SUG514 - Hydrographic Surveying - SUG514 - Assignment 4 - WGS84 To Cassini - Soldner Coordinate Transformation

MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING (SUG514) Coordinates Conversion, Datum Transformation, Map Projection
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.0 WGS 84 COORDINATE SYSTEM TO UTM COORDINATE SYSTEM CONVERSION
1.1 What is WGS 84 Coordinates System?

It is currently the reference system being used by the Global Positioning System. It is geocentric and
globally consistent within ±1 m. It comprises a
standard coordinate frame for the Earth, a standard
spheroidal reference surface (the datum or reference
Figure:
ellipsoid) for raw altitude data, and a gravitational
The WGS
equipotential surface (the geoid) that defines the 84
nominal sea level. The coordinate origin of WGS 84 is Coordinate
System
meant to be located at the Earth's center of mass; the
Definition
error is believed to be less than 2 cm.
Figure: The WGS 84

Ellipsoidal Parameters
(Peter H. Dana 9/1/94)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 1 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: The Reference

Ellipsoid for Malaysia
Parameters
1.2 What is UTM Coordinate System?

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system is a grid-based method of specifying
locations on the surface of the Earth that is a practical application of a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate
system. It is a horizontal position representation, i.e. it is used to identify locations on the earth
independently of vertical position, but differs from the traditional method of latitude and longitude in
several respects.
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate systems use a metric-based cartesian grid laid out
on a conformally projected surface to locate positions on the surface of the Earth. The UTM system is not
a single map projection. The system instead employs a series of sixty zones, each of which is based on a
specifically defined secant transverse Mercator projection. Currently, the WGS84 ellipsoid is used as the
underlying model of Earth in the UTM coordinate system.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 2 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: Malaysia is located in

UTM 47 and 48 zone
1.3 Geographical and Cartesian Coordinates

Three-dimensional geographical coordinates can be defined with respect to an ellipsoid as follows:
Latitude: the angle north or south from the equatorial plane
Longitude: the angle east or west from the prime meridian
Height: the distance above the surface of the ellipsoid.
A set of cartesian coordinates is defined with the three axes at the origin at the center of the ellipsoid,
such that:
Z-axis: is aligned with the minor (or polar) axis of the ellipsoid
X-axis: is in the equatorial plane and aligned with the prime meridian
Y-axis: forms a right-handed system
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In this regard, positions in geographical coordinates of latitude, longitude and height (Φ, λ, h) can be
converted into cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z) and vice-versa.
Figure: Geodetic Latitude, Longitude, and HeightEarth Figure: Earth Centered, Earth Fixed X, Y, and Z
1.4 Conversion between Geographical Coordinates and Cartesian Coordinates

The conversion of three-dimensional coordinates from geographical to cartesian or vice versa can be
carried out through the knowledge of the parameters of an adopted reference ellipsoid. The forward
conversion from geodetic coordinates (Φ, λ, h) to cartesian coordinate ( X ,Y, Z ) is as follows:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 4 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: Relationship between

Geographical Coordinates and
Cartesian Coordinates
The Non – iterative reverse conversion from Cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z) to geodetic coordinates (Φ,
λ, h) is as follows:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 5 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: Example of Conversion

Between Geographical Coordinate
and ECEF Cartesian Coordinate
2.0 WGS 84 TO MRT 68 DATUM TRANSFORMATION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 6 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Datum transformation is a computational process of converting a position given in one coordinate

reference system into the corresponding position in another coordinate reference system. It requires and
uses the parameters of the transformation and the ellipsoids associated with the source and target
coordinate reference systems.
2.1 Bursa – Wolf Datum Transformation Formulae

Bursa-Wolf formulae is a seven-parameter model for transforming three-dimensional cartesian
coordinates between two datums. This transformation model is more suitable for satellite datums on a
global scale (Krakwisky and Thomson, 1974). The transformation involves three geocentric datum shift
parameters (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ), three rotation elements (RX, RY, RZ ) and a scale factor (1+ΔL ).
The model in its matrix-vector form could be written as ( Burford 1985):
Figure: Bursa – Wolf 7 Parameters

