production takes place. This is a task, which must be done with care

and responsibility.

The main constituents of news production are:

 A Producer

 Assistant producer

 An editor

 A text writer also an editor

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  A technical engineer

 Technician

 Electrician

The equipments used in the production room are

 An audio video consol

 A switcher

 VT system

 VDT (video tape recorder)

 Computer system

 Three to four TV sets

The process of the news production starts when the composer prompts the news items.

One printed copy is given to the studio section to the anchor while the other copy is send

to the production room. The producer checks the news and rundown and asks the anchor

to come and sit in the news studio for the recording of news.

The producer takes the rundown and asks the anchor to read the news based on the

rundown in order so that it may be easy for the editor to grab the news items in quick time

on the software such as adobe premiere. The producer through a mike connected to the

anchor guide and tells him what to do and what not.

In the news production the recording starts when the producer calls the anchor on the

mike get ready, the anchor make himself ready after which the producer tell him standby

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and then Cue, with this cue the anchor starts reading out news. The producer through a

device called as console adjusts the audio. Various devices are attached to the console

such as anchor mike headphone, telephone line for beeper or call in between news.

At the start of the news the first take is often a Master shot, in master shot the whole

studio is shown with background effects. This is done by the help of a switcher attach to

the computer system. Followed by the solo shot which is then followed through all the

recording of news. In this time the producer notes down the mistakes and makes

necessary announcements when require to the anchor. If the news read by the anchor goes

wrong the producer as a mistake records it and write it on the page as take.

If there occur a pause it is noted as a pause.

If there occurs repetition of word or sentences he also note it down and if the producers

thinks that the error is not that much harming he forgives re recording and corrects it in

the editing process’s f he things that the mistake or the repetition is brutal he says that

anchor to correct the error in order to be error free during editing and to save time.

The producer told me that time and decision-making is very important thing you must be

following all the time. This is for the fact that at times we don have footage or such report

to be added in detail news we have to then thing what is the first available thing that we

can add to it may be a picture or some map that illustrate the story.

There is constant pressure on the producer in the newsroom because news is poured from

the newsroom and he gets record it in very concise time. In such situation the producer

has to be patient and cool minded to handle such deadlines and pressure. And it is the

case with other mistakes. In this way the news is recorded I the production room.

At times the producer asks the anchor to take a call from a reporter or correspondent on

25
issue or news item that need explanation. This is called as Beeper.

In the case of beeper a wire is plugged in the consol where the voice of the telephone or

beeper is adjusted.

Most important here I may say that the news recording takes place in three steps such as:

OPENING OF NEWS:

In the opening of news the anchor introduces him and welcomes the audience for

watching the news.

Headlines:

In the headline section the anchor read outs all the headlines that are written on three or

four pages.

Break in between news:

A break is taken announcing will meet in a while after a short break.

On camera news:

Then comes the on camera news, in this part of recording news audiences gets the anchor

visual expressions take are being displayed on camera ,the facial expression of anchor his

reading of news ,hand moments, in simple whatever the camera catches from the anchor

is been recorded by the sub editor in the production room. These are simply the short

headlines of the news item after which the details news are made.

Voice over:

In the voice over section of news production the detail of the news is recorded, here it is

26
not necessary to look at the moments or behavior or the anchor on camera, but the actual

thing is the voice and its fluency. It is because that the detail news is voiced over on

footage a map, a happenings, a picture etc

Closing of news:

In the closing of the news the anchor thanks the audiences by saying for thank you for

being with us for this bulletin, and for further news stay with us, keep watching Khyber

news.

TT or simply Title

I came across this word from sub editor when he told me that we use TT when we want to

display our channel id during the news broadcast. Its time duration ranges from 5 to 10

seconds.

The news is made based on two processes such as recorded news and live.

In the recorded segment of news the news is recorded as said above, but in the live

transmission of news the process is a little different the news anchor reads out the news

and it is sent to the transmission section from where its gets broadcast.

The news gets recorded on the VTR in a DV for office and record keeping purpose.

As all of the news gets record on the computer system, then comes the editing process

here we see two people working hands to hands the producer and the editor in the case of

recorded news.

The producer tells the editor how to arrange the news items in order of rundown the

producer can arrange the news based on his own perception of the news as well he can

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arrange the news other then Rundown because if he things this news is more important

then he can tell the editor to add that one.

The producer tells the editor to add either a picture, and image, footage or package; map

may be general or simply a map, a report or such things, which illustrates the news items.

In the headlines mostly small footages or sometimes maps and pictures of event took

place are added, while in the main News the full detailed footages and packages with

beepers are inserted.

In the end the headlines are repeated in some news with the same headlines as earlier.

Beeper:

In the case of a beeper or telephone call live or recorded from a reporter or a politician or

any other person to whom the news story relates is added his/her picture ,with a telephone

set picture with news text at bottom and reporter or anchor picture as shown below.

