b¸o c¸o thùc hµnh

Kh¶o s¸t ®o¹n m¹ch ®iÖn cã r, l, c m¾c nèi tiÕp

Líp 12A1
Thµnh viªn trong nhãm:
1 – Lª §×nh Long
2 – Bïi ThÞ Oanh
3 – NguyÔn ThÞ DiÔm My
4 – Hµ Sü Nguyªn
5 – L¬ng Thu Trang
6 – NguyÔn Quúnh Giang
7 – NguyÔn Hoµng Long
 I. Môc ®Ých:
 HiÓu ®îc 2 ph¬ng ¸n kh¶o s¸t m¹ch xoay chiÒu b»ng thùc nghiÖm, hiÓu ý nghÜa
thùc tÕ cña nh÷ng ®¹i lîng c¬ b¶n lµ trë kh¸ng, sù lÖch pha, hiÖn tîng céng hëng ®iÖn.
 Dïng ®îc giao ®éng ký ®iÖn tö, m¸y ph¸t ©m tÇn vµ c¸c dông vô ®o th«ng thêng
®Ó lµm thùc nghiÖm, liªn hÖ gi÷a c¸c phÐp ®o cô thÓ víi viÖc gi¶n ®å Fre - nen.
 B»ng thùc nghiÖm, cñng cè kiÕn thøc vÒ giao ®éng ®iÖn tõ, kü n¨ng lùa chän
ph¬ng ¸n thÝ nghiÖm vµ sö dông dông cô ®o.
II. C¬ së lÝ thuyÕt:
 T¸c dông ®Æc biÖt cña tô ®iÖn vµ cuén c¶m trong m¹ch ®iÖn xoay chiÒu kh¸c
víi trong m¹ch ®iÖn mét chiÒu. ý nghÜa cña trë kh¸ng.
 C«ng thøc tÝnh trë kh¸ng, tæng trë vµ ®é lÖch pha cña m¹ch ®iÖn xoay chiÒu:
2 1
1  1   L    
Zc = ; Zl =  L ; Z = R      L      ; tan =
2
C
C  C  R
 §iÒu kiÖn céng hëng trong m¹ch dao ®éng ®iÖn:
1 
 L  
C
Khi céng hëng, biªn ®é dao ®éng ®¹t gi¸ trÞ cùc ®¹i. Gi¸ trÞ cùc ®¹i phô thuéc
vµo ®é lín ®iÖn trë thuÇn R trong m¹ch.
 BiÓu diÔn c¸c ®¹i lîng b»ng gi¶n ®å Fre - nen.
III. Ph¬ng ¸n thÝ nghiÖm: Dïng V«n kÕ vµ ampe kÕ xoay
CHIÒU §Ó KH¶O S¸T §ÞNH L¦îNG :
 Dông cô thÝ nghiÖm:
- Mét tô ®iÖn cì 10 F.
- Mét cuén c¶m cì 0,5 H cã ®iÖn trë thuÇn cì 20  .
- Mét ampe kÕ xoay chiÒu.
- Mét V«n kÕ xoay chiÒu.
- Mét nguån xoay chiÒu 50 Hz - 24V cã ®iÒu chØnh.
- Mét ng¾t ®iÖn ®¬n.
 TiÕn tr×nh thÝ nghiÖm:
- Bíc 1 : KiÓm tra c¸c dông cô, m¾c m¹ch ®iÖn theo s¬ ®å

- Bíc 2 : §iÒu chØnh nguån ®iÖn cã ®iÖn ¸p U1 tuú chän. Dïng v«n kÕ ®o lÇn lît
c¸c ®iÖn ¸p ë c¸c dông cô ...
 - Bíc 3 :
+ LÆp l¹i hai lÇn n÷a víi ®iÖn ¸p U2, U3 nguån råi ®o nh trªn.
+ Ghi sè liÖu vµo b¶ng.
- Bíc 4 :
+ TÝnh c¸c trë kh¸ng ZL, ZC, Z toµn m¹ch. + T×m gi¸ trÞ thÝch hîp cña tô C ®Ó cã tr¹ng
th¸i céng hëng. + Minh ho¹ b»ng gi¶n ®å Fre - nen.
IV. KÕt qu¶ thÝ nghiÖm:

LÇn ®o I URLC UR UC UL-r UL

(mA) (V) (V) (V) (V) (V)
Víi nguån U1

Víi nguån U1

Víi nguån U3

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................