Transformation
3.0 MRT 68 TO RSO MAP PROJECTION

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 7 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Typically, there are many different methods for projecting longitude and latitude in coordinate reference
system 1 onto a flat map in the same system:
The rectified skew orthomorphic (RSO) is an oblique Mercator projection developed by Hotine in 1947
(Snyder, 1984). This projection is orthomorphic (conformal) and cylindrical. All meridians and parallel are
complex curves. Scale is approximately 21 true along a chosen central line (exactly true along a great
circle in its spherical form). It is thus a suitable projection for an area like Switzerland, Italy, New Zealand,
Madagascar and Malaysia as well. The RSO provides an optimum solution in the sense of minimizing
distortion whilst remaining conformal for Malaysia.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 8 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: Hotine, 1947 (Snyder, 1984), Oblique Mercator (Source: EPSG)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 9 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.1 MRT 68 to RSO (MRSO & BRSO) Map Projection
Figure: MRSO and BRSO Constant Projection Parameters
The Projection formulae are as follows;
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 10 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 11 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure: Example of Conversion Between MRT 68 to MRSO and BT 68 to BRSO
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 12 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.0 MRSO TO STATE CASSINI – COLDNER MAP PROJECTION
A transverse cylinder is projected onto the globe conceptually, and is tangent along the central meridian.
Cassini is analogous to the Equirectangular projection in the same way that the Transverse Mercator is to
the Mercator projection. This projection may also be referred to as the Cassini Soldner, since ArcView
actually uses the formulae based on the more accurate ellipsoidal version developed in the 19th Century.
There are nine state origins used in the coordinate projection in the cadastral system of Peninsular
Malaysia. The Cassini-Soldner map projection has been used for over one hundred years and shall
continue to be used for cadastral surveys in the new geodetic frame.
The mapping equations are as given in Richardus and Adler, 1974 and the formulas to derive projected
Easting and Northing coordinate are as follows:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 13 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 14 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 15 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The old Cassini Soldner Coordinate Origin for each state
4.1 MRSO CASSINI – SOLDNER Map Projection

The relationship between MRSO coordinate and the Cassini Solder is defined by a series of polynomial
function which make use of the coordinate of the origin of both projections for each state in Peninsular
Malaysia. The following are the formulae used:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 16 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
All the values of the coordinates must be in unit chains (use 0.11678249 as the multiplying factor to
convert from metres.)
5.0 COORDINATE CONVERSION SOFTWARE 1
WGS 84 Coordinate: 3d 3’ 56.49” Northing and 101d 30’ 17.92” Easting

Location: Top of the SAAS Tower, UiTM Shah Alam
Software: Franson CoordTrans Version 2.3 (WGS 84 to MRT 68) and GDTS Version 4.01 (MRT 68 to
MRSO, MRSO to State Cassini – Soldner)
5.1 WGS 84 TO MRT 48 – Franson CoordTrans Version 2.3
1. Select the “Longitude / Latitude” for WGS 84.

2. Select the Datum “WGS84”
3. Choose the option for “DMS” and Insert the coordinate in the Degree, Minutes, Seconds, East for Longitude
and Degree Minutes, Seconds, North for Latitude. And Altitude if available. (E.g. 3d 3’ 56.49” Northing and
101d 30’ 17.92” Easting)
4. Since the both were geocentric coordinates, select the “Longitude / Latitude” for MRT48.
5. Select the Datum “Kertau” which is origin of MRT48 that referred to the Modified Everest ellipsoid.
6. Click the “Next” button to convert
7._________________________________________________________________________________________________________
And the result of conversion would appear. (3d 3’ 57.147” Northing, 101d 30’ 23.069” Easting)
Page 17 of 23
8. The black point shows the position of location before conversion and the red point shows the position of
location after the conversion.
9. User also can view the position in Google Maps for a clearer view

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 18 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.2 MRT 68 TO MRSO – GDTS Version 4.01
1. Select the “Peninsular Malaysia” for MRSO conversion in the Main Modules.
2. Select the “Map Projection” since the MRSO is the map projection for the MRT48.
3. Select the number 5. MRT48 to MRSO(Old). “Old” here means the old MRSO since there
was a new geocentric MRSO referred to the GDM2000.
4. Insert the Station Name for the position. (E.g. Station 1)
5. Insert the Latitude in degree, minutes, seconds (E.g. 3d 3’ 57.147”)
6. Insert the Longitude in degree, minutes, seconds (E.g. 101d 30’ 23.069”)
7. Click “Transform” to convert or “Reset” to reset the Latitude and Longitude column back to
zero.
8. The result would appear. (339327.910 Northing, 390025.506 Easting)
9. Choose either to “Save” or print out the result.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 19 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.3 MRSO TO STATE CASSINI-SOLDNER – GDTS Version 4.01
1. Select the number 7. MRSO(Old) to Cassini – Soldner (Old). “Old” here means the old Cassini
before the new geocentric Cassini that referred to the GDM2000.
2. Select the State Selection for the number 12. Selangor and Kuala Lumpur.
3. Insert the Station Name for the position. (E.g. Station 1)
4. Insert the Northing (E.g. 339327.910)
5. Insert the Easting (E.g. 390025.506)
6. Click “Transform” to convert or “Reset” to reset the Latitude and Longitude column back to zero.
7. The result would appear. ( -11981.973 Northing, -21962.414 Easting)
8. Choose either to “Save” or print out the result.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 20 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.0 COORDINATE CONVERSION SOFTWARE 2
WGS 84 Coordinate: 3d 3’ 56.49” Northing and 101d 30’ 17.92” Easting

Location: Top of the SAAS Tower, UiTM Shah Alam
Software: GPCAS Version 1.02 (WGS 84 to State Cassini – Soldner)
6.1 WGS 84 TO STATE CASSINI – SOLDNER
1. Select the “GPS (WGS84) System to Cassini System” for the conversion.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 21 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Select the Output unit for Metres.

