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CAC BAI THI TOAN QUOC GIA VIET NAM (Tir nam 1962 dén 2005) © Copyright 2005 By Ha Duy Hung and www.ddtoanhoe.net IDA LOL Mue dich cita tai ligu nhd nay 1a gidi thigu tdi ring rai cae ban, dac bigt 1a cae ban hge sinh phé thong tat cd ede dé thi Toan que gia Viet Nam, thuge bing A. Tai ligu nay duge gitt bin quyén boi www.ddroanhoc.net! ki thi chon hoc sinh gidi Tosin to’n quéc nhim chon nhiing hoe sinh gidi Toan 6p 10 (nay 18 16p 12) duge 16 chite hing nam lan dau tién va0 nam hoc 1961-1962 (trit nam 1973 ching ta khong t6 chite ki thi), Thue t€ cde nam tir 1962 dén nam 1975 ki thi chi duge dién ra6 mién Bic (goi ld ki thi chon hoc sinh gidi Todn ton ‘mién Bac), Sau ngay giai phng hodn toan mién Nam thong nhat 6 qude ki thi méi duge t6 chite trong pham vi toin qué. Tir lan thi thé nbait dén Kain thi thét tim Ki thi duge t6 chife trong mot ng hai gian i thi méi duge dé cap dén cdc phan mon ciia Ton hoe so clip nhut: Sd’ hoc, Ta hap, Dé thi Dai 80. Gidi tich, Luong gidc, Hinh hoe phiing va Hinh hoc khong gian. Tir nam 1974 chodén nay dya tren két qua cliacéc ki thi Todn quée gia hangnam chiing ta da tuyén chon mt s6 hoe sinh dat diém cao tham gia cudc thi chon doi tuyén Toan quée gia di thi Todn quée t€ (IMO) va da dat duge nhiéu thanh tich vang do "Tic gid xin cfm on ban quan tri mang www.ddoanhoe.net A gidi thigu t8i ligu may ti cacban doc °C6 tham Khao. th cudn sdch "Cac bai thi hoc sinh gidi Todn PITH toan quéc (tit ndm 1962 dén 1991)" clia tic gia Le Hai Chau, do nha xuat ban Gido duc ain hanh nam 1994 Ha Duy Hing Cée bai thi Todn quée gia Vier Nam bing A 3 Loi ngo téi cdc ban Tai ligu nay duge viet dura trén nhigu ti ligu tham khao khée nbau va trén thyc chi cé khoang 10 dé thi dé lai day cdc dé thi méi duge ching toi tham Khao truc tigp tit dé thi do BO Gido duc va Dao tao din hinh, Vi vay fai ligu nay khong thé ‘tranh duge nhiing sai s6t va thigu sét. Téc gid rat mong nhan durge nhiing chinh stra tir phia cdc ban. Ben canh d6, ching t6i ciing dang e6 ging suu tap thong tin xung quanh két qua va dip dn (tirnam 1991 tré'vé day) ciia timg cude thi. Vi vay bat ki dong ghop no vé diéu nay ching t6i déu rat hoan nghénh vi dén nha, Moi lién lac xin duge agiti vé dia chi email: pluricomplex-amath@yahoo.com Ha Noi nhiimgngy cudi dong 2005 Ha Duy Hung Muc luc 1 Cac bai thi Toan quéc gia Vigt Nam, bing A 6 1.1 Nam 1962 1.2 Nam 1963 1.3 Nam 1964 1.4 Nam 1965 1.5 Nam 1966 1.6 Nam 1967 1.7 Nam 1968 1.8 Nam 1969 1.9 Nam 1970 1.10 Nam 1971 1.1L Nam 1972 1.12 Nam 1973 1.13 Nam 1974 1.14 Nam 1975 1.15 Nam 1976 1.16 Nam 1977 1.17 Nam 1978 1.18 Nam 1979 1.19 Nam 1980 1.20 Nam 1981 1.21 Nam 1982 1.22 Nam 1983 1.23 Nam 1984 LéC 1.24 Nam 1985 1.25 Nam 1986 1.26 Nam 1987 1.27 Nam 1988 1.28 Nam 1989 1.29 Nam 1990 1.30 Nam 1991 1.31 Nam 1992 1.32 Nam 1993 1.33 Nam 1994 1.34 Nam 1995 1.35 Nam 1996 1.36 Nam 1997 1.37 Nam 1998 1.38 Nam 1999 1.39 Nam 2000 1.40 Nam 2001 1.41 Nam 2002 1.42 Nam 2003 1.43 Nam 2004 1.44 Nam 2005 Chuong 1 C4c bai thi Toan quéc gia Viét Nam, bang A 1.1 Nam 1962 1. Ching minh rang véi moi s6 duong a, b, c,d ta c6 bat dang thie 1 1 1 TT ‘hrs ab ead ate b¥d ” = Leia ham sé c dinh dao ham bac nhat tong ting voi gid tri 2 f()=(42)-V2Fr Vara 3. Cho mot tidign ABCD va A’, Bla nhiing hinh chigu cia cdc dinh A, B len céc mat d6i dig, Chtmg minh ring 44’ va BB! cat nhau khi va chi khi hai dudng thing AB vaC_D wudng géc véi nhau, Neu AC = AD = BC = BD thi hai duéng thang 4.4! va BB" c6 cit nhau khong? 4. Dutmg cao ciia mot hinh chép tif gide déu bang /. Mat bén tao voi day mot g6c ©. Qua canh day ta dung mot thigt dign vudng géc véi mat dé; dign, Tinh thé tich ciia hinh chép tao thinh va bign lun cong thie tim duge. 5. Gidi phuong trinh sau day véi dn s6 thye r: sin? x+cos° x= 6 ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.2 Nam 1963 Nam being A 7 1. Ba hge sinh I6p X ten 1a Din, Mao, Thin di choi nhin thay mot ngudi Ii mot chide xe 6 16 vi pham luat Ie giao thong, khong ai nhé s6 xe 18 bao nhicu, hung mdi ngudi déunhé mot dic diém cia s6 xe. Déin nhé rang hai chit sé du gidng nhau, Mao nhé rang hai chit s6 cui cing gidng nhau. Thin thi qua quyét rang s6 xe ¢6 bon chit s6 1a mot s6 chinh phuong. Ching ta hay thir tim s6 xe 46? Hay xée dinh cde gid tri gidi han sau day 881 va-b-Va=b & jim li I ba +1 ra a rt 6 Giai phuong tinh cos? x +08? 2ur-+ cos” 3x +08? dir = 2 4. Cho hinh hop ABCD.A'BIC'D!. Nguii ta cat hinh hop nay bang mot mat phing qua ba dinh A, B', D’. Chig minh ring dubng chéo cia A'C cia hinh hop cat thiét dién tam gidc tao thanh tai trong tam cila tam gide d6. 5. Day cla mot hinh Ling try diing 1a mot hinh thoi ABCD canh a va gée nhon 60°. Ta n6i dinh B! véi diém gitta M cia AD, dinh D! véi diém gitta N ca AB. Hai duéng thang B'M va DIN cat nhau theo géc B'OD' bang «. Tim thé tich cia hinh Lang tru 6. 6. Hoi nghi dai biéu thanh nign ban vé cong téc chéng han 6 mot huyén gdm 647 nam nit thanh nién, Co Lé nhan ra minh quen 16 nam, co Daonhan ra minh quen 17 nam, c6 Man quen 18 nam, .... ,c6 Cam ngudi nit cudi cing quen tat ca cdc ban nam c6 mat. Hei ring hoi nghi c6 bao nhiéu nam va bao nhieu ni thanh nien ? 7. (a) xc dinh gia tri ciia m saocho phuong trinh r+ (2m +6)e+4m+12=0 6 hai nghiém s6 va cd hai Lon hon —1 (b) Tinh dgo ham cia him s6sau day fy = UT, JT= Vitw—u utvi+e u 8. Gidi phuong tinh sin* x eos 30+ cos? x sin 31 On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 8 9. Cho mot inh chép tam 6 mat SCB vuong g6e vi 6c phang & dinh bang 60°. Hay xéc dinh thé tich ciia hinh chép. 10. Tinh canha va dign tich S vi p. Hay xc dinh S véi p a B va nira chu © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.3 Nam 1964 Nam being A 9 1. Goi a fk mot g6c tuy 9. Hay xéc dinh gid tri ciia ede bigu thie duéi day 2 cos a +08 (a + =) + cos(a+ 3 ‘Ve dudng biéu dign cila cdc ham so dusi day u=V@-IPF & =ar+yV(e=-1)P Trong dé ER. Bign ludn s6 nghiem cia phuong tinh, r+ /@=1P=m tu theo gid tri ciia tham sO m. 3. Tit mot diém O nim ngoai mot mat phing (/?), taha cdc duéng vung goc OH xuéng céc dung thing ciia P, di qua mot diém c6 dinh A. Hay xc inh quy tich (c) cia diém H. Goi (C) 1a mat nén nghieng c6i dinh tai O va day 1a (0). Ching minh ring cic mat phing song song véi (P) hay vudng g6e v6i OA cat (C) theo nhiing dugg tron, (C)c6 hai mat doi xting eit n6 theo hai gc a, 8. Hay xd dinh quan hé gitta ava 8. 4, Mot cy dam nhanh nhur sau: cay moe len durge mot nam thi bit déu dam nhanh, sau d6 ctf hai nam cay lai dam ra mot nhénh. Quy luat ay cila than, chinh cing duge ép dung cho cae nhanh cay moe ra, tte 14 méi nhénh sau khi mgc ra mot nam thi dam ra mot nhanh con va nhinh chinh dé ett hai ‘nam sau lai dam ra mot nhanh, Coi than chinh Ia mot nhénh dae bit , tinh 86 nhanh cila cay trong nam thit nam. Goi sé nhanh trong nam thit n 1a S,,. Ching minh rang n+ Sn—2 Goi a > b la hai s6 thoa min céc dang thite a + b = 1 va ab = —1. Ching ‘minh bang quy nap ring © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 1.4 Nam 1965 1. Tai mot thoi diém ban diu = 0, chiée tu thuy cla hai quanta & vj tri ban dau O phat hign mot chide tiu thuy cia dich & vi tré ban diu A, céch tu cia ta AOA =a vadang chay v6i van t6e v khong déi trén duémg thang vuong géc v6i OA, Dé dudi bin quan dich ta mé may chay véi van toc 1 khong di trén mot dung thang lam mot g6c nhon y v6i OA (a) Khi 9 da duge chon truée, héi khong céch cuc tiéu dat duge gidta tu ta va tiu dich 18 bao nhieu? Céc van tc 1 va u phai thos man diéu kién gi thicuc tiéu dy triét tieu? (b) Néu diéu kign ay khong duge thoa man thi phai chon gée yy nhu thé nao dé khoding cach cue tiéu 6 trén bé nhat c6 thé? Khi dat kho’ing cach gan nhét dy thi hung ta phai bin vao téu dich mot géc 1a bao nhiéu vio dung di cita dich? Cho mot ving trdn Ién véi hai day cung AB va CD song song véi nhau, Goi M 1a mot diém chay trén vong trdn dy, Dudng thing MD cit dudng thing ABtaiQ. (a) Khi M tign t6i D hay t6iC thi tam vong tron tam gide AMCQ tin 161 dau? Hay xéc dinh qu tich ciia tam vong tron (CQ) (b) Ngudi ta ly mot diém £ 6 dinh ngoai mat phing cla hinh v8. Ta phai chon diém F nh thé nio dé cho qu tich ca tam mat edu (MCQE) tring v6i quy tich cla tam vong tron (MCQ)? 