TYPES OF LOADS IN STRUCTURES

Prepared by

1. Anmar Hisham Ali Al-Hanawi 423104825

2. Abdulaziz Al-sheri 424101567

3. Abdulelelah M. Abu-Shaatat 424101577

Supervised by: Dr. Shehab Mourad

Structural Loads
A load may be defined as a force tending to effect and produce
deformations, stresses or displacements in the structure.
Types of Loads in Structures
ΠDead loads.
ΠLive loads.
ΠDynamic loads.
ΠWind loads.
ΠEarthquake loads.
ΠSnow loads.
 Dead Loads
ΠWeight of the structure.
ΠFloors, Beams, Roofs.
Œ Loads that are “always there”
 Live Loads
ΠLoads that may move or
change mass or weight: for
example: People, furniture,
equipment.

ΠMinimum design loadings

are usually specified in the
building codes.
 Example of Live Load

Ballroom Live Load = 100 N/mm^2

 Dynamic Loads

ΠMoving loads (e.g. traffic)

ΠImpact loads
ΠGusts of wind
ΠLoads due to cycling machinery
 Load Example - water in a dam

Water,
ρ = density

P = ρgh
 Earthquake Loads
ΠStructure loaded when base is shaken.
ΠResponse of structure is dependent on the
frequency of motion. Gravity Load

Lateral
Load
Wind load

Uniformly
increasing
Load
Snow load

Lateral
Load
Seismic
load
 Wind Loads
The amount of wind load is dependent on the
following:
• Geographical location,
• The height of structure,
• Type of surrounding physical environment,
• The shape of structure,
• Size of the building.
 Snow Loads
The amount of snow load on a roof structure
is dependent on a variety of factors:
• Roof geometry,
• Size of the structure,
• Insulation of the structure,
• Wind frequency,
• Snow duration,
• Geographical location of the structure.
 Loads Acting in Structures

Vertical: Gravity Lateral: Wind, Earthquake

 Global Stability

Sliding Overturning
Forces in Structural Elements
100
lb

100
lb

Tension Compression
Forces in Structural Elements

100
lb

Bending

Torsion
Typical Structural Systems

Arch
 Typical Structural Systems

Truss
C

T
C C

Forces in Truss Members

Typical Structural Systems

Frame
Typical Structural Systems

Force

Displacement
Beam
Types of Structural Elements - Beams
Loads

Compression

Tension
 Force Transfer from Beams to Supports

Force, P

2/3 P
1/3 L 2/3 L

1/3 P
Span, L
 Force Transfer Example - Bridge

8,000 lb 32,000 lb

15 ft 45 ft

30 ft 30 ft

L = 60 ft

22,000 lb 18,000 lb
 Load Representation
Concentrated Load (Point Load) Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)

wL
w
P

Uniformly Increasing Load Area Load

w
wL/2
w

1/3L 1/3L 1/3L