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TEXT THAT RELATE TO STORY THE REPORTER

DISPLAYED HERE PICTURE IS

DICSPLAYED HERE

WHO GIVES THE

BEEPER OR ON CALL

GIVING DETAIL

A SMALLTELEPHONE

PICTURE, WITH

ANCHOR ON CAMERA
PLACE ISLAMABAD
HERE

OR

FOOTAGE OF PACKAGE

RUNS HERE

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Interaction:

A term used as interaction in which a person other than reporter or anchor meets or

interview the concern person to whom the news item relates asks questions or gets his/her

interview is somewhat different in display from the beeper or telephone call as shown

below.

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TEXT THAT RELATE TO STORY THE PLACE FROM

DISPLAYED HERE WHERE THE

INTERVWEE BELONG

OR EVENT RELATED

ANCHOR OR

INTERWIEWER

PICTURE HERE

FOLLOWED BY PLACE

THE INTERVIEWEE AS

PICTURE HERE
ISLAMABAD ETC

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Some times as the Beeper gets old means that it is recorded two three hours earlier and a

news anchor joins the studio for news the beeper which is taken by the old anchor is

changed in a way that the questions asked by the previous anchor are removed and only

the answers that are given by the reporter or person is taken as beeper.

4.5 NEWS STUDIO:

The news studio is the place where all the news is recorded. This is the place where the

anchor sits on a chair with a table in front for having the props and gets on with the news

reading. The studio consists of the following components such as

Fill light

Cool light

Neck mike

Camera for recording the solo image of anchor

Another camera for taking the master shot at the start of the news.

Teleprompter

Coaxial wires

Plasma screen

A computer system

The news studio walls are covered such material so that the voice don’t get intermingle

with other such voices outside. The walls and the adjacent areas are covered with black

coating to get a good amount of light on the camera.

The operation in the studio is simple as the anchor reads the news from the teleprompter

and its gets recorded in the production room by the help of a camera, the camera is

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operated by the camera man the whole equipments in the studio are connected to

production room through coaxial wires.

4.5 TRANSIMISSION CELL

In the transmission cell the main work is to air the news or programs. There is a crew

compromising of technical personals and a transmission engineer who looks after the

whole transmission process. News and programs are saved either in a DV or shared ion a

network drive which makes them easy for the transmission cell to collect them and air

them though he system that is installed in the transmission room. The transmitter in this

room do all this work of transmitting the signals where it reaches the place where it is

collected and then again transmitted through cables line or satellite connection.

4.6 STARTING AND ENDING DATES OF INTERNSHIP

I started my internship report on 21may, 2008 up to 21july, 2008.

6.7 DEPARTMENT WHERE YOU GET TRANINIG

???????????????

5. ASSIGNED PROJECTS

5.1 Production of news:

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In the news production I worked in the night shift. I was allowed to record and produce

news after one week training in the production section.

 I started working as a internee producer and worked well by the grace of Allah

 I followed the same process as was followed by the senior producers.

 I worked so well that I was asked to do the production of news in night shift with

full trust.

 For the production I made a template for noting mistakes in the news.

 As given below in the recommendation section.

5.2 News writing:

In the internship process I worked as writing news for the newsroom, the assignment

editor assigned this work to me. In this part of my internship program I got training in this

regard. After training from the senior personnel in the newsroom. By the grace of Allah

and hard work of the senior personal I was able to write news in the first attempt.

As I studied in my course work that news must be short, objective and based on the

inverted pyramid rule of writing, the same I was told here by the senior news writers. The

news story is based on three main parts including:

Slug

Lead or intro

Body

And ending

The news story on a page must be having a dateline as well byline written to specify who

actually wrote it.

In the news writing part of my internship I write Pashto news and English flash news

single line or in short form.

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The samples of the work done in English and Pashto news are attached below.

NANGARHAR:

Police and US led coalition forces attacked militants planting a roadside bomb in eastern

Afghanistan, killing one insurgent but also two civilians.

Police fatally shot one suspect shortly before midnight Sunday and gave chase to the

others in khogyani district of nangarhat.

A helicopter from the US led coalition fired at militants, but also hit a house in a village,

killing a man and a young child.

Abdul mahmood, a senior provincial police official said one militant and two civilians

were dead in the incident. END

CONDILIZA RICE:

The US secretary of state, Condoleezza rice has termed the treats of afghan president

hamid karzai to pursue militants across the border into Pakistan as unwise.In an interview

in Washington, she called for cooperative efforts between the two countries against

militancy.

She reiterated support to the news Pakistan government and assured to continue to extend

cooperation to it.

The US secretary of state appreciated Pakistan role in the fight against terrorism.