3. G@) Cho hais6 khongam x,y e6 tng 1 a khong di. Hay xée din git ca «, y d8 cho tong 2” +" 1a bé nhat, trong dé m Ia s6 tw nhién cho trade, Cho n s6 Khon 6 t6ng khong d6i, chimg minh rang mucin cho tong ai +2 +-+--:0! Ta bg nhat thi phai e6 27) = =oq. (b) Nguti ta mud chua mgt mét kh6i bgt hod chat vio 8 thimng g6 hinh lap Phuong ma m6i mat phing tim g6 c6 bé day nhat dinh Khong dang ké. Gi tien moi tam g6 vuong v6i be day ay ti v6i binh phuong dign tich ca n6, Héi phai chon cdc canh 0, ¥ > 0? Nhiing diém bin t6i duye trong pham vi khong gian no’ Trong mot mat phang (P) ngudi ta cho hai duémg thing c6 dinh a va b va hai duémg thang bién thién «va y; trong khi bién thién ’ khong song song véi P va mot diém O nim ngoai P va P". Cae mat phing Oa, Ob, Or, Oy c6 thé hodc cat P" hodesong song véi P” trong trudng hap chiing cat P' thi cdc giao diém v6i P" Sé theo this tur goi laa’, W,2', y’, Nhu vay trong mat phang P” sé c6 mot bai toan quy tich doi véi giao diém AV cia duémg thing M véi mat phing P'. Hay phat bigu bai todn qui tich dé ? iy (©) Tim xem x va y phai 6 vi tri no thi 2! va y' song song vai nhau, &vi trf mothi A/D! va BIC’ song song voi nhau? 3. Choba sé hong Am thod min cdc dang thife duéi day etbys36 & Ww+3e<72 trong dé } 1A m6t so duong cho trudc. Chimg minh ring t6ng 2 +4 + 2160 nbat 1a bing max{36, 24 + 2 Ung dung. Ngudi ta van chuyén hang diém A dén diém M thi cé ba céch van chuyén nhur sau: (a) Chuyén bing xe hoi theo duéng ACM. @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 12 (b) Chuyén bang duéng thuyén theo duing ADM, (c) Chuyén bang xe hoi tir A dén B réi chuyén tigp bang thuyén tir B dén. M 7M ‘Téng s6 xe hoi c6 thé diing dé van chuyén 18 9 chiée, t6ng s6 thuyén 18 45 chiée. Mai chigc xe hoi néu chay tren dutng AB thi dm bio trung binh moi ngay chuyén duge bén tain hang ti A dén B va néu chay trén dung ACM thi mdi ngy 2 tin hang tir A dén M. Méi chiéc thuyén néu di dung BM thi dim bio méingay van chuyén duge = tan hing tir A dén A. Héi ring néu t6 chife van chuyén nhur thé no (bao nhieu tin méi ngay theo cach 1, theo céch 2, va theo ech 3) dé cho t6ng s6 tn van chuyén duge 18 nhiéu nhat? Néu mdi chiée xe hoi chay trén dung ACM dam bdo khéng téi 3 méingay thi nén té chic van chuyén nhu thé nao? © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.6 Nam 1967 Nam bang A 13 1. Khao sat sur bién thién va vé dé thi ca ham sé 2. Cho hai biy song 1& hai dudng thing song song nim ngang. Ding nud chiy song song véi ba tir tri sang phai véi van toc Ia w. Mot chige pha c6 van te rieng khong di la v, xuat phat tir diém O ciia bo dui lay lam true Ox chet xe sang bir kia (a) Biét ring during di thuc t€ ciia pha Kam mot g6e a v6i O.r, hoi ring van t6e thuc t€ V cia pha la bao nhiéu? Bién luan. (b) Phai chon géc aa bao nhiéu dé thdi gian di la it nhat ? 3. Cho mot duéng trdn (L) c6 tam 18 O noi tigp trong mot hinh thoi ABCD. ‘Mot tigp tuyén bign thién cita duéng tron (L) cit cde duéng thang AB, AD, BC, CD theo thit ty & céc diém M, N, P,Q. (a) fly dodn nhan hé thie gitia hai doan thing BM va DN; chimg minh he thie 46. Tren hinh vé cdn c6 nhiing hé thite ndo ding chi ¥ (phat hign duge cang nhiéu cang tt). (b) Bon dutmg tron cing di qua diém O va theo thi tw e6 tam 1a A, B,C, D cit bon doan thing AB, BC, CD, DA 6 tm diém, Hay xét xem hinh tém canh 16i nhain tim digm d6 Lim dinh ¢6 tinh chat gi dae bigt, ching minh cdc tinh chat d6. Sit dung vao vige dung hinh tam canh déu. (©) Hay phat bigu mot bai tosin trong khong gian bang each cho hinh ve cia bai todn trén day quay quanh true AC. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.7 Nam 1968 Nam bang A 14 1. Cho hai s6 a, bthod min diéu kign a > b > 0, vaa-+b= (a) Chiing minh ring néu m,n [& cdc so nguyén duong thoa min m > n thia™—a" >b"— 9 >0 (b) Véi mai so nguyen duong n ngudi ta thiét lap tam thie bac hai fal) =2?—U'x— a" Ching minh rang tam thite f,,(«c) c6 hai nghiém s6 phan biét nam gidta val 2. Chomot dung trdn.e6 dinh O ban kinhr, Mot tam gic bién thien ABC uon ngoai tip duéng tron dé va cé dinh A chay trén duéng thang e dinh xr, con hai dinh kia chay trén mot dudng thing e6 dinh yy song song véi 1. (a) Cho trude duimg trdn O, hai dung 1 gide ABC. Bién luan, (b) Tinh cde gée cita tam gide ABC theo géc A, bin kinh r va khong cach h gitta hai duémg thang <, y. Bign lugn. (©) Cé nhan xét gi vé méi quan he gitta hai dogn thing JB va IC (1 Wa tie digm ciia dudng tron O véi dubng thang yy ? C6 cach gi dé dodn nhan ra méi quan hé d6 ma chua edn chimg minh gic? Ching minh diéu doan nhan 46. Tithe thi gitta 1B va IC hay 06 ging phat hign ra nhiing he thie ding chai ¥ khie (phat ign duge cang nhiéu cing 161). 18.2, Va géc A hay dumg tam © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.8 Nam 1969 Nam bang A 15 1, Trong mot tram ludi lin lac gita hai ving A va B e6n tram 6 ving A va ktram ving B. Mai tram 6 ving A c6 thé lin lac duge véi it nhait k — p tram 6 ving B. Ching minh rang néu n+ p < & thi c6 it nhat mot tram & viing B cé thé lign lac duge v6i moi tram & ving A. Hay xée dinh géc x biét ring 0 <2 <7 va — i _ 3sing—sin Sr + 3sin? 2 <5 3. Cho ning s6 50,17 > 0,02 <0, 4 > 0,15 < 0,45 < 0,4 > 0 > yy. Biet rang v6i mdi i= T, 4 ta c6 (a7; — a)? + (yi)? < c?. Hay ching minh rang a? +0 < c?, Phat biéu sut kign trén duGi dang mot ménh dé trong hinh hoc phang. 4. Cho hai vong trdn tam O, O! ban kinh R, R’ tuong ting cit nhau & hai diém P,Q va moi dutng thang (A) bign thign lun bi hai vong tron néi trén cit ‘thinh mot hang digm diéu oa. (a) Tit hai tim O va O' nguii ta ha cde dung vudng gc OH va O'H' xudng dung thang (A). Hay diing suy lugn logic ma don nhan quy tich ciia cde diém 7 va H’ (cing dodn nhan duge chinh xae cing tt). (b) Chimg minh nhiing diéu dodn nhan vé quy tich ciia hai diém H va H va xc dinh gidi han cia ce quy tich d6, Trong trutmg hgp nio thi quy tich di qua hai dim O va O'. (©) V6i gia thigt rang OO! < V7 A? hay xdc dinh tren duunuuémg thing (A) mot diém M sao cho téng cita cdc doan thing MO va MO' la ngin hat so véi moi con duéng khéc noi O va O! va cé diém qua mot diém trén (A). Ching minh ring du’ng di ngan nhat dé Ia khong d6i khi (A) bign thien, Phai ddi cau h6i nhu thé nio dé OO! > VRE+ RP. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net On 1.9 Nam 1970 Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 16 1. Cho A, B, C8 ba gée cila mot tam giée AABC. Chimg minh ring R ‘Tim tat cd cdc s6 tu nhién khong chia hét cho 45 ma 1a ude s6 cla sé N 1890. C6 bao nhiéu sé nhu thé ? 3. Véi méi diém (cr, y) trong mat phang toa do ngudi ta cho ting véi mot sé thuc f(r, y). Gia sit ring (a) f(x,0) =az véi a 1a mot hang sé khéc khong (b) Néu (01, yi) va (2, yp) Bah ma f(x1, 41) = F (x2, ya) thi f(x, (x,y) ca dung thang di qua hai diém dé. iét trong mat phang toa do ri khng di tai moi diém Hay ching minh ring (a) Véi mdi s6 thye a. tap hop tat cd mot dudng thing D, va tat vi nhau. diém (x,y) taidé f(c,y) =a R dung thing D,, 46 déu song song (b) Véi moi x, y tacé f(x,y) = ax+ by trong dé b 1a mot hang s6. 4. Cho mot vong tron 06 dinh tam O ban kinh 2 véi hai dutng kinh vudng géc 6 dinh AB, CD ya tiép tuyén At tai diém A. Mot diém M chay trén duéng tron dé, cdc dutng thing BM, DM cat At theo tht ur P vaQ duimg kinh. Sau dé tim ng thie don gin nha. th biéu dign mdi lign hé nay (b) compa dung digm M saocho BQ va DP song song véi (©) Hai dudng thing OP va BQ cit nhau & NV. Du dodn quy tich etia N r6i ching minh né. (d) BP va BQ cit tigp tuycn & diém D theo thirty & P! va Q!. C6 nhan xét gi vé mdi lign he gitta P va Q'. Chimg minh nhan xét 46. DP va DQ cat dug thing BC & P” va Q”, Cé nhan xét gi vé mai lign he fa P” va Q” . Ching minh ring nhan xét de. 5. Cho mot kh6i lap phuong ABCD.EFGH va mot mat phing P di qua dinh Avvalim véi bacanh AB, AD, AB ba géc bing nhau @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 7 (a) Tinh cosin chung ciia ba géc bang nhau dé va dyng hinh chigu vuong g6c cita kh6i lap phuong xuéng mat phang P. (b) Can cif vio hinh chigu nay a8 phat hign ra nhimg quan h¢ ding chi ¥ (cing phat hign cing nhiéu cang tt) gitta mat phang P véi cde dutmg thang ndi cdc cap diém lay trong tim diém A, B,C, D,E,F,G,H va ic mat phang chifa timg bo ba diém ciing lay trong 8 diém dé. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.10 Nam 1971 Nam bang A 18 seu ta xét 0 a exan gtan M4 . 1. Ngui ta xét cfc cap phan 86 16 gin <1 wa? <1 véim,n,p,qlacdc q Pp =tgAthia+ §=45" 5 A ..m 86 nguyen duong sao chonéu — = tg a, a q (a) Chom van hay xée dinh p va q. Khindo thi cé loi gid? (b) Cho n va q hay xc dinh m va p. Khinao thi cé Idi gidi ? (©) Chom vag hay xéc dinhn va p. Khi ndo thi c6 mot Idi gidi? Khi nto thi c6 hai ldi giai ? 2. Cho mot hinh lap phuong ABCD.EFGH 6 canh AB = 2a va xét duéng thang d cat ba dudng thing vo han AE, BC va DF (truimg hap dae bigt d c6 thé song song véi mot trong ba dudng thing d6). Goi MI 1a giao diém cita d v6i dudng thing BC’ vam IA khoang céch tir M dén B (a) Hay ching minh ring mat phing MAB cit PG tai mot diém B! céich ‘mot khoiing bang m va mat phing MDF cat EIT tai mot d H cing mot khoing bang m. Tir dé suy ra cach dung giao diém P cla duéng thing d véi mat EFGH. (b) Tinh khoding céch tir P dén cdc dudng thing EF va EH theo m. Hay tim mot he thiéc gitta hai khoding c4ch ay khong phy thudc vio m. Tir dé suy ra quy tich ciia diém P. Phan ndo cia quy tich thi ting voi digm M trén canh BC?. (c) Cac duéng thang d tao nén mét mat S. Mat S cat cdc mat cla hinh la phutong theo nhimg duéng thang nio, tai sao?. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net @©HaDuy Hing Céc hai thi Todn que gia Viet Nam bang A 19 1.11 Nam 1972 1. Goi a Ia géc bigh thien tuy ¥ vax = cosa, y =cos na (a) Ching minh ring ting véi mot gid tri ciia « trong khong —1 <2 <1 ta.c6 mot va chi m6t gid tri xéc dinh ciia y. Coi y nhur la motham so ca x, ta ky higu y = T(x). Hay tinh T; (e), Ta(2) va ching minh céng thie Tyo) = 20 + Ty (v) — Tr(a) Tir dé suy ra ring T;,(«) I mot da thie bac n. (b) Ching minh ring da thée T,,(«”) 6m nghiem thu phan biét trong doan [-11 © ude s6 18 n clia N va lay téng 2. Chomotsd nguyen duong N ta xét tat cic: n clia tit ed cae s6 dang (—1) (a) Goi téng ay 1a f(.V) hay ching minh ring néu r 1a mot s6 nguyen, p J mot so nguyén t6 thi f(2)=1 va f(2") = 1 va ) 2 nda pes dang tk+1 F(p)= re 0 néu ped dang 4k —1 l+r néup c6dang4k+1 FP" =4 1 néup c6dang4k—1 var chin 0 néu p c6 dang 4k—1 var lé (b) Ching minh ring f 1 ham nhan tinh, nghia 1 néu MV 1& hai so nguyén duvong thod min ged(M,.V) = 1 thi (MN) = f(M)+£(N) dya vao két qua trén ma tinh f(5' +1128 17") va f(1980). Neu quy lugt chung dé tinh f(. 3. Cho mot tam gi song véi BC (a) Ngudi ta dung hinh binh hinh CEFG sao cho céc dinh B, F,G theo thif ty nim trén cdc duémg thang d, AB, BC va sao cho CE song song vi trung tuyén AJ cia tam gide ABC, sau dé dung hinh binh hanh BAK H sao cho eée dinh I, H theo thit tu nam tren AB va BC. Hai dutng thing BC vad cat nhau 6 diém ay diém tren dudng thang d déi ximg 6: U7 qua diém A, Chimg minh rang diém V,, diém J, giaodiém cla FG va K H 1a ba diém thang hang ABC va mot dutmg thing d di qua dinh A va khong song Céc bai thi Todn quée gia Vier Nam bing A 20 ’thinh binh hanh BBICC! canh theo thit tu song song (b) Xét cap dudng thing PG va KH cat ba dung thing BC, CA, AB & ba cap dig duge sap xép nhu thé nio d6, Tit dé c6 thé phat bigu nén mot dinh ly téng quét nhu thé ndo? Néu trong mat phing ABC cé cho ‘truce mot diém O thi qua O 6 thé dung duge hai duémg thing FPG va K I hay khong?. 4, Cho mot khoi tir dign déu ABCD 6 canh a trén doan thing AB ngudi ta lay 2 trén doan thing AC ngudi 34 a tren doan thing AD ly hai diém G, G' sao cho AG = (a) Tren mat phing BCD hay xéc dinh hai giao tuyén cia mat phing na i hai mat phang EFG va B'F'G’, Nghien nay c6 vi tri tung doi nhur thé ndo doi véi tam gi thé phat biéu nén mot dinh ly téng quit nhu thé nao? (b) Tinh thé tich ciia khoi EPGE"F'G’ theo a va tinh gée ma hai mat phang EFG lam véi cdc dutng thang AB, AC, AD. BCD. Tir © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net On 1.12 Nam 1973 Hung __Céc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A ‘Nam 1973 Viet Nam khong t6 chite ki thi, © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net, @©HaDuy Hing Céc hai thi Todn que gia Viet Nam bang A 22 1.13 Nam 1974 1. (a) Véi sO nguyen ducng n Ia thi s6 sau day Wel 14 s6 chinh phuong? (6 day c6 2n chit s61 van chits6'7). (b) Hay xdc dinh tat c& ce chit s6 b sao cho WT db.b 1 s6 chinh phuong? (6 day c6 2n 861 van sO b). 2. (a) C6 bao nhieu cap s6 nguyen lién tigp,.r +1 sao cho. Fa bd cia 9 va 7 +1 Ia boi cla 25? Hay xéc din cdc cap d (b) C6 bao nhieu cap so (2, +1) sao cho x Ia boi ca 21 var +11 boi cilia 165? (©) Hay xéc dinh cdc bo ba sé nguyen lien tigp («2+ 1, +2) tho’ min li boicia9,¢+118 boi cha 25 var +2 a boi ciiad. 3. Cho mot tam giée ABC ed dinh vuong 6 A va dudng cao AH. Tix chan 17 cia dung cao ta ha cde duing vudng g6c HTP va HQ theo thit ty xudng cde canh AB va AC. n M chay tuy ¥ tren dutng thing PQ; duéng thang vudng g6c véi dudng thing M17 édigm Mf ct dung than, va cit cdc duémg thing AC 6S (a) C6 nhing nhan xét gi vé dudng tron qua ba diém A, R, S va chimg minh nhan xétdé, (b) Néu ta lay di hai vi trf cla My, My cia diém M thi ta sé c6 cde vi tri tuong tng R; va Ry cia diém R, 5; va >. Ching minh rang ti s6 Ri-Ra ye as == khong déi. Tam gi R PQ) (c) Ta ldy diém K doi xtmg véi diém 7 qua tam doi ximg Mf. Duimg thang di qua A va wiong géc v6i dutmg thing PQ D. Ching minh rang BHR = DHR. Hay phat hién them mot dang, thite tuong ty. ABC phai thod man diéu kign gi chay véi nhiing van téc nh nhau (khi M chay trén duémg thing 4, Trong khong gian cho 12 duding thang chita 12canh ctia mot khdi lip phuong 6 canh bang don vi. Ngudi ta ct 12 dudng thang dé bang mot mat phing P. Hay xét su tuong gia iit phiing P nay v6i 12 dudng thang néi tren, Bign luan theo cdc vi tri c6 thé ciia P. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 23 1.14 Nam 1975 1, Khong gi phuong trinh bac tém cila cdc nghigm s6 cla n6. O hay xde dinh tng cla ede lu thira Giai phuong tinh sau day ytm ' print ' y+ (y+ mp" (y+n— (y+pP 2 3 Vionn BD la2AC- BD = AB. 4. Cho cdip s6 cong —1, 18,37, diing chit s6 5. «5 Tim s@ hang cia cip 86 ma khi viet toan cotg? x ote Br 5. Chg minh riing téng cfc gid tri cue dai va cue tiéu clia ham soy tren (0; 5) 1a mots hia ty 6. Trong khéng gian cho mot dung thang cé dinh A va mot diém A cé dinh nam ngoai A. Mot dung thang d bién thién quay xung quanh diém A. Goi MN Ia dung thing wudng géc chung ciia d va A (M trén d va N tren A), Hay tim qu tich ciia diém MF va quy tich trung diém cita doan thing MN. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 24 1.15 Nam 1976 1 6. . Tim sé ¢6 ba chit s6 biét ring s6 dé bang 1. Hay tim nghiém nguyen cia hé phuong trinh Hay xdc dinh dang cita tam gide A ABC biet ring acosA+bcosB+cecosC _at+b+e asinAtbsinBtesin© OR 6 d6 a,b, ¢ la d6 dai ciia ba canh BC, ngoai tigp tam gic A ABC AB va R la ban kinh dudng tron . Chiing minh ring v6i moi diém M trong tam gide ABC ta déu 06 bat ding thite o < Matttle < 5 trong d6 d,, dy, d, 1a khoang céch tir diém M dén cdc canh BC, CA, AB: a,b,c 1a d6 dai ciia ba canh BC, CA, AB va S la s6 do dign tich eiia tam gidc da cho. Hay mé rong bat dang thitc trén cho trudng hop ti dién trong, khong gian, ‘in tich cdc giai thita cia ba tich 1+ 2++m). chit s6 ciia nd (& day tich cc giai thita ciia sé n nghia ‘Cho mat phang P va hai duémg thing chéo nhau d, d' cat P lin uot & A, A’. Goi a” 1a nhiing duéng thang chuyén dong song song voi P vatualen dd! 6M.M! (a) Hay xc dinh vi tri cha dutmg thing @” sao cho ALI" 1a ngéin nha (b) Cho truvéc mot duéng thang dj,. Hay xac dinh trong nhiing duéng thang a” dung thang d;, vudng géc véi duéng thang d,. Cho & van I hai s6 nguyen duong va 2:12, +++, 24 1A nhimg s6 duong ¢6 téng bing 1. Chimg minh rang an gem ntl ay" atte =k © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 25 1.16 Nam 1977 1. Gidi bat phuong tinh 2. Ching minh ring t6n tai 1977 tam gide ma cae gée A, B,C cia n6 thod man he thite sin A +sin B +sinC 12 12 cos A + cos B + cosC 7 & sin Asin B sin 25, 3. Héi rang n dutng tron chia mat phang ra lam bao nhiéu phan néu bat cit cap hai dung tron nio ciing cat nhau ti hai diém phan biét va khong c6 ba dung tron no cd giao digm chung. 