3. Select the State for Selangor.
4. Insert the Latitude in the degree, minutes, seconds (E.g. 3d 3’ 56.49”)
5. Insert the Longitude in the degree, minutes, seconds (E.g. 101d 30’ 17.92”)
6. Insert the ellipsoidal height if available or leave it blank if not available.
7. Click the button “Compute” to make the conversion.
8. And the result would appear (-11982.179 Northing, -21962.294 Easting)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 22 of 23

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SOFTWARE
WGS 84 – MRT 68 – MRSO – STATE CASSINI – SOLDNER = -11981.973 N -21962.414 E

WGS 84 – STATE CASSINI SOLDNER = -11982.179 N -21962.294 E
Differences = 0.206 M 0.120 M
7.0 REFERENCES
1. Pekeliling Ketua Pengarah Ukur Dan Pemetaan Bilangan 3 2009 - Garis Panduan Mengenai
Penukaran Koordinat, Transformasi Datum dan Unjuran Peta Untuk Tujuan Ukur Dan Pemetaan.
2. A Technical Manual on the Geocentric Datum of Malaysia (GDM2000), Department of Survey and
Mapping Malaysia, August 2003.
3. "Geodetic Datum Presentation", Prof. Madya Dr. Khairul Anuar bin Abdullah, UTM
khairul@fksg.utm.my
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 23 of 23

SUG514 - Hydrographic Surveying - SUG514 - Assignment 4 - WGS84 To Cassini - Soldner Coordinate Transformation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

SUG514 - Hydrographic Surveying - SUG514 - Assignment 4 - WGS84 To Cassini - Soldner Coordinate Transformation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

1.0 WGS 84 COORDINATE SYSTEM TO UTM COORDINATE SYSTEM CONVERSION

1.1 What is WGS 84 Coordinates System?

Figure: The WGS 84

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Figure: The Reference

1.2 What is UTM Coordinate System?

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Figure: Malaysia is located in

1.3 Geographical and Cartesian Coordinates

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

1.4 Conversion between Geographical Coordinates and Cartesian Coordinates

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Figure: Relationship between

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Figure: Example of Conversion

2.0 WGS 84 TO MRT 68 DATUM TRANSFORMATION

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Datum transformation is a computational process of converting a position given in one coordinate

2.1 Bursa – Wolf Datum Transformation Formulae

The model in its matrix-vector form could be written as ( Burford 1985):

Figure: Bursa – Wolf 7 Parameters

3.0 MRT 68 TO RSO MAP PROJECTION

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Figure: Hotine, 1947 (Snyder, 1984), Oblique Mercator (Source: EPSG)

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

3.1 MRT 68 to RSO (MRSO & BRSO) Map Projection

Figure: MRSO and BRSO Constant Projection Parameters

The Projection formulae are as follows;

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

Figure: Example of Conversion Between MRT 68 to MRSO and BT 68 to BRSO

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

4.0 MRSO TO STATE CASSINI – COLDNER MAP PROJECTION

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

The old Cassini Soldner Coordinate Origin for each state

4.1 MRSO CASSINI – SOLDNER Map Projection

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

5.0 COORDINATE CONVERSION SOFTWARE 1

WGS 84 Coordinate: 3d 3’ 56.49” Northing and 101d 30’ 17.92” Easting

5.1 WGS 84 TO MRT 48 – Franson CoordTrans Version 2.3

1. Select the “Longitude / Latitude” for WGS 84.

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

5.2 MRT 68 TO MRSO – GDTS Version 4.01

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

5.3 MRSO TO STATE CASSINI-SOLDNER – GDTS Version 4.01

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

6.0 COORDINATE CONVERSION SOFTWARE 2

WGS 84 Coordinate: 3d 3’ 56.49” Northing and 101d 30’ 17.92” Easting

6.1 WGS 84 TO STATE CASSINI – SOLDNER

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

2. Select the Output unit for Metres.

BACHELOR OF GEOMATIC AND SURVEYING SCIENCE (AP220) ASSIGNMENT 4

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SOFTWARE

WGS 84 – MRT 68 – MRSO – STATE CASSINI – SOLDNER = -11981.973 N -21962.414 E

You might also like