Answering to media persons, she acknowledged that an independent judiciary is

important to democracy but said it is best that the issue of judiciary is worked out

between Pakistanis (cont)

ALJAZEERA:

A senior cameraperson of aljazeera television network has been released from

35
Guantanamo bae after six years.

He was arrested by the US led coalition forces from Afghanistan without any charge and

sent to local jail from where he was sent to Guantanamo bae.

I am very happy after my release: said Ullah”

Al jazeera television network celebrates on the release of Ullah.

KOHAT:

In kohat, the Taliban and local cable operators have reached a deal under which the cable

operators would be allowed to run their business but would only air news programmes.

According to the deal, the cable operators will not be allowed to dun any channel other

than those only airing news programmes END

TIRAH:

Fighting continued between two rival groups in tirah valley of Khyber agency on the third

day today.

Seven more people have been killed and nine others injured in fresh clashes, which has

raised the death toll in these clashes to forty.

These clashes are continuing between the lashkar e Islam and ansarul Islam groups.

Both sides are using heavy weapons against each others. END

I also worked on the tickers or flash news system I worked with Mr. Tahir khan who is

also a employee of BBC, NNI, he really worked hard on me to get to the practical

knowledge about how to write news in the form of tickers.

I observed his work on daily basis and after some time he proposed me to write ticker in

his supervision, which I did well, some examples of the news tickers that I made during

my internship program are

36
1. Peshawar: 22 killed, 45 injured in a road accident.

2. Mardan: Bomb Blast kills 5 on the spot including ASI.

3. Mardan: blood is needed in hospitals.

4. Nawaz and Zardai to meet in raiwand for talks on restoration of judges.

5. Peshawar: An unidentified gunman kills 4 member of a family including 2 children’s.

6. Kurrum: Tori tribe releases 44 abducted FC personals

7. Kurrum; the release came immediately after talks with members of tori tribe.

8. Peshawar: Provincial Govt. releases Sufi Mohammad supreme head of TNSM.

9. Maulana Fazal Ullah has asked his followers to respect swat peace agreement with the

NWFP government.

10 .US- led coalition forces have killed 55 militants, including three top leaders, in the

eastern paktika province of Afghanistan.etc

5.3 EDITING AND SUBEDITING:

In the training part of internship I also worked to edit the news in the newsroom. News

was written down by the news writers and was send to me for correction purpose.

I checked the news on correctness, accuracy, spelling mistakes, and objectivity.

If there were some mistake in the tense form of the news such as some news were ended

in past tense, which I corrected and changed them in to present form.

Such cases were very less but few of them that I noted were corrected immediately.

Here I also got training in on the different software’s used for editing purposes I learnt

about Photoshop and adobe premiere. I have learnt all the things related to news editing in

this period of time. I learn how to grab Adv on the system, how to cut and add different

things on the footage. How to edit a picture, map etc.

How to split the audio and video content.

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How to change the audio video format.

How to add voice over and many such other things that will help me in the future life in

any news channel.

All these I learnt and did as ii was told.

Mr. sajjad and Mr.Khalid editors Avt Khyber news with whom I learnt Photoshop, adobe

premiere editing software’s helped me a lot to know how to edit News.

I worked on a footage being downloaded in the monitoring room, which I was told to edit

and add voice over of the person. I grab the DV with the help of adobe premiere software

which then saved in to the software after which unlink the audio and video by left

clicking the mouse button on the footage.

The next stage was of cutting which I did with ctrl + k, with this the extra parts with in

the footages were cut and the footage was then Ripple deleted due to which the remaining

parts get attach.

I added the voice of the person who recorded the voice for this footage on to the video

.the most important thing was that I have to put add footage clip on to the words and

sentence the person or anchor is speaking, so that the video and audio matches. This was

very mind teasing task because it requires well judgment. After the addition of the voice

on the footage the file format was changed. I saved the file on the system and then take a

copy of it on the DV.

38
NEWS MONITORING:

In the further stage of training and internship program’s I worked in the monitoring

section. In monitoring section I worked on the FTP system where different reporters from

different areas sent different footages. Different news channels also sent many times

some important news reports. I would look at the news coming in the FTP and save them

in the system. After which I would share on the network for editing or voice over

purpose. The files would then used in the news.

REPORTING:

In the reporting part of my internship Mr. Saleem who is working as a reporter in Avt

Khyber news with good field experience supervised me. He told me about how to report

in different situation. As most of the reporting was to be recorded and then edited and

forwarded to the news room and then production room for airing. I reported an event,

which took place at melody G6 Islamabad on 27th of June in which a group of protesters

were demanding the OIC summit to end the Firka wariat in the Muslim countries. We

covered the whole event and move with the protest. I note down the main demands of the

protesters on a page at least I came up a full-fledged story and on the other hand thee

whole cameraman recorded protest with me. I noted the sum of people gathered for the

protest with the demands and personalities who took part in the reporting process. Once

we covered the whole protest we came back from the site and edited the protest in the

NLE room as the text that I collected was changed in to a story type and then it was

voiced over on the footages that we captured on camera, unnecessary parts and acts were

removed and a perfect objective, complete, and correct story was made. It was then

transferred to the newsroom after acceptance it was sent to the production room from

where it was included in the news bulletin.