4. Tim diéu kién cin va dii dé ham s6 f(t) = mt° + nt? + pt + @ 06 gid tri nguyén véi moi gid tri cia t. 5. Cho ap. ),+++5 dn, dq.41 HA mot day hita han cc s6 thyc thod man céc diéu kign ay = ny) = Ova Japa 2ag + ans] Ching minh ring < Matick) véimoik=0,1,....04+1 6. Choda gide (P) c6 m canh va da gide (P") c6'n can lan lugt nim trong hia ‘mat phang song song véi nhau. Xét ho nhing doan thing 4.4’ vi A va A’ tuong ting nim trén cc eanh ciia hai da giée (P) va (P'). Hay néi r6 cach tim: (a) Doan thing AA! ngéin nhat. (b) Doan thing 44’ dai nhat. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 26 1.17 Nam 1978 3 6. Tim tat ed cdc 86 6 ba chits6 Tz sao cho hai lin s6' dé bing tng cla hai Tim tat cA nhiing gid tri cla m sao cho h¢ phuong trinh au day chi c6 mot nghigm lel 1- yom Ba cita hang Iutong thu A, B,C tgo thanh mot tam gide AABC, trong 46 CAB = 30°, AB = 0.75AC thudng xuyén cung cp mi sgi cho nhan dan trong ving Lin lugt theo ty 1.5 : 4: 3. Phai dat dia diém cin mi soi AM & dau dé tigt kigm chi phi chuyén tré biet ring chi phi dé ti Ie véi so luang va dutng di ‘Tim ba phan s6 t6i gin 5 35 tao thinh mot caip s6 cong biét ring lta & e 1+5 l4+d b itd Mot con song dio khiic diu bé rdng a mét dén mot ché £@ theo géc vung bé rong khtic sau 18 b mét. Tim chiéu dai lén nhat ciia mOt bé g6 hinh chit nhat ma chiéu ngang 1a ¢ mét dé khi ba troi tir khiie dau sang khiic sau dén ché r@ khong bi tic. Cho hinh hop chit nhat ABCD. A'B'C'D! Ching minh ring c6 thé dung duge mot tam gic e6 cde canh bing cée khoiing céch tir A, A’, D dén dudmg, chéo BD! ca hinh hop. Ky higu kich thuée ca hinh hop 18 a), do, 43 Va hing Khodng céch néi trén 1A m,mp, m3. Hay xée dinh he thie gitta 1, 49,43, 1}, Ma, Ms. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.18 Nam 1979 Nam being A 2 1. Ching minh ring véi moi x > 1 t6n tai mot tam gic ma s6 do cde canh La nhiing sO P,(x) = 24 +23 +20? +0-+1, Pala) = 205 +0? 420-41, va Py(c) = 2 =1, Ching minh ring trong tat cd cae tam gide d6 géc lén nhat déu nhwr nhau va hay xéc dinh gi tri cia n6. Cho phuong trinh «x + ax? + br +¢ = 066 ba nghigm thyc (khong nhat thit phan bigt) 1a ¢, u, v. Véi nhiing gid tri no ciiaa, b,c thi cae s6 ©, u*, v9 nghi¢mdiing phuong trinh 2° + a%r?-+b'r-+e§=0? 3. Hay chia mot minh vuin hinh tam gige ABC 6 ba canh khong bing nhau bang doan thing A.M sao cho hai tam giée ABM va ACM c6 tis6 dign tich bang ti so chu vi tuong tng 4. Chting minh ring véi moi sé nguyen dong n thi 2 cos nd 1A mot da thie bac nelia 2cos 8. 5, Tim tated nhiing s6 a sao cho phuong tinh 2? — 2r{0] + — a = 0 6 hai nghigm s6 khong am. (6 dé [2] Ia phdin nguyen cita s6 ) 6. Trong khong gian cho hai hinh chif nhat bing nhau ABCD va ABEF c6 AB =m, BC = BE = ny’. Hay xéc dinh vi tri tuong doi ciia hai mat phing chifa hai hinh chit nhat néi trén dé sao cho C'A wudng g6c véi BF. Trong trutmg hgp dy hay xc dinh vi tri va kich thuée tt dign déu cita hai dinh nim trén CA va hai dinh cin lai nim tren BF. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.19 Nam 1980 Nam bang A 28 1. Cho ede ge a1, 49,+++, 4 nim trong doan [0?, 180°] sao cho gid tri cla ya +0504) isi a mot s6 nguyen 18. Chimg minh ring Yrsinag> 1 1 Goi T la téng cla k s6 dutong my, ..., mg. Chiing minh ring ta cé bat ding thie : LVL (ke Y(m+4) >6(F+4) fa 3. Cho Pla mot diém nam trong tam gide A; Aas. Dung thing PA, edit canh 63 dign tai diém B;. Goi C, 1a trung diém cita doan thing A,B; va D; 1a trung diém cia doan thing PB,. Hay so sinh dign tich ciia hai tam gide CyCrC3 va Di Des 4, Chimg minh ring véi moi hinh ti dign ta ‘mat phing sao cho ti s6 dign tich cia. len hai mat phang dé khong nhé hon V3 éu tim duge trong khong gian hai hinh chigu vudng géc ciia tir dign 2 5. Phuong trinh 2° — khong? Tai sao? 2 +m = 0 6 thé 66 ba nghigm hita ty phan bigt 6. Cho s6 nguyen n> 1 vasé thue p> 0. Hay tim gid tri cuc dai cia biéu thie nl Varn i khi 4 chay khip moi gi tri thye khong am sao cho 7% re = p. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 29 1.20 Nam 1981 6. Ching minh ring mot tam gide [a vudng khi va chi khi tng cila sin ba g6e bang tng cita cosin ba géc dé cong véi 1 Cho hai da thie f(p) = p'? — p' +3p! + Lip* — p?+23p +30 va g(p) = p+ 2p +m, Hay xéc dinh gid tri nguyen cia m dé tén tai mot da thiic h(p) ma j(p) = g(p) *h(p) voi moi gid tri thue cla p, . Cho hai dim M va N érngoai mot mat phing R. Hay xéc dinh vi trf cla " » AM |. 2 diém A trén R sao cho ti sé aN Jacuc tiéu. |. Gidi he phyong trinh n—ytz+t=0 1, sao cho ty € [p.q] vik = T,n(6d60 2. S62*+1 chia hét cho s62" = 1 hay khong ? (a) Ching minh ring VZ(sin t +cost) > 2W/5im BF vi moi 0< 1 < = 2e 2y (b) Tim y sao cho 1+ vw6i moi y € (0,7). coty ~ tany AABC va diém M bat Ki nim trong tam gide d6. Ta MF ha nhimg dug thing vung g6c May, By, MC kin luot dén céc canh BC. CA, AB. Hay xc dinh quy tich cfc diém M sao cho s6 do dign tich cita tam giée AA; B,C; bang so k cho truée. Bign luan. 6 thé bigu dign mot s6 nguyen dut6i dang mot trong cc téngsau hay khong 1 1 1 @) +o pete ae a 1 Jytyyh ae a (b) trong d6 a), @2,..., a9 18 cae s6 nguyen dutang phan biet. . So sinh 2 k my 2 Gas FFD) «Th DE Cho mot tifdign trong dé cdc cap canh doi dién bang nhau timg doi mot va theo thit tu bing a, b,c (a < b < c). Mot mat phing cat té# dién da cho theo mot titgide. Hay tim vi trf ciia mat phang sao cho tit gide thiét di¢n cé chu vi bé nat, Trong diéu kien néi tren hay tim quy tich ciia nhiing trong tam ca cdc tt gide thigt dien, © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net On 1.23, Nam 1984 Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 32 1. (a) Hay xdc dinh da thie ciia « 06 be nhé nhat véi he so nguyen c6 mot nghiemla v2+ ¥3. (b) Gidi phuong tinh 14+ VIF (/0+ a) - V0=2))=2+ VIR? 86 us, » Diy 86 0 tgp = By = thy 1 V6 c dinh bdi quy Hay xc dinh lim 400 Un 3. Trong mat phang P cho hinh vud ih bang a. Trén nita duéng thang Ax vudng géc voi P ly diém S (a) M va N 18 hai diém tuong ting di dong tren BC va DC i, Xéc dinh vi trf cia hai diém M,N’ sao cho BM+DN> % déng thdi hai mat phing SAM va SMN vuong géc v6i nhau va tich BM - DN dat gid tri bé nhat ii, Xéc dinh vi tr ciia M,N sao cho NAM = 459 va thé tich ciia ta dign SAN Ia lén nhat, nhd nhat. Tinh cde gid ti a6. (b) QI diém di dong sao cho Q luon nhin AB va AD dui cée 6c Goi 7 La mat phing vuong g6c véi P theo giao tuyén AB, DQ cit Q i, Timquj tich diém Q! ii, Digm Q 6 tren sé ve nén duimg (KX). Goi P12 giao diém the hai khac véi Q ciia CQ va (K). Ching minh rang dai long DB la mot hings6 khong phu thude vao vi tri fA giao diém clia DR véi mat phang 7 ong. 6 cla Q, trong dé R 4. (a) Cho: y 1Acdc sé nguyén khong déng thd bing khong. Hay xde dinh gid tri bé nhat cita biéu th ary —5y?