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ƒ Introduction
ƒ Objectives
ƒ Methodology
ƒ d
Industry Overview
ƒ Technology Level of Mobile Industry
ƒ Technology Problems
ƒ Recommendations
ƒ Conclusions

ƒ First operator; Celltel (Millicom – SA) entered in 1989

ƒ From 2004 to 2010 industry had an annual growth of ƒ Assess Technology Level of Sri Lankan Mobile
around 35‐40% Communication Industry
ƒ About 14 millions subscribers ƒ Identifying main technology issues in the
ƒ Currently 5 players are operating industry
d
ƒ Airtel – Bharathi Airtel (India) ƒ Proposing technological solution for those
ƒ Dialog – Axiata (Malaysia) issues
ƒ Etisalat – Etisalat (Dubai)
ƒ Hutch – Hutchison (Hong Kong)
ƒ Mobitel – SLT (Sri Lanka)

ƒ Secondary Data ƒ Cellular subscriber growth

ƒ TRCSL
ƒ Central Bank Reports Cellular Phones (’000) Cellular Mobiles per 100 Persons
16000 80
ƒ GSA 14000 70

ƒ Interviews with Engineers and Managers of 12000

10000
60
50
8000 40
all operators 6000 30
4000 20

ƒ Mobile Equipment vendors were contacted 2000

0
10
0

regarding available and future technologies 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka

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ƒ Regional Comparison ƒ Contribution to GNP

Cellular Mobiles per 1000 Persons GNP ‐ Post & Telecommunication
1400
70000

1200 60000

50000

GNP in Millions
1000
40000
800
30000

600 20000

10000
400
0
200 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka (Data – 2007 )

ƒ Passing a gloomy period ƒ World Telecommunication Technologies

ƒ Global economic recession was affected Technology Generation
Subscribers
Percentage(%)
ƒ New entrants – 5th Operator Analog 1G
(millions)
0.3 0.01

ƒ Sharp reduction of the reference price by TDMA

PDC
2G
2G
2.19
6
0.06
0.18

approximately 50% CDMAONE

iDEN
2G
2G
6.95
28
0.18
0.74

ƒ Adjustments of business models and CDMA2000 1x 2.5G 455 7.7

GSM 2G/2.5G 3700 80.42
structures, downsizing, recruitment freezing WCDMA 3G 240 6.32
CDMA2000 1x EV‐DO 3G 112 2.8
ƒ Operation outsourcing CDMA2000 1x EV‐DO‐Rev A 3.5G 3.2 0.08
WCDMA/HSPA 3.5G 57 1.52
ƒ Vendor Financing
ƒ Reported operating losses
Source: www.telecomindiaonline.com

ƒ Technology Comparison of Sri Lankan Mobile ƒ Sri Lanka is the first country introduced
Operators – Bench Marking following technologies in South Asia
Sri Lankan ƒ GSM
Technologies used World Status
O
Operator
t
ƒ EDGE
G
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
Airtel
WCDMA/HSPA *GSM/GPRS/EDGE are 2G/2.5G popular
ƒ WCDMA
Dialog
GSM/GPRS/EDGE technologies in world ƒ HSPA
WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ *WCDMA/HSPA are growing 3G/3.5G
Etisalat GSM/GPRS/EDGE technologies
ƒ HSPA+
Hutch GSM/GPRS/EDGE *HSPA+ is commercially available now ƒ Sri Lankan Mobile Companies have latest
Mobitel
GSM/GPRS/EDGE *LTE is emerging as a 4G technology in the world
technology
WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+

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ƒ Capacity Limitations ƒ Limited spectrum for Microwave links

ƒ Not having developed fiber ƒ more than 10000 Microwave Links
infra‐structure ƒ High maintenance cost
ƒ 99% MW are used for ƒ TRCSL has
h nott allowed
ll d Point
P i t to
t Multi‐Point
M lti P i t
backhauling (Limited capacity) backhauling technologies

ƒ Fiber to sites ƒ Transport Technologies used

ƒ Dedicated TDM based transmission is used mostly
ƒ Extending fiber network to base
stations for backhauling data traffic
ƒ Packet based transmission is necessary for
efficiency

ƒ Power availability Issues

ƒ IP RAN
ƒ Mobile base stations are located in hill areas
ƒ National grid is not available
ƒ High cost (Diesel generators)
ƒ No developed green energy system(Solar and
wind )

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ƒ Green Technologies ƒ Solar Power Solution

ƒ Solar‐wind Hybrid Power Solution
ƒ Solar‐diesel generator Hybrid Power Solution

Global Telecom Emissions 2002 – 2020

Source: The Climate Group and Global e‐Sustainability Initiative

ƒ Still not popular ƒ Limited Spectrum

ƒ High initial cost for Mobile base
ƒ Large area required for solar stations
panelsl ƒ 5 operators in GSM
ƒ Limited capacity ƒ 4 operators in UMTS
ƒ Small frequency range
for one operator
ƒ Difficult frequency
planning

ƒ Tower Loading
ƒ Microwave Antennas
ƒ Panel Antennas
ƒ Large wind area

ƒ TRC need to manage licenses

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ƒ Interference
ƒ Laser Links 1.5 Mbps to 10 Gigabit speeds
ƒ Interference can best be described as the
effect of unwanted signals or noise on the
reception of a wanted signal.

ƒ Main issue is Many operators in same ƒ Implementation of National fiber backbone

technology
& Develop fiber infra‐structure in the country
ƒ TRC regulation
ƒ Need to limit number of operators for (fiber to sites)
one system ..etc ƒ Use off green power sources
ƒ More Infrastructure Sharing

ƒ Sri Lanka is using state of art technology in ƒ Thank you

the mobile industry
ƒ Infrastructure and power are major cost
components
ƒ TRC need to pay more attention on
managing the resources and issuing the
licenses