39
In this way I worked as a reporter in Avt Khyber news.

VOICE OVER AND VOICE OVER WRITING:

During my internship period I was told to write the voice over for particular news, which

I did and then I was told to voice over it in studio. For this I practiced few minutes and

then told the assignment editor and anchor I am ready for it. After getting in to the studio

I sit on the chair and attach a neck mike and headphone for getting and sending voice to

the production room. I was told to get ready as the producer announced standby I get

ready and then he said Cut with this I start reading the voice over text. I read it all in a

smooth way so that it may fit the news footage. My voice over gets recorded on the

editors system in to adobe premiere software after which it was added to news. This was

1 AM News.

40
5. OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS:

As I entered Avt Khyber for the first time, which was my first day, I observed the

organization as a professional environment for working. I was welcomed by the members

of Avt Khyber news and they told me you wouldn’t have any problem in Avt Khyber

News, enjoy your stay with us.

This really helped me in getting to the environment of the organization. As the time

passed I met with almost all the peoples working with in the organization I was also

welcome by them. I found each and every member of the organization friendly and

cooperative. When ever and what ever I asked from any one they briefed me very well

and make me understood on each and everything taking place in the organization.

From GM current news and current affairs to composer and PA I get full support and

appreciation, every one helped me out when ever I felt difficulty.

Avt Khyber News is an organsiation, the members of which are hard working and

professional in their field. They know about how to compete and be successful in the

boom of media competition. They work day and night for their audiences through out the

country and out side Pakistan. I observed that there is no boss and subordinate within the

organization. Every one share their work with other one and if any one feels difficulty or

have any good point or want the other person to write the news story for him if he is busy

in some other work he /she is fully welcomed. I felt the organization a perfect place to

learn and get knowledge about the media world in practical. I find out that the way the

sections and individual of the organization communicate is well balanced and is well

controlled.

This not only enables a smooth flow of information but also helps the communication

process very quick to take place between them. Every person in the organization is at

41
every time busy in doing his work. You wouldn’t find any one spare. The environment is

relax and easy to fee with no pressure. Every one works in relax mood happily and

positively.

7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FORIMPROVEMET

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I had worked for two months in various departments of Avt Khyber news. By the grace of

Allah and hard work of my supervisor and other persons I have learnt a lot of things

related to the field of media. I am now able to make news items in Pashto, Urdu and

English, I am very thankful to the virtual university management and staff for giving me

such high quality education, which enables made me feel easy in practical environment.

Now as I have the practical experience of the media sector and its operations, so I can

apply for the relevant jobs without hesitation.

During the internship period I came across some recommendation which I think can and

will improve the overall performance of the employees with in the organization that is the

different sections of the organization shave to develop a fast mechanism of treating,

capturing and editing of news. I recommend every one to be on his toes because at times

Avt Khyber News got breaking news first but due to little wastage of time the other

channel would aired that news within a little span of time winning the perception of the

audiences for their organization.

During my internship period I recommend the production incharge to make a format for

the producers on which they will note down the order of the news, with Takes.

I told the production incharge that the format would help the producers to just click a tick

on correct OC and VO. He really appreciated my observations and told me that I have

approved this format and now we will follow this one to have less wastage of time in

writing the numbers and drawing lines

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The format which I made for the Avt Khyber production room is given below

Time of News: Date of News:

S/NO NEWS OC VO TAKES

1 1. 2.

3. 4.

2 1. 2.

3. 4.

3 1. 2.

3. 4.

4 1. 2.

3. 4.

5 1. 2.

3. 4.

6 1. 2.

3. 4.

7 1. 2.

3. 4.

8 1. 2.

3. 4.

9 1. 2.

3. 4.

10 1. 2.

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 3. 4.

11 1. 2.

3. 4.

Producer Name:……………….. NLE:……………………

In conclusion I would like to say that Avt Khyber news is full fledged channel providing

its wide spread audience News, information and updates on current situation in form of

current affairs.

It is a prefect organization for a professional to work with in. I found it very brilliant

place to learn and get knowledge in a very short span of time, I don’t say that I have learn

all the things and got all the knowledge but Avt Khyber News provided me with the plate

foam from where I may choose any career for my future.

I am very thankful to all the management and staff members of Avt Khyber news for

providing me with this facility of doing internship in their esteemed organization.

8. RESOURCES AND SOURCES UDES

1. Www. Avt khyber.com

2. Google.com

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