|. (b) Tim tat cd cée s6 duong t dé 10-[f} 91 trong dé [#] a phéin nguyen ciia sé On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 33 5. Choa, b la cée s6 thue vi a #0. Hay xée dinh da thite P(x) thod man digu kién xP(x— a) = («—b)P(x) 6. Cho géc tam dién Sxryz dinh S trong 46 0, 28y is Goi A, B, C twong ting a gid tri cla céic géc hi dign canh Sy, Sz, Se cita géc tam dign dy (a) Ching minh ring sina _ sing sinB sinC 90" khi va chi khi A + B = 180°. (b) Gi sit ring a = 8 = 7 = 90". Goi O la diém c6 dinh ten Sz sao cho SO =a, M va N lihai diém di dong trén Sz, Sy sao cho ong SOM +SON+ MON la M va N. Tim qu tich OSMN. tam T cia hinh céu ngoai tigp tt © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.24 Nam 1985 Nam bang A 34 1. Tim tited ede nghigm nguyén cia phuong trinh 3 pe Qoyt8 R Goi A 1a tap hop tat cf cdc ham s6 J xc dinh véi moi so nguyen nhan hing gid trj thuc thod main céc tinh chat sau day fly) = Fle+y)+ fey) (a) Véi moi s6 nguyen x vay thi f(r) (b) f(0) 40. Tim tated cdc him s6 f € M sao cho f(1) 3. Mot hinh hop chit nhat véi cdc kich thude a, b, ¢ bi edt bai mot mat phing di qua giao diém cdc dutmg chéo cia hinh hop va vudng géc v6i mot trong cde duéng chéo ciia hinh hop d6. Hay tinh dién tich thiet dign nhan due, 4. Ki higu uée chung I6n nit ciia hai s6 ty nhien a va b la ged(a,6). Ching minh rang v6i ba s6 ty nhign a, b vam, diéu kien cin va di dé t6n tai sO tur ign n sao cho (a"— 1) + chia hét cho m la ged(ab, m) = ged(b, m) 5. Hay tim tat ed ede gid tri thye cita tham s6 a dé phuong trinh 16x! - a2? + (2a +17)? -ar+16=0 6 bon nghiém phan biét lap thanh mot cap s6 nha. 6. Mot hinh chép tam gide O.ABC cé dign tich diy 18 ABC bang S. Tinh thé tich clia hinh chép bit ring mdi dudng cao theo thi tu ha tircac diém A,B, C khong thé bé hon trung binh cong cla hai canh bén thude bé mat 6; dign véi cae dinh d6, © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.25 Nam 1986 Nam bang A 35 1. Chon bit phuong trinh An? = day +(a;— 1)? <0 sn. Goi 2; 1a nghiem bat ki cia bat phuong tinh img véi tham s6 a;.Chéing minh ring ‘ Lo bd6a,€ [505] v6i moi d = 1,2 Liat < Lert yy n n 2. Goi Rr 18 ban kinh cdc hinh cin ngoai tigp va noi tigp hinh chép 1986 déu » Fk 1 (a) Ching minh ring = > 1+ — r cos 1986 (b) Tinh dign tich xung quanh cia hinh chépe6 canh day bing a khi & bat dang thtfc trén xay ra dau bang. Cho M (y) la mot da thie bac n sao cho M(y) = 2", v6iy=1,2,...,0 41 Hay xéc dinh M(n+2). 4. Cho hinh vuéng ABCD canh 2a. Trong mat phang yudng géc véi mat phang chifa hinh vuong di qua AB ta dyng mot tam gide déu AMB. Motdiém S chay trén AB cach B mot khoing SB =r. Goi P 14 binh chigu cia diém M len dung thang SC va EO theo thit tu la cdc trung diém cla AB, CM (a) Hay xdc dinh qu tich cia P khi S chay tren AB. (b) Tinh ede gid tri cue dai va cu tiéu iia SO. 5, Tim cac gid trity nhién cian > 1 dé cho bat dang thie ding v6i moi m,, k= TH 6. Tirday s0 tr nhién 1, 2, 3,..., ta lap day s6 sau day: s6 hang tht nbat 18 s6 Ie, cu thé la s6 1; hai s6 hang tigp theo la cae s6 chin 2 va 4; bas6 hang tiép theo la céc 86 Ié 5, 7, 9; bin 6 hang tip theo la cdc s6 chain 10,12,14, 16; nam s6 hang tigp theo la céc s6 1é 17,19, 21, 23, 25,...,. Hay xéc dinh s6 hang téng quat cita day trén. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 36 1.26 Nam 1987 3 6. Cho eaips6 cong gém 1987 s6 hang du = = vacongsai d= 5. 4 307 Hay xéc dinh gid tri cia téng S= SY cos( su, uy 6 d6 tng > chifa tit ca cic s6 hang tig v6i tat cA cdc cdich khiée nhau c6 thé duge dé lay cde dat + hay — truée cic $6 uy, 212,--+, tosr £ts7) Cho hai day s6 {2} 55 va {yn 2% theo quy luat sau day: 9 = 3655 20 4 (12° + 1) + 1622 v6in > O va Yo = 16; Ys = Yay + 1) — 1952 v6i n> 0. Ching minh rng |r, — ysl > O vi moi n, f tu nhién, Trong mat phiing chon dudng thing doi mot ct nhau nhung khong cing di qua mot dim. Ching minh rang t6n tai ft nhat mot digm Ia giao cla hai va chihai trong s6'n dung thang d6. Cho a; > 0 véi moi i =T,n van > 2. Dat $= Of, ay. Ching minh rang Ham s6 f(x) xc dinh va c6 dao ham trén [0, +00). Bi&t ring v6i moi « > 0 luon 6 @ [f@| <5 (b) f(x)+ flew ‘Tén tai hay khong lims +400 f(#) ‘Trong khong gian cho 5 nita dutng thing Ox, voi k =T,5, Goi a la gid tri bé nhat trong tat ca céic géc hop béi cdc ciip nita duémg thang Ox; va Ox;. Ching minh rang a < 90°. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 37 1.27 Nam 1988 3 6. C6 1988 con gi nhot vao 994 chudng c6 hai con. Sau mdi ngay ngubi ta lai thay déi vi tri cla g& sao cho khong c6 hai con gi nio da 6 chung truée dé i nim trong ciing mot chuéng Kin nia. Héi cé bao nhieu ngay Lim duge hu vay Choda thie P(r) Sage" + a.0"1+ da thie c6.n nghiém thye va ag = 1, a) =n, a) = =3.4,..n Fay 1 +0y vOin > 3. Biét rang n2—n Hay xée dinh cc he 86 a; véi Mat phing duge phan chia thanh cdc tam gide déu bing nhau sao cho hai tam gide bat ki khong c6 diém chung nio hoae e6 chung nhau mot dinh hoae chung nhau m9t canh, C6 hay khéng mot hin tron chia diing 1988 dinh ede tam gide 46? Diy s6 {rn} bi chin ma thoa man diéu kign rq +41 > 2xp42 voi moi n> 1.c6 nhat thiét hoi ty hay khong ? Gia sit ring c6 tam gide ABC ba géc nhon dé tan A.tan B,tan C 1a ba nghiém cua phuong trinh 2 + px? + gx + p= 0(q #1). Chimg minh ring p< —3V3vaq>1 Trong khong gian cho ba dung thing a,b va c doi mot chéo nhau. Ching minh ring a, b,c c6 dung vudng géc chung khi va chi khi tich cia ba phép 446i xting Kan Iugt qua a, b,c cling I& phép d6i xting d6i v6i mot dung thang, © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net On 1.28 Nam 1989 Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 38 1. Cho hai s6 wrnhién NV, n.Chimg minh r ‘véi moi sé thyc « ta ludn c6 bat dang thi véi moi s6 thuc khong ama < N, | < min 42) | 51 i. Dau tien ta dé ¥ dén bat ding thie [sin §| < |3| vdi moi 8 ER, ta nhan duge sin(a +k) rar =o Dé ching minh bat . na Sande = Yo Aelbe = best) + Anda isi is trong d6 Ay = D'_y aj. Khids ing thife cdn lai, ta sir dung cong thttc bien déi Abel 2 1 1 < (X( N+k N+k=1 =o voi moi0 1 mari a Nhi cong thite ci Fibonacci ta suy ra ring 1 val =r) =1r)41. Thanh thir véi moi n nguyen khOng am ta c6 P45 = 1 (mod 1989). Tirday rp, (mod 1989), do dé ma ta 6 thé coi j = 3. Laicér; (mod 1989), rj-2 = rj -17)~ (mod 1989), var3-3 5-2 = —1 (mod 1989). Nhu thé rs (mod 1989) va rj = 1 (mod 1989). Tit raj-3 = Pra (mod 1989) ta nhan duge vin = 1,2,3,...5 thi ra)3 = M1))-8 = (mod 1989), Dé 14 diéu phai ching minh. =r ‘Trong mat phiing cho hinh vudng ABC'D 6 canh bing 2, cic chit A, B,C, D x¢p theo thi ty no dé tren hinh vudng. Doan thing AB duge di ché lign tyc dé dén triing véi doan thang CD sao cho A tring véi C va B tring véi D. Goi $ ladign tich cia hinh do doan thing AB quét ra trong khi doi ch6. Ching minh rang e6 thé tim duge mot each ds ché sao cho $< —* (neu 5 mot dign tich ndo dé duge quét hai lin thi cing chi tinh mot lin). Bai gidi, Tren thyc té cdch ddi doan thing AB duge chon khé don gin, Ve cc dutmg tron ngi va ngoai ti¢p hinh vudng, ta cho diém A chuyén dong theo chiéu ngugc kim ding hé, va do 6 B. Tir dé AB luén tigp xiic véi dung tron noi tigp cla hinh vung, Ki higu S; 18 dign tich gidi han bai hai dung tron (hinh vanh khan) va Sp 1a dign tich cia phin gidi han béi doan thang BC vacung nhé BC cia duimg trdn ngoai tip (phiin gach chéo). Qs | 6. On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 40 ho AB vach ra Bang céch chon dich chuyén nhv trén ta thay phéin dién khong vuot qué Sy — D6 la digu phai ching minh. ‘Tén tai hay khong céc s6 nguyén 0. Chimg minh rang véi moi xr € [0 , 1], va v6i moi n nguyén khong am, tac6 OS VE Pyle) SG Bing quy nap dé dang nhan duge dénh gi O 21 - ducng, Tir dang thie ta nhan duge 0 <1 < Tasé cing ‘minh ring diéu kign 0 < 21 < a dit dé day s6 néi trén gém toan so hang duong, ‘Thue vay, ta 06 thé tim, due mot géc a € (0°, 60") thoa man x, = sina. Khi dé rat nhanh ta c6 v3 1 cosa — Jn a = sin(60° — a). Tir dé bang quy nap dé dang ta 2 nan ditge _ fsina néu nla 1é "|sin(G0"- a) néun la chain Bay gids ta xét cu hoi thet hai cla bai todn, chi ¥ dén ¥ thé nhat ta dé dang suy ra ring day sO nay luén tuén hodn trong hodn cinh «y,.29 > 0. Néw <0 <2; thidé dang suy ring ring rs =.r, va do d6 rat nhanh bang quy nap tanhan duge day s6 tudn hoan, Néu x; <0 thi x2 > 0 vado dé ta chi vige lap lai If luan cho day d6i véi so hang bat di 18 22 thi ta cing c6 két qua [a day néi trén tun hoan, Cho 2n —1 s6 ty nhien lien tigp 1, 2,3,...,2n—1. Hay gach di ft nhat n—1 86 theo quy tic sau day +) Néu da gach s6 a thi phai gach so 2a +) Néu da gach s6 a va s6'b thi phai gach sO a+b HGi ring ciin phai gach s6 no dé tng céc s6 cdn lai 1én nhat? Gidi thfeh cu tri Ibi ciia ban. Baigi Ta gi sit rang cdc s6 bi gach 18.4), a2, +4, a vata xem 1 n—1. Ta sé ching minh rang + dy 441 > 2n v6i moi «+p. True hét ta thay ring a: > 1 thye vay nu a) = 1 thi so 1+1 = 2 ciing bj xo va do d6 3 = 2+ 1 cling bi xoa, cu thé thi tt ed ede s6 bi xo va téng cdn lai bing khong. Ta thy a Hay > 2n vi ngu khong, s6 a; +a, phai bi xoa, nhumg digu nay Khong thé vi a; + ay > dp. Tip theo dp; +a1 > dp ay. vinéu khong sO a, ; + a1 S€ bi x04, nhung 86 nay lai khong thude vao day néi trén, Do d6 ay. ;-+a2 > dy ij2 vind 3 6. ©Ha Duy Hung Cac bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 4 khong s6 nay sé bi xod nhung dé ¥ rang ay; + a > ay + a1 > apap Tip tycta thu duge ket qua Rap iy1+ a: > dp tite dp sy + a; > 2n. Tir day ta nhan duge 3? a; > 8 -2n= pn > (n= 1)n, Thanh ra téng ede s dn lai khong thé vugt quéin(2n — 1)—(n —1)n = n®. Datu bing xdiy ra khi vacchi khidy_:,1 +a; = 2n v6i moi i, do dé ma véi moi i, a; = +a). Dac bigt pra; = ay <2n— 1. Suy ra rang a; <2 te 1a a; = 2. Tom lai cde 86 cfin xoa sé 18 tit ci céc s6 chiin 2, 4,...,2n — 2. Cudi cling dé thay ring néu x04 S6 2 dau tign thi tat ed cdc s6 cin xod chinh Ia tat ea ede s6 chin Ngudi ta muGn cat mot hinh tit din bing ba mat phang dé duge mot hinh hopsao cho ba mat fe dinh hinh hop nim trén cée mat cia hinh wt dign a) C6 thé edit dé thé tich hinh hop bang 0 thé tich hinh ta dién khong? Gidi thich. b) Hay xdc dinh mot giao diém nao dé cita ba mat phing cat dé thé tich hinh hop bang Fi thé tich ciia hinh tit dién. 5 ‘Trong mat phang cho tam gidée ABC. Hay xdc dinh qu tich cdc diém M trtong mat phing dé sao MA+MA'= MB-MB'= MC+MC' 646 A’, B',C' Lin lugt 1a hinh chigu ciia diém M len cdc duéng thing BC,CA, AB. Bai gidi, Dap s6 cia bai toan 1A M tring véi true tam tam gige ABC hoae 1a M nam trén dung tron ngoai tigp tam gide d6. Gia sit ring f() 1a mot da thie véi he 6 thye khée hing s6 thod man digu kién (205 +2) ing da thie f khong c6 nghigm so th F(0)- f(22?) = €R. Ching minh Bai gidi, Gia sitring f(0) = Df_y ax* vOi cde $6 a9, «44, ay 1a cae s6 thue via, £0. Theo gid thiét suy ra a2 = ag do dé ma ag =0 hodc ay = 1. Néu ag = Othi ta c6 thé viet f () =2°* «g(:r) v6i g la mot da thiéc khong nhan 0 Rai nghigm. Thé vao dang thiic di cho ta nhan duge két qua Ia 9(0) = 0,mau thudn. Vay thi ag = 1. So sénh hé s6 ctia x ta nhan duge a? = a, va do dé 1. Bay gid ta gid sir rang f(r) = 0 c6 nghiém z nao dé, Khi dé 2ur$ + xy cting a nghiém va chi ¥ rang nghiém nay c6 cing dau véi nghiem 9. Tat nhién ao # 0 nén ta sé nhén duige mot day vo han giim ngat hoe tang ngat céc nghiém clia f(r). Diéu nay 1a khOng thé béi vi rang f 1a mot da thiie va n6 chi 6 hifa han nghigm ma thoi véi moi C&e em nhé & mot lép hoc diing vong trdn chai mot trd chati keo. Co gio cho méi em mot sé chin chige keo (em nao cling cé keo va s6 keo mai em, 6 duge e6 thé khdc nhau), Mot em nio dé dua mot nita so keo cla minh @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 43 cho ban é ngay ben canh ben tay phai minh. Ti¢p theo em vira nhdn duge keocia lam nhu thé néu s6 keo minh hign c6 1a s6 chain, cn néu Ia s6 1 thi sé nhan duge mot chige keo tit c6 gio truvic khi chia cho ban nhu thé. Ca em cif Hin ligt dita Keo nhur thé theo mt vong trdn. Chg minh ring sé gn tnaimg hop 14 ¢6 mot em nu dura mot nia sO keo ciia minh khong cho ban ma cho 6 gido thi tat cd cdc em e6 s6 keo bing nhau. Bai gidi, Méi ln mot em dua keo cho ban ta cé thé coi thinh hai bude: du tin dua ntta s6 keo cho c6 gio, sau d6 co gio sé dua cho ban ké tip. Thanh, thir bai todn quy vé 18 céin chimg minh dén mot thoi diém ndo 46 86 keo nhu nhau., Thue vay gici sit tai thoi digm i s6 keo Ién bait m 6 thé c6 1a. M, va SO keo it nhat mot em cé thé c6 1a m;. Hign nhién taco m; < Mj, Nhung vi cic s6 M;, m; déu Ia cic s6 nguyen duong, day s6 {M,} 18 khong tang va {m,} khong gidm nen dén mot thoi diém ig ndo dé taséc6 Mig = mig te 1A tat c& cdc emcé s6 keo nh nhau © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 44 1.30 Nam 1991 1. Hay xéc dinh tat cd cae ham sé f : R — R sao cho bat dang thiic sau ding véi cdc 86 thye «, y, 2 bat ki — F@)- Fly) = Bie Bai gid, Dap s6 cita bai todn Ia f(w Ta lan luot thye hien cdc bude chon din nhusau (a) Chor ta nhan duge f(0) — f2(0) > ; hay f(0) }. (b) Choy Ota nhan duge f(r) < i véi moi x. 1 (©) Chor ta nhan duge (1) (d) Choy ta nhan duge je) > i Vay f( vadé thir d6 1a dap s6 ciia bai todn, 2. Cho trude s6 18 k > 1. Véi mdi s6 nguyen duong n ta xde dinh f(n) 1a so nguyen khéng 4m Ién nat sao cho k" — 1 chia hét cho 2/”), Hay xéc din cong thite tinh f(n) theo & van. Bai gidi, Day 1A mot cau hdi quen thude trong L¥ thuyét s6, te 1A tim so mi cila 2 (ma tng quit [4 cho mot sO nguyén {6 tuy ¥) trong phan tich chinh tie iia ede s6 dang h" — 1 véi k cho truée, tuy vay cau hdi nay ¢6 1é khong phii hop véi mot bai thi Todn do ech héi mang tinh chung chung cia né va ket qui chi mang tinh dinh tinh, ¢6 ¥ nghia ly thuyét nhiéu hom. Dé xéc dinh cong thite cla f(n) ta cén xée dinh mot sO cOng thie truy héi sau, Dau tign ta xét f (4m), dé dang 06 k!—1 = (K2"—1)(k2" +1), Do 2" 18 s6 chinh phuong 1é nén k* + 1 18 sO nguyen chiin khong chia hat cho 4. Vithé ma f(4n) = j 2n)-+ 1 véimoi sé nguyen duong n, Tip theo ta s& ching minh mot két qua: Néu f(1) = a thi véi moi sé nguyen duong 18 m tac f(m) = a. Thue vay, véi moi s6 m Ié ta c6 AM = 1 = (k= 1)(R!1 pee 1) vad 9 ring "1 ek ing cla mot s6 I céc $6 18, do dé 1a $6 18. Vay ta c6 he thite f(n) = f(1) vi moi n 18. Ngoai ra céin chi ¥ ring lap lun trén diing cho mot s6 nguyen & Ie tuy ¥ (tite khong nhét thiét phai Ia so duong) Bay gid ta xét d&n f(4n-+2). Taki higu g(n) 18 sO nguyen khong am 16m nhét thod man 2#”)|j"-+1, Nh nhan xét cudi cling ngay phia trén ma ta c6 9(1 49(1) ¥6i moi n nguyen duong Ie, Laic nay tied? —1 = (2"!—1)(22"1 41) tasuy ra f(4n +2) = f(2n +1) + g(2n +1) = f(1)+ g(I) 3 ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 45 Dén day ta da c6 thé hodn thanh cong thie cén tim: véi mdi s6 nguyen duong, nta vieln =2""t v6i f 4 s6 nguyen duong 18. Khi dé fin = {2 _— num =0 m-1+f(I)+g() néum>o trong dé (1) 1836 mii elia2 trong k—1 va g(1) 18 s6 mii cla 2trong k +1 vacchti ying min{f(1), 9(1)} Cho mot gée tam dign vudng O.ry2 va ba diém c6 dinh A, B,C theo thet tw nam tren O:r, Oy, 02. Mot mat ciu (E) thay 46i nhung luon di qua A, B,C va (E) cat them cée canh O:r, Oy, Oz cita g6c tam dign lin lugt tai cde diém V,B'.C!. Goi M va M' theo thi ty Ia trong tam ciia tam gide A/BC va ABYC’. Hoi rang khi mat céu (E) thay ddithi trungdiém S cla doan thing MM" chay trén hinh nao? Ta sit dung vector vio bai todn nay. Ta c6 he thiic sau day 08= 5. (ON +OM)= (O14 70.44) 2 sym sym Néu goi A", B",O" 1a trung diém ciiac: 6 he thie c doan thing AA’, BB',CC' thita 1 oat O8=5-S00A Som Vi tamdign da choi tam d hop chit nhit véi ba canh co s sau vuéng nén OF chinh la dudng chéo cita hinh, OA", OB", OC" hay tacé he thttc vector ob =Sroat Al Som Nhu vay qu tch ea ciém 21 nh vi tu quytichebia tam mat ef theo $6 5, Ni tam vi ty O. Dé dang thy rang quy tich m E chinh 1 nita dutng thing /¢y hung vudng géc véi mat phing (ABC) tai tam dung tron ngoai tigp J cia tam gic A ABC va hudng trong phan nita khong gian khong chita diém O. Tit dé dé cng suy ra quy tich cia diém E. Cé 1991 hoe sinh diing thanh mot ving tron va quay mat vao trong dé choi Ot chi trai dém sO nhur dudi day. M6i hoe sinh dém mot so lin lugt theo kim dong hé, bit dau tir hoc sinh A nao d6, Cac s6 dém duge 18 1, 2.3, va cit lp theo thir tr nhur thé, Néu hoc sinh nao dm s6 2 hose s6 3 thi phai roi ngay khdi vi trf cia vong tron, Hoc sinh edn lai cudi cing sé duge thudng HOi hoe sinh mudn duge thudng thi lic bit du choi phai chon vi tri thit bao nhiéu theo chiéu kim dng h6 ké tir hoc sinh A dém s611 Lin du tign ? Bai gidi, Dau tien ta xét trd choi trong truémg hop s6 ngudi tham gia Ia 3". Khi dé chia s6 ngudi ra thanh cdc nhém v6i mdi nh6m c6 3 ngudi, Sau mdi ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 46 au vong dé thi dong nhiénsé chi cdn I dém s61 diu tién sé dém s6 1 dau tien 6 duy nhat duge thuéng 3°13"! ngubi va ngudi vong sau. Do dé anh ta a ngudi Quay tré Iai bai toan, dau tien ta 06 3° < 1991 <3". Vi rang sau mot s6 Lin chic chiin chi cin Iai ding 1 ngudi nén dé tim ra ngudi chign thing dau tien taciin 6 1991 — 729 = 1262 ngudi can phai ri Khoi vong trutée khi cdn 3° ngudi. 1262 ngudi nay nim trong 1262/2 = 631 nhém ba ngudi, tae 1a cin 6 631 = 1893 < 1991 ngudi ding tude 46, Vi thé ma mudn chién thing ban cin phai Ia ngudi ding the 1894 néu nhu ngudsi dém dau tien duge dénh 86 11. Comment. Thue té ta cé thé giai bai todn trén téng quat cho n ngudi bat ki cho trage véi mot Iy lugn mang tinh chat ché hon nhd vige xay dung truy héi ‘mot him dém. Cho tam gide ABC véi trong tam 1a G va noi tigp trong dudng tron bin kinh R, cde dudng trung tuyén cla tam gide nay xudt phat tireée dinh A, B,C kéo dai cat duémg tron lin lugt tai D, E, F. Chimg minh ring ee 1 1.4 tagtapsvt ( boat ) R~ GD” GE AB’ BC” CA Bai gidi, Trude tign ta dua vao vai kfhigu; a,b,c tuong ding 1a do dai cla cc doan thing BC, CA, AB vim, 1a do dai dudng trung tuyén xust phat tirdinh A. Ta cing ki higu giao diém cia cc dung trung tuycn xudt phat tirede dinh A, B,C dén cic canh d6i dign 1a M,N, P. Sirdung tinh chat a? phuong tich ta e6 MA+MD = MB- MO = hay MD = ~. Tacs Na 2 co. 1 a 1 a a GD=GM+MD=, 22/3 do dé ma Céc bai thi Todn quée gia Vier Nam bing A 47 Tip theo ta danh gia bat dang thite cdn lai, Theo tinh todn 6 tren, GD = Amz + 3a? 2 Fo Tasit dung cong thie duémg trung tuy6n dm = 2(0?+ ©) 0 Th Pte 6mm, 4m? +P +8 ta nhan duge GD = Hay Cui cing ta dé ¥ ring AD ca né khong vugt qué do wot qué 22. Do vay cung.ciia dudng tron ngoai tip nén do dai i dung kinh ciia duémg tron d6, nghia Ia khong 1D yn 2R 6= aps & ap eye eye hay 1.4 R°GD*G 6. Cho cde s6 duong 2, y, 2 dong thod min « > y > st oF Ching minh ring 2 Fe re ty?t2? On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 48 Tren thuc t€ digu nay duge suy ra khong mat kh6 khan nhur sau Pym) +y(e—0) +2(o-y) v ‘Tir thi a biéu thtéc cudi cling c6 thé thay la khéng am nhis bién ddi dai so don gin sau r)+2"(a—y) P(y2)+y y-2)(c-y)(e@-2) 20 © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 49 1.31 Nam 1992 R 3 6. . Vi mdi s6 nguyen duong n ki higu f(n) k Cho tit dign ABCD tho’ man t6ng ba géc phing dinh A va B cing bing 180°. Hai géc phing tai Cla ACD va BCD cé téng bang 180". Hay x4c dinh téng céc dign tich cia bon mat theo k= AC +CB va ACB = 2. 86 céec ue ditong cia n ma déng du véi +1 theo modulo 10, va xéc dinh g{n) 1a s6 cc uée duong cian ma déng dur véi +3 theo modulo 10. Ching minh ring f(n) > 9(n) Cho cde sO duong a, b,c, Xe dinh day {ay}, {bq} va {cn} thod man ap = 4, by = bva cy = ¢, dOng thoi 3 3 9 Gap =n + pa 9 Oa = 2 Cat = Ow n Breen rag? a, +n v6i min € Z,.Chimg minh rang a,, tién dén v6 han khi n tién ta vo cing. Mot hinh chit nhat kich thuée 1991 x 1992 duge chia thanh cac hinh vung don vi, ma ta danh sé céc hinh vudng d6 béi (m,n) voi 1 < m < 1991 va 1 R duge xée dinh bai f() = «(1993+ VT995— a ). c gid tri I6n nha va bé nat cia ham s6 6. Cho f : [V 199! Hay xée dinh e: ‘ic thod man AB khong song song v6i CD va BC khong song song véi AD. Céc diém P,Q, R,S thay déi duoc lay trén AB, BC,CD, DA twong ting sao cho PQFS 14 binh binh hinh, Hay x4c dinh quj tich tam cia hinh binh hanh dé. Hay x4c dinh him f (n) x4c dinh tren tap céc s6 nguyén dong véi céc gid tringuyén duong thoa man f (f(n))= 1993n'° véi moi n nguyén duong. ii cic dinh nam trén mot mat cdu cé dinh S'. Hay xac tit dign dé biéu thite AB? + AC? + AD? — C6 1993 diém duoc sap xép trén duéng tron. Tai thoi diém ban diu méi diém duge gan tuy ¥ cde s6 18 +1 hoae 1A —1, Tai Kin thet n ,3,.++5 8c dinh sé due thay nhan, Vio lin thi n mot dinh duge gin so +1 néu nh hai so Jn cn c6 cling s6 gin liéné Lin thit n — 1. Chimg minh ring dén mot lin n no dé thi tat cd cdc s6 déu bing 1 Nauti ta xée dinh day dg, 41, (42,-++5 V2 bp, br, Boy. 25 thod main ag =2, By 2 Dodgy = eee by) = Vamriby. Hily xée dinh hai day n6i trén hoi tu n, +b, 6 ciing gidthan va hay xéc dinh gidi han cha ching. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.33, Nam 1994 Nam bang A 51 1. Gidi he phuong trinh sau day e—34In(a?-2+1)=y y+ 3y—34+In(y?-yt+1)=z 34 32-34In(2? - 241) =0 Cho tam gide ABC. Lay doi xting cdc dinh cita tam gide qua cde canh doi dign ciia n6 dé duge tam gidc A’B'C’, Hay xac dinh diéu kign can va dui trén tam gide ABC é hai tam gide ABC va A'B'C" la tuong duong 3. Xéc dinh day x9,.21,.12,-+-, bdi ry =a 6 dé O 1995 (néu ngl 1né cling dutge tinh thinh cdc nghiem v6i s6 boi d6) n nao dé c6 boi thi Cé bao nhieu céich dé t mau céc din ciia 2n da gide déu véi n mau, sao cho méi dinh duge t6 mot mau, va bat ki miu duge ding cho hai dinh khong ké nhau? Hai cach t6 mau duge coi Ia nhu nhau néu cach nay duge nhan tir cach kia sau mot phép quay. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 53 1.35 Nam 1996 1. Hay xée dinh tat cd cdc $6 thue xr, y sao cho viz (1+— )=2 aty iy (- 1 j= mo 2. SABC la mot tit dign. DAB, EBC, FCA Wa cic tam gic trong mat phing cla ABC déng dang véi cdc tam giée SAB, SBC, SCA tuong img. O 1a tam ciia dudng tron ngoai tip tam gide DEF. Gia sit ring A 18 mat edu ngoai tigp cia SABC d6i dign v6i O (cAi ma tip xtic vdi cde mat phing SAB, SBC, SCA, ABC nim ten céc canh d6i dign ciia ABC t6i S, nhung vim trén cling phia ciia d6i voi SAB ca C, cing phfa d6i voi SBC cia ing phia d6i v6i SCA cla B). Ching minh rang K tip xtc voi mat ABC & diém 0, 3. Chon [a mot s6 nguyén duong va & 1a mot so nguyen duong khong lén hon. rn, Hay xdc dinh s6 cate bd k phi tir c6 thet tu (a1, a3... ., 4) thod min cdc digu kign sau day (a) Tat cd cdc a; déu phan biét va thude vao {1, 2. (b) a, >a, voir < sndo dé any (©) a, c6 ciing tinh chin 18 véi r di v6i r ndo 6. 4. Hay xe dinh tited cae ham s6 f(n)xie dinh trén tap ede 86 nguyen dung v6i cic gid tri nguyén duong thoa man f(n) + f(n +1) = f(r +2) f(n +3) — 1996 v6i moi n nguyén dung, 5, Tam gide AABC v6i BC = 1 va géc A bing «. Kéhigu f(x) 1& khoing cach bé nhat e6 thé gitta tam duémg tron noi tigp vatrong tam cila tam gide Hay xéc dinh f(). Héi ring gid tri lon nhat cia f(r) khi 60" <2 < 180° 18 bao nhiéu? 6. Cho x,y, 2,w la cdc s6 thye khong am thod man diéu kign 2(wo + wy + we+ayt+r2+y2) + wry +ry2+ y2w + zwa = 16. Ching minh rang Bw o-ty +2) > Awe-bwy+ wet cy tart © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.36 Nam 1997 Nam bang A 54 1. S 1a mot dudng tron e6 dinh véi bin kinh F. P 1a mot diém e6 dinh nim ban trong duting tron voi OP = < Régie déi sao cho A, B,C, D nim tren S, AC giao v6i BD tap diém P, va vuong géc t6i BD. Hay xéc dinh gid tri lon nhat va bé nhat cia chu vi te gide ABCD theo R vad. Chon > 1 Lamots6 nguye khong chia cho 1997. Bat aj, = m-+ £51996 Vay =m-++ sn 1. Sip c4 cae 6 hang ay, by; trong mot day theo thit te tang din, Chimg minh rng higu gitta hai s6 hang lien tip [a bé hon 2 zm véim= 3. C6 bao nhiéu him f(n) xc dinh trén tap cdc s6 nguyén duong véi cide gid tri nguyén duong thoa man f(1)=1 va f(n) f(a +2) = f(n+ 1)? + 1997 v6i moi n nguyén dung, 4. Cho k = «3. Hay tim mot da thite p(x) véi cdc he so hitu ty va cap cdg nnhé cng tot thoa man p(k + 2) = 3-+k. Hoi rang e6 t6n tai hay khong mot da thite q() véihé s6 nguyen tho min q(k +k) = 3-+K? 5. Chting minh ring véi moi s6 nguyen duong n e6 thé tim duge mot sO nguyen dung f(n) sao cho 19!) — 97 ma chia hét cho 2" © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 55 1.37 Nam 1998 1 R 6. tn(orn +3) Xée dinh day {2r,} béi ry =a > 1c ny1 = ene rang day da cho hoi tu va xdc dinh gi In Ching minh han ciia n6. ai tigp tit dien ABCD. Gia sit ring A’, B', C', D' la cac diém trén mat céu ngoai ti¢p dé saocho AA’, BB',CC’, DD! Ik cde duéng kinh. Ki higu 4" la trong tim cia tam gide BCD. Cie diém B",C", D" xéc dinh tuong tu. Ching minh rang cde deme thang y. Gid sirrang ching gap nhau tai trung diém ciia doan thang Ching minh ring duéng thing di quai AB la wong géc v6i CD. Cho day ap, a1,02,--25 duge xtc dinh béi ap = 20, a, = 100, anj2 = 4a,41 + 5dq + 20. Hay xéc dinh sé nguyén duong m bé nhat thoa man yy = 5 O41 = is 49 = 42, +~ Ha chia hét cho 1998, Tén tai hay khong mot day s6 thye vo han {,,} £95 thoa man [r,| < 0.666 va lem — a] v6i moi m,n nguyén dutong phan biet wyntme+m ‘Tim gid tri bé nhat cla biéu thie V(e +l)? +(y—1)? + Ve = 1)? + (y+)? + Ve $2)? + (y+ 2)? véi ic bin thye. a] Hiy xéc dinh tat cd caic s6 nguyen duong n sao cho t6n tai da thie p(2) v6i hé so thuc thoa man 109s p(o™ 4 © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net On Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 56 1.38 Nam 1999 1 6. . Daly a, 42.05, Hay xée dinh tat ea (14 gta). gute = gtevtl yy y+ de +In(y? + 2x) +1=0 jgm thue cla hé phuong trinh Cho tam gide AABC. Véi A! 1a trung diém cia cung BC cia mot dudng, trdn ngoai tiép khong chia A, £3! va C" duge xée dinh tuong ty, Cac doan thing A'B', BIC! va C'A gisonha wi cae canheia tam gic tai su digm hing-min rang ba doan 6 itt mai phén eda canh bang nha Kh va chi khitam gide ABC déu , duge xc dinh bdi a, Day bj, bo,b3,---5 duoc xac dinh bai b; ” In Ching minh rang cdc s6 nguyen dutong a, 6 thod man 5a? — b? = 4 hi va chi khi a= a, VAD = b,, v6i n nguyen durong no dé. Hay xdc dinh gid tri lén nhat ciia biéu thite binh eosin ea cdc g6¢ dé cling la hing s6. Hay xi v6i c dinh tat cd cde ham f (n) xde dinh trén 4 tritrong {0,1, 2, ..., 2000} thod mn (a) f(n) =n v6i0 2. Chimg minh rang khong c6 mot da thie tuyén tinh 1 -+enko machia hét p,() voimoin > 2 . Hay xe din tat cdi n > 3 tho’ man chting ta c6 thé tim dutge-n diém trong khong gian sao cho khéng c6 ba diém nao thang hang va khong c6 bén diém no cling nim trén dudg tron va ede dudmg trdn qua ba digm bat ki 18 c6 cing ban kinh, Cho da thie p(22) véi he s6 thue thoa man p(x? — 1) = p(x)p(—sc). Hay xe dinh s6 1én nhat cdc nghiém thue cta p(x) c6 thé cd. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net ©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todin quéc gia Vie 1.40 Nam 2001 Nam bang A 58 1. Cho hai duing trdn O va O! efit nhau & A va B. Dudng thing 17" tip xite ‘v6i duémng tron thif nhat tai dim T va duémg tron thit hai tai T’. Cac dung, vung géc tir T va 7" cit duimg thing OO! tai S va S'. Tia AS cat duéng tron thet nbit tai R va tia AS! edt dutmg tron thit hai tai R!. Ching minh ring R, B va R' thang hing, in dong n va a, [a hai so nguyén l6n hon Inguyén t6 cing i sit rang M = o°” +6" 6 it nhat hai ude 8 lon hon 1. Hay xéc du ctia M cho 6 +12" 3. Vi sO thuc a, b duge xée dinh day 29,.2),.r9,.++, bdi ay =a, 2n41 bsinx,. Néub = 1 ching minh rang day 43 cho hoi tu t6i mot gid tri hitw han véi moi a. Néu b > 2 chiing minh rang day phan ki véi a ndo d6. 4. Hay xc dinh gid tri lén nhat cia biéu thie 1,2,5 Viti ve 6 46.7, y, 21a cde 86 duong thoa man digu kign sau < min{rv2,yv3} +2v3 > v6 yV3 + 2V10 > 25 5. Hay x4c dinh tat cd cdc him gi tri thu xc dinh tren khoding (—1:1) thoa min zy véi moi x. 6. Choa;.42,-++, day Hi mot odin vi cita {1,2 la; aisa| A lay yl véi moi i 4 j. Chimg minh ring a; = az, +7 khi va chi khi 1 < ax; 1. Chimg minh rang khi n tién ra v6 han thi, tién dén 4. © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net @©HaDuy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 60 1.42 Nam 2003 1 R 3 6. Ki higu Rl tap hgp ede s6 thye. Mot him f : R — R tho’ man F(cotg.«) = cos 2r-+ sin 2x v6i moi 0 < x tip xtic ngoai nhau tai diém M va ban kinh ita C Ién hon cita Cy. Mot diém A chuyén dng trén C’y khong thing hing v6i dudng thang di qua hai tam. B va C la cdc diém trén C; thod min AB va AC tip xlc v6i C), Cac dung thing BM, CM giao v6i C Kin niia tai E. F tong ting. D 1a giao citatigp tuyén tai A va dutng thing EF. Ching minh ring qu tich cia diém D khi ma A thay ddi 1a mot duéng thang, Cho S,, 1a s6 cde hofin vi cita (a),a2,-.-,a,) ca (1,2 1< lag — k| < 2 véi moi &. Ching minh rang 7/45,_1 < S, moi s6 nguyen n > 6. n) thoi man nS 28,1 V6 Hay xc dinh so nguyén duong n 1én hat thoa man ring cée phuong trinh sau c6 nghiém sO nguyén 2,9); 42,068; Un (+1? ty =(@42)P typ=e= (etn) + yh Xéc dinh da thite p(2r) = dar —2r? — 154 +9 va q(x) = 1203 +62? —7e-+1 Chiing minh ring méi da thie c6 it nhat ba nghiém thuc phan bigt. Cho A 1a nghiem so 16n nhat cia p(.r) va B 1A nghiém lén nhat cia da thite q(-), Ching minh rang A? + 3B? = 4. Ki higu R* 1a tap hop cdc sé thuc duong. Ki hi¢u F 1 tap hop tat cd ham f :R* —+ R* thoa man: f(8x) > S(f2x))+2 véi v6i moi. Hay xc dinh hang s6 thye @ 1én nbat thoa man f(x) > a moi f € F vamoit €R™ © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net Hung Cééc bai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam being A 61 On 1.43 Nam 2004 1. Gidi he phuong trinh sau day Btaly-2 y+ yl x =30 2 42(e-yP=16 2. Chotam giée AABC tong mit phing. D la giao diém cia doan thin v6i duéng phan gide trong géc ACB cia tam gide ABC. trdn (O) thay d6i lu6n di qua hai diém C va D va khong tig x duéng thing BC va CA, Dudng tron nay cit BC va CA tuong ting tai cde digm tht hai Mf va NV (a) Ching minh ring t6n tai mot dudng trdn (S) thang DM, DN tai M, N tuong tg. (b) Dudng tron (5) cit ede dudng thing BC va AC tai cée diém twong tng 1a P va Q. Ching minh ring céc 46 dai cla cdc doan thing MP va QI hang s6 khi ma dung tron (O) thay déi. 7 - 3. Ching ta ki higu A 1a tap tit cd 16 sO nguyen dong dau tien A= {1,2,-..516} Hay xac dinh so nguyen duong bé nhat & cia ma 6 tinh chat sau day: véi moi tap con ciia A micé diing k phin tt chting ta c6 thé tim duge trong né hai phan tira, bm’ a?-+ 6? 1a sO nguyen t6. 6. ©Ha Duy Hung Cac hai thi Todn quéc gia Vier Nam bang A 62 Xét day s6 thue {2} 25 duge xée din bai (2+. 2c0s 2a) @y = Vand tn41= (2— 20s 2a)a, + 2 — cos2a 6 d6 0:18 mot tham s6 thuc. Hay xc dinh tat ca cde cila a sao cho day {ya}2°5 voi v6i moin gid tri c6 th ny mee & In 6 gidi han hitu han khi ma n tién ra vo han, Hay x4c dinh céc gidi han dé trong cée trating hgp cita «tim dug. Xét cde $6 thue dung 2, y,z thoi man digu kign (e+u+2 Hay xdc din gi tri l6n nat vanhé nhat cia biéu thite patityt+ 2 (w+y+ 2) Voi mdi s6 nguyén duong n ta kf higu $(in) la wéng cba tat cd cde chit s6 ciia n trong co 8610, Xét tat ed cde s6 nguyen duong m tho’ man 2003|m, fim gid tri bé nat 06 thé ciia Sm). © Copyright 2005 by Ha Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc,net @©Ha Duy Hung Céic hai thi Todn quéc gia Viet Nam bing A 63 1.44 Nam 2005 1. Cho zr, y 18 cde 56 thye thod man diéu kign: 3VeF1=3 Vy 42-9 Hay xée dinh gid tri 16n nhat va bé nhat cita bigu thie P= Cho (0) 18 mot dudng tron c6 dinh ban kinh PR. Lay dinh tren duéng tron (O) thoi man A, B va O khong thing hing. Xét diém thay d6i C nam tren dutmg tron (O) (C-# A, B). Dung hai dung tron (O,), (O2) di qua cae diém A, B va tigp xtie voi BC, AC tai C, tuong img. Duong trdn (Q;) giao véi dudng trdn (02) 6 D(D #C), Chimg minh ring (a) CD< (b) Dung thing C’D luon di qua mot diém khong phy thude vao diém C’ khi C chay trén duéng tron (0) sAyAsAgArAg i tém canh sao cho khong chéo nao déng quy. Giao cia hai dudng chéo tu ¥ doe goi Ia mot tite ede tt pide Toi duge tao bai bon dinh cia bat ide A Ap Va ede tit gide d6 s8 duge goi Ki nhimg "tc duong n bé nhat thoi man x ba dudng Ching ta e6 thé t6 mau n "nit" sa0 cho vi fmol A hms thi cdc sO (i, k 6 cde "tt gid con" ct ca hai dudng chéo I& mot nit. 4, Hay xéc dinh tat ca cdc ham s6 f: RR thod man diéu kign f(S(@=9))=F@) Fy) = F() + Fy) = ay voi moir.y ER. 5. Hay tim tat cdc bo ba (2, y,n) ede s6 nguyen duvong thoa man digu kign ott nl 6. iy 86 thy duge xde dinh béi 2, ic dinh tat cd céic $6 thyc a thoa » +00 va xdc dinh gigi han d6 trong trudmg hgp tim duoc. © Copyright 2005 by fi Duy Hung & www.ddtoanhoc.net

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